| 1. |
- Kalmykova, Yuliya, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Portable battery lifespans and new estimation method for battery collection rate based on a lifespan modeling approach
- 2017
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 120, s. 65-74
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2017 The Author(s)Separate collection and recycling of used batteries is required in the EU member states and other countries, as a measure for environmentally sound management of batteries. Monitoring of collection rate of the separate battery stream is important for decision making, in particular for implementing interventions to improve the separate collection and evaluating their results. Limitations of the currently applied method for the estimation of battery collection rate are discussed and a new method, which improves the estimation, is suggested. The method utilizes a more accurate way of estimating the total battery waste generation. This estimation is based on batteries historical consumption estimated with material flow analysis method and distributions of batteries lifespan obtained from empirical data. Empirical data from two decades of battery consumption and disposal in Sweden were analyzed and lifespan distributions have been found for eight different types of batteries by dating over 5000 disposed batteries. The lifespans stretched from 1 to 28 years, with a median lifespan of 3–8 years. It is shown how the use of lifespan distributions in the suggested method could considerably improve the estimation of the collection rate. Consequently, the intervention potentials can be identified more accurately and the decision making for investments in the collection system can be improved. The observed lifespans are also useful for understanding batteries fate in households as well as trends in battery consumption and disposal.
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| 2. |
- Patricio, Joao, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Uncertainty in Material Flow Analysis Indicators at Different Spatial Levels
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Industrial Ecology. - : Wiley. - 1088-1980 .- 1530-9290. ; 19:5, s. 837-852
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Material flow analysis (MFA) is a tool for research and decision support in environmental policy and management. In order to promote the use of MFA at different spatial scales, a quantification of the uncertainty in nationwide, regional, and urban MFA methodologies is provided. In particular, the impact of the input data quality on the main MFA indicators is analyzed and the sources and extent of uncertainties for different spatial scales are listed. The types, origin, and extent of the errors are described in detail and several imputation methods are explained and evaluated. By introducing a novel approach to account measurement errors in data sets with very few details on the measurement errors, this article aims at contributing to the development of a standardized method to account for the uncertainty in MFA studies. This study uses the time series of MFA data for 1996-2011 at three spatial scalesnationwide (Sweden), regional (the Stockholm Region), and metropolitan (Stockholm, Gothenburg, and Malmo)to determine how propagation of measurement errors affects the MFA results. The following MFA indicators were studied: direct material input; domestic processed output; and domestic material consumption. Generally, availability decreased as the spatial scale was lowered, whereas data errors increased. In the specific case of Sweden, the data on freight transport by rail and on waste produced by economic activities at the regional and metropolitan level should be improved.
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| 3. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
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Development of the SUNRA Tool to Improve Regional and Local Sustainability of the Transportation Sector
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 14:18, s. 11275-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To fulfil the global sustainable development goals (SDGs), achieving sustainable development is becoming urgent, not least in the transportation sector. In response to this, the sustainability framework Sustainability National Road Administrations (SUNRA) was developed to contribute to improving the sustainability performance of national road administrations across Europe. In the present study, the framework has been tested, applied and further developed to be applicable for target setting and follow-up at the project level at both the Swedish Transport Administration (STA) and at municipal levels. The aim was a framework relevant for investment, re-investments, maintenance and operation projects and also to make it more user applicable. The study also investigated how the framework can contribute to sustainability, identified drivers and barriers for applying the framework and examined whether the framework can be applied and adapted to projects of different complexities. The adaptations and developments were done in collaboration between researchers and practitioners. The results show that the framework could easily be used and adapted for investment, re-investment, maintenance and operation projects in the planning stage, as well as for small municipal establishments, construction or reconstruction of residential areas and frequent maintenance. The framework contributes to increased awareness on sustainability, and it provides a common structure and transparency on how infrastructure project goals/targets are set and fulfilled. The framework can also be applied to follow the fulfilment of the goals/targets and thereby adapt the project to better fulfil the goals. Identified barriers include the lack of obligations and lack of experience in using sustainability frameworks.
