| 1. |
- Asaba, Eric, et al.
(författare)
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Engaging occupations among persons at risk for stroke : A health paradox
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 29:2, s. 116-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: An occupational perspective in stroke prevention could support sustainable changes in habits and routines that could contribute to reduce modifiable risk factors. Aim: To explore engaging occupation in relation to risk for stroke by drawing on experiences from everyday life among persons with a heightened risk for stroke. Material and methods: Interviews from 14 persons with an increased risk for stroke were analysed by a constant comparative approach. Findings: The analysis resulted in the core category; the paradox of engaging occupations and health. The paradox involved aspects of engaging occupations that could provide well-being and at the same time were compromising considering stroke health. Conclusions and significance: The paradox conceptually challenges some of the core values inherent in occupational therapy regarding the relationship between engaging occupations, health and well-being. Gaining a deeper understanding of experiences of occupations and studying this in relation to health promoting or compromising characteristics of occupations, can facilitate lifestyle programs that support changes in everyday life. Moreover, programs need to be designed to offer personal relevance and to facilitate a positive balance between health compromising occupations and health promoting occupations in everyday life.
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| 2. |
- Bartels, Sara Lauren, et al.
(författare)
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Do you observe what I perceive? : The relationship between two perspectives on the ability of people with cognitive impairments to use everyday technology
- 2019
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Ingår i: Aging & Mental Health. - : Routledge. - 1360-7863 .- 1364-6915. ; 24:8, s. 1295-1305
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Everyday technologies (ETs) can be challenging to use, particularly for older adults with cognitive impairments. This study evaluated the relationship between the self-perceived ability to use ET and observable performance of self-chosen and familiar, but challenging ETs in people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.Method: A self-perceived report, the Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire (S-ETUQ), and a structured observational tool, the Management of Everyday Technology Assessment (META), assessing the perceived and observed ability to use ET, were used in 41 people with MCI and 38 people with dementia. Correlations were investigated with non-parametric statistical tests.Results: In the dementia group, self-perceived report and observational scores correlated on a significant medium level (Rs=0.44, p = 0.006). In the MCI group, no significant correlation was found.Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest the ability of older adults with cognitive impairments to use ETs can be depicted with self-perceived reports as well as with observations. However, the combination of both approaches is recommended to get a comprehensive picture. While the S-ETUQ provides a broad picture of the use, presence and relevance of technologies in an individual’s life, the META describes a specific human-technology interaction in detail. Furthermore, the results suggest people with early dementia retain the ability and insight to accurately reflect on their own ability to use ET, emphasizing the need to include their experiences in research and clinical work.
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| 3. |
- Chee, Derserri Yan-Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Driving Behaviour Profile of Drivers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 47:9, s. 2658-2670
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The symptomatology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can make driving risky, but little is known about the on-road driving behaviour of individuals with ASD. This study assessed and compared the on-road driving performance of drivers with and without ASD, and explored how the symptomatology of ASD hinders or facilitates on-road driving performance. Sixteen drivers with ASD and 21 typically-developed drivers participated in the study. Drivers with ASD underperformed in vehicle manoeuvring, especially at left-turns, right-turns and pedestrian crossings. However, drivers with ASD outperformed the TD group in aspects related to rule-following such as using the indicator at roundabouts and checking for cross-traffic when approaching intersections. Drivers with ASD in the current study presented with a range of capabilities and weaknesses during driving.
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| 4. |
- Chee, Derserri Yan-Ting, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the driving performance of drivers with and without autism spectrum disorders under complex driving conditions
- 2019
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 41:1, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the driving performance of drivers with autism spectrum disorders under complex driving conditions.Method: Seventeen drivers with autism spectrum disorders and 18 typically developed drivers participated in a driving simulator trial. Prior to the assessment, participants completed the Driving Behaviour Questionnaire and measurements of cognitive and visual-motor ability. The driving simulation involved driving in an urban area with dense traffic and unpredictable events.Results: In comparison with the typically developed group, drivers with autism spectrum disorders reported significantly more lapses in driving, committed more mistakes on the driving simulator, and were slower to react in challenging situations, such as driving through intersections with abrupt changes in traffic lights. However, they were also less likely to tailgate other vehicles, as measured by time-to-collision between vehicles, on the driving simulator.Conclusions: The performances of licensed drivers with autism spectrum disorders appeared to be safer in respect to car-following distance but were poorer in their response to challenging traffic situations. Driver education for individuals with autism spectrum disorders should focus on quick identification of hazards, prompt execution of responses, and effective allocation of attention to reduce lapses in driving.
