| 1. |
- Zamora, Juan Carlos, et al.
(författare)
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Considerations and consequences of allowing DNA sequence data as types of fungal taxa
- 2018
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Ingår i: IMA Fungus. - : INT MYCOLOGICAL ASSOC. - 2210-6340 .- 2210-6359. ; 9:1, s. 167-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nomenclatural type definitions are one of the most important concepts in biological nomenclature. Being physical objects that can be re-studied by other researchers, types permanently link taxonomy (an artificial agreement to classify biological diversity) with nomenclature (an artificial agreement to name biological diversity). Two proposals to amend the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN), allowing DNA sequences alone (of any region and extent) to serve as types of taxon names for voucherless fungi (mainly putative taxa from environmental DNA sequences), have been submitted to be voted on at the 11th International Mycological Congress (Puerto Rico, July 2018). We consider various genetic processes affecting the distribution of alleles among taxa and find that alleles may not consistently and uniquely represent the species within which they are contained. Should the proposals be accepted, the meaning of nomenclatural types would change in a fundamental way from physical objects as sources of data to the data themselves. Such changes are conducive to irreproducible science, the potential typification on artefactual data, and massive creation of names with low information content, ultimately causing nomenclatural instability and unnecessary work for future researchers that would stall future explorations of fungal diversity. We conclude that the acceptance of DNA sequences alone as types of names of taxa, under the terms used in the current proposals, is unnecessary and would not solve the problem of naming putative taxa known only from DNA sequences in a scientifically defensible way. As an alternative, we highlight the use of formulas for naming putative taxa (candidate taxa) that do not require any modification of the ICN.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Underlying Event measurements in pp collisions at root s=0.9 and 7 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present measurements of Underlying Event observables in pp collisions at root s = 0 : 9 and 7 TeV. The analysis is performed as a function of the highest charged-particle transverse momentum p(T),L-T in the event. Different regions are defined with respect to the azimuthal direction of the leading (highest transverse momentum) track: Toward, Transverse and Away. The Toward and Away regions collect the fragmentation products of the hardest partonic interaction. The Transverse region is expected to be most sensitive to the Underlying Event activity. The study is performed with charged particles above three different p(T) thresholds: 0.15, 0.5 and 1.0 GeV/c. In the Transverse region we observe an increase in the multiplicity of a factor 2-3 between the lower and higher collision energies, depending on the track p(T) threshold considered. Data are compared to PYTHIA 6.4, PYTHIA 8.1 and PHOJET. On average, all models considered underestimate the multiplicity and summed p(T) in the Transverse region by about 10-30%.
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| 4. |
- Abelev, Betty, et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of prompt J/psi and beauty hadron production cross sections at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics. - 1029-8479. ; :11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ALICE experiment at the LHC has studied J/psi production at mid-rapidity in pp collisions at root s = 7 TeV through its electron pair decay on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity L-int = 5.6 nb(-1). The fraction of J/psi from the decay of long-lived beauty hadrons was determined for J/psi candidates with transverse momentum p(t) > 1,3 GeV/c and rapidity vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9. The cross section for prompt J/psi mesons, i.e. directly produced J/psi and prompt decays of heavier charmonium states such as the psi(2S) and chi(c) resonances, is sigma(prompt J/psi) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 8.3 +/- 0.8(stat.) +/- 1.1 (syst.)(-1.4)(+1.5) (syst. pol.) mu b. The cross section for the production of b-hadrons decaying to J/psi with p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c and vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9 is a sigma(J/psi <- hB) (p(t) > 1.3 GeV/c, vertical bar y vertical bar < 0.9) = 1.46 +/- 0.38 (stat.)(-0.32)(+0.26) (syst.) mu b. The results are compared to QCD model predictions. The shape of the p(t) and y distributions of b-quarks predicted by perturbative QCD model calculations are used to extrapolate the measured cross section to derive the b (b) over bar pair total cross section and d sigma/dy at mid-rapidity.
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| 5. |
- Abolfathi, Bela, et al.
(författare)
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The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey : First Spectroscopic Data from the Extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the Second Phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment
- 2018
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Ingår i: Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. - : IOP Publishing Ltd. - 0067-0049 .- 1538-4365. ; 235:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since 2014 July. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the 14th from SDSS overall (making this Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes the data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (2014-2016 July) public. Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey; the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data-driven machine-learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from the SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS web site (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020 and will be followed by SDSS-V.
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| 6. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.522.7) and 16.5 cm (13.319.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 7. |
- Bentham, James, et al.
(författare)
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A century of trends in adult human height
- 2016
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Ingår i: eLIFE. - : eLife Sciences Publications Ltd. - 2050-084X. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Being taller is associated with enhanced longevity, and higher education and earnings. We reanalysed 1472 population-based studies, with measurement of height on more than 18.6 million participants to estimate mean height for people born between 1896 and 1996 in 200 countries. The largest gain in adult height over the past century has occurred in South Korean women and Iranian men, who became 20.2 cm (95% credible interval 17.5–22.7) and 16.5 cm (13.3– 19.7) taller, respectively. In contrast, there was little change in adult height in some sub-Saharan African countries and in South Asia over the century of analysis. The tallest people over these 100 years are men born in the Netherlands in the last quarter of 20th century, whose average heights surpassed 182.5 cm, and the shortest were women born in Guatemala in 1896 (140.3 cm; 135.8– 144.8). The height differential between the tallest and shortest populations was 19-20 cm a century ago, and has remained the same for women and increased for men a century later despite substantial changes in the ranking of countries.
