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1.
  • Fredström, A., et al. (författare)
  • Tracking innovation diffusion : AI analysis of large-scale patent data towards an agenda for further research
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 165
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recent advances in AI algorithms and computational power have led to opportunities for new methods and tools. Particularly when it comes to detecting the current status of inter-industry technologies, the new tools can be of great assistance. This is important because the research focus has been on how firms generate value through managing their business models. However, further attention needs to be given to the external technological opportunities that also contribute to value creation in firms. We applied unsupervised machine learning techniques, particularly DBSCAN, in an attempt to generate a macro-level technological map. Our results show that AI and machine learning tools can indeed be used for these purposes, and DBSCAN is a potential algorithm. Further research is needed to improve the maps and to use the generated data to study related phenomena including entrepreneurship.
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2.
  • Fredström, Ashkan, et al. (författare)
  • What is the Market Value of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning? : The Role of Innovativeness and Collaboration for Performance
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 180
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As AI and ML technologies are increasingly incorporated into products, there is a need to understand the role of these incorporations in enhancing performance. This study uses new types of methodology related to textual data analysis to explore the question of whether there is a difference between market sentiments—and consequently marketing and business performance—when it comes to communicating either AI or ML. We test and confirm the hypothesis that AI rather than ML attracts more positive sentiments in the marketplace. Additionally, we find that AI is mostly used when the discussion centers on innovativeness, and that discussions concerning collaboration in these technologies attract more positive sentiments. We further contribute methodologically by leveraging textual data available online on the titles of web-page contents and the results of the Vader sentiment analysis to test our hypothesis. We conclude that, to enhance business performance, firms should communicate using AI-related vocabulary especially when the topic is innovativeness and collaboration.
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3.
  • Gama, Fábio, Ass. Professor, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Exploratory and exploitative capability paths for innovation : A contingency framework for harnessing fuzziness in the front end
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Technovation. - Oxford : Elsevier. - 0166-4972 .- 1879-2383. ; 113
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Based on the results of a multiple case study of seven manufacturing firms, a contingency framework for harnessing fuzziness in the front end of innovation is proposed by delineating two discrete capability paths through which new product ideas are developed into corroborated product definitions. The study illustrates that ideas characterized by high levels of fuzziness benefit from following an exploratory path, where the creative potential of fuzziness is embraced by deploying problem-formulation and problem-solving capabilities. In contrast, ideas at low levels of fuzziness benefit from following an exploitative path, where fuzziness is tolerated by drawing upon idea-refinement and process-management capabilities. When the fuzziness level of the idea and the set of capabilities to develop the idea are poorly aligned, the idea-development process is either inefficient or runs the risk of stalling. These findings have theoretical and practical implications for the front end of innovation and new product idea development.
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4.
  • Gama, Fábio, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • Untangling capabilities for managing the front end of innovation
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This article investigates the vital and often underemphasized front end of innovation. It aims to explore how firms utilize organizational capabilities to manage multiple sources of fuzziness (uncertainty, equivocality, and complexity). In so doing, we use the capability- and knowledge-based view to examine the use of firms’ capabilities to navigate the front end process from vague ideas towards corroborated product definition. In our qualitative case of seven manufacturing firms, we explore practices, methods, and routines for managing the front end. We explain that new product ideas can be classified according to different degrees of fuzziness, which implies that not all product ideas can or should be treated in the same way. In fact, certain capabilities are more important for managing the development of ideas at low (i.e. process management and idea refinement) and high (problem formulation and problem solution) levels of fuzziness. Ultimately, we suggest a theoretical framework that elucidates how firms use two distinct paths (i.e. tolerance-based or reduction-based) to transform early new product ideas into corroborated product definitions. In doing so, our results guide project members in matching the magnitude of knowledge problems with organizational capabilities and thereby increase front-end performance.
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6.
  • Garcia Martin, Patricia Carolina, et al. (författare)
  • Managing start-up – incumbent digital solution co-creation: a four-phase process for intermediation in innovative contexts
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 31:5, s. 579-605
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • As incumbents strive to collaborate with start-ups in the pursuit of cutting-edge digital solutions, the complexities posed by disparate partners and their innovative endeavours often lead to intricate tensions. Our research underscores the critical role of innovation intermediaries in enabling a successful digital co-creation, yet a deeper understanding of this novel and evolving context is required. Through a comprehensive study of two innovation intermediaries, five incumbent companies, and eleven start-ups, we shed light on how intermediaries can effectively mitigate the hard-to-manage tensions that emerge. Our analysis uncovers three primary tensions: incompatible digital co-creation cultures, divergent digital innovation operations, and misaligned technical capabilities. We further propose a four-phase process for innovation intermediation, including the establishment of digital co-creation foundations, catalysing digital innovation projects, orchestrating the co-creation process, and scaling the resulting outcomes.
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7.
  • Garcia Martin, Patricia Carolina, et al. (författare)
  • Reverse knowledge transfer in digital servitization: A global approach to service provision
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Spring Servitization Conference. - : Aston Business School, UK. ; , s. 53-60
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Digital servitization provides new opportunities for manufacturers to compete acrossmultiple markets. However, global digital service provision is complex and knowledge intensive, as itrequires alignment with subsidiaries to ensure adaptation to local customers’ needs. The purpose ofthis study is to understand how manufacturers engaging in digital servitization can leverage reverseknowledge transfer (RKT) from subsidiaries to achieve global competitive advantages.Design/Methodology/Approach: A qualitative multiple-case study including 43 interviews is used toinvestigate the RKT in three manufacturer-subsidiary cases taking place during the provision of digitalservitization solution packages in progressive global markets.Findings: This study identifies three crucial types of subsidiary generated knowledge namely, digitalknowledge, customer knowledge, and needs analysis knowledge. Leveraging such knowledge,manufacturers are able to mitigate the operational challenges of global digital service provision, andrealise the benefits in the forms of financial performance, efficient rollout of the digital servitizationsolution, and the expansion of the digital service portfolio.Originality/Value: Even though there has been increasing interest of scholars towards global digitalservice provision, there is limited knowledge about how manufacturers manage knowledge flowsbeyond the boundaries of a single market. This study extends current knowledge by focusing onmanufacturers’ digital service provision in multiple global markets. In addition, by focusing onsubsidiaries’ perspective, this study brings forward their critical role and impact on the achievementof global competitive advantages. This study introduces the concept of RKT in digital servitizationliterature exploring the role and impact of the subsidiary, actor that has received scant attention inthe servitization literature. 
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10.
  • Jovanovic, Marin, et al. (författare)
  • Co-evolution of platform architecture, platform services, and platform governance: Expanding the platform value of industrial digital platforms
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Technovation. - : Elsevier. - 0166-4972 .- 1879-2383. ; 118
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrial manufacturers increasingly develop digital platforms in the business-to-business (B2B) context. This emergent form of digital platforms requires a profound yet little understood holistic perspective that encompasses the co-evolution of platform architecture, platform services, and platform governance. To address this research gap, our study examines multiple platform sponsors from an industrial manufacturing context. The study demarcates three platform archetypes: product platform, supply chain platform, and platform ecosystem. We argue that each platform archetype involves a gradual development of platform architecture, platform services, and platform governance, which mirror each other. We also find that each platform archetype is characterized by a specific innovation mechanism that contributes to the platform service discovery and expands the platform value. Our study extends the co-evolution perspective of platform ecosystem literature and digital servitization literature.