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| 5. |
- Kaptain, Rina Juel, et al.
(författare)
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Juggling the management of everyday life activities in persons living with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0963-8288 .- 1464-5165. ; 44:14, s. 3410-3421
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Evidence regarding everyday life activities in people living with COPD is limited. Such evidence can improve our understanding when designing interventions for pulmonary rehabilitation that aim at increasing or maintaining participation in these activities. The aim of this study was to describe how people living with COPD experience and manage everyday life activities.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The sample comprised four males and four females with an age ranging from 65-87 years. Participants were interviewed in their own homes regarding experiences of performing and managing everyday life activities. Data were transcribed verbatim and analysed using content analysis.RESULTS: Findings from this study comprised the theme "Juggling to manage everyday life activities with COPD" and three categories representing the elements of this theme: (1) consequences of COPD symptoms, (2) adjustment of activities, and (3) contextual aspects.CONCLUSION: This study found the participants with COPD juggling the management of everyday life activities. The juggle generated a manageable daily life, which came at the expense of making deliberate choices and prioritizing everyday life activities that were necessary for participation in valued and engaging activities in order to maintain health and well-being. Implications for Rehabilitation People living with COPD experience a complex juggling between the consequences of COPD symptoms and contextual aspects when managing everyday life activities. The participants had largely accepted their disease and adjusted to their situation. The disease was still described as frustrating and generated less focus on making deliberate choices and prioritizing everyday life activities that are necessary for participation in valued and engaging activities. Health professionals need to support people living with COPD in making deliberate choices in order to continue participating in valued and engaging everyday life activities as they affect health and well-being. Pulmonary rehabilitation should focus more on supporting participation in social relations and on using everyday technologies.
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| 6. |
- Kaptain, Rina Juel, et al.
(författare)
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New Insights into Activities of Daily Living Performance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. - : Dove Medical Press. - 1176-9106 .- 1178-2005. ; 16, s. 1-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: There have been calls for more knowledge of activities of daily living (ADL) performance in order to address interventions in pulmonary rehabilitation effectively. Everyday technology (ET) has become an integrated dimension of ADL, impacting the ways in which ADL is performed. To improve everyday functioning and quality of life, the use of ADL and ET use needs to be evaluated and addressed effectively in interventions. Therefore, the aim of this study was twofold: 1) to explore the quality of ADL performance, and 2) to investigate the relationship between observation and self-reported ADL performance and ability to use everyday technologies in people living with COPD.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 84 participants aged 46-87 years. Participants were recruited through healthcare centres in the Northern Region of Denmark using a convenience sampling procedure. Data were collected using standardized assessments that investigated different ADL perspectives: self-reported ADL tasks and ET use, observed motor and process ability, and need for assistance. Data were analysed and presented using descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation coefficient.Results: The most affected ADL tasks were mobility within or outside the home, lower dressing, bathing, pedicuring, cooking, shopping, cleaning and washing clothes. New insights into the quality of ADL performance in people living with COPD were presented in terms of detailed ADL motor skills and ADL process skills, as well as the predicted need for support to function in the community. Moreover, new insights into the relationship between observation and self-reported ADL performance (r=0.546, p<0.01; r=0.297, p<0.01) and between ADL performance and self-perceived ability to use ET (r=0.524, p<0.01; r=0.273, p<0.05; r=0.044, p=0.692) were presented.Conclusion: Overall, the knowledge from the present study is valuable for focusing interventions that address challenging ADL performance and ET use through relevant and realistic activities. The ability to use ET is important to evaluate and target pulmonary rehabilitation.