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| 8. |
- DeAngelis, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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2020 WSES guidelines for the detection and management of bile duct injury during cholecystectomy
- 2021
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Ingår i: World Journal of Emergency Surgery. - : BMC. - 1749-7922. ; 16:1
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bile duct injury (BDI) is a dangerous complication of cholecystectomy, with significant postoperative sequelae for the patient in terms of morbidity, mortality, and long-term quality of life. BDIs have an estimated incidence of 0.4-1.5%, but considering the number of cholecystectomies performed worldwide, mostly by laparoscopy, surgeons must be prepared to manage this surgical challenge. Most BDIs are recognized either during the procedure or in the immediate postoperative period. However, some BDIs may be discovered later during the postoperative period, and this may translate to delayed or inappropriate treatments. Providing a specific diagnosis and a precise description of the BDI will expedite the decision-making process and increase the chance of treatment success. Subsequently, the choice and timing of the appropriate reconstructive strategy have a critical role in long-term prognosis. Currently, a wide spectrum of multidisciplinary interventions with different degrees of invasiveness is indicated for BDI management. These World Society of Emergency Surgery (WSES) guidelines have been produced following an exhaustive review of the current literature and an international expert panel discussion with the aim of providing evidence-based recommendations to facilitate and standardize the detection and management of BDIs during cholecystectomy. In particular, the 2020 WSES guidelines cover the following key aspects: (1) strategies to minimize the risk of BDI during cholecystectomy; (2) BDI rates in general surgery units and review of surgical practice; (3) how to classify, stage, and report BDI once detected; (4) how to manage an intraoperatively detected BDI; (5) indications for antibiotic treatment; (6) indications for clinical, biochemical, and imaging investigations for suspected BDI; and (7) how to manage a postoperatively detected BDI.
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| 9. |
- Demey, Lucas, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the sites and kinetics of bronchodilator response to ß-2 agonists in asthma
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601. ; 130:4, s. 1106-1113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We previously documented, in patients with asthma, three different profiles of bronchodilation induced by short-acting beta-2 mimetics (SABA), characterized by dilation up to central, preacinar, and intra-acinar airways assessed by ventilation distribution tests and associated with no change, increase, and decrease of fractional exhaled nitric oxide concentration (FENO), respectively. To investigate the dynamics of these profiles over the entire SABA action period, assuming that bronchodilation of proximal and peripheral airways could exhibit varying kinetics due to differences in the distribution of beta-2 receptors in both the central and peripheral human airways. FENO, forced expired volume in one second (FEV1), and the slope (S) of He and SF6 phase III (single-breath test) were measured in asthma patients before, and up to 6 h after SABA inhalation (salbutamol 400 mu g). S-He and S-SF6 decrease reflects pre- and intra-acinar obstruction relief, respectively. Thirty patients with asthma (12F/18M, aged 45 +/- 18 yr) were divided into groups with positive (NO +, n = 9), negative (NO-, n = 11), and no (NO=, n = 10) FENO acute change. In the NO- group, FEV1 increased for up to 4 h, whereas FENO, S-He, and S-F6 decreased in the early phase only. In stark contrast, in the NO - group, FEV1 increased in the early phase only whereas the FENO increase and the S-He decrease lasted for up to 4 h. This study documents various profiles of SABA-induced bronchodilation in patients with asthma, differing both by sites and dynamics of the bronchodilator process. So, detailed understanding of the bronchodilator effect of beta 2-agonists in asthma should not solely be limited to studying their impact on FEV1. NEW & NOTEWORTHY FEV1 increase usually observed after the inhalation of short-acting beta 2-agonists in asthma patients tends to involve peripheral airways. This study shows that the heterogeneity of responses to short-acting beta 2-agonists in asthma not only involves distinct sites of bronchodilation, but also distinct sequences between these sites. This indicates that a detailed understanding of the bronchodilator effect of beta 2-agonists in asthma should not be limited to studying its early impact on FEV1.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Michils, Alain, et al.
(författare)
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The Impact of Airway Obstruction on Feno Values in Asthma Patients.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. - : Elsevier. - 2213-2198 .- 2213-2201. ; 12:1, s. 111-117
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Exhaled nitric oxide (Feno) is used as a marker of type-2 airway inflammation in asthma management. Studies with airway challenges demonstrated that a reduction in airway caliber decreases Feno levels.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of airway caliber reduction occurring spontaneously in patients with asthma on Feno values in daily clinical practice.METHODS: In this post hoc analysis, Feno, FEV1, and asthma control questionnaire scores were recorded on each visit for 120 (1073 visits) adult patients with asthma. Blood eosinophils were measured intermittently. The intraindividual relationship between Feno and FEV1 was evaluated via a linear mixed model. The determinants of the individual mean Feno were measured by a stepwise multivariate linear model including individual mean FEV1, inhaled corticosteroid dose, asthma control questionnaire score, and blood eosinophils.RESULTS: Variations in the negative Feno-FEV1 relationship within individuals at different times were significantly determined by the individual's mean FEV1. This relationship did not hold for individuals above the 75th and below the 25th quartiles. The best explanatory variables for individual mean Feno were FEV1 (+4.3 parts per billion/10%pred) and blood eosinophil count (+1 part per billion per 100 cells/mm3).DISCUSSION: In the presence of variable degrees of heterogeneous patterns of airway inflammation, airway caliber is shown to be an independent and significant determinant of Feno when measured in patients with asthma. We would propose a +4-parts-per-billion correction factor to the measured Feno value for each 10% reduction below 100% predicted FEV1. Doing this should improve the rigor of interpretation of Feno as an indicator of type-2 inflammation in patients with low FEV1.