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11.
  • Jovanovic, Marin, et al. (författare)
  • The Evolution of Digital Platforms : Exploring the Interplay between Digital Generativity and Solution Value Space
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - : OmniaScience. ; , s. 195-195
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • This study explores how the evolution of digital platforms enable the growth of solution value space in manufacturing firms. Greater generativity of digital modules increases the value space and associated solution scope of the digital platforms. This study focuses on the evolution of digital platforms, that is, how design recombination of digital module units can facilitate manufacturers to deliver multiple advanced solutions through use recombination. Based on multiple case studies in the construction industry, the findings present the maturity model of three digital platforms for manufacturers: (1) connected product platform, (2) fleet management platform and (3) digital industrial platforms. First, connected product platform generates a service space from a single digital module as a value offer to customer. Second, fleet management platform leverages on assemblages of digital modules that enables multiple advanced solutions though use recombination. Finally, digital industrial platform extends the level of platform openness by promoting digital generativity to specialized complementors. Thus, study also sheds light on the generativity tension by helping firms to navigate the balance between promoting and constraining digital generativity.
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12.
  • Kamalaldin, Anmar, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • A Relational View on Digital Servitization : Empirical Insights from Provider-Customer Relationships
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Spring Servitization Conference. - Birmingham, UK. - 978 1 85449 463 4
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Providers are increasingly leveraging digitalization and offering their industrial customers more advanced services which are enabled by digital technologies such as the internet of things, remote monitoring, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence. This trend is referred to as digital servitization, and it is enabling significant changes in how value is created and captured in industrial relationships. In order to fully benefit from digital servitization, providers and customers need to transform their relationships. However, there is limited knowledge on how a provider and a customer govern their dyad relationship in the context of digital servitization. To address this gap, this paper applies the relational view theory as a lens for the purpose of studying how dyad relationships in digital servitization can be successfully governed by parties involved. To that end, research was conducted based on multiple case study of four dyad relationships between Swedish providers and customers that are actively involved in digital servitization. In total, 40 respondents from seven companies were interviewed, and data was analyzed based on thematic analysis approach to identify relevant themes and patterns. Although data collection followed an inductive approach, data aligned with the four determinants of interogranizational competitive advantage suggested by the relational view: complementary resources and capabilities, relation-specific assets, knowledge-sharing routines, and effective governance. The results of this study demonstrate that these determinants have great influence for governing relationships between the provider and customer in digital servitization. This paper provides theoretical contribution to servitization literature by highlighting the importance of relationship governance, and how this is gradually transformed as the relationship develops. This transformation is illustrated in a stepwise framework that can also guide managers in prioritizing activities and investments, and developing governance mechanisms to advance their business relationships in digital servitization context.
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13.
  • Kamalaldin, Anmar, 1986- (författare)
  • A Relational View on Digital Servitization : Empirical Insights from Industrial Relationships
  • 2021
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Background and purpose: Digital technologies are enabling the transformation of manufacturing companies from being a product provider to a service provider, a trend that is referred to as ‘digital servitization’. Providers typically adopt a digital servitization strategy to differentiate themselves from competitors, create new revenue streams, and unlock new value creation opportunities for their industrial customers. Though, for realizing the benefits of digital servitization, a key challenge is related to adapting industrial relationships to a state where value is increasingly created by digital rather than physical component. However, current knowledge about this is lacking. More specifically, there is a need to investigate how provider-customer relationships are transformed, as a shift from transactional to relational interaction is needed. A further complicating factor that emerges in digital servitization is that relationships tend to extend beyond provider-customer relationship and spreads across ecosystems of multiple actors, including equipment providers, digitalization partners, besides customers. This creates various challenges, as providers have to secure their roles in an ecosystem where they may have to simultaneously cooperate and compete. Therefore, there is a need to investigate how ecosystem relationships are configured. This thesis adopts the theoretical lens of the relational view (Dyer et al., 2018; Dyer & Singh, 1998) to advance understanding of how industrial relationships develop for digital servitization. More specifically, the purpose is divided into two research questions: 1) How can provider-customer relationships be transformed for digital servitization?, 2) How can a provider configure ecosystem relationships for digital servitization?. Research methods: A qualitative case study methodology was adopted, and cases were selected based on theoretical sampling. Data was mainly collected through semi-structured interviews with company informants, supplemented by secondary data. Data was analyzed following the method of Gioia et al. (2013). Findings: The thesis integrates the findings of five papers into a ‘relational framework for digital servitization’. The framework draws on the relational view theory, which suggests four determinants of inter-organizational competitive advantage: complementary resources and capabilities, relation-specific assets, knowledge-sharing routines, and effective governance (Dyer et al., 2018; Dyer & Singh, 1998). The four determinants are conceptualized for the context of digital servitization and used as theoretical lens to synthesize the findings into two layers. First, from a provider-customer perspective, the findings show that it should transform to one that is based on co-creation logic with a long term-perspective, and the framework underlines four principles in this endeavor. From an ecosystem perspective, the findings show that the ecosystem should be centered on a focal value proposition (digital service) targeted at a specific industrial customer, and providers need to align activities for interdependent value creation with other actors. The framework suggests four principles to that end. Contributions and implications: This thesis contributes to the emerging literature on digital servitization by developing processes and overarching principles for transforming provider-customer relationships. The thesis also contributes to the growing body of literature on innovation ecosystems by demonstrating the central role of ecosystem alignment in digital servitization and suggesting frameworks and principles for configuring ecosystem strategies based on assessing the context. Furthermore, the thesis contributes by emphasizing the interplay between technology development, ecosystem configuration, and business model design in digital servitization. Besides its theoretical contributions, this thesis has implications for managers who are active in digital servitization efforts in manufacturing firms and digital services providers, in addition to managers in firms pursuing the procurement of digital services. 
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14.
  • Kamalaldin, Anmar, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • A Relational View on Industry 4.0 : Governing Relationships in Digital Servitization
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - : OmniaScience. ; , s. 50-57
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the light of industry 4.0, providers are increasingly offering their industrial customers more advanced services enabled by digital technologies such as the internet of things, remote monitoring, and artificial intelligence. This trend is referred to as digital servitization, and it is enabling significant changes in how value is created and captured in industrial relationships. In order to fully benefit from digital servitization, providers and customers need to transform their relationships. However, there is limited knowledge on how a provider and a customer govern their relationship in the context of digital servitization. To address this gap, this paper applies the relational view theory as a lens for studying how dyad relationships in digital servitization can be successfully governed and transformed. To that end, research was conducted based on multiple case study of four dyadic relationships between providers and customers. In total, 40 respondents from both sides were interviewed, and data was analyzed based on thematic analysis approach to identify relevant themes and patterns. The results identify four components – complementary digitalization capabilities, relation-specific digital assets, digitally enabled knowledge-sharing routines, and partnership governance – that enable providers and customers to profit from digital servitization. The main contribution is the development of a relational governance framework for digital servitization. In doing so, we provide contribute to the servitization literature, as we advance understanding of the central role of relationship governance in digital servitization, and provide insights into the transformation of provider-customer relationships.
