| 1. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 2. |
- Larén, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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Fear of falling in acute stroke: The Fall Study of Gothenburg (FallsGOT)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Topics in Stroke Rehabilitation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1074-9357 .- 1945-5119. ; 25:4, s. 256-260
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Little is known about which factors are associated with a patient’s fear of falling (FoF) after acute stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate baseline variables and their association with FoF during rehabilitation in acute stroke. Patients and methods: The study population consisted of the 462 patients with acute stroke who were admitted to a stroke unit, included in the observational study “The Fall Study in Gothenburg (FallsGOT)” and were able to answer a single question: “Are you afraid of falling?” (Yes/No). To analyze any association between FoF and clinical variables, univariable and multivariable stepwise multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: In the stepwise multivariable regression analysis, only female sex (OR=2.25 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.46–3.46, p=0.0002]), the use of a walking aid (OR 3.40, [95% CI 2.12–5.43, p<0.0001]), and postural control as assessed with the SwePASS total score were statistically significant associated with FoF. Among patients with a SwePASS score of 24 or less, the OR was 9.41 [95% CI 5.13–17.25, p<0.0001] for FoF compared to patients with a SwePASS score of 31 or above; among the patients with a SwePASS score of 25–30, the OR was 2.29 [95% CI=1.36–3.83, p=0.0017]. Conclusions: Our findings provide valuable insight for those involved in stroke rehabilitation during the acute phase after stroke. FoF is associated with poor postural control, female sex and the use of a walking aid. © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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| 3. |
- Sivertsson, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-dependent regulation of kidney mitochondrial function by angiotensin II
- 2023
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Ingår i: Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences. - : Uppsala Medical Society. - 0300-9734 .- 2000-1967. ; 128:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Intrarenal hypoxia has been suggested a unifying pathway to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and increased mitochondria leak respiration, which increases mitochondrial oxygen usage and is one important mechanism contributing to the development of the hypoxia. Previous studies indicate that angiotensin II (Ang II) effects on mitochondria function could be dose dependent. We investigated how moderate and high levels of Ang II affect kidney mitochondria function and pathways of leak respiration. Methods: C57 black 6 mice were treated with either vehicle or Ang II in low dose (400 ng/kg/min) or high dose (1,000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks. The function of kidney cortex mitochondria was measured by high-resolution respirometry. Ang II effects on gene expression in kidney tissue were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Thiobarbituric acids reactive substances were determined as a marker of oxidative stress, and urinary protein excretion was measured as a maker of kidney injury. Results: Low-dose Ang II induced overall mitochondria respiration, without compromising capacity of ATP production. Mitochondrial leak respiration was increased, and levels of oxidative stress were unchanged. However, high-dose Ang II decreased overall mitochondria respiration and reduced mitochondrial capacity for ATP production. Mitochondrial leak respiration was decreased, and oxidative stress increased in kidney tissue. Furthermore, gene expression of mediators that stimulate vasoconstriction and ROS production was increased, while components of counteracting pathways were decreased. Conclusions: In conclusion, Ang II dose-dependently affects mitochondrial function and leak respiration. Thus, Ang II has the potential to directly affect cellular metabolism during conditions of altered Ang II signaling.
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| 4. |
- Ahmed, Hesham, et al.
(författare)
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Energy Efficient Recycling of in-Plant Fines
- 2014
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Ingår i: Proceedings of World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. - 2010-376X .- 2070-3740. ; 8:6, s. 485-491
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Numerous amounts of metallurgical dusts and sludge containing iron as well as some other valuable elements such as Zn, Pb and C are annually produced in the steelmaking industry. These alternative iron ore resources (fines) with unsatisfying physical and metallurgical properties are difficult to recycle. However, agglomerating these fines to be further used as a feed stock for existing iron and steelmaking processes is practiced successfully at several plants but for limited extent.In the present study, briquettes of integrated steelmaking industry waste materials (namely, BF-dust and sludge, BOF-dust and sludge) were used as feed stock to produce direct reduced iron (DRI). Physical and metallurgical properties of produced briquettes were investigated by means of TGA/DTA/QMS in combination with XRD. Swelling, softening and melting behavior were also studied using heating microscope.
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| 5. |
- Ahmed, Hesham, et al.