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| 15. |
- Perez-Bogerd, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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COPD patients with peripheral airway obstruction reversibility identified by exhaled nitric oxide
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of Breath Research. - : IOP Publishing. - 1752-7155 .- 1752-7163. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rationale:Besides its role as an inflammatory marker in asthma, fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) provides information on the extent of the airway obstruction process through evaluating its change after bronchodilation.Objective:To investigate whether FENO change after bronchodilation can identify different sites of airway obstruction in COPD patients.Methods:FENO, FEV(1 )and the slopes (S) of the alveolar plateau of the single breath washout test (SBWT) were measured in 61 stable COPD patients (FEV1 34.5% predicted) before and after the inhalation of 400 mu g salbutamol. SBWT used Helium (He), and sulfur-hexafluoride (SF6). Obstruction relief occurring in pre-acinar and intra-acinar small airways is expected to decrease S-He and S-F6 , respectively. Indices changes (Delta) after bronchodilation were expressed as a percentage of pre-bronchodilation values.Results:FENO stability (vertical bar Delta FENO vertical bar <= 11%) was observed in 19 patients [-2.7(6.7)%] [mean (SD)] (NO = group); Delta FENO > 11% [+37.4(27.7)%] in 20 patients (NO+group) and Delta FENO < -11% in 22 patients [-31.2(9.8)%] (NO- group). A similar Delta FEV1 (p = 0.583; [+9.4(9.6)%]) was found in the three groups. In NO = and NO+ groups, neither S-He nor S-SF6 changed; in NO- both S-He [-12.4(27.5)%, p = 0.007] and S-SF6 [ -20.2(20.4)%, p < 0.001] significantly decreased.Conclusion:Different patterns of FENO response to beta(2) -agonists were observed in COPD most likely depending on the extent of the dilation process. A profile of airway obstruction with an extensive beta(2) -agonist response down to lung periphery is identified by FENO reduction after acute bronchodilation in 30% of COPD patients. The clinical relevance of this profile requires further investigation.
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| 16. |
- Perez-Bogerd, Silvia, et al.
(författare)
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LAMA improve tissue oxygenation more than LABA in patients with COPD.
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of applied physiology. - 8750-7587 .- 1522-1601.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The effect of bronchodilators is mainly assessed with forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) in COPD. Their impact on oxygenation and lung periphery is less known. Objectives To compare the action of long-acting ß2-agonists (LABA-olodaterol) and muscarinic antagonists (LAMA-tiotropium) on tissue oxygenation in COPD, considering their impact on proximal and peripheral ventilation as well as lung perfusion. Methods FEV1, Helium slope (SHe) from a single-breath washout test (SHe decrease reflecting a peripheral ventilation improvement), frequency dependence of resistance (R5-R19), area under reactance (AX), lung capillary blood volume (Vc) from double diffusion (DLNO/DLCO) and transcutaneous oxygenation (TcO2) were measured before and 2 hours post-LABA (day 1) and LAMA (day 3) in 30 COPD patients (FEV1 54±18% pred; GOLD A 31%/B 48%/E 21%) after 5-7 days of washout, respectively. Results TcO2 increased more (p=0.03) after LAMA (11±12%from baseline, p<0001) compared to LABA (4±11%, p=0.06) despite a lower FEV1 increase (p=0.03) and similar SHe (p=0.98), AX (p=0.63) and R5-R19 decreases (p=0.37). TcO2 and SHe changes were negatively correlated (r=-0.47, p=0.01) after LABA, not after LAMA (r=0.10, p=0.65). DLNO/DLCO decreased and Vc increased after LAMA (p=0.04; p=0.01, respectively) but not after LABA (p=0.53; p=0.24). Conclusion LAMA significantly improved tissue oxygenation in COPD patients, while only a trend was observed with LABA. The mechanisms involved may differ between both drugs: LABA increased peripheral ventilation while LAMA increased lung capillary blood volume. Should oxygenation differences persist over time, LAMA could arguably become the first therapeutic choice in COPD.