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15.
  • Kamalaldin, Anmar, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Configuring ecosystem strategies for digitally enabled process innovation : A framework for equipment suppliers in the process industries
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Technovation. - : Elsevier. - 0166-4972 .- 1879-2383. ; 105
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Digitalization offers new opportunities for equipment suppliers to support the competitiveness of process industry firms through participating in digitally enabled process-innovation initiatives. However, doing so is not without challenges as it requires equipment suppliers to align with multiple actors within an extended ecosystem to deliver complex product-service software systems as embodied sources of process innovation. This creates various challenges for the equipment supplier because it has to secure its role in an ecosystem where it must simultaneously cooperate and compete with other ecosystem actors. Therefore, it needs to consciously determine what ecosystem strategy to apply. Using multiple exploratory case studies, we investigate how equipment suppliers configure appropriate ecosystem strategies to realize digitally enabled process innovation for process industry firms. Our findings emphasize that different industrial customer contexts require different ecosystem strategies; we have identified four archetypical ecosystem strategies (orchestrator, dominator, complementor, and protector). The core insights from our research are converted into a decision tree framework to guide equipment suppliers in configuring the appropriate ecosystem strategy based on the industrial customer context. Key contingency considerations include determining an appropriate role in the ecosystem (leader or follower) and a suitable coopetitive approach (cooperation dominated or competition dominated).
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16.
  • Kamalaldin, Anmar, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Relational Transformation 4.0 : How digitalization and servitization transform industrial relationships
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Management of Innovation & Technology. - Göteborg, Sweden : Stiftelsen IMIT. - 2001-208X. ; juni:2, s. 6-9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • To profit from digitalization, industrial relationships shift from transactional product-centric model to relational service-oriented engagement – a trend that is referred to as digital servitization. To transform their relationships, providers and customers should consider four relational components: complementary digitalization capabilities, relation-specific digital assets, digitally enabled knowledge-sharing routines, and partnership governance. This article offers guidance and presents a relational transformation framework for digital servitization.
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17.
  • Kamalaldin, Anmar, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Transforming provider-customer relationships in digital servitization : A relational view on digitalization
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 89, s. 306-325
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Digitalization is viewed as a source of future competitiveness due to its potential for unlocking new value-creation and revenue-generation opportunities. To profit from digitalization, providers and customers tend to move away from transactional product-centric model to relational service-oriented engagement. This relational transformation is brought about through digital servitization. However, current knowledge about how providers and customers transform their relationship to achieve benefits from digital servitization is lacking. This paper addresses that knowledge gap by applying the relational view theory to a study of four provider-customer relationships engaged in digital servitization. The results provide evidence for four relational components – complementary digitalization capabilities, relation-specific digital assets, digitally enabled knowledge-sharing routines, and partnership governance – that enable providers and customers to profit from digital servitization. A key contribution is the development of a relational transformation framework for digital servitization that provides an overview of how the four relational components evolve as the relationship progresses. In doing so, we contribute to the emerging servitization literature by offering key relational insights into the interdependence of activities throughout the transformation phases of provider-customer relationships in digital servitization.
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18.
  • Kamalaldin, Anmar, 1986-, et al. (författare)
  • Understanding Procurement Processes for Digitally Enabled Advanced Services
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Book of Abstracts. - : Omnia Science. ; , s. 118-124
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Digitalization or industry 4.0 holds the potential of providing many benefits to industrial companies. Industrial customers are increasingly focusing on buying digitally enabled advanced services, i.e. integrated solutions that combine products and service functions with digital capabilities. However, traditional procurement processes are not well designed for evaluating and buying digitally enabled advanced services, which inhibits value co-creation between the supplier and customer. Therefore, industrial customers need to transform their procurement processes in order to improve the potential of profiting from digitalization. We use data gathered from multiple case study of 8 large companies in Sweden to develop a procurement process for digitally enabled advanced services. The proposed process consists of 4 phases with key activities at each phase. These are based on a close interaction between the internal actors of customer organization, as well as co-creation logic between customer and supplier, leading to a win-win relationship and continuous innovation.
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19.
  • Kohtamäki, Marko, et al. (författare)
  • Managing digital servitization toward smart solutions: Framing the connections between technologies, business models, and ecosystems
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 105, s. 253-267
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • The present study extends the discussion on product manufacturers' digital servitization toward smart solutions by outlining and reviewing the existing literature on digital servitization and smart solutions. We focus on potential configurations based on technologies, business models, and ecosystems to understand how this transition can be managed through the process of reconfiguration. We define smart solutions as an advanced state of product-service-software systems, and we use moving vehicles as a case in point. We base our discussion on a configurational research approach, examining the role of advanced technologies (e.g., artificial intelligence), novel business models, and modern ecosystems (e.g., platforms and innovation ecosystems) in shaping digital servitization toward smart and autonomous solutions. We identify gaps in the literature, offer an analytical framework, suggest avenues for future research, and contribute by laying the theoretical foundations and proposing managerial directions for a digital servitization journey toward smart solutions. By so doing, we present the papers accepted to the current IMM special issue on “Moving toward autonomous solutions: The role of Product-Service-Software Systems”, which this review article introduces.
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20.
  • Kolagar, Milad, et al. (författare)
  • Digital servitization strategies for SME internationalization : the interplay between digital service maturity and ecosystem involvement
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Service Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1757-5818 .- 1757-5826. ; 33:1, s. 143-162
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand how digital servitization enables the process of internationalization for industrial SMEs.Design/methodology/approach: The present study has adopted an exploratory multiple case study, conducting a total of 40 interviews in a two-phased approach to data collection. The first phase consisted of exploratory interviews with twenty-six industrial SMEs connected to the manufacturing industry in Sweden and Finland. Then, six SMEs were selected in the second phase to participate in additional in-depth interviews.Findings: First, this study identifies three gradual enabling phases concerned with the digital service maturity of SMEs consisting of digital awareness, digital service innovation and digital service mass customization. Second, the three interdependent phases of ecosystem knowledge synergy, ecosystem integration and ecosystem value co-creation were identified to improve ecosystem involvement. Finally, a process framework has been developed for SME internationalization consisting of a digital servitization innovation strategy, a digital servitization ecosystem strategy and a digital servitization scaling strategy.Originality/value: The present research contributes to how digital servitization enables SME internationalization by demonstrating how the development of digital service offerings and ecosystem partnerships supports the internationalization process. This research extends the literature by proposing a process framework for the digital-servitization-enabled internationalization of SMEs. This process perspective provides a richer explanation of the complex interplay between servitization, digitalization and ecosystems choices, which supports the expansion into international markets.
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21.