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| 4. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, 1957-, et al.
(författare)
-
Masshantering : indikatorer och nyckeltal för incitament för reducerad klimatpåverkan vid upphandling
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Metodik för styrning av cirkulär masshantering i Trafikverket är inriktad på moment som genomförs i projekteringsskedet. Det saknas metodik för hur indikatorer och nyckeltal kan föras över till entreprenaden. För att förbättra krav och incitament i entreprenadupphandling måste krav som är upphandlingsbara och uppföljningsbara i entreprenaden utvecklas. Syftet med detta projekt är att, i en förstudie, ta fram förslag på indikatorer och nyckeltal för upphandling som kan användas för att sätta krav och ge incitament som kan föras in i Trafikverkets upphandlingar för att förbättra masshanteringen, såväl i planeringen av projekt som i själva utförandet. De krav och incitament som på längre sikt ska arbetas fram ska kunna användas vid upphandlingar och därmed bidra till att entreprenörer kommer att arbeta mer cirkulärt, hållbart och innovativt med masshantering än i dagsläget. Huvudsyftet är att upphandlingsförfarandet ska bidra till att uppnå Trafikverkets mål att infrastrukturen ska vara klimatneutral senast år 2045. Arbetet utgörs av en omvärldsanalys som baseras på internationell och nationell litteratur, masshanteringsrapportering samt intervjuer. Från omvärldsanalysen framgår att regelverken kring uppgrävda massor inte är tydlig, men att massorna klassas som avfall i de flesta länder. Detta leder i sin tur till att massorna inte återvinns i så hög grad som är teoretiskt möjligt och inte heller så högt upp som möjligt i värdekedjan. För att förbättra detta krävs tydligare incitament, indikatorer och nyckeltal samt redovisningsverktyg och guidande material från Trafikverket. I detta projekt har förslag på indikatorer och nyckeltal tagits fram. Dessutom har en Excelbaserad prototyp för hur flera av dessa kan redovisas tagits fram. Denna ska när den färdigställts kunna användas såväl inför en upphandling som för att användas för att följa upp och utvärdera masshantering i ett projekt. Rapporten ger också förslag på fortsatt arbete för att utveckla prototypen för utvärdering av masshantering på projektnivå och ur ett samhällsekonomiskt perspektiv.
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| 5. |
- Henriksson, Malin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Framtidens gröna praktiker : förutsättningar för omställningsagenter i mat- och transportsektorn
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten tar sin utgångspunkt i att det akuta klimatläget kräver nya mer cirkulära sätt att producera och konsumera varor och tjänster på. I rapporten ger vi exempel på lovande gröna initiativ och pekar på vilka svårigheter omställningsagenterna bakom dem möter. Fem ideella och vinstdrivande initiativ från matsektorn och transportsektorn studeras. I matsektorn finns det stor miljöpotential i att minska svinnet. Proteinskifte, från animaliskt kött och mejeri, till vegetabiliska motsvarigheter leder till en mer effektiv resurshantering. Det gäller särskilt när produktionen är lokal och långväga transporter kan undvikas. Hur mycket vatten och landareal som produktionen kräver påverkar miljöpotentialen. Produktion av havre- och ärtprodukter, som studerats i rapporten, kan leva upp till sådana krav, med villkoret att de ingår i cirkulära flöden där det inte produceras överskott. När det gäller transportsektorn har initiativ som stärker cykling en stor miljöpotential. Att dela på eller återbruka cyklar leder till mer effektiv resurshantering. Potentialen villkoras dock om användarna av cykelpooler eller cykelkök parallellt köper egna cyklar och kör bil. Med hjälp av teorier från miljö- och omställningsforskning belyser vi att omställningsagenter verkar inom regimer som bygger på linjära praktiker och fossila beroenden. Motståndet som omställnings[1]agenter möter kan vara mycket konkret, som att det är svårt att hitta betalningsvilliga användare men även handla om subtila processer som att behöva tilltala målgrupper som konsumenter snarare än medborgare. Omställningsagenterna tvingas på olika sätt anpassa sig till regimens spelregler, oavsett om det strider mot egna värderingar och visioner. De studerade initiativen illustrerar möjliga sätt att organisera framtiden på. Det gäller särskilt de ideella verksamheterna. I likhet med tidigare studier visar rapporten att förutsättningen för att omställningsagenter ska kunna visa vägen mot en grönare framtid är begränsad om inte lagstiftning, subventioner, och nya normer om ett gott liv stöttar dem.