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| 17. |
- Zhou, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: A pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier B.V.. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 387:10027, s. 1513-1530
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: One of the global targets for non-communicable diseases is to halt, by 2025, the rise in the age standardised adult prevalence of diabetes at its 2010 levels. We aimed to estimate worldwide trends in diabetes, how likely it is for countries to achieve the global target, and how changes in prevalence, together with population growth and ageing, are aff ecting the number of adults with diabetes.Methods: We pooled data from population-based studies that had collected data on diabetes through measurement of its biomarkers. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends in diabetes prevalence-defined as fasting plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol/L or higher, or history of diagnosis with diabetes, or use of insulin or oral hypoglycaemic drugs-in 200 countries and territories in 21 regions, by sex and from 1980 to 2014. We also calculated the posterior probability of meeting the global diabetes target if post-2000 trends continue.Findings: We used data from 751 studies including 4372000 adults from 146 of the 200 countries we make estimates for. Global age-standardised diabetes prevalence increased from 4.3% (95% credible interval 2.4-17.0) in 1980 to 9.0% (7.2-11.1) in 2014 in men, and from 5.0% (2.9-7.9) to 7.9% (6.4-9.7) in women. The number of adults with diabetes in the world increased from 108 million in 1980 to 422 million in 2014 (28.5% due to the rise in prevalence, 39.7% due to population growth and ageing, and 31.8% due to interaction of these two factors). Age-standardised adult diabetes prevalence in 2014 was lowest in northwestern Europe, and highest in Polynesia and Micronesia, at nearly 25%, followed by Melanesia and the Middle East and north Africa. Between 1980 and 2014 there was little change in age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adult women in continental western Europe, although crude prevalence rose because of ageing of the population. By contrast, age-standardised adult prevalence rose by 15 percentage points in men and women in Polynesia and Micronesia. In 2014, American Samoa had the highest national prevalence of diabetes (>30% in both sexes), with age-standardised adult prevalence also higher than 25% in some other islands in Polynesia and Micronesia. If post-2000 trends continue, the probability of meeting the global target of halting the rise in the prevalence of diabetes by 2025 at the 2010 level worldwide is lower than 1% for men and is 1% for women. Only nine countries for men and 29 countries for women, mostly in western Europe, have a 50% or higher probability of meeting the global target.Interpretation: Since 1980, age-standardised diabetes prevalence in adults has increased, or at best remained unchanged, in every country. Together with population growth and ageing, this rise has led to a near quadrupling of the number of adults with diabetes worldwide. The burden of diabetes, both in terms of prevalence and number of adults aff ected, has increased faster in low-income and middle-income countries than in high-income countries.
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| 18. |
- Ananías, Rubén A., et al.
(författare)
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Collapse of Eucalyptus nitens Wood after Drying Depending on the Radial Location Within the Stem
- 2014
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Ingår i: Drying Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0737-3937 .- 1532-2300. ; 32:14, s. 1699-1705
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collapse is almost certain to occur in the industrial drying of Eucalyptus nitens, and as such this prevents the lumber manufacturing industry in Chile from producing commercial solid wood products from this species. This problem is still unsolved, and different studies to reduce collapse are currently underway. In this exploratory study, shrinkage and collapse after drying of Eucalyptus nitens was measured for boards cut from different radial locations within the stem (core, transition and outer wood from pith to bark) and having different annual ring orientation (flat-sawn and quarter-sawn). Even though exploratory, the results appear to confirm that pieces that were cut from the center of the trees were less susceptible to collapse than the pieces cut from the transition zone between the center and the periphery. On average, collapse in transition wood was approximately 50% higher than the collapse observed in wood cut from the central zone of the trees.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Atar, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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Rationale and Design of the 'MITOCARE' Study: A Phase II, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of TRO40303 for the Reduction of Reperfusion Injury in Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention for Acute Myocardial Infarction
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cardiology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9751 .- 0008-6312. ; 123:4, s. 201-207
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) by reperfusion using percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or thrombolysis has provided clinical benefits; however, it also induces considerable cell death. This process is called reperfusion injury. The continuing high rates of mortality and heart failure after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) emphasize the need for improved strategies to limit reperfusion injury and improve clinical outcomes. The objective of this study is to assess safety and efficacy of TRO40303 in limiting reperfusion injury in patients treated for STEMI. TRO40303 targets the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, a promising target for the prevention of reperfusion injury. This multicenter, double-blind study will randomize patients with STEMI to TRO40303 or placebo administered just before balloon inflation or thromboaspiration during PCI. The primary outcome measure will be reduction in infarct size (assessed as plasma creatine kinase and troponin I area under the curve over 3 days). The main secondary endpoint will be infarct size normalized to the myocardium at risk (expressed by the myocardial salvage index assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance). The study is being financed under an EU-FP7 grant and conducted under the auspices of the MITOCARE research consortium, which includes experts from clinical and basic research centers, as well as commercial enterprises, throughout Europe. Results from this study will contribute to a better understanding of the complex pathophysiology underlying myocardial injury after STEMI. The present paper describes the rationale, design and the methods of the trial. Copyright (c) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel
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| 21. |
- Boquete, María Teresa, et al.
(författare)
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Current and historical factors drive variation of reproductive traits in unisexual mosses in Europe : A case study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Systematics and Evolution. - : Wiley. - 1674-4918 .- 1759-6831. ; 61:1, s. 213-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unisexual bryophytes provide excellent models to study the mechanisms that regulate the frequency of sexual versus asexual reproduction in plants, and their ecological and evolutionary implications. Here, we determined sex expression, phenotypic sex ratio, and individual shoot traits in 242 populations of the cosmopolitan moss Pseudoscleropodium purum spanning its whole distributional range. We tested whether niche differentiation, sex-specific differences in shoot size, and biogeographical history explained the spatial variation of reproductive traits. We observed high levels of sex expression and predominantly female-biased populations, although both traits showed high intraspecific variation among populations. Sex expression and sex ratio were partly explained by current macroscale environmental variation, with male shoots being less frequent at the higher end of the environmental gradients defined by the current distribution of the species. Female bias in population sex ratio was significantly lower in areas recolonized after the last glacial maximum (recent populations) than in glacial refugia (long-term persistent populations). We demonstrated that reproductive trait variation in perennial unisexual mosses is partially driven by macroscale and historical environmental variation. Based on our results, we hypothesize that sexual dimorphism in environmental tolerance and vegetative growth contribute to sex ratio bias over time, constraining the chances of sexual reproduction, especially in long-term persistent populations. Further studies combining genetic analyses and population monitoring should improve our understanding of the implications of the intraspecific variation in the frequency of sexual versus asexual reproduction in bryophyte population fitness and eco-evolutionary dynamics.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Deutsch, Eric W., et al.