(författare)
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Reduction Behaviour of Self-reducing Blends of In-plant Fines in Inert Atmosphere
- 2015
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Ingår i: ISIJ International. - 0915-1559 .- 1347-5460. ; 55:10, s. 2082-2089
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large amount of dust and sludge recovered during cleaning of iron and steel making process gases are annually put on landfill or intermediate storage. These by-products have high contents of iron (Fe) and carbon (C) that potentially could be utilized in the steel industry. However, due to the presence of impuritycompounds as well as the unsuitable physical properties, these by-products cannot be recycled directly. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the possibilities to recover the valuable components Fe and C in these by-products and thereby decrease the need of landfills at the steel plants as well as reduce the consumption of virgin materials, including fossil coal, and reduce CO2 emissions. A recycling route has been investigated by means of laboratory trials and FactSage thermodynamic modeling. Four different blends of BF and BOF dusts and sludges are prepared in predetermined ratios. Reduction behavior of each blend is studied using TG/DTA/QMS and in-situ high temperature X-ray diffraction. High temperature physical properties like softening, swelling and melting are also investigated by means of heatingmicroscope. The obtained results indicate the feasibility of both minimizing the impurity elements as well as recovering of valuable components.
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| 6. |
- Ahmed, Hesham, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of Steelmaking Industry Waste Materials in Producing Direct Reduced Iron
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The depletion of coke reserves and the raised environmental concerns motivated researchers to work on alternative iron-making processes. Large amount of metallurgical dusts and sludge containing iron and C are produced in the steelmaking industry. These alternative iron ore resources (fines) with poor hydrophilicity are difficult to recycle. The idea of briquetting such wastes containing iron to be used as a feed stock for steelmaking industry is practiced successfully at several plants.In the present study, agglomerates of integrated steelmaking industry waste materials were used as feed stock to produce direct reduced iron (DRI). The reduction behavior of blends of different waste materials (namely, BF dust and sludge, BOF dust and sludge) were investigated thoroughly utilizing TGA/DTA/QMS in combination with XRD.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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Natur på skolgården för lärande, hälsa och hållbarhet
- 2024. - 2024
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Gröna och artrika utemiljöer främjar barns och ungas välbefinnande och kunskap, bådegenom hälsofördelar kopplade till biologisk mångfald och genom att skapa förutsättningarför lek och lärande om natur och miljöfrågor. Skolgården skulle kunna bidra till allt detta,men är idag i hög grad en outnyttjad plats för biologisk mångfald och klimatanpassningav städer. I denna policy brief presenteras huvudsakliga motiv och möjliga åtgärder för attutveckla gröna miljöer och biologisk mångfald på skolgårdar och förskolegårdar.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Eklund, Daniel, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Vitamin D enhances IL-1β secretion and restricts growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages from TB patients
- 2013
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Ingår i: International journal of mycobacteriology. - Netherlands : Wolters Kluwer. - 2212-5531. ; 2:1, s. 18-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), the bacterium responsible for tuberculosis (TB), has rekindled the interest in the role of nutritional supplementation of micronutrients, such as vitamin D, as adjuvant treatment. Here, the growth of virulent MTB in macrophages obtained from the peripheral blood of patients with and without TB was studied. The H37Rv strain genetically modified to express Vibrio harveyi luciferase was used to determine the growth of MTB by luminometry in the human monocyte-derived macrophages (hMDMs) from study subjects. Determination of cytokine levels in culture supernatants was performed using a flow cytometry-based bead array technique. No differences in intracellular growth of MTB were observed between the different study groups. However, stimulation with 100nM 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D significantly enhanced the capacity of hMDMs isolated from TB patients to control the infection. This effect was not observed in hMDMs from the other groups. The interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-10 release by hMDMs was clearly increased upon stimulation with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Furthermore, the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D stimulation also led to elevated levels of TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-12p40. It was concluded that vitamin D triggers an inflammatory response in human macrophages with enhanced secretion of cytokines, as well as enhancing the capacity of hMDMs from patients with active TB to restrict mycobacterial growth.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Helldén, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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Climate change adaptation across the life-course - from pregnancy to adolescence – it’s time to advance the field of climate change and child health
- 2023
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Ingår i: Environmental Research. Health. - : Institute of Physics (IOP). - 2752-5309. ; 1:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Children are bearing and will continue to bear a high burden from climate change, through directand indirect pathways. Climate change adaptation interventions are essential to limit the currentand projected impacts of climate change on child health. However, the perspective of children andtheir health with regards to adaptation in research and policy is limited. Ensuring that adaptationinterventions are context specific, consider interrelated barriers to implementation and leverageexisting structures including multisectoral collaboration is vital. Further, a life-course perspectiveon child health and well-being could serve as a template for tailoring adaptation interventions tothe specific vulnerabilities and needs of specific development periods of the child. A meaningfulengagement of children and young persons in the design and implementation of adaptationinterventions is essential to increase effectiveness and uptake. With climate change effectingmillions of children worldwide, it is high time to put child health at the center of adaptation.
