| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
|
|
| 7. |
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
- Aoyama, T., et al.
(författare)
-
The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon in the Standard Model
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Physics reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-1573 .- 1873-6270. ; 887, s. 1-166
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the present status of the Standard Model calculation of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. This is performed in a perturbative expansion in the fine-structure constant α and is broken down into pure QED, electroweak, and hadronic contributions. The pure QED contribution is by far the largest and has been evaluated up to and including O(α5) with negligible numerical uncertainty. The electroweak contribution is suppressed by (mμ/MW)2 and only shows up at the level of the seventh significant digit. It has been evaluated up to two loops and is known to better than one percent. Hadronic contributions are the most difficult to calculate and are responsible for almost all of the theoretical uncertainty. The leading hadronic contribution appears at O(α2) and is due to hadronic vacuum polarization, whereas at O(α3) the hadronic light-by-light scattering contribution appears. Given the low characteristic scale of this observable, these contributions have to be calculated with nonperturbative methods, in particular, dispersion relations and the lattice approach to QCD. The largest part of this review is dedicated to a detailed account of recent efforts to improve the calculation of these two contributions with either a data-driven, dispersive approach, or a first-principle, lattice-QCD approach. The final result reads aμSM = 116 591 810(43) x 10-11 and is smaller than the Brookhaven measurement by 3.7 σ. The experimental uncertainty will soon be reduced by up to a factor four by the new experiment currently running at Fermilab, and also by the future J-PARC experiment. This and the prospects to further reduce the theoretical uncertainty in the near future - which are also discussed here - make this quantity one of the most promising places to look for evidence of new physics.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Longo, C., et al.
(författare)
-
Delphi Consensus Among International Experts on the Diagnosis, Management, and Surveillance for Lentigo Maligna
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Dermatology Practical & Conceptual. - 2160-9381. ; 13:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Melanoma of the lentigo maligna (LM) type is challenging. There is lack of consensus on the optimal diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up. Objectives: To obtain general consensus on the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up for LM. Methods: A modified Delphi method was used. The invited participants were either members of the International Dermoscopy Society, academic experts, or authors of published articles relating to skin cancer and melanoma. Participants were required to respond across three rounds using a 4-point Likert scale). Consensus was defined as >75% of participants agreeing/strongly agreeing or disagreeing/strongly disagreeing. Results: Of the 31 experts invited to participate in this Delphi study, 29 participants completed Round 1 (89.9% response rate), 25/31 completed Round 2 (77.5% response rate), and 25/31 completed Round 3 (77.5% response rate). Experts agreed that LM diagnosis should be based on a clinical and dermatoscopic approach (92%) followed by a biopsy. The most appropriate primary treatment of LM was deemed to be margin-controlled surgery (83.3%), although non-surgical modalities, especially imiquimod, were commonly used either as alternative off-label primary treatment in selected patients or as adjuvant therapy following surgery; 62% participants responded life-long clinical follow-up was needed for LM. Conclusions: Clinical and histological diagnosis of LM is challenging and should be based on macroscopic, dermatoscopic, and RCM examination followed by a biopsy. Different treatment modalities and follow-up should be carefully discussed with the patient.
|
|
| 15. |
- Storch, Eric A., et al.
(författare)
-
Little Doubt That CBT Works for Pediatric OCD
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0890-8567. ; 59:7, s. 785-787
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We write with great concern in response to the recent systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) by Uhre et al.1 Although the authors’ results consistently support the clinical efficacy of CBT for pediatric OCD, we expect that, much like ourselves, readers will be confused by the discordant and inappropriate conclusions that they put forward. These conclusions stem from the authors’ application and interpretation of their particular qualitative methods, which could lead important stakeholders (eg, parents, patients, clinicians, and payers) to wrongly discount clear evidence for what is known to be the best evidence-based therapy for pediatric OCD.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Mishra, Devesh, et al.