(författare)
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Expanding the Use of Spectral Libraries in Proteomics
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 17:12, s. 4051-4060
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 2017 Dagstuhl Seminar on Computational Proteomics provided an opportunity for a broad discussion on ABSTRACT: The 2017 Dagstuhl Seminar on Computational the current state and future directions of the generation and use of peptide tandem mass spectrometry spectral libraries. Their use in proteomics is growing slowly, but there are multiple challenges in the field that must be addressed to further increase the adoption of spectral libraries and related techniques. The primary bottlenecks are the paucity of high quality and comprehensive libraries and the general difficulty of adopting spectral library searching into existing workflows. There are several existing spectral library formats, but none captures a satisfactory level of metadata; therefore, a logical next improvement is to design a more advanced, Proteomics Standards Initiative-approved spectral library format that can encode all of the desired metadata. The group discussed a series of metadata requirements organized into three designations of completeness or quality, tentatively dubbed bronze, silver, and gold. The metadata can be organized at four different levels of granularity: at the collection (library) level, at the individual entry (peptide ion) level, at the peak (fragment ion) level, and at the peak annotation level. Strategies for encoding mass modifications in a consistent manner and the requirement for encoding high-quality and commonly seen but as-yet-unidentified spectra were discussed. The group also discussed related topics, including strategies for comparing two spectra, techniques for generating representative spectra for a library, approaches for selection of optimal signature ions for targeted workflows, and issues surrounding the merging of two or more libraries into one. We present here a review of this field and the challenges that the community must address in order to accelerate the adoption of spectral libraries in routine analysis of proteomics datasets.
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| 24. |
- Dupret, Vincent, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Vertebrate macroremains as stratigraphic markers : the case of the Lower Devonian “Kujdanowiaspis assemblage” from Podolia (Ukraine) and Celtiberia (Spain)
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The vertebrate fauna, including chondrichthyan microremains and osteostracan and placoderm macroremains encountered in the Lower Devonian (i.e. Lochkovian and Pragian) deposits from Podolia (Ukraine; see list in Voichyshyn, 2001) was considered as unique. Unfortunately, because of the Old Red Sandstone facies, the stratigraphic boundaries were very difficult to determine. Until recently, most of the units were lithologic. The occurrence of the arthrodire placoderm Kujdanowiaspis buczacziensis has since been proposed to mark the beginning of the Pragian, owing to a number of correlations between fossil distributions (i.e. the pteraspidiform Althaspis) in Western Europe and Podolia (Dupret and Blieck, 2009).Recently, the long time “unique” placoderm and chondrichthyan faunal assemblage from Podolia has been found in Spain (Martinez-Pérez et al., in press; Dupret et al., submitted). The absence of K. buczacziensis, nevertheless, leads us to consider an age older than Pragian, i.e. late Lochkovian. This dating confirms previous works mainly based on invertebrates and conodonts. These “double check” processes confirm the possibility of using macrovertebrate remains for stratigraphic purposes.The occurence of the same fauna during the Late Lochkovian in Podolia (southern margin of Laurussia) and in Spain (Armorican ”block”, part of northern margin of Gondwana or independant component), leads us to favour palaeogeographic reconstructions showing a proximity between both palaeo-provinces, allowing for the formation of, at least, punctual migratory paths. Moreover, the Old Red Sandstones have long been considered as non-marine deposits, especially in Podolia, despite the discovery of seldom brachiopod (lingulid) fragments. The similar faunal composition between Podolia and Celtiberia (the latter being clearly marine) challenges the non-marine status of the Podolian deposits.
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| 25. |
- Garcia Represa, Jaime, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Investigation of Microservice-Based Workflow Management Solutions for Industrial Automation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Applied Sciences. - : MDPI. - 2076-3417. ; 13:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an era ruled by data and information, engineers need new tools to cope with the increased complexity of industrial operations. New architectural models for industry enable open communication environments, where workflows can play a major role in providing flexible and dynamic interactions between systems. Workflows help engineers maintain precise control over their factory equipment and Information Technology (IT) services, from the initial design stages to plant operations. The current application of workflows departs from the classic business workflows that focus on office automation systems in favor of a manufacturing-oriented approach that involves direct interaction with cyber-physical systems (CPSs) on the shop floor. This paper identifies relevant industry-related challenges that hinder the adoption of workflow technology, which are classified within the context of a cohesive workflow lifecycle. The classification compares the various workflow management solutions and systems used to monitor and execute workflows. These solutions have been developed alongside the Eclipse Arrowhead framework, which provides a common infrastructure for designing systems according to the microservice architectural principles. This paper investigates and compares various solutions for workflow management and execution in light of the associated industrial requirements. Further, it compares various microservice-based approaches and their implementation. The objective is to support industrial stakeholders in their decision-making with regard to choosing among workflow management solutions.
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| 26. |
- Garcia Represa, Jaime, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Workflow management solutions based on microservices
- 2024
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Ingår i: IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2644-1284.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an era ruled by data and information, workflows are the tools used by engineers to obtain precise control over their factory equipment and Information Technology (IT) services. The study of workflows differentiates two kinds: scientific workflows, focus on the data-flow, and business workflows, task and control-flow oriented. In this work we focus on the latter type, studying and comparing various workflow management approaches, the systems used to monitor and execute workflows. The development inside the Arrowhead framework has lead to different alternatives for workflow management and execution, some closer to the original business process field where the term workflow management originated, while others deal with lower-level systems, the kind of cyber-physical systems that will populate factories in the forthcoming Industry 4.0
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| 27. |
- Glodzik, Dominik, et al.