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| 7. |
- Malinowsky, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the technological landscape over time : Relevance and difficulty levels of everyday technologies as perceived by older adults with and without cognitive impairment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Technology and Disability. - : IOS Press. - 1055-4181 .- 1878-643X. ; 27:3, s. 91-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Everyday technology, ET (e.g. computers, TV's and vending machines) perceived as relevant and used in everyday activities change continuously. Not being able to keep up with these changes may hinder participation in activities.OBJECTIVE: To investigate stability and change in perceived relevance of ET, and in levels of perceived ET difficulty across two different occasions in time and between two similar samples of older adults with and without cognitive impairment.METHODS: Data of perceived relevance and difficulty in ET use in the samples (n = 157/118), collected with the Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire (ETUQ) was investigated.RESULTS: Thirty-three (70%) of the ETs in the ETUQ significantly increased in relevance, while the perceived levels of difficulty were statistically similar in 40/47 ETs (85%) across the two time occasions.CONCLUSIONS: The perceived relevance of ET among older adults with and without cognitive impairment was indicated to increase over time, but the levels of perceived levels of difficulty of ETs did not change as much. This knowledge could be used to support and facilitate ET use in the aging population, and in general to influence society's view of older people as active users of ET in activities at home and in public spaces.
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| 8. |
- Malinowsky, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in the technological landscape over time : everyday technologies relevance and difficulty levels as perceived by older adults with and without cognitive impairment
- 2015
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Ingår i: Technology and Disability. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society. - 1055-4181.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Everyday technology, ET (e.g. computers, TV's and vending machines) perceived as relevant and used in everyday activities change continuously. Not being able to keep up with these changes may hinder participation in activities. OBJECTIVE: To investigate stability and change in perceived relevance of ET, and in levels of perceived ET difficulty across two different occasions in time and between two similar samples of older adults with and without cognitive impairment. METHODS: Data of perceived relevance and difficulty in ET use in the samples (n= 157/118), collected with the Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire (ETUQ) was investigated. RESULTS: Thirty-three (70%) of the ETs in the ETUQ significantly increased in relevance, while the perceived levels of difficulty were statistically similar in 40/47 ETs (85%) across the two time occasions. CONCLUSIONS: The perceived relevance of ET among older adults with and without cognitive impairment was indicated to increase over time, but the levels of perceived levels of difficulty of ETs did not change as much. This knowledge could be used to support and facilitate ET use in the aging population, and in general to influence society's view of older people as active users of ET in activities at home and in public spaces.
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| 9. |
- Mälstam, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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Incorporating new ways of doing by learning from everyday experiences and interactions using a multifactorial mHealth app
- 2023
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Ingår i: Digital Health. - : SAGE. - 2055-2076. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Digital health innovations can support the prevention and management of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as stroke. However, little is known about people's everyday experiences of digitally augmented stroke-prevention programmes combining onsite group sessions including peers and healthcare professionals with interaction and support from a multifactorial mHealth app. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore how people with stroke risk experienced interaction with a multifactorial mHealth app as support in the make my day stroke-prevention programme. Methods: Repeated interviews and observations with 12 adults with moderate to high stroke risk were analysed using a constant comparative method informed by constructive grounded theory. Results: Incorporating new ways of doing into everyday life involves a process through which participants learn from both being and doing in different environments (e.g., digital, physical and social). Digital self-monitoring combined with seemingly trivial everyday experiences played central roles in the process of increasing awareness of health and stroke risks, and providing tools to support increased self-reflection on everyday behaviours. Adoption of positive health behaviours in everyday life was supported or hindered by how easy to use and personally relevant the mHealth app was perceived to be. Conclusions: An experience-based group programme together with a personally relevant multifactorial mHealth app can be supportive in stroke prevention to increase general health literacy and stroke risk literacy, and promote the incorporation of new ways of doing in everyday life. Routines of doing digital self-monitoring and health-promoting activities were however strongly influenced by different environments in which choices are presented. It is therefore important to explore how both self-monitoring and health-promoting activities can be incorporated into everyday routines for different individuals. Research should also explore how personally relevant mHealth can be developed and integrated into prevention practices in primary healthcare.