  • Kolagar, Milad (författare)
  • Ecosystem Orchestration within Digital Servitization : A Path towards Sustainable Industry
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The development of new digital technologies is enabling manufacturing firms to transition from their traditional product-centric approaches to a more sophisticated service-oriented model, known as “digital servitization”. Moreover, this convergence between digitalization and servitization can provide innovative ways of reducing environmental footprints and enhancing social impact, while preserving firms' economic viability. Digital servitization can, therefore, be considered one of the pathways to bringing sustainable benefits to the manufacturing industry. Nevertheless, digital servitization is a challenging endeavor because it involves the transformation of digital infrastructures, the implementation of formal governance principles, and the close interactions between firms. Since only a few individual firms can claim to have all the technological resources and capabilities necessary to create and deliver digital services and solutions, multiple actors are required to work together in so-called innovation ecosystems to reap the benefits of digital servitization. This highlights the importance of transforming ecosystems and establishing cooperative collaboration between diverse actors to facilitate the formation, orchestration, and expansion of ecosystems over time. Similarly, ecosystem orchestration and managing complex collaborations to realize the ecosystem vision have been proven to be the most challenging aspects of this transformation within the context of digital servitization. Despite the growing interest in ecosystem orchestration in research and practice, there is still a lack of knowledge about how this process can be conducted within the context of digital servitization. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to advance understanding of how ecosystems can be orchestrated within digital servitization to realize a more sustainable industry.Featuring a cover story and four separate but interrelated papers, this thesis uses a variety of different methodological approaches to advance understanding and knowledge of ecosystem orchestration for the co-creation of digitally enabled advanced services and solutions. As a result of conducting a systematic literature review, Paper 1 provides the foundation for the remaining studies. Following this, Papers 2 and 3 adopt a qualitative case study approach to contribute to the empirical aspect of the thesis. Furthermore, Paper 4 adopts a mixed-method approach (fsQCA) to fill the gap of scarce quantitative and hybrid methods in the digital servitization literature.As a contribution to the emerging literature on digital servitization, this thesis proposes a framework for how firms can orchestrate their ecosystems in digital servitization in order to achieve sustainable industry benefits. The framework outlines three major building blocks of activities that industrial firms perform in order to orchestrate their ecosystem in digital servitization. These blocks of activities are undertaken to support: 1) digital value architecture, 2) the contractual governance mechanism, and 3) relational ecosystem governance. Moreover, it extends the discussion on how these building blocks interact and co-evolve for ecosystem orchestration to occur in the digital servitization context in order to achieve sustainable industry outcomes.
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22.
  • Kolagar, Milad, et al. (författare)
  • Ecosystem transformation for digital servitization: A systematic review, integrative framework, and future research agenda
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 146, s. 176-200
  • Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Manufacturing firms are increasingly seeking to capture the potential of digitalization by transforming towards digital servitization. Yet, most manufacturers struggle to realize the value through digital servitization because it requires a sustained focus on forming ecosystem partnerships. Digital servitization research has long recognized the importance of ecosystem tranformation but much of the existing discussion on this interlink is fragmented and understudied. Therefore, this study’s purpose is to investigate how manufacturing firms engaged in digital servitization transform their ecosystems. To this end, we have examined the triggers, firm-level enablers, ecosystem phases and activities, and effects of ecosystem transformation in digital servitization. We provide a comprehensive review of the phases of ecosystem transformation including ecosystem formation, orchestration, and expansion as well as their associated activities. These findings have been consolidated into an integrative framework for ecosystem transformation and, based on this analysis, suggestions for future research are provided for digital servitization scholars.
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23.
  • Kolagar, Milad, et al. (författare)
  • Linking Digital Servitization and Industrial Sustainability Performance: A Configurational Perspective on Smart Solution Strategies
  • 2024
  • Ingår i: IEEE transactions on engineering management. - : IEEE. - 0018-9391 .- 1558-0040. ; 71, s. 7743-7755
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Manufacturing companies are introducing innovative ways to facilitate the sustainable transition of their customers’ operations. The emerging literature on digital servitization proposes numerous factors, such as the use of advanced artificial intelligence analytics, orientation toward outcomes, and aligning ecosystem partnerships, which can potentially influence the sustainable performance of industrial customers. However, there is currently a lack of understanding regarding how these factors interact to result in sustainable outcomes. Hence, this study seeks to shed light on these complex relationships by identifying viable smart solution strategy configurations for achieving customer sustainable performance. Drawing on a dataset of 180 Swedish manufacturing firms, this study uses a configurational comparative method—namely, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis—to identify the impact of different configurations of “AI-driven optimization,” “outcome orientation,” “value co-creation,” and “ecosystem orchestration” conditions on the realization of customer sustainable performance. This study has identified five smart solution strategies that empower manufacturers to realize sustainable performance for their customers. Among the five configurational strategies identified, the first configurational strategy appears to be the most prominent, as it is based on an outcome-based approach in which the firm uses its technological expertise and its ecosystem partnerships to take over customer operations. Thus, this study contributes to the ongoing discussion in digital servitization on its enabling role for industrial sustainability practices.
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24.
  • Kolagar, Milad, et al. (författare)
  • SME Internationalization Through Digital Servitization : Development of Ecosystem Capabilities
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Spring Servitization Conference. - : Advanced Services Group. ; , s. 238-246
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Digital servitization has shown to create a competitive advantage for manufacturing companies on the international market. However, companies, specifically SMEs, are struggling to make use of its benefits for their international activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate how SMEs utilize digital servitization for their internationalization strategy by developing their ecosystem capabilities.Design/Methodology/Approach: To achieve this purpose, this study has adopted an exploratory multiple case-study approach and conducted in-depth semi-structured interviews with 21 manufacturing SMEs.Findings: In this study, a framework has been developed for SMEs to enable their international activities by strengthening their digital servitization capabilities, which include digital awareness, digital service innovation, and digital service customization. Ecosystem capabilities, including ecosystem knowledge synergy, ecosystem innovation appropriability, and ecosystem alignment, have been identified as the deciding factor for the successful adoption of internationalization strategies.Originality/Value: Despite its potential, the implementation of digital servitization is still challenging for most of the manufacturing companies, especially SMEs that target international markets. These companies are dependent on ecosystems in the international atmosphere, but the capabilities needed to succeed requires further research. In this regard, the framework presented in this study helps SMEs to develop ecosystem capabilities for digital servitization in the international arena.
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25.
  • Korkeamäki, Lauri, et al. (författare)
  • Coping with the relational paradoxes of outcome-based services
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 104, s. 14-27
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • By entering outcome-based service (OBS) relationships, industrial service providers and their customers realign their business interests to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes. The move towards OBS represents a shift from transactional to relational interaction between the providers and their customers. Thus, the changed relationship is bound to envelop paradoxes – circumstances that involve competing demands where making tradeoffs can often be impossible. The purpose of this study is to explore such relational paradoxes in OBS relationships and how providers cope with them. An explorative case study approach reveals that the relational paradoxes are related to control, knowledge, dependency, and complexity. Subsequently, we developed a COPE framework consisting of four provider coping strategies: commitment, openness, partnerships, and extrication. Building on the logic of knotted paradoxes, we introduce a quatrefoil knot in which the found relational paradoxes are enmeshed. Finally, we show how different paradoxical tensions become salient at different phases of the OBS relationship while being reinforced by the latent paradoxes at the time. For managers, we disclose relational tensions and their temporal interplay and suggest strategies to cope with them.