(författare)
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A somatic-mutational process recurrently duplicates germline susceptibility loci and tissue-specific super-enhancers in breast cancers
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 49:3, s. 341-348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Somatic rearrangements contribute to the mutagenized landscape of cancer genomes. Here, we systematically interrogated rearrangements in 560 breast cancers by using a piecewise constant fitting approach. We identified 33 hotspots of large (>100 kb) tandem duplications, a mutational signature associated with homologous-recombination-repair deficiency. Notably, these tandem-duplication hotspots were enriched in breast cancer germline susceptibility loci (odds ratio (OR) = 4.28) and breast-specific 'super-enhancer' regulatory elements (OR = 3.54). These hotspots may be sites of selective susceptibility to double-strand-break damage due to high transcriptional activity or, through incrementally increasing copy number, may be sites of secondary selective pressure. The transcriptomic consequences ranged from strong individual oncogene effects to weak but quantifiable multigene expression effects. We thus present a somatic-rearrangement mutational process affecting coding sequences and noncoding regulatory elements and contributing a continuum of driver consequences, from modest to strong effects, thereby supporting a polygenic model of cancer development.
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| 28. |
- Herbin, Olivier, et al.
(författare)
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Regulatory T-Cell Response to Apolipoprotein B100-Derived Peptides Reduces the Development and Progression of Atherosclerosis in Mice
- 2012
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Ingår i: Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology. - 1524-4636. ; 32:3, s. 144-605
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective-The immunoinflammatory response plays a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. Recent studies suggested an important role for regulatory T (Treg) cells in the inhibition of disease-related vascular inflammation. We hypothesized that induction of a specific Treg cell response to atherosclerosis-relevant antigens would be an attractive strategy to limit the development and progression of atherosclerosis through the promotion of immune tolerance. Methods and Results-Young or old Apoe(-/-) mice were subcutaneously infused for 2 weeks with either a control ovalbumin (OVA) peptide or with apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100)-derived peptides without adjuvant. Atherosclerosis development, progression and immunologic status were assessed at 8 weeks after the end of the infusion. Treatment with ApoB100 peptides led to significant reduction of lesion development in young Apoe(-/-) mice (P=0.001 versus OVA group) and abrogated atherosclerosis progression in old Apoe(-/-) mice with already established lesions (0% progression in ApoB100 versus 17% in OVA group, P<0.005). Limitation of plaque progression was associated with reduced vascular inflammation and increased collagen content, indicative of plaque stabilization. Infusion of ApoB100 peptides did not alter antibody production but promoted a specific Treg cell response, which was associated with a reduction of both T helper type 1-related and T helper type 2-related cytokines. Interestingly, depletion of CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells abrogated ApoB100 peptides-dependent immune modulation and atheroprotection. Conclusion-Subcutaneous infusion of adjuvant-free ApoB100-derived peptides to Apoe(-/-) mice reduces atherosclerosis through the induction of a specific Treg cell response. (Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2012;32:605-612.)
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| 29. |
- Karam, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Outcomes of rescue procedures in the management of locally recurrent ampullary tumors : A Pancreas 2000/EPC study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Surgery (United States). - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6060. ; 173:5, s. 1254-1262
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Ampullary lesions are rare and can be locally treated either with endoscopic papillectomy or transduodenal surgical ampullectomy. Management of local recurrence after a first-line treatment has been poorly studied. Methods: Patients with a local recurrence of an ampullary lesion initially treated with endoscopic papillectomy or transduodenal surgical ampullectomy were retrospectively included from a multi-institutional database (58 centers) between 2005 and 2018. Results: A total of 103 patients were included, 21 (20.4%) treated with redo endoscopic papillectomy, 14 (13.6%) with transduodenal surgical ampullectomy, and 68 (66%) with pancreaticoduodenectomy. Redo endoscopic papillectomy had low morbidity with 4.8% (n = 1) severe to fatal complications and a R0 rate of 81% (n = 17). Transduodenal surgical ampullectomy and pancreaticoduodenectomy after a first procedure had a higher morbidity with Clavien III and more complications, respectively, 28.6% (n = 4) and 25% (n = 17); R0 resection rates were 85.7% (n = 12) and 92.6% (n = 63), both without statistically significant difference compared to endoscopic papillectomy (P = .1 and 0.2). Pancreaticoduodenectomy had 4.4% (n = 2) mortality. No deaths were registered after transduodenal surgical ampullectomy or endoscopic papillectomy. Recurrences treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy were more likely to be adenocarcinomas (79.4%, n = 54 vs 21.4%, n = 3 for transduodenal surgical ampullectomy and 4.8%, n = 1 for endoscopic papillectomy, P < .0001). Three-year overall survival and disease-free survival were comparable. Conclusion: Endoscopy is appropriate for noninvasive recurrences, with resection rate and survival outcomes comparable to surgery. Surgery applies more to invasive recurrences, with transduodenal surgical ampullectomy rather for carcinoma in situ and early cancers and pancreaticoduodenectomy for more advanced tumors.
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| 30. |
- LeDuc, Richard D., et al.
