| 1. |
- K. Ljungberg, Jessica, et al.
(author)
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Attention capture by tactile deviance
- 2012
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In: THULE. - : Kungliga skytteanska samfundet. - 9789186438425 ; , s. 119-132
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Book chapter (peer-reviewed)
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| 2. |
- Körning-Ljungberg, Jessica, et al.
(author)
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An empirical investigation of the capture of attention by urgent and non-urgent alarms
- 2009
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Studies aiming to establish what constitutes an efficient auditory alarm have used subjective ratings to measure perceived urgency. Such studies have suggested that words spoken urgently are rated as more urgent than words spoken non-urgently. The present study aimed to measure objectively the potency of alarms to capture attention away from a focal task using a cross-modal oddball paradigm. Participants judged the parity of visual digits while ignoring task-irrelevant sounds. On most trials, a sine wave tone (standard) preceded each digit. On rare trials, the standard was replaced by a spoken word (novel). All novels distracted participants from the visual task, with urgent alarms yielding faster response latencies than non-urgent alarms. Subjective ratings confirmed that participants rated urgently spoken words as more urgent. Future work should examine whether our findings reflect perceptual differences between urgent and non-urgent novels, or the speeding up of visual targets by urgent novels.
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| 3. |
- Körning-Ljungberg, Jessica, et al.
(author)
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Attention captured - what constitutes a good alarm?
- 2009
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Most high risk occupations involve a stressful environment and auditory alarms designed to capture operator's attention and alert them about potential incidents. Most studies on auditory alarms have been conducted using subjective measurements to explore, for example, perceived urgency, highlighting factor such as the spoken intonation as important. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of intonation and valence on behavioral performance in using a cross-modal oddball measuring the involuntary capture of attention by sound. Participants judged if visually presented digits were odd or even while exposed to task-irrelevant sounds. In 80% of the trials, a sine wave tone (standard) preceded each digit, while on 20% of the trials the standard was replaced by a spoken word (novel). Novels varied in semantic valence (negative versus neutral) and intonation (urgent versus calm). Subjective ratings of perceived "urgency" and "attention grabbingness" were subsequently collected for these words from the same participants. The results revealed that, compared to the standard condition, all novels increased accuracy slightly and equally. Response latencies proved more sensitive, however, yielding a reduced distraction effect for urgent than non-urgent words, while the words' valence had no impact. The results from the subjective ratings on the other hand showed that both the words urgency and content increased significantly perceived "urgency" and "attention grabbingness". In conclusion, some of our findings fit well with alarm studies on alarms using subjective ratings and their assumption that subjective ratings are valuable for the design of better alarms. However, our results also highlight the lack of correspondence between subjective and objective measures of attention capture with respect to the words' content.
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| 4. |
- Körning-Ljungberg, Jessica, et al.
(author)
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Psychological effects of combined noise and whole body vibration : a review and avenues for future research
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part D, journal of automobile engineering. - 0954-4070 .- 2041-2991. ; 224:D10, s. 1289-1302
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Vehicle drivers are often exposed to noise, whole-body vibrations (WBV) and mental loads, but the knowledge of how combined effects from multiple environmental stressors affect mental load is sparse. Studies have shown that the effect of one factor may be different than the effect of two factors presented together. For example, negative combined effects have been found when people perform mental tasks (e.g., Sommer and Harris, 1973; Harris and Schoenberger, 1980), as well as in subjective ratings (e.g., Ljungberg, Neely, Lundström, 2004). Although some of the studies investigating the combined effects of noise and WBV suffer from low ecological validity and few have investigated the possible effects on higher cognitive functions. Applying methods well-known to be sensitive to sound exposures by using serial recall tasks (e.g., Jones, Madden & Miles, 1992) as well as methods developed in the studies of noise after-effects (e.g., Glass & Singer, 1972) may be a way to continue the research field of combined effects of noise and WBV
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| 5. |
- Körning-Ljungberg, Jessica, et al.
(author)
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‘What’s in a name?’ ‘No more than when it's mine own’. Evidence from auditory oddball distraction
- 2014
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In: Acta Psychologica. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-6918 .- 1873-6297. ; 150, s. 161-6
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research of the distractor value of hearing the own name has shown that this self-referring stimulus captures attention in an involuntary fashion and create distraction. The behavioral studies are few and the outcomes are not always clear cut. In this study the distraction by own name compared to a control name was investigated by using a cross-modal oddball task in two experiments. In the first experiment, thirty-nine participants were conducting a computerized categorization task while exposed to, to-be ignored own and matched control names (controlling for familiarity, gender and number of syllables) as unexpected auditory deviant stimulus (12.5% trials for each name category) and a sine wave tone as a standard stimulus (75% of the trials). In the second experiment, another group of thirty-nine participants completed the same task but with the additional deviant stimulus of an irrelevant word added (10% trials for each deviant type and 70% trials with the standard stimulus). Results showed deviant distraction by exposure to both the irrelevant word, own and the control name compared to the standard tone but no differences were found showing that the own name captured attention and distracted the participants more than an irrelevant word or a control name. The results elucidate the role of the own name as a potent auditory distractor and possible limitations with its theoretical significance for general theories of attention are discussed.
