| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Schieck, Elise, et al.
(författare)
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High antibody titres against predicted Mycoplasma surface proteins do not prevent sequestration in infected lung tissue in the course of experimental contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
- 2014
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 172:1-2, s. 285-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP), a severe respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides (Mmm) is endemic in many African countries due to fragmented veterinary services and the lack of an efficient vaccine and sensitive diagnostics. More efficient tools to control the disease are needed, but to develop the tools, a better understanding of host-pathogen interactions is necessary. The aim of this study was to characterize the kinetics of the humoral immune response against 65 Mmm surface antigens for an extended period in cattle that survived a primary infection with Mmm. We describe clinical and haematological outcomes, and dissect the humoral immune response over time, to specific antigens and compared the antibody responses between different pathomorphological outcomes. No antigen-specific antibodies correlating with protection were identified. Interestingly we found that animals that developed MycopIasma-containing sequestra had significantly higher antibody levels against proteins comprising the surface proteome than the animals that cleared Mycoplasma from their lungs. Based on these data we suggest that high antibody titres might play a role in the establishment of pathomorphological changes, such as vasculitis, which should be investigated in future studies. Beneficial antibody specificities and cellular immune responses need to be identified in order to foster the development of an improved vaccine in the future.
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| 3. |
- Ahrén, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Vildagliptin Enhances Islet Responsiveness to Both Hyper- and Hypoglycemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 94, s. 1236-1243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors act by increasing plasma levels of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and suppressing excessive glucagon secretion in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). However, their effects on the glucagon response to hypoglycemia are not established. Objective: Assess effects of the DPP-4 inhibitor vildagliptin on alpha-cell response to hyper- and hypoglycemia. Design: Single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period crossover study of 28-d treatment, with a 4-wk between-period washout Setting: Participants received study drug as outpatients. Patients: Drug-naïve patients with T2DM and baseline HbA1c
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| 4. |
- Bartels, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Terrestrial subsidies to lake food webs : an experimental approach
- 2012
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Ingår i: Oecologia. - New York : Springer. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 168:3, s. 807-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cross-ecosystem movements of material and energy are ubiquitous. Aquatic ecosystems typically receive material that also includes organic matter from the surrounding catchment. Terrestrial-derived (allochthonous) organic matter can enter aquatic ecosystems in dissolved or particulate form. Several studies have highlighted the importance of dissolved organic carbon to aquatic consumers, but less is known about allochthonous particulate organic carbon (POC). Similarly, most studies showing the effects of allochthonous organic carbon (OC) on aquatic consumers have investigated pelagic habitats; the effects of allochthonous OC on benthic communities are less well studied. Allochthonous inputs might further decrease primary production through light reduction, thereby potentially affecting autotrophic resource availability to consumers. Here, an enclosure experiment was carried out to test the importance of POC input and light availability on the resource use in a benthic food web of a clear-water lake. Corn starch (a C-4 plant) was used as a POC source due to its insoluble nature and its distinct carbon stable isotope value (delta C-13). The starch carbon was closely dispersed over the bottom of the enclosures to study the fate of a POC source exclusively available to sediment biota. The addition of starch carbon resulted in a clear shift in the isotopic signature of surface-dwelling herbivorous and predatory invertebrates. Although the starch carbon was added solely to the sediment surface, the carbon originating from the starch reached zooplankton. We suggest that allochthonous POC can subsidize benthic food webs directly and can be further transferred to pelagic systems, thereby highlighting the importance of benthic pathways for pelagic habitats.
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| 5. |
- Bashiruddin, J. B., et al.
(författare)
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Detection of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides SC in bovine lung and lymph node tissues by culture, sandwich ELISA and polymerase chain reaction systems
- 2005
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Ingår i: Research in Veterinary Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0034-5288 .- 1532-2661. ; 78:3, s. 199-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cattle from Northern Portugal, many with pulmonary lesions typical of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, were investigated for the presence of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony (MmmSC), which is the causative agent of CBPP, with several detection tests. sandwich ELISA that included a Culture enrichment stage, and 2 different PCR diagnostic systems were used to detect MmmSC in lung and mediastinal lymph node tissues from these animals. The comparison of typical CBPP pathology with the results of detection revealed that no single one of these methods provided a perfect match to the pathological data. Best performing tests were the PCR with laser induced fluorescence and PCR with pleuroTRAP kit (Chemicon, Australia), which are diagnostic systems based on amplification of genomic MmmSC DNA Followed by sensitive detection of the amplified products. These were followed by the broth-enriched sandwich ELISA, Which uses a monoclonal antibody specific to the M. mycoides cluster, to capture the antigen.