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| 10. |
- Mälstam, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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The Feasibility of Make My Day—A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial of a Stroke Prevention Program in Primary Healthcare
- 2023
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 20:19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Incorporating and sustaining engaging everyday activities (EEAs) in everyday life holds potential for improving health and wellbeing; thus, there is reason to explore EEAs as a behavioral change technique in stroke prevention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of the stroke prevention program Make My Day (MMD) for people with moderate-to-high risk for stroke in a primary healthcare setting, where EEAs are utilized to promote healthy activity patterns. A randomized controlled pilot trial was designed to evaluate the feasibility of MMD. Twenty-nine persons at risk for stroke were recruited and randomized into either an intervention group (n = 14) receiving MMD or a control group (n = 15) receiving brief health advice and support with goal setting. The results suggest that MMD is feasible, with timely recruitment, overall high response rates and study completion, and sensitivity to change in key outcome measures. Moreover, the results demonstrate that the application of EEAs can be useful for promoting behavioral change in stroke prevention. Recommendations for improvements for a full-scale trial include recruiting a relevant sample, using reliability- and validity-tested outcome measures, and implementing strategies to limit missing data.
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| 11. |
- Mälstam, Emelie, et al.
(författare)
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'Weaving lifestyle habits' : Complex pathways to health for persons at risk for stroke.
- 2022
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 29:2, s. 152-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: It is important to understand how healthy lifestyle habits can be developed as they are essential in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. There is limited knowledge regarding whether, and how, engaging occupations (things that people do and occupy themselves with) can promote and help sustain healthy lifestyle habits for persons at risk for CVDs, including stroke.AIM: The aim was to develop knowledge of how engaging in occupations can contribute to changes in lifestyle habits among persons at risk for stroke.METHODS: Six adults presenting with stroke risk factors were interviewed on several occasions after participating in an occupation-focused stroke prevention programme. Grounded theory was utilised, and constant comparative methods guided the analysis.FINDINGS: Changing lifestyle habits was perceived as a complex process, much like weaving a fabric with many parallel and interlacing threads. Literacy of both health and occupations and participation in engaging occupations were important facilitators for promoting healthy lifestyle habits, yet engagement in health-promoting occupations was described as conditioned behaviour.CONCLUSIONS: CVD prevention programmes can benefit from incorporating engaging occupations to promote healthy lifestyle habits and literacy of health and occupations. However, contextual factors conditioning health and occupations should be considered when developing and implementing sustainable interventions.
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| 12. |
- Patomella, Ann-Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Characteristics of residents who thrive in nursing home environments : a cross-sectional study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 72:9, s. 2153-2161
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. To describe what characterizes residents with higher levels compared with those with lower levels of thriving in nursing homes using the Thriving of Older People Assessment Scale. Background. Thriving is conceptualized as people's experiences of well-being in relation to the environment where they live. Thriving has the potential to emphasize health-promotion and positive experiences in nursing home residents in addition to current focus on illness and symptoms. Design. Cross-sectional design. Methods. Data from a total sample of 191 residents in a large Swedish nursing home facility were separated into two groups; rated as having high and low thriving based on a median split of thriving total score for each participating resident. The characteristics of residents with higher and lower levels of thriving were compared using bivariate analyses to investigate differences. Data were collected in 2013. Results. Residents with higher levels of thriving had shorter length of stay at the facility, higher functioning in Activities of Daily Living and less cognitive impairment, lower frequency of behavioural and psychological symptoms and higher assessed quality of life. The ability to walk and possibilities to spend time outdoors were higher among those with higher levels of thriving. Conclusion. Nursing home residents who experience thriving have a higher level of functioning in activities of daily living, a higher quality of life and are less physically and cognitively impaired.