(författare)
-
Parabrachial Interleukin-6 Reduces Body Weight and Food Intake and Increases Thermogenesis to Regulate Energy Metabolism
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Cell Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 2211-1247. ; 26:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic low-grade inflammation and increased serum levels of the cytokine IL-6 accompany obesity. For brain-produced IL-6, the mechanisms by which it controls energy balance and its role in obesity remain unclear. Here, we show that brain-produced IL-6 is decreased in obese mice and rats in a neuro-anatomically and sex-specific manner. Reduced IL-6 mRNA localized to lateral parabrachial nucleus (IPBN) astrocytes, microglia, and neurons, including paraventricular hypothalamus-innervating IPBN neurons. IL-6 microinjection into IPBN reduced food intake and increased brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis in male lean and obese rats by increasing thyroid and sympathetic outflow to BAT. Parabrachial IL-6 interacted with leptin to reduce feeding. siRNA-mediated reduction of IPBN IL-6 leads to increased weight gain and adiposity, reduced BAT thermogenesis, and increased food intake. Ambient cold exposure partly normalizes the obesity-induced suppression of IPBN IL-6. These results indicate that IPBN-produced IL-6 regulates feeding and metabolism and pinpoints (patho)physiological contexts interacting with IPBN IL-6.
|
|
| 19. |
- van Hoof, P. A. M., et al.
(författare)
-
Herschel images of NGC 6720 : H-2 formation on dust grains
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 518, s. L137-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Herschel PACS and SPIRE images have been obtained of NGC 6720 (the Ring nebula). This is an evolved planetary nebula with a central star that is currently on the cooling track, due to which the outer parts of the nebula are recombining. From the PACS and SPIRE images we conclude that there is a striking resemblance between the dust distribution and the H-2 emission, which appears to be observational evidence that H-2 forms on grain surfaces. We have developed a photoionization model of the nebula with the Cloudy code which we used to determine the physical conditions of the dust and investigate possible formation scenarios for the H-2. We conclude that the most plausible scenario is that the H-2 resides in high density knots which were formed after the recombination of the gas started when the central star entered the cooling track. Hydrodynamical instabilities due to the unusually low temperature of the recombining gas are proposed as a mechanism for forming the knots. H-2 formation in the knots is expected to be substantial after the central star underwent a strong drop in luminosity about one to two thousand years ago, and may still be ongoing at this moment, depending on the density of the knots and the properties of the grains in the knots.
|
|
| 20. |
- Bauzá-Thorbrügge, Marco, et al.
(författare)
-
Adipocyte-specific ablation of the Ca2+ pump SERCA2 impairs whole-body metabolic function and reveals the diverse metabolic flexibility of white and brown adipose tissue.
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Molecular metabolism. - : Elsevier BV. - 2212-8778. ; 63
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) transports Ca2+ from the cytosol into the endoplasmic retitculum (ER) and is essential for appropriate regulation of intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that SERCA pumps are involved in the regulation of white adipocyte hormone secretion and other aspects of adipose tissue function and that this control is disturbed in obesity-induced type-2 diabetes.SERCA expression was measured in isolated human and mouse adipocytes as well as in whole mouse adipose tissue by Western blot and RT-qPCR. To test the significance of SERCA2 in adipocyte functionality and whole-body metabolism, we generated adipocyte-specific SERCA2 knockout mice. The mice were metabolically phenotyped by glucose tolerance and tracer studies, histological analyses, measurements of glucose-stimulated insulin release in isolated islets, and gene/protein expression analyses. We also tested the effect of pharmacological SERCA inhibition and genetic SERCA2 ablation in cultured adipocytes. Intracellular and mitochondrial Ca2+ levels were recorded with dual-wavelength ratio imaging and mitochondrial function was assessed by Seahorse technology.We demonstrate that SERCA2 is downregulated in white adipocytes from patients with obesity and type-2 diabetes as well as in adipocytes from diet-induced obese mice. SERCA2-ablated adipocytes display disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis associated with upregulated ER stress markers and impaired hormone release. These adipocyte alterations are linked to mild lipodystrophy, reduced adiponectin levels, and impaired glucose tolerance. Interestingly, adipocyte-specific SERCA2 ablation leads to increased glucose uptake in white adipose tissue while the glucose uptake is reduced in brown adipose tissue. This dichotomous effect on glucose uptake is due to differently regulated mitochondrial function. In white adipocytes, SERCA2 deficiency triggers an adaptive increase in fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), increased mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) levels, and increased oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In contrast, brown SERCA2 null adipocytes display reduced OCR despite increased mitochondrial content and UCP1 levels compared to wild type controls.Our data suggest causal links between reduced white adipocyte SERCA2 levels, deranged adipocyte Ca2+ homeostasis, adipose tissue dysfunction and type-2 diabetes.
|
|
| 21. |
|
|
| 22. |
- Falgas, N., et al.