(författare)
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Proteomics Standards Initiative's ProForma 2.0 : Unifying the Encoding of Proteoforms and Peptidoforms br
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Proteome Research. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1535-3893 .- 1535-3907. ; 21:4, s. 1189-1195
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- It is important for the proteomics community to have a standardizedmanner to represent all possible variations of a protein or peptide primary sequence,including natural, chemically induced, and artifactual modifications. The HumanProteome Organization Proteomics Standards Initiative in collaboration with severalmembers of the Consortium for Top-Down Proteomics (CTDP) has developed astandard notation called ProForma 2.0, which is a substantial extension of the originalProForma notation developed by the CTDP. ProForma 2.0 aims to unify therepresentation of proteoforms and peptidoforms. ProForma 2.0 supports use casesneeded for bottom-up and middle-/top-down proteomics approaches and allows theencoding of highly modified proteins and peptides using a human- and machine-readable string. ProForma 2.0 can be used to represent protein modifications in a specified or ambiguous location, designated bymass shifts, chemical formulas, or controlled vocabulary terms, including cross-links (natural and chemical) and atomic isotopes.Notational conventions are based on public controlled vocabularies and ontologies. The most up-to-date full specification documentand information about software implementations are available athttp://psidev.info/proforma.
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| 31. |
- Massart, Annick, et al.
(författare)
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The DESCARTES-Nantes survey of kidney transplant recipients displaying clinical operational tolerance identifies 35 new tolerant patients and 34 almost tolerant patients
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0931-0509 .- 1460-2385. ; 31:6, s. 1002-1013
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. Kidney recipients maintaining a prolonged allograft survival in the absence of immunosuppressive drugs and without evidence of rejection are supposed to be exceptional. The ERA-EDTA-DESCARTES working group together with Nantes University launched a European-wide survey to identify new patients, describe them and estimate their frequency for the first time. Methods. Seventeen coordinators distributed a questionnaire in 256 transplant centres and 28 countries in order to report as many 'operationally tolerant' patients (TOL; defined as having a serum creatinine <1.7 mg/dL and proteinuria <1 g/day or g/g creatinine despite at least 1 year without any immunosuppressive drug) and 'almost tolerant' patients (minimally immunosuppressed patients (MIS) receiving low-dose steroids) as possible. We reported their number and the total number of kidney transplants performed at each centre to calculate their frequency. Results. One hundred and forty-seven questionnaires were returned and we identified 66 TOL (61 with complete data) and 34 MIS patients. Of the 61 TOL patients, 26 were previously described by the Nantes group and 35 new patients are presented here. Most of them were noncompliant patients. At data collection, 31/35 patients were alive and 22/31 still operationally tolerant. For the remaining 9/31, 2 were restarted on immunosuppressive drugs and 7 had rising creatinine of whom 3 resumed dialysis. Considering all patients, 10-year death-censored graft survival post-immunosuppression weaning reached 85% in TOL patients and 100% in MIS patients. With 218 913 kidney recipients surveyed, cumulative incidences of operational tolerance and almost tolerance were estimated at 3 and 1.5 per 10 000 kidney recipients, respectively. Conclusions. In kidney transplantation, operational tolerance and almost tolerance are infrequent findings associated with excellent long-term death-censored graft survival.
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| 32. |
- Navarro, Montserrat Perez, et al.
(författare)
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Ammonia binding to the oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II identifies the solvent-exchangeable oxygen bridge (µ-oxo) of the manganese tetramer
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 110:39, s. 15561-15566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The assignment of the two substrate water sites of the tetramanganese penta-oxygen calcium (Mn4O5Ca) cluster of photosystem II is essential for the elucidation of the mechanism of biological O-O bond formation and the subsequent design of bio-inspired water-splitting catalysts. We recently demonstrated using pulsed EPR spectroscopy that one of the five oxygen bridges (mu-oxo) exchanges unusually rapidly with bulk water and is thus a likely candidate for one of the substrates. Ammonia, a water analog, was previously shown to bind to the Mn4O5Ca cluster, potentially displacing a water/substrate ligand [Britt RD, et al. (1989) J Am Chem Soc 111(10):3522-3532]. Here we show by a combination of EPR and time-resolved membrane inlet mass spectrometry that the binding of ammonia perturbs the exchangeable mu-oxo bridge without drastically altering the binding/exchange kinetics of the two substrates. In combination with broken-symmetry density functional theory, our results show that (i) the exchangable mu-oxo bridge is O5 {using the labeling of the current crystal structure [Umena Y, et al. (2011) Nature 473(7345):55-60]}; (ii) ammonia displaces a water ligand to the outer manganese (Mn-A4-W1); and (iii) as W1 is trans to O5, ammonia binding elongates the Mn-A4-O5 bond, leading to the perturbation of the mu-oxo bridge resonance and to a small change in the water exchange rates. These experimental results support O-O bond formation between O5 and possibly an oxyl radical as proposed by Siegbahn and exclude W1 as the second substrate water.