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| 6. |
- Kalmykova, Yuliya, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Out with the old, out with the new - The effect of transitions in TVs and monitors technology on consumption and WEEE generation in Sweden 1996-2014
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 46, s. 511-522
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recycling of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) is important due to its content of valuable and hazardous compounds. This study investigates the case of the recent technology change within television sets (TVs) and monitors, its impact on the generation of WEEE, and the implications for the recycling industry. In particular, material flow analysis for the time series of 1996-2014 for TVs and monitors by type of technology (CRT, Plasma and LCD) in physical units is combined with empirical data on product lifespans. The number of consumed TVs and monitors has grown exponentially. As a result, despite a 3-fold reduction in the weight of the products, the weight of the corresponding WEEE is also growing exponentially. Out with the old, out with the new - a peak in VVEEE from both CRT and flatscreen displays is expected during 2014-2020, due tothe simultaneous obsolesce of the last wave of CRT products and the short-lived flat-screen products that substituted the CRTs. The lifespans of LCD and LED TVs were found to be three times shorter than of the CRT TVs, with many TVs discarded while still functional. This is the consequence of two events - replacement of the CRT TVs in combination with lifestyle purchases of TVs, i.e. the premature replacement of flat-screen displays with new sets with extra-large screens and/or new features. The throughput of TVs and monitors consumed has been estimated annually from 2014 until 2040, by quantity and type of device, as well as by component and material type. The annual economic value of the corresponding secondary materials, by material type, has also been estimated. The point in time when the final disposal of CRT products is likely to take place has been identified and should be noted by the recycling industry. Among the important contributions of this study to the accounting and predicting of amounts and types of WEEE are the lifespan distributions, size and weight distributions, and material composition for TVs and monitors of different technology. Directions for method application in other countries are given.
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| 7. |
- Kalmykova, Yuliya, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Resource consumption drivers and pathways to reduction: economy, policy and lifestyle impact on material flows at the national and urban scale
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 132, s. 70-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An analysis of material flows that also considers economic and social indicators has been performed at the national (Sweden) and urban scale (Stockholm and Gothenburg) to study the dynamics of resource use during the last two decades. A summary of policies related to resource consumption implemented at the EU, national and local scale is presented and their probable effects discussed based on empirical evidence. The resource consumption trends indicate that the implemented policies have failed to bring significant reductions in resource and energy throughput. Resource consumption has increased both in Sweden as a whole and in the studied cities. Moreover, the consumption of construction materials and electronics has grown exponentially, even when normalized by population. The few success stories are the absolute reduction in fossil fuel consumption achieved in Stockholm, building energy reduction by halve and complete abolishment of oil as the heating fuel in Sweden. The lifestyle characteristics that have an impact on resource consumption include high income, car ownership, large residential floor space, social movements and trends related to dietary choices. The consumption of electronics, textiles and cosmetic products was shown to have increased considerably. The same quantities of food are consumed, but the diet has changed. Waste generation by far outpaces improvements in recycling. In recycling, waste-to-energy is growing faster than material recycling, which impedes the development of a circular economy. The main limitation of the policies implemented to-date is that they only address efficiency of use, but do nothing to reduce the demand for resources. In addition, efforts have so far been restricted to energy consumption. The reality is that we must urgently reduce the consumption of all resources, not just fossil fuels. We call for greater concern and more action towards reducing nonfuel resource consumption.
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| 8. |
- Kalmykova, Yuliya, 1981, et al.
