| 1. |
- Nasibulina, Larisa I., et al.
(författare)
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Direct synthesis of carbon nanofibers on cement particles
- 2010
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Ingår i: Transportation Research Record. - : SAGE Publications. - 0361-1981 .- 2169-4052. ; :2142, s. 96-101
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanofibers (CNFs) are promising candidates for the next generation of high-performance structural and multifunctional composite materials. One of the largest obstacles to creating strong, electrically or thermally conductive CNT-CNF composites is the difficulty of getting a good dispersion of the carbon nanomaterials in a matrix. Typically, time-consuming steps are required in purifying and functionalizing the carbon nanomaterial. A new approach under which CNTs-CNFs are grown directly on the surface of matrix and matrix precursor particles is proposed. Cement was selected as the precursor matrix, since it is the most important construction material. A novel cement hybrid material (CHM) was synthesized in which CNTs and CNFs are attached to the cement particles by two different methods: screw feeder and fluidized bed reactors. CHM has been proved to increase the compressive strength by two times and the electrical conductivity of the hardened paste by 40 times.
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| 2. |
- Cwirzen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Properties of high yield synthesised carbon nano fibres/portland cement composite
- 2009
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Ingår i: Advances in Cement Research. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 0951-7197 .- 1751-7605. ; 21:4, s. 141-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The compressive strength and electrical resistivity of hardened pastes produced either from nanomodified Portland sulfate-resistant cement (CHH) or a mixture of nanomodified and pristine sulfate-resistant cements were determined. The nanomodification included grow carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibres (CNFs) on the cement particles. Pastes having a water-to-binder ratio of 0-5 were produced. The test results revealed that partial replacement of sulfate-resistant cement by CHH cement decreased the electrical resistivity of the 28 day old specimens but worsened the mechanical properties. The lower compressive strength was attributed to a lower degree of hydration of the CHH cement. The addition of a mixture of surfactants enabled the production of specimens consisting entirely of CHH cement. The hardened material obtained was characterised by a nearly doubled compressive strength in comparison with the reference specimens made from pristine sulfate-resistant cement. This was attributed to a high degree of hydration as well as reinforcing action of the CNTs and CNFs. The electrical resistivity was lowered by one order of magnitude classifying this material as a semiconductor.
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| 3. |
- Cwirzen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Reactive powder based concretes : Mechanical properties, durability and hybrid use with OPC
- 2008
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Ingår i: Cement and Concrete Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0008-8846 .- 1873-3948. ; 38:10, s. 1217-1226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The basic mechanical properties, frost durability and the bond strength with normal strength concretes of the ultra high strength (UHS) mortars and concretes were studied. The produced mixes had plastic or fluid-like consistency. The 28-day compressive strength varied between 170 and 202 MPa for the heat-treated specimens and between 130 and 150 MPa for the non-heat-treated specimens. The shrinkage values were two times higher for the UHS mortars in comparison with the UHS concretes. After the initial shrinkage, swelling was noticed in the UHS mortars. The lowest creep values were measured for the non-heat-treated UHS concretes. The frost-deicing salts durability of the UHS mortars and concretes appeared to be very good even despite the increased water uptake of the UHS concretes. The study of the hybrid concrete beams indicated the formation of low strength transition zone between the UHS mortar and normal strength concrete. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Cwirzen, A., et al.
(författare)
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SEM/AFM studies of cementitious binder modified by MWCNT and nano-sized Fe needles
- 2009
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Ingår i: Materials Characterization. - : Elsevier BV. - 1044-5803 .- 1873-4189. ; 60:7, s. 735-740
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several compositions of cement paste samples containing multiwalled carbon nanotubes were produced using a small-size vacuum mixer. The mixes had water-to-binder ratios of 0.25 and 0.3. Sulfate resistant cement has been used. The multiwalled carbon nanotubes were introduced as a water suspension with added surfactant admixtures. The used surfactant acted as plasticizing agents for the cement paste and as dispersant for the multiwalled carbon nanotubes. A set of beams was produced to determine the compressive and flexural strengths. The scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope studies of fractured and polished samples showed a good dispersion of multiwalled carbon nanotubes in the cement matrix. The studies revealed also sliding of multiwalled carbon nanotubes from the matrix in tension which indicates their weak bond with cement matrix. In addition to multiwalled carbon nanotubes also steel wires covered with ferrite needles were investigated to determine the bond strength between the matrix and the steel wire. These later samples consisted of 15-mm-high cylinders of cement paste with vertically cast-in steel wires. As reference, plain steel wires were cast, too. The bond strength between steel wires covered with nano-sized Fe needles appeared to be lower in comparison with the reference wires. The scanning electron microscope studies of fractured samples indicated on brittle nature of Fe needles resulting in shear-caused breakage of the bond to the matrix. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Cwirzen, A., et al.