(författare)
-
Contribution of CSF biomarkers to early-onset Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia neuroimaging signatures
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Human Brain Mapping. - : Wiley. - 1065-9471 .- 1097-0193. ; 41:8, s. 2004-2013
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Prior studies have described distinct patterns of brain gray matter and white matter alterations in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), as well as differences in their cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers profiles. We aim to investigate the relationship between early‐onset AD (EOAD) and FTLD structural alterations and CSF biomarker levels. We included 138 subjects (64 EOAD, 26 FTLD, and 48 controls), all of them with a 3T MRI brain scan and CSF biomarkers available (the 42 amino acid‐long form of the amyloid‐beta protein [Aβ42], total‐tau protein [T‐tau], neurofilament light chain [NfL], neurogranin [Ng], and 14‐3‐3 levels). We used FreeSurfer and FSL to obtain cortical thickness (CTh) and fraction anisotropy (FA) maps. We studied group differences in CTh and FA and described the “AD signature” and “FTLD signature.” We tested multiple regression models to find which CSF‐biomarkers better explained each disease neuroimaging signature. CTh and FA maps corresponding to the AD and FTLD signatures were in accordance with previous literature. Multiple regression analyses showed that the biomarkers that better explained CTh values within the AD signature were Aβ and 14‐3‐3; whereas NfL and 14‐3‐3 levels explained CTh values within the FTLD signature. Similarly, NfL levels explained FA values in the FTLD signature. Ng levels were not predictive in any of the models. Biochemical markers contribute differently to structural (CTh and FA) changes typical of AD and FTLD.
|
|
| 23. |
- Komai, Ali, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
White Adipocyte Adiponectin Exocytosis Is Stimulated via beta(3)-Adrenergic Signaling and Activation of Epac1: Catecholamine Resistance in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 0012-1797 .- 1939-327X. ; 65:11, s. 3301-3313
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated the physiological regulation of adiponectin exocytosis in health and metabolic disease by a combination of membrane capacitance patch-clamp recordings and biochemical measurements of short-term (30-min incubations) adiponectin secretion. Epinephrine or the beta(3)-adrenergic receptor (AR) agonist CL 316,243 (CL) stimulated adiponectin exocytosis/secretion in cultured 3T3-L1 and in primary subcutaneous mouse adipocytes, and the stimulation was inhibited by the Epac (Exchange Protein directly Activated by cAMP) antagonist ESI-09. The beta(3)AR was highly expressed in cultured and primary adipocytes, whereas other ARs were detected at lower levels. 3T3-L1 and primary adipocytes expressed Epac1, whereas Epac2 was undetectable. Adiponectin secretion could not be stimulated by epinephrine or CL in adipocytes isolated from obese/type 2 diabetic mice, whereas the basal (unstimulated) adiponectin release level was elevated twofold. Gene expression of beta(3)AR and Epac1 was reduced in adipocytes from obese animals, and corresponded to a respective similar to 35% and similar to 30% reduction at the protein level. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of beta(3)AR (similar to 60%) and Epac1 (similar to 50%) was associated with abrogated catecholamine-stimulated adiponectin secretion. We propose that adiponectin exocytosis is stimulated via adrenergic signaling pathways mainly involving beta(3)ARs. We further suggest that adrenergically stimulated adiponectin secretion is disturbed in obesity/type 2 diabetes as a result of the reduced expression of beta(3)ARs and Epac1 in a state we define as "catecholamine resistance."
|
|
| 24. |
- Pastrana, S., et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of classification algorithms for intrusion detection in MANETs
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Knowledge-Based Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 0950-7051. ; 36, s. 217-225
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks without fixed infrastructure based on the cooperation of independent mobile nodes. The proliferation of these networks and their use in critical scenarios (like battlefield communications or vehicular networks) require new security mechanisms and policies to guarantee the integrity, confidentiality and availability of the data transmitted. Intrusion Detection Systems used in wired networks are inappropriate in this kind of networks since different vulnerabilities may appear due to resource constraints of the participating nodes and the nature of the communication. This article presents a comparison of the effectiveness of six different classifiers to detect malicious activities in MANETs. Results show that Genetic Programming and Support Vector Machines may help considerably in detecting malicious activities in MANETs. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 25. |
- Peris, Eduard, et al.