(författare)
-
Urban Economies Resource Productivity and Decoupling: Metabolism Trends of 1996-2011 in Sweden, Stockholm, and Gothenburg
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Environmental Science & Technology. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0013-936X .- 1520-5851. ; 49:14, s. 8815-8823
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Resource productivity and evidence of economic decoupling were investigated on the basis of the time series in 1996-2011 of material flow analysis for Sweden, Stockholm, and Gothenburg. In the three cases, absolute reductions in CO2 emissions by about 20% were observed, energy consumption per capita decreased, while gross domestic product (GDP) per capita grew. The energy consumption of the residential and public sectors decreased drastically, while the transport energy consumption is still growing steadily. Decoupling of the economy as a whole (i.e., including materials) is not yet happening at any scale. The domestic material consumption (DMC) continues to increase, in parallel with the GDP. The rate of increase for DMC is slower than that for GDP in both Stockholm and Sweden as a whole (i.e., relative decoupling). The metabolism of the cities does not replicate the national metabolism, and the two cities each have their own distinct metabolism profiles. As a consequence, policy implications for each of the case studies were suggested. In general, because of the necessarily different roles of the two cities in the national economy, generic resource productivity benchmarks, such as CO2 per capita, should be avoided in favor of sectorial benchmarks, such as industry, transport, or residential CO2 per capita. In addition, the share of the city impacts caused by the provision of a service for the rest of the country, such as a port, could be allocated to the national economy.
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| 9. |
- Lavers Westin, Alexandra, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Methods for Downscaling National Material Consumption Data to the Regional and Municipal Levels
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:20, s. 1-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Decision makers are looking to reach consumption-based environmental impact targets like Sustainable Development Goal 12, Responsible Consumption and Production. These goals require multifaceted action at municipal, regional, and national levels; however, there are limitations to calculating consumption at the regional and municipal levels. Consumption is dependent on the socioeconomic metabolism of the area, with its unique composition of industries, consumers, and public facilities, which may affect the most appropriate measures to meet goals effectively. In this study, we evaluated several methods to extrapolate municipality- and region-specific consumption from national-level data so that consumption estimates can be used to aid decision makers or make further analyses like environmental impact evaluation. We compared four approaches and validated our findings using reported consumption values as well as results from another model in use. We found that using per capita values for consumption is satisfactory for counties, but consumption in municipalities and metropolitan areas with populations smaller than 500,000 inhabitants was better described by one of the suggested methods on average.
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| 10. |
- Patricio, Joao, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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A method and databases for estimating detailed industrial waste generation at different scales – With application to biogas industry development
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 246
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a top-down method for constructing databases of industrial waste generation profiles is presented. The method employs routinely reported statistical data for economic activities, which enables simple data acquisition and ensures capture of changes in production processes and waste generation. Quantified waste generation profiles following the EWC-stat nomenclature for 42 waste types were compiled into two EU databases, one for 12 sectors and the other for more than 200 industries. These were complimented with quantified factors on waste generation per employee for each sector. The relationship between amounts of waste generated and number of employees has been confirmed for each sector with statistical tests; this can be used to estimate waste quantities in other scenarios. The databases employ standard EU economic and waste nomenclatures, which are also similar to those used worldwide. Potential use scenarios include: evaluation of different geographic boundaries, such as industrial park, municipal, regional or national level; focus on expected types and quantities of waste generated by particular sectors and industries; or targeting particular types of wastes, the economic activities that produce them and the quantities generated. The latter scenario is illustrated in this paper by exploring potential for industrial symbiosis where waste streams from bio-based industries are used to produce biogas in the Västra Götaland region of Sweden. The developed method and databases could support the implementation of circular economy policies, including industrial symbiosis.