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| 14. |
- Houkes, Ruben, et al.
(författare)
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Classification systems of cleft lip, alveolus and palate : results of an international survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; , s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to identify commonly used classification systems by cleft providers around the world, including the perceived indications and limitations of each system.Design: A cross-sectional survey.Participants: A total of 197 registrants from three international cleft/craniofacial meetings.Interventions: Participants were sent a web-based questionnaire concerning cleft classification systems.Main outcome measures: Frequency of commonly used classification systems, their perceived indications and limitations.Results: A total of 197 respondents from 166 different centers completed the questionnaire. Healthcare professionals from all disciplines responded, with the most frequent respondents being plastic surgeons (38.1%), maxillofacial surgeons (28.4%) and orthodontists (23.9%). Eighteen different classification systems were in use. The most frequently used systems were the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) (35.5%), LAHSHAL (34.0%), and Veau (32.5%) classification systems. Most respondents (32.5%) indicated that anatomical and morphological characteristics are essential components of a classification system. However, respondents indicated that their current classification systems lacked sufficient description of cleft extension and severity.Conclusions: Great variety in the use of classification systems exists among craniofacial specialists internationally. The results recommend the usage of the LAHSHAL classification of OFCs, due to its comprehensiveness, relatively high implementation rate globally, convenience of usage and complementarity with the ICD-10 system. Moreover, it can overcome deficiencies inextricably linked to ICD-10, such as incapacity to describe laterality and clefts of the alveolus. More international exposure to the merits of using the LAHSHAL classification system would be highly recommended.
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| 15. |
- Houkes, Ruben, et al.
(författare)
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Classification systems of cleft lip, alveolus and palate : results of an international survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; , s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to identify commonly used classification systems by cleft providers around the world, including the perceived indications and limitations of each system. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Participants: A total of 197 registrants from three international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Interventions: Participants were sent a web-based questionnaire concerning cleft classification systems. Main outcome measures: Frequency of commonly used classification systems, their perceived indications and limitations. Results: A total of 197 respondents from 166 different centers completed the questionnaire. Healthcare professionals from all disciplines responded, with the most frequent respondents being plastic surgeons (38.1%), maxillofacial surgeons (28.4%) and orthodontists (23.9%). Eighteen different classification systems were in use. The most frequently used systems were the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) (35.5%), LAHSHAL (34.0%), and Veau (32.5%) classification systems. Most respondents (32.5%) indicated that anatomical and morphological characteristics are essential components of a classification system. However, respondents indicated that their current classification systems lacked sufficient description of cleft extension and severity. Conclusions: Great variety in the use of classification systems exists among craniofacial specialists internationally. The results recommend the usage of the LAHSHAL classification of OFCs, due to its comprehensiveness, relatively high implementation rate globally, convenience of usage and complementarity with the ICD-10 system. Moreover, it can overcome deficiencies inextricably linked to ICD-10, such as incapacity to describe laterality and clefts of the alveolus. More international exposure to the merits of using the LAHSHAL classification system would be highly recommended.
