| 1. |
- Amici, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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A Roadmap for Transforming Research to Invent the Batteries of the Future Designed within the European Large Scale Research Initiative BATTERY 2030
- 2022
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 12:17
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This roadmap presents the transformational research ideas proposed by "BATTERY 2030+," the European large-scale research initiative for future battery chemistries. A "chemistry-neutral" roadmap to advance battery research, particularly at low technology readiness levels, is outlined, with a time horizon of more than ten years. The roadmap is centered around six themes: 1) accelerated materials discovery platform, 2) battery interface genome, with the integration of smart functionalities such as 3) sensing and 4) self-healing processes. Beyond chemistry related aspects also include crosscutting research regarding 5) manufacturability and 6) recyclability. This roadmap should be seen as an enabling complement to the global battery roadmaps which focus on expected ultrahigh battery performance, especially for the future of transport. Batteries are used in many applications and are considered to be one technology necessary to reach the climate goals. Currently the market is dominated by lithium-ion batteries, which perform well, but despite new generations coming in the near future, they will soon approach their performance limits. Without major breakthroughs, battery performance and production requirements will not be sufficient to enable the building of a climate-neutral society. Through this "chemistry neutral" approach a generic toolbox transforming the way batteries are developed, designed and manufactured, will be created.
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| 2. |
- Edström, Kristina, Professor, 1958-
(författare)
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Battery 2030+ Roadmap
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate change is the biggest challenge facing the world today. Europe is committed to achieving a climate-neutral society by 2050, as stated in the European Green Deal.1 The transition towards a climate-neutral Europe requires fundamental changes in the way we generate and use energy. If batteries can be made simultaneously more sustainable, safe, ultrahigh performing, and affordable, they will be true enablers, “accelerating the shift towards sustainable and smart mobility; supplying clean, affordable and secure energy; and mobilizing industry for a clean and circular economy” - all of which are important elements of the UN Sustainable Development Goals.In other words, batteries are a key technology for battling carbon dioxide emissions from the transport, power, and industry sectors. However, to reach our sustainability goals, batteries must exhibit ultra-high performance beyond their capabilities today. Ultra-high performance includes energy and power performance approaching theoretical limits, outstanding lifetime and reliability, and enhanced safety and environmental sustainability. Furthermore, to be commercially successful, these batteries must support scalability that enables cost-effective large-scale production.BATTERY 2030+, is the large-scale, long-term European research initiative with the vision of inventing the sustainable batteries of the future, to enable Europe to reach the goals envisaged in the European Green Deal. BATTERY 2030+ is at the heart of a green and connected society.BATTERY 2030+ will contribute to create a vibrant battery research and development (R&D) community in Europe, focusing on long-term research that will continuously feed new knowledge and technologies throughout the value chain, resulting in new products and innovations. In addition, the initiative will attract talent from across Europe and contribute to ensure access to competences needed for ongoing societal transformation.The BATTERY 2030+ aims are:• to invent ultra-high performance batteries that are safe, affordable, and sustainable, witha long lifetime.• to provide new tools and breakthrough technologies to the European battery industrythroughout the value chain.• to enable long-term European leadership in both existing markets (e.g., transport andstationary storage) and future emerging sectors (e.g., robotics, aerospace, medical devices, and Internet of things)With this roadmap, BATTERY 2030+ advocates research directions based on a chemistry-neutral approach that will allow Europe to reach or even surpass its ambitious battery performance targets set in the European Strategic Energy Technology Plan (SET-Plan)3 and foster innovation throughout the battery value chain.
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| 3. |
- Barbe, Jeremy, et al.