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| 11. |
- Patricio, Joao, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Enabling industrial symbiosis collaborations between SMEs from a regional perspective
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 202, s. 1120-1130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small and Medium Enterprises make up the vast majority of the businesses within the European Union, and are consequently important contributors to local and regional well-being. Nevertheless, Small and Medium Enterprises face many challenges when it comes to fostering innovation and improving environmental performance as part of their day-to-day activities. In parallel, the global consumption of raw materials is increasing, which makes it necessary to define and establish strategies to reduce the amount of, and dependence on, raw material extraction and imports, whilst also improving the sustainability of SMEs. In this context it is essential to promote circular economy strategies, such as industrial symbiosis partnerships, where companies use the waste products of other industries as raw materials. To achieve this, there is a need to find enablers to support industrial symbiosis collaborations among SMEs. These could include regional developers and local authorities. The aims of this study are to investigate whether industrial symbiosis is already a common practice within SMEs in the Västra Götaland Region of Sweden, as well as identifying barriers and motivations for partnerships. For this purpose, case studies of two industries were carried out: beer production and mushroom farming. Information was collected using on-site visits and semi-structured interviews, and the key findings where combined with a literature review, then used to propose new industrial symbiosis opportunities. The results show that industrial symbiosis is already used by some of the beer and mushroom producers. Economic gains and better environmental performance were presented as the main motivations for the companies to be involved in these partnerships. Nevertheless, industrial symbiosis could be extended to also include those companies that do not yet share their waste, mostly due to a lack of time or knowledge. Consequently, the study suggests potential industrial symbiosis partnerships that could be implemented within a short period of time, and be used by the local authorities to help SMEs to achieve circularity of wastes. Future work considers the dissemination of the results among SMEs as well as apply the approach to other types of industries operating in the region to identify additional IS potential partnerships.
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| 12. |
- Patrício, João, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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End-of-life tyres applications : technologies and environmental impacts
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The worldwide consumption of tyres is growing, with an estimated global tyre production of approximately 2.2 billion tons in 2019. Tyres may contain a large variety of chemical compounds and therefore must be managed properly. On the other hand, end-of-life tyres contain several unique characteristics that make them suitable for multiple applications. This report focuses on analyzing end-of- life tyre management in Europe in general and Sweden in particular. The study also investigates the recycling technologies available in the market to manage end-of-life tyres. Furthermore, the expected environmental impacts for end-of-life tyres, in general, are investigated. The study is done based on a literature review, which is complemented with information obtained from interviews with relevant actors. In Sweden, end-of-life tyres are a substantial waste flow, accounting for approximately 85,000 tons per year. Sixty-five percent of tyres in Sweden are used as an energy source for energy production or in the cement industry, 34% are reused or recycled and 1% are exported. The report presents several opportunities for the use of end-of-life tyres (or materials) highlighting the material versatility. Examples include the use of tyre shreds as lightweight material or the use of granulated rubber in applications such as asphalt or concrete production. Many of the presented applications have a high potential contribution to a more circular economy. However, there is a need to better brand the applications as well link different stakeholders. Regarding the environmental analysis, the use of these end-of-life tyres may reduce the need of several virgin materials and reduces energy use. The literature analysis of potential leaching and human and environmental risks are inconclusive and there is still a lack of knowledge regarding leaching, bioavailability, toxicity and the related human and environmental risks in different applications. While some studies have shown that the use of end-of-life tyres materials is safe for the environment, others have shown a potential release risk of metals and PAHs. Therefore, the implementation of scientifically and risk-based regulations that define substances limits for tyre-derived products would potentially help the acceptance and use of these materials by users and contractors. Particularly for applications in which the tyre-derived products might be in contact with sensitive groups in the population, e.g. children. The standardization of tyre-derived materials with specific physical and chemical characteristics could be a step forward to increase the production of high-quality materials.