  •  
26.
  • Kyösti, Petter, et al. (författare)
  • Process-SME Project : Exceeded Expectations
  • 2019
  • Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • This publication ‘Process-SME Project – Exceeded Expectations’ introduces a Nordic project Process-SME, which main objective is to improve the competitiveness of SMEs whose customers are found within the process, mining, energy, oil, and gas industries. The project supports these SMEs by identifying their needs and potential opportunities, developing new business models, building European partnerships and applying for EU-level funding for project proposals on SMEs’ business behalf. Furthermore, the Process-SME project aims to develop SMEs’ products, services and other offerings.
  •  
27.
  • Linde, Lina, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Dynamic capabilities for ecosystem orchestration : A capability-based framework for smart city innovation initiatives
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 166
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Firms are faced with increased dynamism due to rapid technological development, digitalization, and sustainability requirements, creating novel opportunities for ecosystem innovation. This is particularly prevalent in smart city contexts where initiatives concerning, for example, energy efficient buildings and smart energy grids drive new kinds of ecosystem formation. Orchestrating emerging innovation ecosystems can offer a path to sustained competitive advantage for ecosystem leaders. Yet, it calls for the development of new capabilities to sense, seize, and reconfigure digitalization opportunities in a highly dynamic ecosystem environment. Yet, prior research lacks insights into the dynamic capabilities and routines required for ecosystem innovation. Therefore, this study investigates how firms can develop dynamic capabilities to orchestrate ecosystem innovation and, thus, gain from it. Through a multiple case study of smart city initiatives, we offer insights into the specific micro-foundations or sub-routines underlying the ecosystem leader's sensing, seizing, and reconfiguring capabilities, which are necessary to orchestrate ecosystem innovation. We develop a capability-based framework demonstrating three orchestration mechanisms – namely, configuring ecosystem partnerships, value proposition deployment, and governing ecosystem alignment. Our findings carry implications for the literature on innovation ecosystems and dynamic capabilities, as well as for managers.
  •  
28.
  • Linde, Lina, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of Digital Business Model Opportunities : A Framework for Avoiding Digitalization Traps
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Research technology management. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0895-6308 .- 1930-0166. ; 64:1, s. 43-53
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In the era of digitalization, manufacturing firms find it difficult to assess what is “the right” digital business model. To avoid common digitalization traps, company leaders and managers need to carefully assess each business model opportunity before committing to implementation and commercialization. We present insights from our case study about the diverse and complex issues related to digital business models. We highlight three digitalization traps and provide a three-phase framework companies can use to evaluate digital business model opportunities and make an informed decision on the commercial prospects for each model vetted.
  •  
29.
  • Linde, Lina, 1989- (författare)
  • How Digital Servitization Unfolds : Empirical insights from Swedish industry
  • 2023
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Digital technologies are enabling the transformation of historically product-centric companies to become service providers, a trend referred to as ‘digital servitization’. By embedding digital components into physical products, industrial providers can offer digital services such as fleet or site optimization to improve their customers’ operation processes. However, digital servitization is a challenging undertaking, as it tends to disrupt and radically change the traditional business logics of product providers, and a key challenge has to do with capturing the value created from digital services. Further, digital servitization requires an extensive transformation of the provider–customer relationship toward a co-creation logic and relational interaction. Furthermore, few single providers have all the capabilities needed to create and deliver digital service thus, stressing the need for multiple partners to work together in so called ecosystems, to realize the benefits from digital servitization. Despite the growing interest in digital servitization in research and practice, knowledge of how to go about this transformation is still lacking. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to advance the understanding of how digital servitization unfolds for industrial providers.Comprised of a cover story and four separate but interrelated articles, this thesis explores the transformation of historically product-centric companies into digital service providers. Adopting a qualitative and inductive research approach, this thesis is empirically based on four multiple case studies, including 150 interviews with 21 industrial providers, their customers, and the extended ecosystem of partners.This thesis mainly contributes to the emerging literature on digital servitization by proposing a framework for how digital servitization unfolds for industrial providers. The framework presents three categories of activities that the digital service provider performs 1) internally toward developing the digital service offering, 2) toward transforming the customer relationships, and 3) toward orchestrating the ecosystem partnerships. Thus, it extends the discussion on how companies go about the transformation of digital servitization, how the relationship with customers is transformed, and what capabilities are needed to orchestrate ecosystem partnerships.
  •  
30.
  • Lindström, John, et al. (författare)
  • European roadmap for industrial process automation
  • 2018
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This is an updated version of the ProcessIT. EU roadmap for industrial process automation, which was initially released in 2013 to provide guidance and input for process industry companies, providers of process industrial IT- and automation solutions, researchers as well as policy makers and bodies/initiatives that craft calls for RDI-projects. The main objective is for European process industry to stay competitive, profitable and sustainable. Thus, to support European process industry in its industrial process automation endeavours, the ProcessIT. EU roadmap outlines three top-level needs: sustainable production, competence management and trust, security, safety and privacy. These three top-level needs intersect the following ten R&D areas:• Productivity, efficiency, scalability and flexibility• Sustainability through circular economy - circular economy through industrial internet• Distributed production/modular factories and services• Artificial Intelligence and Big Data• Autonomous plants and remote operations• Platform economy• Cybersecurity• Safety - human, machine and environment• Competences and quality of work• Human-Machine Interfaces and Machine- to-Machine communications,which in turn are used as building blocks in the nine gamechangers . The gamechangers aim to influence the process industries’ competitiveness, profitability and sustainability . The gamechangers are listed below:• Modular factory for distributed and automated production• Live virtual twins of raw-materials, process and products• Increased information transparency between field and ERP• Real-time data analytics• Dynamic control and optimisation of output tolerances• Process industry as an integrated and agile part of the energy system• Management of critical knowledge• Semi-autonomous automation engineering• Integrated operational and cybersecurity managementFinally, the ProcessIT. EU roadmap provides an insight into what may need to be considered on strategic and tactical levels, in terms of: objec-tives, R&D areas, game changers and business modelling, to keep and develop the competitive edge and initiative.
  •  
31.
  • Osland Sandvik, Håkon, et al. (författare)
  • Inherent paradoxes in the shift to autonomous solutions provision: a multilevel investigation of the shipping industry
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Service Business. - : Springer. - 1862-8516 .- 1862-8508. ; 16:2, s. 227-255
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Transforming a traditional industry by adopting autonomous solutions is complex, generating paradoxical tensions on multiple aggregate levels. We undertake an in-depth case study of a leading maritime autonomous solutions provider and its ecosystem partners. We apply the paradox lens using thematic analysis. Our research contributes to the digital servitization literature by identifying six paradoxes inherent in the shift to autonomous solutions, nested in the micro, meso, and macro levels. We develop a multilevel framework of organizational paradoxes, delineating cascading effects of paradoxes across levels. We offer valuable insights for providers to integrate multilevel perspectives into the shift to autonomous solutions.