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| 33. |
- Pérez-Peña, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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Hygromechanical strains during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens boards
- 2016
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Ingår i: MADERAS. - 0717-3644 .- 0718-221X. ; 18:2, s. 235-244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collapse and drying stresses are currently induced during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens in solid wood products. The purpose of this study was to investigate these drying stresses by measuring hygromechanical strains during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens boards. Small samples of Eucalyptus nitens wood were oriented in the radial and tangential directions and tested to determine the hygromechanical strains during the drying process. This experimental work consisted of cantilevered bending tests conducted under variable relative humidity conditions. Tests were performed in a conditioning chamber at 30 °C with an equilibrium moisture content ranging from 22 to 12% under four levels of stress: 0, 10, 20 and 30% of the rupture load. The strains were determined using strain gauges, and the total deflection was measured with a linear variable differential transformer. The results show that in hygromechanical strains during the drying of Eucalyptus nitens, both the surface deformation and mechano-sorption strain were found to be proportional to the applied stress and reached their maximum values in the tangential direction. The total deflection increased 0.18 mm/mm with a surface deformation of 0.20 mm/mm, and the mechano-sorptive strain provides a greater contribution with a value of 0.11 mm/mm, thus corresponding to 59% of the total deformation. In attempts to improve the drying schedules of Eucalyptus nitens to develop solid wood products, mechano-sorptive behavior may be applied to relieve collapse and drying stress.
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| 34. |
- Richards, Stephen, et al.
(författare)
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Genome Sequence of the Pea Aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS biology. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1544-9173 .- 1545-7885. ; 8:2, s. e1000313-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aphids are important agricultural pests and also biological models for studies of insect-plant interactions, symbiosis, virus vectoring, and the developmental causes of extreme phenotypic plasticity. Here we present the 464 Mb draft genome assembly of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. This first published whole genome sequence of a basal hemimetabolous insect provides an outgroup to the multiple published genomes of holometabolous insects. Pea aphids are host-plant specialists, they can reproduce both sexually and asexually, and they have coevolved with an obligate bacterial symbiont. Here we highlight findings from whole genome analysis that may be related to these unusual biological features. These findings include discovery of extensive gene duplication in more than 2000 gene families as well as loss of evolutionarily conserved genes. Gene family expansions relative to other published genomes include genes involved in chromatin modification, miRNA synthesis, and sugar transport. Gene losses include genes central to the IMD immune pathway, selenoprotein utilization, purine salvage, and the entire urea cycle. The pea aphid genome reveals that only a limited number of genes have been acquired from bacteria; thus the reduced gene count of Buchnera does not reflect gene transfer to the host genome. The inventory of metabolic genes in the pea aphid genome suggests that there is extensive metabolite exchange between the aphid and Buchnera, including sharing of amino acid biosynthesis between the aphid and Buchnera. The pea aphid genome provides a foundation for post-genomic studies of fundamental biological questions and applied agricultural problems.
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| 35. |
- Vu Trung, Kien, et al.
(författare)
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Endoscopic papillectomy for ampullary lesions of minor papilla
- 2024
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Ingår i: Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. - 0016-5107. ; 99:4, s. 587-595.e1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and Aims: Ampullary lesions (ALs) of the minor duodenal papilla are extremely rare. Endoscopic papillectomy (EP) is a routinely used treatment for AL of the major duodenal papilla, but the role of EP for minor AL has not been accurately studied. Methods: We identified 20 patients with ALs of minor duodenal papilla in the multicentric database from the Endoscopic Papillectomy vs Surgical Ampullectomy vs Pancreatitcoduodenectomy for Ampullary Neoplasm study, which included 1422 EPs. We used propensity score matching (nearest-neighbor method) to match these cases with ALs of the major duodenal papilla based on age, sex, histologic subtype, and size of the lesion in a 1:2 ratio. Cohorts were compared by means of chi-square or Fisher exact test as well as Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Propensity score–based matching identified a cohort of 60 (minor papilla 20, major papilla 40) patients with similar baseline characteristics. The most common histologic subtype of lesions of minor papilla was an ampullary adenoma in 12 patients (3 low-grade dysplasia and 9 high-grade dysplasia). Five patients revealed nonneoplastic lesions. Invasive cancer (T1a), adenomyoma, and neuroendocrine neoplasia were each found in 1 case. The rate of complete resection, en-bloc resection, and recurrences were similar between the groups. There were no severe adverse events after EP of lesions of minor papilla. One patient had delayed bleeding that could be treated by endoscopic hemostasis, and 2 patients showed a recurrence in surveillance endoscopy after a median follow-up of 21 months (interquartile range, 12-50 months). Conclusions: EP is safe and effective in ALs of the minor duodenal papilla. Such lesions could be managed according to guidelines for EP of major duodenal papilla.
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| 36. |
- Zemojtel-Piotrowska, Magdalena A., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of Psychological Entitlement in 28 Countries
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Psychological Assessment. - : Hogrefe & Huber Publishers. - 1015-5759 .- 2151-2426. ; 33:3, s. 207-217
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents the cross-cultural validation of the Entitlement Attitudes Questionnaire, a tool designed to measure three facets of psychological entitlement: active, passive, and revenge entitlement. Active entitlement was defined as the tendency to protect individual rights based on self-worthiness. Passive entitlement was defined as the belief in obligations to and expectations toward other people and institutions for the fulfillment of the individual's needs. Revenge entitlement was defined as the tendency to protect one's individual rights when violated by others and the tendency to reciprocate insults. The 15-item EAQ was validated in a series of three studies: the first one on a general Polish sample (N = 1,900), the second one on a sample of Polish students (N = 199), and the third one on student samples from 28 countries (N = 5,979). A three-factor solution was confirmed across all samples. Examination of measurement equivalence indicated partial metric invariance of EAQ for all national samples. Discriminant and convergent validity of the EAQ was also confirmed.
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