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| 13. |
- Patrício, João, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Hantering av uttjänta däck : tekniker och miljöpåverkan
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Förbrukningen av däck ökar i hela världen, och 2019 uppskattades den globala produktionen till cirka 2,2 miljarder ton. Däck innehåller olika kemikalier och måste därför vid återvinning hanteras på lämpligt sätt. Uttjänta däck har dock många unika egenskaper som gör dem lämpliga för flera olika applikationer. Denna rapport fokuserar på analys av hantering av uttjänta däck i Europa och speciellt i Sverige. I studien ingår att undersöka återvinningstekniker som finns på marknaden för att hantera uttjänta däck och deras förväntade miljöpåverkan. Studien baseras på en litteraturgenomgång som kompletterats med information från intervjuer med ett urval relevanta aktörer. I Sverige utgör uttjänta däck ett stort avfallsflöde på cirka 85 000 ton per år. Sextiofem procent av däcken i Sverige används som energikälla för energiproduktion eller inom cementindustrin, 9 procent används som sprängmattor, 25 procent för materialåtervinning och 1 procent exporteras. Mer än 20 möjligheter för användning av uttjänta däck (eller gummimaterialet) presenteras i rapporten, som till exempel användning av däckstrimlor som lättviktsmaterial och användning av granulerat gummi som tillsats i asfalt- eller betong. Många av de presenterade applikationerna bedöms ha en stor potential. Det finns dock ett behov av bättre marknadsföring av applikationer och bättre länkning mellan olika aktörer. Från miljöanalysen framgår att användningen av uttjänta däck minskar behovet av flera jungfruliga råvaror. Analysen av de miljö- och hälsoeffekter som beskrivs i litteraturen ger dock motstridiga resultat och dessutom finns mycket lite information och kunskap om lakbarhet, biotillgänglighet, toxicitet och relaterade risker för människor och miljö för de olika användningsområdena. Vissa studier har visat att användning av uttjänta däckmaterial inte är miljöfarligt, medan andra har visat på ett möjligt läckage av metaller och PAH. Vetenskapligt välunderbyggda riskbaserade gränsvärden för miljö- och hälsofarliga ämnen i granulerat gummi, kan bidra till större acceptans och användning, särskilt inom användningsområden där de däckbaserade produkterna kan komma i kontakt med känsliga grupper i befolkningen, till exempel barn. Standardisering av däckbaserade material med specifika fysikaliska och kemiska egenskaper kan vara ett steg framåt för att öka produktionen av högkvalitativa material.
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| 14. |
- Patricio, Joao, 1984, et al.
(författare)
-
Method for identifying industrial symbiosis opportunities
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 185
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Industrial Symbiosis (IS) can reduce industrial waste and the need for virgin material extraction by utilizing waste generated by one industry as a raw material for another. Input-output matching is a commonly used approach for identifying potential IS partnerships. Usually, to collect necessary data for input-output matching, companies are asked to participate in workshops or surveys. However, such activities can be costly and time consuming. Additionally, companies may be unwilling to participate due to issues around data confidentiality. This article aims to show how these barriers can be overcome by a new method for identification of IS opportunities, which does not require companies to be surveyed. The developed matching approach uses statistical datasets and IS databases. The underlying principle is to use known IS partnerships and databases developed by the authors containing data on typical waste generation and resource use by industries, to expand and link other potential donors and receivers. This allows the expansion of one IS example into multiple potential relationships. The method promotes Circular Economy development by identifying more opportunities to utilize more secondary resources through connecting previously unrelated industry sectors. The method has been tested in Sweden, where the goal was to identify potential partnerships between industries that generate sawdust as a waste product and companies that could utilize sawdust in their industrial processes. Out of 6,726,534 potential symbiotic links identified by the method, 159,630 were shortlisted using prioritization criteria reflecting an increased likelihood of symbiosis.
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| 15. |
- Patricio, Joao, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Method to identify opportunities for CCU at regional level - Matching sources and receivers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of CO2 Utilization. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-9820. ; 22, s. 330-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon Capture and Utilization is an attractive strategy not only due to its potential for CO2 emissions reduction but also because it enables the creation of valuable products. The development of CO2-based industrial symbiosis partnerships can contribute significantly towards achieving the goals of GHG emissions reduction on a European level by 2030, while at the same time it leads to an increased added value through the development of new production lines and carbon neutral products. The presented article focuses on identifying potential partnerships between companies that produce CO2 and companies that may reuse CO2 as input for their industrial process. A novel methodological framework is presented based on developing generic matrices for CO2 sources and receivers and matching the industrial units based on geographical and technical criteria. Moreover, the paper provides the technical requirements of 17 CO2 utilization technologies with relatively high technology readiness level, including the CO2-to-product ratio, the required purity, pressure, temperature and the presence of a catalyst, as well as potential synergies and additional requirements. The methodology has been applied to the Vastra Gotaland region in West Sweden and the most promising CCU symbioses have been identified. These include mineral carbonation (annual uptake: 59,600 tCO(2)), greenhouses (26,000 tCO(2)), algae production, methanol production (85,500 tCO(2)), power to gas (66,500 tCO(2)), pH control, lignin production, polymers synthesis and concrete curing (96,000 tCO(2)). If all of them could be applied, the total annual CO2 reduction would exceed 250,000 tCO(2) per year.
