| 1. |
- Hassila, C.J., et al.
(författare)
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Potential of nitrogen atomized alloy 625 in the powder bed fusion laser beam process
- 2022
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Ingår i: Materials & design. - : Elsevier. - 0264-1275 .- 1873-4197. ; 221, s. 110928-110928
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Powder based metal additive manufacturing processes like Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam utilize gasatomized metal powders as feedstock material. Typically, for nickel-based alloys such as Alloy 625, argongas is used during the atomization process. Considering the larger environmental impact of argon gascompared to nitrogen gas, and the increasing use of gas atomized metal powders, the environmentalimpact of powder based additive manufacturing techniques could be mitigated if gas atomization ofalloys such as Alloy 625 using nitrogen was possible. This work investigates the feasibility of tailoringan alloy to allow atomization using nitrogen gas while remaining within the Alloy 625 specification.This is achieved by limiting the nitrogen pick-up during the atomization process, primarily by reducingthe titanium content. The metallurgical implications of this tailored alloy and the subsequent atomizationusing nitrogen, as well as the attained microstructure from the Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam processis investigated and compared to a more common 625 alloy composition which was atomized usingargon. Furthermore, the microstructural development of the alloys after heat treatments are evaluated.Lastly corrosive properties, as well as tensile and impact properties are evaluated both in the as-builtand hot isostatic pressed condition.
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| 2. |
- Larsson, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Biocompatibility of a Zr-Based Metallic Glass Enabled by Additive Manufacturing
- 2022
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Ingår i: ACS Applied Bio Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2576-6422. ; 5:12, s. 5741-5753
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present work explored the use of the selective laser melting (SLM) technique to develop a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) and investigate the influence of the process parameters on obtaining different levels of surface roughness. Moreover, the potential of the additively manufactured BMG Zr59.3Cu28.8Al10.4Nb1.5 (trade name AMLOY-ZR01) as an implant material was studied by evaluating the osteoblastic cell response to the alloy and its stability under simulated biological environments. The materials were characterized in terms of degree of crystallinity, surface roughness, and morphology, followed by a systematic investigation of the response of the MC3T3-E1 preosteoblastic cell line to the as-printed samples. The materials supported cell proliferation and differentiation of the preosteoblastic cells, with results comparable to the reference material Ti-6Al-4V. The surface microroughness and surface morphology (porous or groove-type laser tracks) investigated in this study did not have a significant effect on modulating the cell response. Ion release experiments showed a large increase in ion release under inflammatory conditions as compared to regular physiological conditions, which could be attributed to the increased local corrosion under inflammatory conditions. The findings in this work showed that the surface roughness of the additively manufactured BMG AMLOY-ZR01 can be tailored by controlling the laser power applied during the SLM process. The favorable cell response to the as-printed AMLOY-ZR01 represents of a significant advancement of the investigation of additively manufactured BMGs for orthopedic applications, while the results of the ion release study highlights the effect that inflammatory conditions could have on the degradation of the alloy.
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| 3. |
- Ma, Li, et al.