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| 16. |
- Ivarsson, Andreas, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Predictive ability of psychological factors with future performance of football players : a systematic review with meta-analysis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. - Chatswood : Elsevier. - 1440-2440 .- 1878-1861. ; 23:4, s. 415-420
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: This systematic review had 3 key objectives: (1) to investigate whether psychological factors were associated with future football performance (e.g., progression to professional football, better game statistics during the next season); (2) to critically review the methodological approaches used in the included studies and summarize the evidence for the current research question; (3) to provide guidelines for future studies.Design: Systematic ReviewMethods: Electronic databases (SPORTDiscus, PubMed and PsycINFO) and previously published systematic and scoping reviews were searched. Only prospective studies were considered for inclusion.Results: Eleven published studies that reported 39 effect sizes were included. Psychological factors; task orientation, task-oriented coping strategies and perceptual-cognitive functions had small effects on future performance in football (ds = 0.20-0.29). Due to high risk of bias there were low certainty of evidence for psychological factors relationship with future football performance.Conclusions: Psychological factors investigated showed small effects on future football performance, however, there was overall uncertainty in this evidence due to various sources of bias in the included studies. Therefore psychological factors cannot be used as a sole deciding factor in player recruitment, retention, release strategies, however it would appear appropriate to include these in the overall decision-making process. Future, studies with more appropriate and robust research designs are urgently needed to provide more certainty around their actual role. © 2019 Sports Medicine Australia. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Jacobsson, Amanda, et al.
(författare)
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”Ambulanssjukvården behöver genomgripande förändringar”
- 2021
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Ingår i: Dagens Medicin. - : Dagens Medicin. - 1402-1943. ; :2021-06-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Debattörer från Ambulance health research network vill se en nationell ledningsstruktur, ökad evidens för vården, akademisk kompetens i ledningsfunktioner samt en nationell utbildnings- och kompetensstandard.
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| 19. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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| 20. |
- Lindahl, Bernt, et al.
(författare)
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Health literacy is independently and inversely associated with carotid artery plaques and cardiovascular risk
- 2020
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Ingår i: European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. - : Sage Publications. - 2047-4873 .- 2047-4881. ; 27:2, s. 209-215
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims: Health literacy, the degree to which individuals understand and act upon health information, may have a pivotal role in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), with low health literacy potentially explaining poorer adherence to prevention guidelines. We investigated the associations between health literacy, ultrasound-detected carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors.Methods: Baseline data (cross-sectional analysis) from a randomized controlled trial, integrated within the Västerbotten Intervention Program, Northern Sweden, was used. We included 3459 individuals, aged 40 or 50 years with ≥1 conventional risk factor or aged 60 years old. The participants underwent clinical examination, blood sampling, carotid ultrasound assessment of intima-media wall thickness (CIMT) and plaque formation, and answered a questionnaire on health literacy – the Brief Health Literacy Screen. The European Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation and Framingham Risk Score were calculated.Results: About 20% of the participants had low health literacy. Low health literacy was independently associated with the presence of ultrasound-detected carotid artery plaques after adjustment for age and education, odds ratio (95% confidence interval) 1.54 (1.28–1.85), demonstrating a similar level of risk as for smoking. Health literacy was associated with CIMT in men. Low health literacy was associated with higher CVD risk scores. Sensitivity analyses with low health literacy set to 9% or 30% of the study sample, respectively, yielded essentially the same results.Conclusions: Low health literacy was independently associated with carotid artery plaques and a high level of CVD risk scores. Presenting health information in a fashion that is understood by all patients may improve preventive efforts.
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| 21. |
- Pedersén, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging the Intention–Behaviour Gap in Second-Hand Clothing
- 2021
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Ingår i: Social and Sustainability Marketing. - New York : Routledge. - 9781003188186 - 9781032036021 ; , s. 249-276
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Clothes aren't going to change the world. The women who wear them will.Anne KleinHow do Swedish female intenders and actors differ with respect to the purchase of second-hand clothes?Overconsumption exists in diverse product categories where consumers purchase products they do not really need, thereby impacting the environment. To reduce this impact, strategies have been proposed to limit the environmental damage including changing customer behaviour. One consumer-based strategy is to encourage consumers to purchase second-hand clothes. However, while customers are open to implementing this strategy, some consumers (intenders) state they intend to purchase them, but do not always translate this intention into action, suggesting an intention-behaviour gap. Other consumer groups (actors) translate their intentions into action. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that differentiate these two consumer groups with respect to bridging the intention-behaviour gap, specifically among Swedish women. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews using a questionnaire guide. Responses were analysed using thematic analysis. The results of this study showed that the behaviour of intenders tends to have a weak social support system (family and friends) (barrier), poor availability of products (barrier), low task- and maintenance of self-efficacy, high recovery self-efficacy, and no planning. In contrast, the behaviour of actors can be characterised by strong social support system, good availability, high task- and recovery self-efficacy, medium to high maintenance self-efficacy, and planning. By focusing on the behaviour of these two groups, recommendations are made to enable intenders to become actors, i.e. by implementing sustainable behaviours, we provide suggestions of how marketers can encourage sustainable behaviours.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Persson, Hans Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Alveolar macrophages from patients with tuberculosis exhibit reduced capacity of restricting growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a pilot study of vitamin D stimulation in vitro