  •  
32.
  • Palmié, Maximilian, et al. (författare)
  • Startups versus incumbents in ‘green’ industry transformations : A comparative study of business model archetypes in the electrical power sector
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Industrial Marketing Management. - : Elsevier. - 0019-8501 .- 1873-2062. ; 96, s. 35-49
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Scholars have recently argued that startups and incumbents play differential roles in the disruptive transformations of industries toward sustainability and that the transformations are only likely to succeed if both startups and incumbents contribute. To understand their respective contributions and, thus, to understand how industries make the transition toward sustainability, comparative studies of incumbents versus startups during this transformation have been identified as a central pursuit, but yet they are mostly lacking. Since business models have become a principal way of characterizing firms, the present study takes a business model perspective and derives business model archetypes in the electrical power sector from an analysis of 280 startups and incumbents in three different countries. The selected countries (USA, UK, and India) represent three different energy profiles and leading instances of disruption in the energy sector. The article, then, undertakes a comparative analysis of startups and incumbents based on the empirically distilled business model archetypes and develops propositions on startups, incumbents, and business models in industry transformations. This analysis produces several important insights. First, incumbents do not seem to engage in less business model experimentation than startups. Second, incumbents have adopted several new business models that are not pursued by startups. Third, startups have espoused some business models that are not pursued by incumbents. Fourth, foreign firms can also affect the ‘green’ transformation of an industry in a focal country. Finally, the identified business model archetypes are likely to be of interest to scholars and practitioners who are seeking an improved understanding of business models in the electrical power industry and the industry's competitive landscape.
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33.
  • Parida, Vinit, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Advanced Service Business Models for Circular Economy
  • 2017
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Themanufacturing industry is moving from linear and material-intensive businessmodels toward a more circular economy that effectively uses available resourcesto enhance both profits and sustainability. This new circular economyemphasizes offering advanced services rather than pure goods. Transitioningfrom product to service sales provides multiple possibilities to introduce circular business models, where new forms of value can be created for providers, their customers, and other actors in the ecosystem by utilizing resources more efficiently.Companies need to develop the business models from a ecosystem perspective that involves effectively distributing responsibilities and closely integrating activitiesthroughout the ecosystem. In contrast, current business model practices are often too firm-centric and consider a single firm as a relevant unit, despite the fact that a network of ecosystem actors, such as providers, customers, service partners, and digital actors, are necessary to realize a total offer and for sustainability effects to materialize. Therefore,important questions about the distribution of activities, roles, cost- and revenue sharing, value creation and capture, and procurement are currently left unanswered. In sum, due to these problems, current methods for ecosystem business model development often fail to live up to the full sustainabilit ypotential of advanced services. Thus, we argue for need to develop and test method sfor circular or advanced service business models that is valid from an ecosystem perspective
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34.
  • Parida, Vinit, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Digitalisering som möjliggörare av avancerade tjänsteaffärsmodeller i småföretag i Norrland
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Entreprenörskap för en levande landsbygd. - : Familjen Kamprads stiftelse. - 9789151919775 ; , s. 117-130
  • Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • • Forskning visar att många av Norrlands småföretag är högspecialiserade och kan säkerställa framtida konkurrenskraft genom att utnyttja digitalisering och omvandling av affärsmodeller.• Företag i alla branscher, men särskilt små och medelstora företag i perifera regioner är dåligt förberedda att dra nytta av digitaliseringens potential.• Beslutsfattare, branschorganisationer och akademi behöver stödja små och medelstora företag att skapa, leverera och fånga värde genom digitalisering och avancerade tjänsteaffärsmodeller.• Flertalet småföretag i Norrland kan komma att möta en ”digital paradox” på grund av omogenhet i att bygga digitaliseringsförmågor, samarbeta i industriella ekosystem och möta förändrade kundbehov.
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35.
  • Parida, Vinit, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Reviewing Literature on Digitalization, Business Model Innovation, and Sustainable Industry : Past Achievements and Future Promises
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:2
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Digitalization is revolutionizing the way business is conducted within industrial value chains through the use of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, intensive data exchange and predictive analytics. However, technological application on its own is not enough; profiting from digitalization requires business model innovation such as making the transition to advanced service business models. Yet, many research gaps remain in analyzing how industrial companies can leverage digitalization to transform their business models to achieve sustainability benefits. Specifically, challenges related to value creation, value delivery, and value capture components of business model innovation need further understanding as well as how alignment of these components drive sustainable industry initiatives. Thus, this special issue editorial attempts to take stock of the emerging research field through a literature review and providing a synthesis of special issue contributions. In doing so, we contribute by developing a framework that communicates and sets the direction for future research by linking digitalization, business model innovation, and sustainability in industrial settings.
  •  
36.
  • Reim, Wiebke, et al. (författare)
  • Circular business model implementation: A capability development case study from the manufacturing industry
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0964-4733 .- 1099-0836. ; 30:6, s. 2745-2757
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Circular business models (CBMs) have huge potential to deliver economic, social, and environmental benefits, but CBMs have yet to be implemented widely in industrial settings. One reason is that they are often presented as one-size-fits-all solutions, but this is misplaced because product-specific criteria and company capabilities determine the correct choice and implementation of CBMs. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how CBM selection and capability development facilitates the implementation of CBMs. For this purpose, we have adopted a qualitative research approach and undertaken 25 explorative interviews in three large Swedish manufacturing companies. In this paper, a CBM implementation framework consisting of two parts has been developed. The first part addresses the choice of the appropriate CBM based on tactical configurations. The second part provides a capability development path by explicating underlying routines that need to be progressively developed in order to move smoothly to more advanced CBMs. 
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37.
  • Reim, Wiebke, et al. (författare)
  • Circular Business Models for the Bio-Economy : A Review and New Directions for Future Research
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI. - 2071-1050. ; 11:9
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Circular and bio-economy represents a political and industrial initiative to ensure that our society can rely on renewable biological sources while achieving economic growth. However, there is a need to critical review how realistic and feasible such initiatives are towards fulfilling the promised benefits of this economy. The literature on bio-economy often discusses the importance of innovative business models and their role in a successful shift to a bio-economy. Still, much of the discussion that is related to circular business models is fragmented and immature. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of circular business model activities and the barriers to a bio-economy. Further, this review provides future research directions for a shift to a bio-economy. This study is based on a systematic review of 42 scientific journal articles and book chapters on a forest-based bio-economy. The business model canvas is used to provide a structured aggregation of the existing circular business models activities being used by the forestry sector. In addition, we develop a framework that describes the barriers to bio-economy-based circular business models and suggest new directions for future research. The study highlights the need for alignment among the elements of a business model as a key condition for its successful implementation in a bio-economy
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38.