(författare)
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Surface decoration of carbon nanotubes and mechanical properties of cement/carbon nanotube composites
- 2008
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Ingår i: Advances in Cement Research. - : Thomas Telford Ltd.. - 0951-7197 .- 1751-7605. ; 20:2, s. 65-73
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the effects of the method of surface decoration on the wetability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and the mechanical properties of the cement paste incorporating these dispersions. The results showed that stable and homogenous dispersions of MWCNTs in water can be obtained by using surface functionalisation combined with decoration using polyacrylic acid polymers. The cement paste specimens incorporating these dispersions revealed good workability and an increase in the compressive strength of nearly 50% even with only a small addition of the MWCNTs, namely 0-045-0-15% of the cement weight. These results indicate the existence of chemical bonds between the OH groups of the functionalised MWCNTs and probably the C-S-H phase of the cement matrix, which enhanced the transfer of stresses. A second method that was studied included decoration of MWCNTs with polyacrylic acid polymers and gum Arabic. These dispersions appeared to be homogeneous only for approximately 2 h after which a progressive sedimentation occurred. Good workability was found for the cement pastes produced with all of the dispersions; the only significant difference being the slower hydration of the cement incorporating gum Arabic. The mechanical properties of the cement pastes incorporating MWCNTs treated with polyacrylic polymers were unchanged.
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| 6. |
- Mudimela, Prasantha R., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers on silica and cement matrix materials
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Nanomaterials. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-4110 .- 1687-4129. ; 2009
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to create strong composite materials, a good dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and nanofibers (CNFs) in a matrix material must be obtained. We proposed a simple method of growing the desirable carbon nanomaterial directly on the surface of matrix particles. CNTs and CNFs were synthesised on the surface of model object, silica fume particles impregnated by iron salt, and directly on pristine cement particles, naturally containing iron oxide. Acetylene was successfully utilised as a carbon source in the temperature range from 550 to 750 °C. 5-10 walled CNTs with diameters of 10-15nm at 600 °C and 12-20nm at 750 °C were synthesised on silica particles. In case of cement particles, mainly CNFs with a diameter of around 30nm were grown. It was shown that high temperatures caused chemical and physical transformation of cement particles. © 2009 Prasantha R. Mudimela et al.
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| 7. |
- Nasibulin, Albert G., et al.
(författare)
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A novel cement-based hybrid material
- 2009
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Ingår i: New Journal of Physics. - : IOP Publishing. - 1367-2630. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are known to possess exceptional tensile strength, elastic modulus and electrical and thermal conductivity. They are promising candidates for the next-generation high-performance structural and multi-functional composite materials. However, one of the largest obstacles to creating strong, electrically or thermally conductive CNT/CNF composites is the difficulty of getting a good dispersion of the carbon nanomaterials in a matrix. Typically, time-consuming steps of purification and fimctionalization of the carbon nanomaterial are required. We propose a new approach to grow CNTs/CNFs directly on the surface of matrix particles. As the matrix we selected cement, the most important construction material. We synthesized in a simple one-step process a novel cement hybrid material (CHM), wherein CNTs and CNFs are attached to the cement particles. The CHM has been proven to increase 2 times the compressive strength and 40 times the electrical conductivity of the hardened paste, i.e. concrete without sand. © IOP Publishing Ltd and Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft.
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| 8. |
- Nasibulina, Larisa I., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of carbon nanotube aqueous dispersion quality on mechanical properties of cement composite
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Nanomaterials. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1687-4110 .- 1687-4129. ; 2012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An effect of the quality of carbon nanotube (CNT) dispersions added to cement on paste mechanical properties has been studied. High-quality dispersions of few-walled CNT (FWCNTs) were produced in two steps. First, FWCNTs were functionalized in a mixture of nitric and sulfuric acids (70wt. and 96wt., resp.) at 80°C. Second, functionalized FWCNTs were washed out by acetone to remove carboxylated carbonaceous fragments (CCFs) formed during CNT oxidation. Mechanical test results showed 2-fold increase in the compressive strength of the cement paste prepared from the dispersion of acetone-washed functionalized FWCNTs, which is believed to occur due to the chemical interaction between cement matrix and functional groups (-COOH and -OH). Utilisation of unwashed FWCNTs led to a marginal improvement of mechanical properties of the cement pastes, whereas surfactant-treated functionalized FWCNT dispersions only worsened the mechanical properties. Copyright © 2012 Larisa I. Nasibulina et al.
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