- 2013
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Ingår i: Microbiology Discovery. - United Kingdom : Herbert Publications PVT LTD. - 2052-6180. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The role of vitamin D supplementation as adjuvant treatment of tuberculosis (TB) has lately attracted increasing interest. Our aim was to investigate the capacity of alveolar macrophages (AMs) from patients with or without exposure to TB to control intracellular growth of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Methods: AMs were freshly harvested from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 7 patients with a history of TB (4 patients with previous TB and 3 patients with current TB) and 4 non-TB subjects. The H37Rv strain, genetically modified to express Vibrio harveyi luciferase, was used to determine the growth of Mtb by luminometry in the AMs from study subjects. Cytokine levels in culture supernatants were determined using a flow cytometry-based bead array technique. Results: AMs from patients with a TB history were less efficient in restricting Mtb growth. Stimulation with 100 nM1, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25D3) did not significantly influence the capacity of AMs from any study subjects to control the infection. Out of the cytokines evaluated (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-10 and IL-12p40) only TNF-α demonstrated detectable levels in culture supernatants, but did not respond to stimulation with 1,25D3. Conclusions: We conclude that AMs of TB-patients show reduced ability to control mycobacterial growth in vitro, and, that AMs in this pilot study do no respond to 1, 25D3-stimulation. The former observation supports the concept that innate immunity is crucial for the control of TB infection.
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| 24. |
- Ruprecht, Colin, et al.
(författare)
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Transcript and Metabolite Profiling for the Evaluation of Tobacco Tree and Poplar as Feedstock for the Bio-based Industry
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Visualized Experiments. - : MyJove Corporation. - 1940-087X. ; :87, s. e51393-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The global demand for food, feed, energy and water poses extraordinary challenges for future generations. It is evident that robust platforms for the exploration of renewable resources are necessary to overcome these challenges. Within the multinational framework MultiBioPro we are developing biorefinery pipelines to maximize the use of plant biomass. More specifically, we use poplar and tobacco tree (Nicotiana glauca) as target crop species for improving saccharification, isoprenoid, long chain hydrocarbon contents, fiber quality, and suberin and lignin contents. The methods used to obtain these outputs include GC-MS, LC-MS and RNA sequencing platforms. The metabolite pipelines are well established tools to generate these types of data, but also have the limitations in that only well characterized metabolites can be used. The deep sequencing will allow us to include all transcripts present during the developmental stages of the tobacco tree leaf, but has to be mapped back to the sequence of Nicotiana tabacum. With these set-ups, we aim at a basic understanding for underlying processes and at establishing an industrial framework to exploit the outcomes. In a more long term perspective, we believe that data generated here will provide means for a sustainable biorefinery process using poplar and tobacco tree as raw material. To date the basal level of metabolites in the samples have been analyzed and the protocols utilized are provided in this article.
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| 25. |
- Sivertsson, Ebba, et al.
(författare)
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Dose-dependent angiotensin II regulation of mitochondrial function – involvement of Uncoupling protein and Adenine nucleotide translocator
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Increased angiotensin II (Ang II) signaling has been implicated in several conditions associated with the development of chronic kidney disease, including hypertension and diabetes. Increased mitochondrial leak respiration has been shown to be a contributing factor to development of intrarenal hypoxia, a unifying mechanism for chronic kidney disease. However, the link between increased Ang II signaling and renal mitochondrial leak respiration is less clear. We therefore investigated how increased Ang II signaling affects leak respiration of kidney cortex mitochondria by focusing on the two main components of regulated leak respiration, i.e. uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) and adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT).Wild-type and UCP2 deficient mice were randomly assigned to receive either vehicle or Ang II in low dose (400 ng/kg/min) or high dose (1000 ng/kg/min) for 4 weeks via osmotic minipumps. Thereafter, mitochondria function was measured by high resolution respirometry and gene expressions of the different UCP isoforms, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 1-3 and angiotensin receptor isoforms were measured by quantitative real time PCR. Thiobarbituric acids reactive substances (TBARS) was determined in kidney cortex as a marker of oxidative stress status.Low dose Ang II increased overall mitochondria respiration, but only improved respiratory control ratio in UCP2 deficient animals. However, high dose Ang II decreased overall mitochondria respiration, as a result of reduced mitochondrial efficiency for ATP production, independently of genotype. These effects were accompanied by alterations in regulated mitochondrial leak respiration and correlated to oxidative stress status.In conclusion, Ang II dose-dependently effects mitochondrial function and leak respiration. When intact, both ANT- and UCP2-dependent pathways maintain mitochondrial function during moderate Ang II signaling, whereas during high Ang II signaling overall mitochondrial function is compromised independently of ANT- or UCP2-mediated pathways.