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| 16. |
- Patricio, Joao, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Primary and secondary battery consumption trends in Sweden 1996-2013: Method development and detailed accounting by battery type
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 39:5, s. 236-245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article, a new method based on Material Flow Accounting is proposed to study detailed material flows in battery consumption that can be replicated for other countries. The method uses regularly available statistics on import, industrial production and export of batteries and battery-containing electric and electronic equipment (EEE). To promote method use by other scholars with no access to such data, several empirically results and their trends over time, for different types of batteries occurrence among the EEE types are provided. The information provided by the method can be used to: identify drivers of battery consumption; study the dynamic behavior of battery flows - due to technology development, policies, consumers behavior and infrastructures. The method is exemplified by the study of battery flows in Sweden for years 1996-2013. The batteries were accounted, both in units and weight, as primary and secondary batteries; loose and integrated; by electrochemical composition and share of battery use between different types of EEE. Results show that, despite a fivefold increase in the consumption of rechargeable batteries, they account for only about 14% of total use of portable batteries. Recent increase in digital convergence has resulted in a sharp decline in the consumption of primary batteries, which has now stabilized at a fairly low level. Conversely, the consumption of integrated batteries has increased sharply. In 2013, 61% of the total weight of batteries sold in Sweden was collected, and for the particular case of alkaline manganese dioxide batteries, the value achieved 74%. (c) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Patricio, Joao, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Region prioritization for the development of carbon capture and utilization technologies
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of CO2 Utilization. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-9820. ; 17, s. 50-59
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In recent years several strategies have been developed and adopted to reduce the levels of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions released to the atmosphere. The adoption of Carbon Capture and Utilization (CCU) technologies may contribute towards carbon sequestration as well as to the creation of high value products. This study presents a methodology to assess the potential of CO2 utilization across Europe, and to identify the European regions with the greater potential to deploy nine selected carbon dioxide utilization technologies. The results show that Germany, UK and France at the first level followed by Spain, Italy and Poland are the countries where the larger quantities of available CO2 could be found but also where the majority of the potential receiving processes are located, and therefore with the greatest potential for CO2 utilization. The study has also revealed several specific regions where reuse schemes based on CO2 could be developed both in Central Europe (Dusseldorf and Cologne - Germany, Antwerp Province and East Flanders - Belgium and ?laskie - Poland) and in Scandinavia (Etelä-Suomi and Helsinki-Uusimaa - Finland). Finally, among all the selected technologies, concrete curing and horticulture production are the technologies with the higher potential for CO2 utilization in Europe.
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| 18. |
- Patricio, Joao, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Top-down method and databases for typical product demands of 103 manufacturing industries
- 2021
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier BV. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A top-down method for identifying product inputs to industries at product level is presented. The method employs routinely reported statistical data for industries, namely international trade data, which enables simple data acquisition and updates to databases with changes in the production processes. Two databases were developed that contain information for 103 industries and 1,264 product types based on a 13-year data time series. The first database shows frequency for a given product import by an industry; the second database shows the relative magnitude of product demand compared to the total amount of products imported by the industry. The frequency database depicts stability of a given product demand while the magnitude database identifies core products. The study was performed for Swedish imports. An upscaling evaluation was tested with Swedish exports and Portuguese imports data sets. It was found that industries have similar frequency of product demand, regardless of the country they are located in. Import magnitudes were found to have more dependence on the country for which data was collected. Nevertheless, when aggregated into major products groups, industrial product consumption is very similar in the two countries studied. One possible application of the databases developed in this study could be identification of new opportunities for industrial symbiosis among all industries operating in a region. Collated raw material inputs by industry are available in the databases, allowing industries which could potentially receive byproducts and wastes from elsewhere to be determined, without the need for direct contact between different actors.