  • Reim, Wiebke, et al. (författare)
  • Global Implementation of Circular Busienss Models – Decision Support
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Spring Servitization Conference Delivering Services Growth in the Digital Era. - : Aston University. ; , s. 227-235
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Circular business models have a huge potential to lead to economic, social and environmental benefits. But in order to archive this it is crucial to reach global implementation. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to investigate how firms can assess the potential and criteria for implementing circular business models in different global markets.Design/Methodology/Approach: To reach the stated purpose, we have adopted a quantitative research approach and undertaken 25 explorative interviews in three large Swedish manufacturing companies and their global service network.Findings: In this paper, a decision support tool to choose the appropriate circular business model for global implementation has been developed that facilitates the first steps towards circular business models implementation. It identifies eleven criteria that should be analysed to decide the appropriate circular business model.Originality/Value: Circular business models have not yet reached wide implementation. One reason is that they are often presented as one fits all solutions but this is not appropriate for global implementation. Therefore, the decision tree that is developed in this paper helps companies to choose the circular business model that is most appropriate for a specific product in a specific market.
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39.
  • Reim, Wiebke, et al. (författare)
  • Servitization of global service network actors : A contingency framework for matching challenges and strategies in service transition
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 104, s. 461-471
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Servitization is a rising trend across manufacturing companies, but it is not achievable without the corresponding transition of the manufacturers’ service network. Despite the key role of service network actors, their servitization pathways are not widely understood. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to understand how diverse service network actors approach servitization under varying conditions. Findings are derived from an exploratory case study of eight service network actors for a global construction equipment manufacturer. The analysis reveals that service network actors face major capability-(lack of service provision capabilities, lack of service provision vision) and market-related challenges (unfavorable local conditions, low customer service readiness) that hinder their transformation. The analysis also reveals four unique servitization strategies (service extension, service benchmarking, digitalization, customer co-creation) that service network actors implement. A contingency framework is proposed to explain which challenges can be matched with which servitization strategies to achieve service network servitization. 
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40.
  • Reim, Wiebke (författare)
  • Towards a framework for product-service system business model implementation
  • 2018
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Manufacturing companies are increasingly focused on service-led growth to gain new revenue streams and achieve sustainable competitive advantages. In this regard, offering product-service systems (PSS) is proposed as an attractive solution for manufacturing companies to achieve economic, environmental, and social benefits. More specifically, through the integration of provider and customer operations, efficiency is increased because each party focuses on its core competencies, and operations are optimized. For example, prolonged product lifetimes and increased resource utilization are part of the sustainability achievements that can be achieved through successful PSS implementation.Still, successful implementation of PSS is rare. The business model has become acommon unit of analysis in PSS and the crucial factor that may differentiate successful and unsuccessful PSS companies. Revising business models toward PSS provision and the implementation of the PSS business model is a challenging process that constitutes a major reason why companies struggle to increase the service degree of their offerings. This thesis suggests that a better understanding of tactics, risk management, service network adjustment, and activity alignment is associated with PSS business model implementation. Therefore, the purpose of this thesis is to advance the understanding of PSS business model implementation.Comprised of a cover story and five separate but interrelated articles, this dissertation explores the implementation of product-service systems business models. The results are based on a systematic literature review and four case studies with Swedish manufacturing companies. The thesis is empirical based on 107 interviews with employees from four different manufacturing companies and eight distributers of one of the case companies.This thesis contributes to the PSS literature by proposing a four-phase PSS business model implementation framework. The framework goes beyond selecting a PSS business model to also include the configuration of related tactical sets, risk identification and management, and adjustment of the delivery practices, along with activity alignment. All phases are crucial for PSS business model implementation and therefore make specific contributions by themselves. Furthermore, by applying agency theory to mitigate adverse customer behavior, this thesis contributes to the increased legitimacy of the PSS research field.
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41.
  • Sjödin, David, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • An agile co-creation process for digital servitization : A micro-service innovation approach
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 112, s. 478-491
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we explore how manufacturing firms and their customers co-create digital service innovations in an attempt to address the digitalization paradox. We present empirical insights from a case study of four manufacturers and their customer relationships. The results suggest that value co-creation in digital servitization is best managed through an agile micro-service innovation approach. Such an approach requires incremental micro-service investments, sprint-based micro-service development, and micro-service learning by doing to ensure customized and scalable digital service offerings. The proposed agile co-creation model provides insight into the phases, activities, and organizational principles of a micro-service innovation approach. Relational teams that pool knowledge from providers’ and customers’ strategic, technological, and operational areas are crucial to ensure successful cooperation and governance for agile co-creation. This paper offers insight into how companies engage in agile co-creation processes, with important recommendations for innovation in manufacturing firms in the era of digitalization.
  •  
42.
  • Sjödin, David, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Digital Platforms to Enable Servitization : How leading manufacturers leverage digitalization to provide advanced services
  • 2018
  • Ingår i: Management of Innovation and Technology. - : Stiftelsen IMIT. - 2001-208X. ; :3, s. 10-11
  • Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
    • Swedish manufacturing firms are increasingly adopting pioneering digital technologies and analytics to support advanced service provision in an attempt to achieve sustainable competitive advantages. This article explains how a platform approach to digitalization can help manufacturers achieve both customization and operational efficiency in advanced service provision across global markets.
  •  
43.
  • Sjödin, David, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • How AI capabilities enable business model innovation : Scaling AI through co-evolutionary processes and feedback loops
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 134, s. 574-587
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Artificial intelligence (AI) is predicted to radically transform the ways manufacturing firms create, deliver, and capture value. However, many manufacturers struggle to successfully assimilate AI capabilities into their business models and operations at scale. In this paper, we explore how manufacturing firms can develop AI capabilities and innovate their business models to scale AI in digital servitization. We present empirical insights from a case study of six leading manufacturers engaged in AI. The findings reveal three sets of critical AI capabilities: data pipeline, algorithm development, and AI democratization. To scale these capabilities, firms need to innovate their business models by focusing on agile customer co-creation, data-driven delivery operations, and scalable ecosystem integration. We combine these insights into a co-evolutionary framework for scaling AI through business model innovation underscoring the mechanisms and feedback loops. We offer insights into how manufacturers can scale AI, with important implications for management.
  •  
44.
  • Sjödin, David, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • How Can Large Manufacturers Digitalize Their Business Models? A Framework for Orchestrating Industrial Ecosystems
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: California Management Review. - : Sage Publications. - 0008-1256 .- 2162-8564. ; 64:3, s. 49-77
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For manufacturers, remaining competitive depends on their ability to digitalize their business models (i.e., offer digital and digitally enhanced products and services). To achieve this, they must engage with new digital partners and help their existing suppliers, partners, and other stakeholders to digitalize. Orchestrating this growing ecosystem is challenging. Manufacturers struggle with this endeavor because of specific barriers associated with their existing legacy business model and related to their lack of digital vision, product-centric value chains, and a bias toward firm-centered profit formulas. To overcome these barriers, leading manufacturers have developed new approaches to ecosystem orchestration. 
  •  
45.