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| 26. |
- Turner, Anita J., et al.
(författare)
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Fetal tubuloglomerular feedback in an ovine model of mild maternal renal disease
- 2015
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Ingår i: Physiological Reports. - : WILEY. - 2051-817X. ; 3:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fetuses of pregnant ewes, which were subtotally nephrectomized prior to mating, were studied to assess whether mild maternal renal impairment would affect fetal tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) under control conditions and after the inhibition of macula densa-derived nitric oxide (NO). Based on previous observations we hypothesized that, the TGF curve of fetuses of subtotally nephrectomized (STNx) ewes would resemble that of a volume expanded fetus with a high production rate of NO and that inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) would increase the sensitivity of the TGF system in these fetuses. Renal function studies were performed on anaesthetized fetal sheep (133-140 days gestation; term similar to 150 days; Isoflurane 2-4% in oxygen). Fetuses were removed from the uterus and placed in a water bath (39.5 degrees C) while maintaining umbilical blood flow. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urine flow rate were markedly increased in fetuses of STNx ewes compared to fetuses of untreated ewes. Interestingly, and contrary to our hypothesis, the fetuses of STNx ewes exhibited no difference in TGF sensitivity in the presence or absence of 7-nitroindazole (7NI; nNOS inhibitor), compared to fetuses of untreated ewes, although sensitivity and reactivity increased in both groups after 7NI. There was however, a decrease in the stop flow pressure and net filtration pressure with an increase in the filtration coefficient (K-f). These factors suggest that maternal renal impairment drives the glomerular hypertrophy which has previously been found to be present in the neonatal period. Thus, we conclude that at similar to 138 days gestation, the fetal kidney has matured functionally and fetuses of STNx ewes are able to maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis even in the presence of increased transplacental flux.
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| 27. |
- Turner, Anita J., et al.
(författare)
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Tubuloglomerular feedback responses in offspring of dexamethasone-treated ewes
- 2017
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology - Renal Physiology. - : AMER PHYSIOLOGICAL SOC. - 0363-6127 .- 1522-1466 .- 1931-857X. ; 313:4, s. F864-F873
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Via developmental programming, prenatal perturbations, such as exposure to glucocorticoids and maternal malnutrition alter kidney development and contribute to the development of hypertension. To examine the possibility that alterations in tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) contribute to the development of hypertension in offspring following maternal dexamethasone treatment (Dex) in early gestation, studies were conducted in fetal sheep and lambs. Pregnant ewes were infused with dexamethasone (0.48 mg/h) at 26-28 days gestation. No differences were observed in mean arterial pressure, glomcrular.filtration rate. or electrolyte excretion rates between the.Dex and Untreated fetuses or lambs. Gestational exposure to Dex markedly enhanced TGF sensitivity, as the turning point in Dex treatedfetuses was significantly lower (12.9 +/- 0.9 nl/min; P < 0.05) compared with Untreated fetuses (17.0 +/- 1.0 til/min). This resetting of TOE sensitivity persisted after birth (P < 0.01). TGF reactivity did not differ between the groups in fetuses or lambs. In response to nitric oxide inhibition, TOE sensitivity increased (the turning point decreased) and reactivity increased in Untreated fetuses and lambs, but these effects were blunted in the Dex-treated fetuses and lambs. Our data suggest that an altered TOE response may be an underlying renal mechanism contributing to the development of hypertension in the Dex model of fetal programming. The lower tonic level of NO production in these dexamethasone-exposed offspring may contribute to the development of hypertension as adults.
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