(författare)
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Passivation mechanisms and pre-oxidation effects on model surfaces of FeCrNi austenitic stainless steel
- 2020
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Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Passivation mechanisms were investigated on (100)-oriented Fe-18Cr-13Ni surfaces with direct transfer between surface preparation and analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning tunneling microscopy and electrochemical characterization. Starting from oxide-free surfaces, pre-oxidation at saturation under ultra-low pressure (ULP) oxygen markedly promotes the oxide film Cr(III) enrichment and hinders/delays subsequent iron oxidation in water-containing environment. Exposure to sulfuric acid at open circuit potential causes preferential dissolution of oxidized iron species. Anodic passivation forces oxide film re-growth, Cr(III) dehydroxylation and further enrichment. ULP pre-oxidation promotes Cr(III) hydroxide formation at open circuit potential, compactness of the nanogranular oxide film and corrosion protection.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Paschalidou, Eirini-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Corrosion studies on multicomponent CoCrFeMnNi(C) thin films in acidic environments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The corrosion resistances of near equimolar CoCrFeMnNi magnetron-sputtered thin films with different carbon concentrations were examined in 0.05 M HCl and 0.05 M H2SO4. Polarization curves were recorded with different scan rates with and without reducing the native oxide. The results showed that the carbon concentration and the experimental conditions affected the electrochemical behaviour mainly in the Cr transpassive region. At potentials above 850 mV, the carbon-containing films were more corrosion resistant in 0.05 M HCl than in 0.05 M H2SO4 due to a lower carbon oxidation rate in 0.05 M HCl, facilitating the formation of a Mn-rich oxide layer. (C)& nbsp;2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.& nbsp;
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| 6. |
- Paschalidou, Eirini-Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of the Nb concentration on the corrosion resistance of nitrogen-containing multicomponent TiZrTaNb-based films in acidic environments
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Alloys and Compounds. - : Elsevier. - 0925-8388 .- 1873-4669. ; 927
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multicomponent as well as high-entropy-based nitrides have received increasing interest in the field of materials science and engineering. The structural characteristics of these compounds result in a mix of covalent, metallic, and ionic bonds that give rise to a number of attractive properties including high hardness, electrical and thermal conductivities as well as chemical stability. These properties render these materials promising candidates for various industrial applications involving harsh operating conditions. Herein, the corrosion resistances of dc magnetron sputtered nitrogen-containing TiZrTaNby thin films with Nb content ranging from 8.0 to 24.5 at% have been investigated to provide insights regarding the corrosion resistances of multicomponent systems containing more than one passive element. The corrosion resistances and anodic behavior of the films were examined by electrochemical means in 0.1 M H2SO4 and 0.1 M HCl solutions. The results demonstrate that despite the significant differences in the concentration of one of the two main passive elements in the films i.e., Nb, the corrosion resistance did not differ significantly between the films. To provide insights into this phenomenon, the surface chemical state and composition of the prepared films were probed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was shown that all samples exhibited Ta-rich surfaces after positive polarization up to 3.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl) as a result of the anodic dissolution of Zr and Ti. The thickness of the oxide layer formed upon different anodic polarization was studied using transmission electron microscopy, while complementary electrochemical impedance studies were performed. The extent of Nb dissolution from the surface of the films was, on the other hand, found to be small. These findings highlight the dominant role of Ta in the passivation of the films and demonstrate the minor effect of Nb concentration on the corrosion resistances of the films. However, it was demonstrated that the presence of Nb was still important for the corrosion resistance of the films above 1.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl (3 M NaCl), when replacing Nb with Cr, due to transpassive dissolution of Cr. These results facilitate the design of highly corrosion resistant multicomponent nitrides containing more than one passive element.
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| 7. |
- Shu, Rui, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of nitrogen content on microstructure and corrosion resistance of sputter-deposited multicomponent (TiNbZrTa)Nx films
- 2020
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multicomponent (TiNbZrTa)Nx films were deposited on Si(100) substrates at room temperature using magnetron sputtering with a nitrogen flow ratio fN [fN = N2/(Ar + N2)], which was varied from 0 to 30.8%. The nitrogen content in the films varied between 0 and 45.2 at.%, i.e., x = 0 to 0.83. The microstructure was characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The metallic TiNbZrTa film comprised a dominant bcc solid-solution phase, whereas a single NaCl-type face-centred cubic structure was observed in all nitrogen-containing films (TiNbZrTa)Nx. The mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties of these films varied with nitrogen content. The maximum hardness was achieved at 22.1 ± 0.3 GPa when N = 43.0 at.%. The resistivities increased from 95 to 424 μΩcm with increasing nitrogen content. A detailed study of the variation of morphology and chemical bonding with nitrogen content was performed and the corrosion resistance of the TiNbZrTa nitride films was explored in 0.1 M H2SO4. While all the films had excellent corrosion resistances at potentials up to 2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, the metallic film and the films with low nitrogen contents (x < 0.60) exhibited an almost stable current plateau up to 4.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. For the films with higher nitrogen contents (x ≥ 0.68), the current plateau was retained up to 2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, above which a higher nitrogen content resulted in a higher current. The decrease in the corrosion resistance at these high potentials indicate the presence of a potential-dependent activation effect resulting in an increased oxidation rate of the nitrides (present under the passive oxide film) yielding a release of nitrogen from the films. TEM results indicate that the oxide layer formed after this corrosion measurement was thick and porous for the film with x = 0.76, in very good agreement with the increased corrosion rate for this film. The results demonstrate that an increased nitrogen content in (TiNbZrTa)Nx system improves their mechanical properties with retained high corrosion resistance at potentials up to 2.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl in 0.1 M H2SO4. At even higher potentials, however, the corrosion resistance decreases with increasing nitrogen concentration for films with sufficiently high nitrogen contents (i.e. x ≥ 0.68).