(författare)
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Silicon nanocrystals on amorphous silicon carbide alloy thin films : Control of film properties and nanocrystals growth
- 2012
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Ingår i: Thin Solid Films. - : Elsevier. - 0040-6090 .- 1879-2731. ; 522, s. 136-144
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study demonstrates the growth of silicon nanocrystals on amorphous silicon carbide alloy thin films. Amorphous silicon carbide films [a-Si1 − xCx:H (with x < 0.3)] were obtained by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition from a mixture of silane and methane diluted in hydrogen. The effect of varying the precursor gas-flow ratio on the film properties was investigated. In particular, a wide optical band gap (2.3 eV) was reached by using a high methane-to-silane flow ratio during the deposition of the a-Si1 − xCx:H layer. The effect of short-time annealing at 700 °C on the composition and properties of the layer was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was observed that the silicon-to-carbon ratio in the layer remains unchanged after short-time annealing, but the reorganization of the film due to a large dehydrogenation leads to a higher density of SiC bonds. Moreover, the film remains amorphous after the performed short-time annealing. In a second part, it was shown that a high density (1 × 1012 cm− 2) of silicon nanocrystals can be grown by low pressure chemical vapor deposition on a-Si0.8C0.2 surfaces at 700 °C, from silane diluted in hydrogen. The influence of growth time and silane partial pressure on nanocrystals size and density was studied. It was also found that amorphous silicon carbide surfaces enhance silicon nanocrystal nucleation with respect to SiO2, due to the differences in surface chemical properties.
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| 4. |
- O'Brien, Shane, et al.
(författare)
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Indium tin oxide-silicon nanocrystal nanocomposite grown by aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0928-0707 .- 1573-4846. ; 73:3, s. 666-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nanocomposite films were successfully grown by aerosol-assisted chemical vapour deposition (CVD) in a single deposition step using a mixture of indium tin neodecanoate and ligand stabilised silicon nanocrystals. Samples were analysed by HRTEM and silicon nanocrystals with a density of 1.2 x 10(12) cm(-2) were observed. From the reconstructed 3D tomogram, the averaged distance between the nearest nanoparticles is 8.3 nm and the 3D density of nanoparticles is 1.6 x 10(18) cm(-3). An animation of the 3D reconstruction is supplied in the supporting information. These data show the versatility of aerosol assisted CVD in achieving a nanocomposite with such a density of silicon nanocrystals, of carefully controlled size and shape, within a polycrystalline host matrix. Therefore, meeting the density and size distribution requirements of particle inclusion in active nanocomposites for photovoltaic structures. ITO-silicon nanocrystal nanocomposite samples were analysed by HRTEM and silicon nanocrystals with a density of 1.2 x 10(12) cm(-2) were observed. From the reconstructed 3D tomogram, the averaged distance between the nearest nanoparticles is 8.3 nm and the 3D density of nanoparticles is 1.6 x 10(18) cm(-3). [GRAPHICS] .
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| 5. |
- Perraud, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Silicon nanocrystals : Novel synthesis routes for photovoltaic applications
- 2013
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Ingår i: Physica status solidi. A, Applied research. - : Wiley. - 0031-8965 .- 1521-396X. ; 210:4, s. 649-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel processes were developed for fabricating silicon nanocrystals and nanocomposite materials which could be used as absorbers in third generation photovoltaic devices. A conventional high-temperature annealing technique was studied as a reference process, with some new insights in crystallisation mechanisms. Innovative methods for silicon nanocrystal synthesis at much lower temperature were demonstrated, namely chemical vapour deposition (CVD), physical vapour deposition (PVD) and aerosol-assisted CVD. Besides the advantage of low substrate temperature, these new techniques allow to fabricate silicon nanocrystals embedded in wide bandgap semiconductor host matrices, with a high density and a narrow size dispersion.
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| 6. |
- Xie, Ling, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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The visualization of Silicon nanoparticles by 3D electron tomography
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Microscopy Congress, Manchester, 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Silicon nanoparticles (NP) size and spatial distribution in three-dimension (3D) are two critical parameters for the operation of “all-Si” tandem solar cells. The 3D distribution of Silicon NPs embedded in insulating or semiconducting matrices has attracted much interest for this third generation of photovoltaics. In this work, silicon NPs have been deposited by low pressure chemical vapour deposition (LPCVD) on a silicon carbide alloy thin-film at low temperature (700ºC) [1]. The aim of this study is to show how silicon nanoparticles are distributed in 3D on a silicon carbide thin film.
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