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| 13. |
- Patomella, Ann-Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Design and management features of everyday technology that challenge older adults
- 2013
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Ingår i: British Journal of Occupational Therapy. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society. - 0308-0226.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The management of everyday technologies could present too difficult a challenge for older adults with cognitive impairments, leading to their exclusion from participation. The present study aims to identify and describe features that make everyday technologies more or less difficult for older adults, whether with or without cognitive difficulties. Methods: A pre-existent, empirically generated hierarchy of more to less difficult everyday technologies was analysed. A mixed methods design was used to investigate predefined assumptions. Findings: Correlation analysis indicated that the more difficult everyday technologies required a higher frequency of skill actions; a positive correlation between the difficulty of an everyday technology and the need to perform actions in a logical sequence when using it was identified. The analysis indicated that feedback provided to users by less difficult everyday technologies consisted of different modes of stimuli (visual, auditory and tactile), while that from more difficult everyday technologies provided a high frequency of complex visual feedback. The less difficult everyday technologies were designed in a manner that was more intuitive; the design guided the user and fewer errors could be made. Conclusion: This study presents several features in the design of everyday technologies, and the skills required in using them, that could make their management more difficult for older adults.
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| 14. |
- Patomella, Ann-Helen
(författare)
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Driving ability among people with stroke : developing assessments and exploring the lived experience
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis was to explore and describe methods for assessing driving ability and awareness of driving disability following stroke, and to explore and describe the lived-experience of driving ability in the process of a driving evaluation. The thesis included four studies. In Study I people with stroke drove in a driving simulator and the focus was to investigate aspects of validity and stability of a newly developed assessment tool, PDrive, using Rasch statistics. In Study II people with stroke who had previously conducted a driving test in a driving simulator and had difficulties driving safely participated. The aim was to investigate awareness of driving disability. In Study III four men with stroke were interviewed during their driving evaluations. The aim was to explore and describe the lived-experience of driving ability in the context of being in the process of a driving evaluation using a phenomenological approach. In Study IV participants were people with stroke, dementia and mild cognitive impairments. The participants took an on-road driving test and the aim was to determine aspects of validity and reliability of P-Drive (on-road version), using Rasch statistics. In conclusion, the results of Studies I and IV indicated that P-Drive (two new versions) was an assessment tool that was valid and reliable for assessing driving ability in people with stroke in a driving simulator or on-road, respectively. Both versions of P-Drive demonstrated evidence of internal scale validity, person response validity and also acceptable levels of person separation reliability. In Study II lack of awareness of driving disability was evident since the majority of the drivers who failed the simulator test also had limited awareness of their disability. In Study III the participants experienced their driving ability as unaffected by the onset of stroke, and driving ability was taken for granted. Limited awareness of disability was indicated since participants were driving despite recommendations not to drive. The results (Study III) also increased our knowledge about the negative feelings that could be aroused by driving cessation and evaluation.
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| 15. |
- Patomella, Ann-Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Everyday technology use among older adults in Sweden and Portugal
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 25:6, s. 436-445
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Technology use is relevant for engaging in everyday occupations and aging in place and difficulties might limit participation.Aim: The aim of the present study was two-fold: to investigate the internal scale validity of the Everyday Technology Use Questionnaire (ETUQ) in a matched Portuguese and a Swedish sample of older adults without known cognitive impairments and to compare everyday technology use (i.e., the relevance of Everyday Technology (ET) and perceived difficulty of using ET).Methods: The Rasch rating scale model was used to investigate the psychometric properties of the data from the two countries. Analyses were then used to compare the samples.Results: There is evidence of internal scale and person response validity in the Swedish and Portuguese ETUQ datasets. The Swedish sample demonstrated almost 25% more ETs to be relevant, as compared to the Portuguese sample (p <.05). The samples’ means of perceived difficulty in using ETs were similar.Conclusions: The results support that the ETUQ is a valid assessment for measuring the relevance of and perceived difficulty of ET use and is able to detect differences and similarities between older adults in these European countries in relation to ET use in the home and society.