(författare)
-
Antioxidant treatment induces reductive stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 294:7, s. 2340-2352
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- beta-Adrenergic stimulation of adipose tissue increases mitochondrial density and activity (browning) that are associated with improved whole-body metabolism. Whereas chronically elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in adipose tissue contribute to insulin resistance, transient ROS elevation stimulates physiological processes such as adipogenesis. Here, using a combination of biochemical and cell and molecular biology-based approaches, we studied whether ROS or antioxidant treatment affects beta 3-adrenergic receptor (beta 3-AR) stimulation-induced adipose tissue browning. We found that beta 3-AR stimulation increases ROS levels in cultured adipocytes, but, unexpectedly, pretreatment with different antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, vitamin E, or GSH ethyl ester) did not prevent this ROS increase. Using fluorescent probes, we discovered that the antioxidant treatments instead enhanced beta 3-AR stimulation-induced mitochondrial ROS production. This pro-oxidant effect of antioxidants was, even in the absence of beta 3-AR stimulation, associated with decreased oxygen consumption and increased lactate production in adipocytes. We observed similar antioxidant effects in WT mice: N-acetylcysteine blunted beta 3-AR stimulation-induced browning of white adipose tissue and reduced mitochondrial activity in brown adipose tissue even in the absence of beta 3-AR stimulation. Furthermore, N-acetylcysteine increased the levels of peroxiredoxin 3 and superoxide dismutase 2 in adipose tissue, indicating increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. We interpret this negative impact of antioxidants on oxygen consumption in vitro and adipose tissue browning in vivo as essential adaptations that prevent a further increase in mitochondrial ROS production. In summary, these results suggest that chronic antioxidant supplementation can produce a paradoxical increase in oxidative stress associated with mitochondrial dysfunction in adipocytes.
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
| 27. |
- Persson Waye, Kerstin, 1959, et al.
(författare)
-
Assessing the exposure-response relationship of sleep disturbance and vibration in field and laboratory settings
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0269-7491. ; 245, s. 558-567
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exposure to nocturnal freight train vibrations may impact sleep, but exposure-response relationships are lacking. The European project CargoVibes evaluated sleep disturbance both in the field and in the laboratory and provides unique data, as measures of response and exposure metrics are comparable. This paper therefore provides data on exposure-response relationships of vibration and sleep disturbance and compares the relationships evaluated in the laboratory and the field. Two field studies (one in Poland and one in the Netherlands) with 233 valid respondents in total, and three laboratory studies in Sweden with a total of 59 subjects over 350 person-nights were performed. The odds ratios (OR) of sleep disturbance were analyzed in relation to nighttime vibration exposure by ordinal logit regression, adjusting for moderating factors common for the studies. Outcome specific fractions were calculated for eleven sleep outcomes and supported comparability between the field and laboratory settings. Vibration exposure was significantly associated with sleep disturbance, OR = 3.51 (95% confidence interval 2.6–4.73) denoting a three and a half times increase in the odds of sleep disturbance with one unit increased 8 h nighttime log10 Root Mean Square vibration. The results suggest no significant difference between field and laboratory settings OR = 1.37 (0.59–3.19). However, odds of sleep disturbance were higher in the Netherlands as compared to Sweden, indicating unexplained differences between study populations or countries, possibly related to cultural and contextual differences and uncertainties in exposure assessments. Future studies should be carefully designed to record explanatory factors in the field and enhance ecological validity in the laboratory. Nevertheless, the presented combined data set provides a first set of exposure response relationships for vibration-induced sleep disturbance, which are useful when considering public health outcomes among exposed populations. Exposure-response relationships of vibration exposure from trains and sleep disturbance were derived from laboratory studies and field studies, with no significant differences between the settings. © 2018 The Authors
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
|
|
| 30. |
|
|