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| 6. |
- Ljungberg, Jessica K, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Cross-modal distraction by deviance : functional similarities between the auditory and tactile modalities
- 2012
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In: Experimental psychology (Göttingen). - : Hogrefe Publishing. - 1618-3169 .- 2190-5142. ; 59:6, s. 355-363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Unexpected task-irrelevant changes in the auditory or visual sensory channels have been shown to capture attention in an ineluctable manner and distract participants away from ongoing auditory or visual categorization tasks. We extend the study of this phenomenon by reporting the first within-participant comparison of deviance distraction in the tactile and auditory modalities. Using vibro-tactile-visual and auditory-visual cross-modal oddball tasks, we found that unexpected changes in the tactile and auditory modalities produced a number of functional similarities: A negative impact of distracter deviance on performance in the ongoing visual task, distraction on the subsequent trial (post-deviance distraction), and a similar decrease – but not the disappearance – of these effects across blocks. Despite these functional similarities, deviance distraction only correlated between the auditory and tactile modalities for the accuracy-based measure of deviance distraction and not for response latencies. Post-deviance distraction showed no correlation between modalities. Overall, the results suggest that behavioral deviance distraction may be underpinned by both modality-specific and multimodal mechanisms, while post-deviance distraction may predominantly relate to modality-specific processes.
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| 7. |
- Ljungberg, Jessica K., et al.
(author)
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The Impact of Intonation and Valence on Objective and Subjective Attention Capture by Auditory Alarms
- 2012
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In: Human Factors. - : Sage Publications. - 0018-7208 .- 1547-8181. ; 54:5, s. 826-837
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective:The objective was to study the involuntary capture of attention by spoken words varying in intonation and valence.Background:In studies of verbal alarms, the propensity of alarms to capture attention has been primarily assessed with the use of subjective ratings of their perceived urgency. Past studies suggest that such ratings vary with the alarms’ spoken urgency and content.Method:We measured attention capture by spoken words varying in valence (negative vs. neutral) and intonation (urgently vs. nonurgently spoken) through subjective ratings and behavioral measures. The key behavioral measure was the response latency to visual stimuli in the presence of spoken words breaking away from the periodical repetition of a tone.Results:The results showed that all words captured attention relative to a baseline standard tone but that this effect was partly counteracted by a relative speeding of responses for urgently compared with nonurgently spoken words. Word valence did not affect behavioral performance. Rating data showed that both intonation and valence increased significantly perceived urgency and attention grabbing without any interaction.Conclusion:The data suggest a congruency between subjective ratings and behavioral performance with respect to spoken intonation but not valence.Application:This study demonstrates the usefulness and feasibility of objective measures of attention capture to help design efficient alarm systems.
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| 8. |
- Ljungberg, Jessica K., et al.
(author)
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The Informational Constraints of Behavioral Distraction by Unexpected Sounds : The Role of Event Information
- 2012
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In: Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory and Cognition. - Washington : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0278-7393 .- 1939-1285. ; 38:5, s. 1461-1468
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Sounds deviating from an otherwise repeated stream of task-irrelevant auditory stimuli (deviant sounds among standard sounds) are known to capture attention and impact negatively on ongoing behavioral performance (behavioral oddball distraction). Traditional views consider such distraction as the ineluctable consequence of the deviant sounds’ low probability of occurrence relative to that of the standard.Contrary to this contention, recent evidence demonstrates that distraction by deviant sounds is not obligatory and occurs only when sounds (standards and deviants), though to be ignored, act as useful warning cues by providing information as to whether and when a target stimulus is to be presented (Parmentier, Elsley, & Ljungberg, 2010). The present study aimed to extend this finding by disentangling the roles of event information (target’s probability of occurrence) and temporal information (target’s time of occurrence). Comparing performance in a cross-modal oddball task where standard and deviant sounds provided temporal information, event information, both, or none, we found that distraction by deviant sounds emerged when sounds conveyed event information. These results suggest that unexpected changes in a stream of sounds yield behavioral distraction to the extent that standards and deviants carry relevant goal-directed information, specifically, the likelihood of occurrence of an upcoming target.
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| 9. |
- Ljungberg K., Jessica, 1971-, et al.