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| 16. |
- Patomella, Ann-Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Factors that impact the level of difficulty of everyday technology in a sample of older adults with and without cognitive impairment
- 2011
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Ingår i: Technology and Disability. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society. - 1055-4181.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Everyday technologies (ET) are an important part of the environment in which we live and interact, and older adults with cognitive impairments have to be able to manage ETs in order to participate in society. The aim of the present study was to bring new insight into what makes an ET easy or difficult to use for older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Older adults with or without cognitive impairments (n=116) were observed managing 27 ETs. In order to analyze and detect variables that influenced the level of difficulty of the ETs managed, a regression analysis was used and predefined assumptions were investigated. The results revealed that ETs that were used less than once a week were more difficult to handle, as were those with a complex design. The results suggests that ETs, more specifically Information and Communication Technology, need to be designed to be more user-friendly and less complex, and older adults that wish to continue using an ET need to be frequent users. The age and gender of the user, and how long the ET had been in use did not relate to how difficult an ET was to manage.
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| 17. |
- Patomella, Ann-Helen, et al.
(författare)
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General practitioners' reasoning on risk screening and primary prevention of stroke : a focus group study
- 2018
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Ingår i: BMC Family Practice. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2296. ; 19:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundBy screening and modifying risk factors, stroke incidence can be reduced. Clinical guidelines states that primary prevention of stroke is a responsibility and task of primary health care, but research shows that this not always the case. The aim of the study was to explore and describe what characterizes GPs' reasoning around risk screening and primary prevention among persons at risk for stroke in primary health care.MethodsA qualitative design based in a grounded theory approach was chosen in order to investigate this unexplored research area. Data collection was done using focus group interviews and data was analysed using a constant comparative method. Twenty-two GPs were interviewed in four focus groups.ResultsFindings showed that GPs perceived difficulties in prioritizing patients with an unhealthy lifestyle and described a lack of systematicity in their procedures, which complicated their clinical decisions concerning patients with stroke risk factors. The results showed a lack of systematic risk screening methods. Time constraints and the reimbursement system were described as hindering the preventive work.ConclusionThere is a need for a more proactive, transparent and systematic approach in the distribution of GPs' time and reimbursement of prevention in primary health care. The findings suggest, by developing new methods and approaches such as digital clinical decision-making tools and by implementing inter-professional team-work, the quality of the primary prevention of stroke could be improved.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Patomella, Ann-Helen, et al.
(författare)
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Primary prevention of stroke : randomised controlled pilot trial protocol on engaging everyday activities promoting health
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 9:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- IntroductionStroke is a globally common disease that has detrimental effects on the individual and, more broadly, on society. Lifestyle change can contribute to reducing risk factors for stroke. Although a healthy lifestyle has direct benefits, sustaining and incorporating healthy activities into everyday life is a challenge. Engaging everyday activities have the potential to support lifestyle change and to promote sustainable activity patterns. Current healthcare is failing to reduce modifiable risk factors in people at risk, and in addition to current practice, there is a need for systematic and efficient non-pharmacological and non-surgical stroke-prevention strategies. The aim of the pilot study was to increase knowledge about the effects of a prevention programme and its feasibility to promote sustainable and healthy activity patterns among persons at risk of stroke.Methods and analysisThe proposed pilot study will be a two-armed randomised, assessor-blinded, parallel pilot trial. The study will include feasibility data, investigating acceptability and delivery of the intervention. Persons at risk of stroke (n=60) will be included in a mobile phone-supported prevention programme. The 10-week programme will be conducted at primary healthcare clinics, combining group meetings and online resources to support self-management of lifestyle change. Main outcomes are stroke risk, lifestyle habits and healthy activity patterns. Assessments will be performed at baseline and at follow-up (immediately following the end of the programme and at 6 and 12 months). Effects of the programme will be analysed using inferential statistics. Feasibility will be analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Stockholm, Sweden, being granted reference numbers 2015/834-31, 2016/2203-32 and 2019/01444. Study results will be disseminated through peer-review journals and presentations to mixed audiences at regional and international conferences. Trial registration number NCT03730701.