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| 19. |
- Patricio, Joao, 1984
(författare)
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Top-down Methodology to Identify Opportunities for Industrial Symbiosis Partnerships
- 2020
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Industries in Europe are responsible for generating approximately 190 Mtons of waste; a figure which is expected to rise, as a significant increase in the consumption of raw materials is predicted to occur in the near future. This may lead to escalating environmental problems, including resource depletion, soil degradation, and climate change. To curtail these problems, countries, regions, and industrial systems need to find ways to promote and foster Circular Economy strategies. The promotion and implementation of Industrial Symbiosis (IS) partnerships is one of the strategies for implementation of Circular Economy concepts. IS has been recognized by the European Union as a tool that can be used to promote sustainable growth and resource efficiency, by enabling companies to use wastes, energy, or water generated by other companies as raw materials in their industrial processes. In reality, however companies face numerous challenges when trying to find opportunities to engage in IS partnerships. One way to expand the opportunities for Industrial Symbiosis is by broadening its scope from eco-industrial parks to entire regions, by exploring the potential for using wastes already available in the region as raw materials. This may also reduce dependence on resource extraction and materials imported from other countries. Bottom-up approaches are commonly used to identify opportunities for IS partnerships, and include tools like surveys and workshops. However, these approaches can be difficult to implement, primarily because of time and cost constraints. Fortunately, as it is now possible to collect large datasets, top-down approaches can be used to develop tools that facilitate identification of IS opportunities. The aim of this thesis is to develop a top-down methodology for mapping IS opportunities and identifying potential stakeholders. Types of materials that can be reused and recycled are identified, as well as companies that may collaborate by sharing resources. The method can be applied at different spatial scales, from industrial parks to municipalities, regions, or countries. It employs routinely reported statistical data for industries, which enables simple data acquisition and ensures that any changes in the production processes are captured. It contains information on approximately 100 industries, 1,250 products, and 800 waste types. The results show that currently available datasets can be used to identify IS opportunities, and that input materials and wastes generated by industries can be predicted. After matching inputs to wastes, a tool based on two databases was developed. This tool can be used to identify opportunities for IS partnerships within any region in Europe. The tool was tested in the Västra Götaland Region of Sweden, in three case studies: one for wood wastes, one for biogas, and another for carbon capture and utilization. The results can be used by regional development authorities or other institutions to support the establishment of IS partnerships.
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| 20. |
- Rosado, Leonardo, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Urban metabolism profiles. An empirical analysis of the material flow characteristics of three metropolitan areas in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 126, s. 206-217
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Knowledge about the characteristics and driving forces of material flows in urban areas is crucial, as the pathways towards sustainability depend on local conditions. Currently, Urban Metabolism research focuses on the analysis of trends and transitions in different stages of city development, on developing classification systems and identification of metabolism profiles for urban areas.A novel framework for characterizing cities metabolism is provided using Urban Material Flow Accounting indicators as the basis. A Material Flow Accounting study is conducted for three cities in Sweden, from 1996 until 2011: Stockholm, Gothenburg and Malmo. Based on the urban metabolism characteristics framework, three distinct profiles are proposed: consumer-service; industrial; and transitioning.Stockholm's material needs are mainly for final consumption. When compared with the other two cities, material flows follow a more stable trend and have lower dependency on external systems due to the marginal production and export of goods.Gothenburg has the most resource intensive metabolism. It requires several times larger material inputs than the other two cities and produces much larger outputs, for benefit of the rest of the country and the world. Consequently, CO2 emissions are higher in Gothenburg.Malmo characteristics are more complex than Stockholm's with higher material needs in particular construction minerals. Its dependency on external flows is low, due to the fact that the economy and exports are based on domestically extracted Non-Metallic Minerals and Biomass.
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