(author)
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Any Tom, Dick, or Harry will do : Hearing one's own name distracts no more than any other in a cross-modal oddball task
- 2014
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In: Abstracts of the psychonomic Society. ; , s. 115-115
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Research of the distractor value of hearing the own name has shown that this self-referring stimulus captures attention in an involuntary fashion and creates distraction. The behavioral studies are few and the outcomes are not always clear cut. In this study, the distraction by 'own names' compared to control names (controlling for familiarity, gender and number of syllables) or matched neutral words was investigated in 2 experiments using a cross-modal oddball task. Participants completed a visual categorization task while exposed to either a sine wave tone as a standard stimulus (75% of thetrials) or unexpected auditory deviants (12.5% trials for eachname category in Experiment 1, and 10 % for each name category and for words in Experiment 2). Results showed deviant distraction by exposure to both the irrelevant word, own and the control name compare to the standard tone but no differences were found showing that the own name captured attention and distracted the participants more than an irrelevant word or a control name. The results elucidate the role of the own name as a potent auditory distractor and possible limitations with its theoretical significance for general theories of attention are discussed.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Marsja, Erik, 1981-, et al.
(author)
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Deviance Distraction Is Contingent on Stimuli Being Presented Within the Same Modality
- 2014
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In: Abstracts of the Psychomic Society. - : The Psychonomic Society. ; , s. 101-101
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sudden and unexpected changes in the auditory and visual channel are known to capture attention. This attention capture has been shown to negatively impact performance in an ongoing task (i.e., deviance distraction). In three experiments we examined if deviant stimuli presented in a different modality than astandard stimuli caused distraction in a visual categorization task, using a multi-sensory oddball task. In two experiments a deviant sound was presented (20 % of trials) against 80 % vibrotactile standard trials. In one the standard was omitted on deviating sound trials, while in the other the standard and deviants were presented simultaneously. In the third experiment the standard vibration was omitted in 20 % of the trials without any presentation of a deviant sound. Results showed distraction by deviating sounds (p < .05), but not when standard vibrations were presented simultaneously (p >.05). Interestingly, the omission of a standard vibration showed distraction (p < .05). In conclusion, deviance distraction might be bound to within rather than between modalities.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Parmentier, Fabrice B. R., et al.
(author)
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A behavioral study of distraction by vibrotactile novelty
- 2011
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In: Journal of Experimental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0096-1523 .- 1939-1277. ; 37:4, s. 1134-1139
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Past research has demonstrated that the occurrence of unexpected task-irrelevant changes in the auditory or visual sensory channels captured attention in an obligatory fashion, hindering behavioral performance in ongoing auditory or visual categorization tasks and generating orientation and re-orientation electrophysiological responses. We report the first experiment extending the behavioral study of cross-modal distraction to tactile novelty. Using a vibrotactile-visual cross-modal oddball task and a bespoke hand-arm vibration device, we found that participants were significantly slower at categorizing the parity of visually presented digits following a rare and unexpected change in vibrotactile stimulation (novelty distraction), and that this effect extended to the subsequent trial (postnovelty distraction). These results are in line with past research on auditory and visual novelty and fit the proposition of common and amodal cognitive mechanisms for the involuntary detection of change.
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| 16. |
- Parmentier, Fabrice B.R., et al.
(author)
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Behavioral distraction by auditory novelty is not only about novelty : the role of the distracter’s informational value
- 2010
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In: Cognition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-0277 .- 1873-7838. ; 115:3, s. 504-511
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Unexpected events often distract us. In the laboratory, novel auditory stimuli have been shown to capture attention away from a focal visual task and yield specific electrophysiological responses as well as a behavioral cost to performance. Distraction is thought to follow ineluctably from the sound’s low probability of occurrence or, put more simply, its unexpected occurrence. Our study challenges this view with respect to behavioral distraction and argues that past research failed to identify the informational value of sound as a mediator of novelty distraction. We report an experiment showing that (1) behavioral novelty distraction is only observed when the sound announces the occurrence and timing of an upcoming visual target (as is the case in all past research); (2) that no such distraction is observed for deviant sounds conveying no such information; and that (3) deviant sounds can actually facilitate performance when these, but not the standards, convey information. We conclude that behavioral novelty distraction, as observed in oddball tasks, is observed in the presence of novel sounds but only when the cognitive system can take advantage of the auditory distracters to optimize performance.
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| 17. |
- Parmentier, Fabrice, et al.
(author)
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The involuntary capture of attention by novel sounds : is it really about novelty?
- 2009
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In: APCAM 2009.
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Unexpected events often distract us. In the laboratory, novel auditory stimuli have been shown to capture attention away from a focal visual task and yield specific electrophysiological responses as well as a behavioral cost to performance. This phenomenon is thought to follow ineluctably from the sound's low probability of occurrence or, put more simply, its unexpected occurrence. Our study challenges this view and argues that past research failed to identify the informational value of sound as a mediator of novelty distraction. We report an experiment showing that (1) novelty distraction is only observed when the sound announces the occurrence and timing of an upcoming visual target (as is the case in all past research); (2) that no such distraction is observed for deviant sounds conveying no such information; and that (3) deviant sounds can actually facilitate performance when these, but not the standards, convey information. We conclude that novelty distraction is observed in the presence of novel sounds but only when the cognitive system can take advantage of the auditory distracters to optimize performance.
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