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| 20. |
- Patomella, Ann-Helen, et al.
(författare)
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The development of the Karolinska Institutet Rapid Ease of Use Mapping (KIREUM) for technologies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Designing Around People : CWUAAT 2016. - Stockholm : Karolinska Institutet, Dept of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes the development of a new, easy-to-use tool which we named KIREUM (Karolinska Institutet Rapid Ease of Use Mapping of technology). It was created with the intention of providing a rapid measurement that could a/ assist health care professionals make decisions on what technological artefact or service would be easiest for an (older) adult with or without cognitive impairment to use, and b/ provide guidance to designers regarding ease of use when designing technology for all, keeping the activity where the artefact or system is intended to be used in mind. The development procedure started with the definition of the construct to be measured. Items were defined based on findings from empirical studies of what makes technologies harder or easier to use. The tool has been revised based on feedback from three expert panels. The current version consists of 13 items measuring ease of use of technological artefact or services. The paper was accepted as a short paper, peer reviewed and published in the official conference proceedings at the 8th Cambridge workshop on universal access and assistive technology: CWUAAT '16). 2016 Mar 21-23.
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| 21. |
- Ting Chee, Derserri Y., et al.
(författare)
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The visual search patterns of drivers with Autism Spectrum Disorders in complex driving scenarios
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Transport & Health. - : Elsevier. - 2214-1405 .- 2214-1413. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Driving is a highly demanding task which presents itself with various unpredictable and potentially hazardous situations. The failure to visually scan the driving environment and strategically search for potential road hazards, can be considered as unsafe driving practices. Little is known about how licensed drivers with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) visually scan the roads while driving. The present study assessed the visual scanning and fixation patterns of drivers with and without ASD during a simulated drive.Methods: Twenty-eight licensed drivers between the age of 18–40 years old, including 14 drivers with ASD (male = 13) driving at least 2 h per week participated in a simulated drive with 14 matched controls. Psychometric profiles and visual scanning patterns on various objects of interest were analysed between groups.Results: Drivers with ASD were found to fixate and spend significantly more time focusing on the central visual field and less time scanning where hazards potentially emerge. They also tended to allocate less visual attention on social stimuli (i.e., involving a person), and failed to stop in time at the red lights. Psychometric profiles confirmed poorer visual scanning and motor processing speed but less risk-taking behaviour in drivers with ASD.Conclusion: Licensed drivers with ASD were found to allocate visual attention differently compared to licensed drivers without ASD. Poor scanning patterns with an over-focus on the road ahead and less scanning of the road side and periphery may possibly result in unsafe driving. However, risk-taking behaviour was not prevalent in these drivers. Effective visual scanning strategies could be incorporated in the driver training of individuals with ASD.
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| 22. |
- van Biljon, Hester, et al.
(författare)
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The health equity characteristics of research exploring the unmet community mobility needs of older adults : a scoping review
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMC Geriatrics. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2318. ; 22:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Unmet community mobility needs of older adults, published since the announcement of the UN sustainable development goals was synthesised to describe the health equity characteristics of research identifying unmet community mobility needs of older adults. Methods Searches were conducted in March and April 2020, 2275 articles were screened and 100 identified for data extraction. Results Findings showed underrepresentation of articles considering rural settings [9%] and originating in the global South [14%]. Gender, disability, education, and transport / driving were identified as key health equity characteristics and only 10 articles provided detail on all four of these. External factors inhibiting community mobility included built environments, service availability, and societal attitudes. Internal factors included finances, fear and apprehension, and functional limitations. Conclusions The need for standardised reporting of participant characteristics in the community mobility of older adults was highlighted. These characteristics are required by research consumers to judge equity dimensions, and the extent to which findings represent minority or marginalised groups. 15 after the UN pledge to reduce inequalities, peer reviewed primary research does not reflect a global drive to end discrimination, exclusion and reduce the inequalities and vulnerabilities that leave people behind.
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