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| 8. |
- Shu, Rui, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure and mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties of sputter-deposited multicomponent (TiNbZrTa)N-x coatings
- 2020
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Ingår i: Surface & Coatings Technology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA. - 0257-8972 .- 1879-3347. ; 389
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A series of (TiNbZrTa)Nx coatings with a thickness of similar to 1.1 mu m were deposited using reactive magnetron sputtering with segmented targets. The deposition temperature was varied from room temperature to 700 degrees C resulting in coatings with different microstructures. The coatings were characterized by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, compositional analysis, and X-ray diffraction. Effects of the deposition temperature on the electrical, mechanical and corrosion properties were studied with four-point probe, nanoindentation and potentiodynamic polarization measurements, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses reveal a gradual change in the chemical state of all elements with increasing growth temperature from nitridic at room temperature to metallic at 700 degrees C. A NaCl-type structure with (001) preferred orientation was observed in the coating deposited at 400 degrees C, while an hcp structure was found for the coatings deposited above 400 degrees C. The resistivities of the TiNbZrTa nitride coatings were found to be around 200 mu Ocm. In 0.1 M H2SO4 aqueous solution, a corrosion current density of 2.8 x 10(-8) A/cm(2) and a passive behaviour up to 1.5 V vs. Ag/AgCl were found for the most corrosion resistant coating. The latter corrosion current is about two orders of magnitude lower than that found for a reference hyper-duplex stainless steel.
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| 9. |
- von Fieant, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-component (Al,Cr,Nb,Y,Zr)N thin films by reactive magnetron sputter deposition for increased hardness and corrosion resistance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier BV. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 693
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Multi-component nitride thin films in the Al-Cr-Nb-Y-Zr system with non-equimolar composition have been deposited by reactive dc magnetron sputtering. The substrate temperature and substrate bias have been varied, from room temperature to 700 degrees C and from 0 to -200 V respectively. The relationship between these varied growth conditions on the structure, morphology, mechanical and corrosion properties of the films have been probed. All films consisted of a single solid solution with a NaCl-type structure, as shown by X-ray diffraction. However, elemental energy dispersive spectroscopy maps, obtained in the scanning transmission electron microscope, indicated that there could be partial segregation of Al, Cr and Y atoms within the grains. The microstructure of the films became denser, more fine-grained and smoother as the bias and temperature were increased. Nanoindentation showed that the hardness of the films increased with both bias and temperature, reaching a maximum of 27 +/- 2 GPa. The corrosion resistance of the films, studied by performing potentiodynamic polarisation curves in 1 M HCl, was also found to be improved when compared to a commercially available hyper-duplex stainless steel and a ternary reference (Nb,Zr)N thin film as well.
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| 10. |
- Zendejas Medina, León, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Extending the Passive Region of CrFeNi-Based High Entropy Alloys
- 2023
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Ingår i: Advanced Functional Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1616-301X .- 1616-3028. ; 33:51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study provides principles for designing new corrosion resistant high entropy alloys. The theoretical framework is a percolation model developed by Newman and Sieradzki that predicts the ability of an alloy to passivate, i.e., to form a protective surface oxide, based on its composition. Here, their model is applied to more complex materials than previously, namely amorphous CrFeNiTa and CrFeNiW alloys. Furthermore, the model describes a more complex passivation process: reforming the oxide layer above the transpassive potential of Cr. The model is used to predict the lowest concentration of Ta or W required to extend the passive region, yielding 11–14 at% Ta and 14–17 at% W. For CrFeNiTa, experiments reveal a threshold value of 13–15 at% Ta, which agrees with the prediction. For CrFeNiW, the experimentally determined threshold value is 37–45 at% W, far above the predicted value. Further investigations explore why the percolation model fails to describe the CrFeNiW system; key factors are the higher nobility and the pH sensitivity of W. These results demonstrate some limitations of the percolation model and offer complementary passivation criteria, while providing a design route for combining the properties of the 3d transition metal and refractory metal groups.
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