  • Sjödin, David, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • How Firms Co-Create Value In Digital Servitization: A Process View On Digitalization Relationships
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Proceedings of the Spring Servitization Conference Delivering Services Growth in the Digital Era: Spring Servitization Conference 2019 13 - 15 May 2019, Linköping, Sweden. - : Aston University.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: Digitalization is a fundamental disruptive force of Industry 4.0, which is revolutionizing the way business is conducted within industrial value chains. However, many firms are not prepared to benefit from the promise digitalization holds. A radical shift in the innovation process is required entailing increased emphasis on agility and co-creation of value through design, customization and delivery of increasingly intangible digital offerings in cooperation with their customers. Yet, literature on this topic is scarce. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how firms can co-create digital innovations with their customers to avoid the digital paradox.Design/Methodology/Approach: The present research is based on an empirical study of four providers and their customers in manufacturing industries.Findings: The results showcase the importance of aligning roles in co-creation and presents a detailed process model of ideation, development and implementation. Notably, we identify how forming dedicated joint teams at the strategic, managerial and operational levels are key to ensure appropriate cooperation and governance of co-creation engagements. We further detail how key activities for the joint teams vary over the phases of the innovation process.Originality/Value: This study contributes to the growing body of literature on value co-creation in digital servitization by providing an in-depth account of how value co-creation processes for leveraging digitalization unfolds between provider and customer. This study offers four contributions. First, this study shows that value co-creation require openness and resource dedication from both provider and customer. Second, results show that value co-creation processes are interdependent and both parties perspective should be considered in parallel to ensure alignment throughout the process. Third, value co-creation is best managed through an agile approach which requires continuous innovation over time especially in the delivery phase. Finally, using the value co-creation lens provides novel insights into the digital paradox and how to profit from complex digitally enabled advanced services.
  •  
46.
  •  
47.
  • Sjödin, David, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Relational governance strategies for advanced service provision : Multiple paths to superior financial performance in servitization
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Journal of Business Research. - : Elsevier. - 0148-2963 .- 1873-7978. ; 101, s. 906-915
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The ability of manufacturing companies to offer advanced services and achieve superior financial performance remains an open question in the servitization literature. One central question relates to how providers govern customer relationships to realize profits through servitization. This study addresses this question by unraveling the complex relations between advanced service provision, relational governance strategies, and the financial performance of manufacturing firms. Drawing on a dataset of 50 Swedish advanced service providers, this study uses a configurational comparative method—namely, fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA)—to identify the influence of configurations of governance conditions (i.e., service innovation, perceived switching costs, the attractiveness of alternatives, and explicit contracts) on firm performance. This study contributes through the identification of three alternative governance strategies that enable advanced service providers to benefit from service provision: 1) innovation governance strategy (high service innovation, low attractiveness of alternatives, and low use of explicit contracts); 2) relational governance strategy (high service innovation, high perceived switching costs, and low use of explicit contracts); and 3) market-based governance strategy (high service innovation, low perceived switching costs, high attractiveness of alternatives, and high use of explicit contracts). These results enrich the literature on servitization and advanced services by reflecting the need to apply diverse relational governance strategies. The results suggest multiple paths to superior financial performance.
  •  
48.
  • Sjödin, David, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Value Creation and Value Capture Alignment in Business Model Innovation : A Process View on Outcome‐Based Business Models
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: The Journal of product innovation management. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0737-6782 .- 1540-5885. ; 37:2, s. 158-183
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Industrial manufacturers are innovating their business models by shifting from selling products to selling outcome‐based services, where the provider (manufacturer) guarantees to deliver the performance outcomes of the products and services. This form of business model innovation requires a profound yet little understood shift in how value is created, delivered, and captured. To address this research gap, our study examines two successful and four unsuccessful cases of this shift. We find that effectiveness in business model innovation hinges on the three process phases that unfold in collaboration with the customers: value proposition definition, value provision design, and value‐in‐use delivery. We also find that that success is determined by the alignment of specific value creation and value capture activities in each phase: identifying value creation opportunities—agreeing on value distribution in value proposition definition, designing the value offering—deciding on the profit formula in the value provision design, and finally refining value creation processes—regulating incentive structures in the value‐in‐use delivery. Our process model contributes to the literature and practice on business model innovation by providing a thorough understanding of how alignment of value creation and value capture processes is ensured, whilst paying special attention to their interdependence and the interactions between provider and customer.
  •  
49.
  • Sjödin, David, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Value creation and value capture alignment in the shift to open business models
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Annual Meeting Proceedings. - : Academy of Management.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This study argues that successful shift to open business models relies on aligning value-creation and value-capture activities through interactive processes involving both provider and customer. Yet, little is known about how such processes unfold. To address these research gaps, this study examines how provider-customer relationships unfold by examining outcome-based contracts (OBC). Data from two successful and four failed OBC relationships within the manufacturing and process industry demarcates three phases in the shift to open business models - defining value potential, designing value delivery and delivering value improvements. The success or failure of each phase stems from the interplay and alignment between value creation and value capture activities specific to that phase, instead of focus on value creation in one phase and value capture in another. More precisely, the process model shows that the provider and the customer engaged in OBC relationship iterate and align between: 1) revising the value-creation logic and assessing the value-capture potential 2) formulating value-creation processes and constructing value-capture mechanisms and finally 3) enhancing value-creation activities and regulating value capture. This process model contributes to the literature streams on open business models and servitization by showing that both providers and customers needs to be actively involved in managing the dynamic interdependencies between value creation and value capturing activities in the shift to open business models and OBC.
  •  
50.
  • Sundén, Lina, 1989-, et al. (författare)
  • Ecosystem Business Models for Smart City Platforms
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: Ecosystem Business Models for Smart City Platforms.
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Initiative towards “smart cities”, where digital technologies enable infrastructure, companies and inhabitants to interact and co-create value are increasing as a consequence of urbanization and digitalization. Indeed emphasis on smart cities has attracted considerable attention in research during the last decade and traditional B2B companies are increasingly providing smart city offerings. In most cases this includes investing in a digital platform where companies can share data with ecosystem actors, such as municipalities, infrastructure owners and utility companies, and build new value-adding services for diverse categories of customers. However, many companies are uncertain about their new role and ability to offer new service business models that would create, deliver and capture value from the digital platform. Research so far provide limited insights in on how actors develop new business models and their relationship with ecosystem partners in the smart city context. Thus, this study builds on platform theory with the purpose to enhance understanding how firms aligns ecosystem actor roles for smart city business models through digital platform.  The research adopted an exploratory multiple case study design to capture insights from two industrial ecosystems in the housing and utility industries. To enhance understanding about how actors collaborate to develop smart city platforms, 35 semi-structured interviews were performed with different ecosystem actors, and were analysed using MAXQDA software. The preliminary findings reveal answers to questions like: what challenges are connected to smart city business models? And what value do different actors generate through digital platforms and how do they capture and distribute value? Further, we develop a framework connecting actor roles, to the design of the digital platform and associated business models contributing to the smart city. Thus, this study provides valuable insights to both academia and practitioners related to business models enabled by digital platforms in the smart city context. 
  •  
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