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| 6. |
- Berglund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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A genecentric Human Protein Atlas for expression profiles based on antibodies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 7:10, s. 2019-2027
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- An attractive path forward in proteomics is to experimentally annotate the human protein complement of the genome in a genecentric manner. Using antibodies, it might be possible to design protein-specific probes for a representative protein from every protein-coding gene and to subsequently use the antibodies for systematical analysis of cellular distribution and subcellular localization of proteins in normal and disease tissues. A new version (4.0) of the Human Protein Atlas has been developed in a genecentric manner with the inclusion of all human genes and splice variants predicted from genome efforts together with a visualization of each protein with characteristics such as predicted membrane regions, signal peptide, and protein domains and new plots showing the uniqueness (sequence similarity) of every fraction of each protein toward all other human proteins. The new version is based on tissue profiles generated from 6120 antibodies with more than five million immunohistochemistry-based images covering 5067 human genes, corresponding to approximately 25% of the human genome. Version 4.0 includes a putative list of members in various protein classes, both functional classes, such as kinases, transcription factors, G-protein-coupled receptors, etc., and project-related classes, such as candidate genes for cancer or cardiovascular diseases. The exact antigen sequence for the internally generated antibodies has also been released together with a visualization of the application-specific validation performed for each antibody, including a protein array assay, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, and, for a large fraction, immunofluorescence-based confocal microscopy. New search functionalities have been added to allow complex queries regarding protein expression profiles, protein classes, and chromosome location. The new version of the protein atlas thus is a resource for many areas of biomedical research, including protein science and biomarker discovery.
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| 7. |
- Berglund, Lisa, et al.
(författare)
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Generation of validated antibodies towards the human proteome
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Here we show the results from a large effort to generate antibodies towards the human proteome. A high-throughput strategy was developed based on cloning and expression of antigens as recombitant protein epitope signature tags (PrESTs) Affinity purified polyclonal antibodies were generated, followed by validation by protein microarrays, Western blotting and microarray-based immunohistochemistry. PrESTs were selected based on sequence uniqueness relative the proteome and a bioinformatics analysis showed that unique antigens can be found for at least 85% of the proteome using this general strategy. The success rate from antigen selection to validated antibodies was 31%, and from protein to antibody 55%. Interestingly, membrane-bound and soluble proteins performed equally and PrEST lengths between 75 and 125 amino acids were found to give the highest yield of validated antibodies. Multiple antigens were selected for many genes and the results suggest that specific antibodies can be systematically generated to most human proteibs.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Beven, Laure, et al.
(författare)
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Specific Evolution of F-1-Like ATPases in Mycoplasmas
- 2012
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:6, s. e38793-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- F1F0 ATPases have been identified in most bacteria, including mycoplasmas which have very small genomes associated with a host-dependent lifestyle. In addition to the typical operon of eight genes encoding genuine F1F0 ATPase (Type 1), we identified related clusters of seven genes in many mycoplasma species. Four of the encoded proteins have predicted structures similar to the alpha, beta, gamma and e subunits of F-1 ATPases and could form an F-1-like ATPase. The other three proteins display no similarity to any other known proteins. Two of these proteins are probably located in the membrane, as they have three and twelve predicted transmembrane helices. Phylogenomic studies identified two types of F-1-like ATPase clusters, Type 2 and Type 3, characterized by a rapid evolution of sequences with the conservation of structural features. Clusters encoding Type 2 and Type 3 ATPases were assumed to originate from the Hominis group of mycoplasmas. We suggest that Type 3 ATPase clusters may spread to other phylogenetic groups by horizontal gene transfer between mycoplasmas in the same host, based on phylogeny and genomic context. Functional analyses in the ruminant pathogen Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides showed that the Type 3 cluster genes were organized into an operon. Proteomic analyses demonstrated that the seven encoded proteins were produced during growth in axenic media. Mutagenesis and complementation studies demonstrated an association of the Type 3 cluster with a major ATPase activity of membrane fractions. Thus, despite their tendency toward genome reduction, mycoplasmas have evolved and exchanged specific F-1-like ATPases with no known equivalent in other bacteria. We propose a model, in which the F-1-like structure is associated with a hypothetical X-0 sector located in the membrane of mycoplasma cells.
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| 10. |
- Bustamante, Mercedes, et al.
(författare)
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Ten new insights in climate science 2023
- 2023
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Ingår i: Global Sustainability. - : CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS. - 2059-4798. ; 7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-technical summary We identify a set of essential recent advances in climate change research with high policy relevance, across natural and social sciences: (1) looming inevitability and implications of overshooting the 1.5 degrees C warming limit, (2) urgent need for a rapid and managed fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges for scaling carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding the future contribution of natural carbon sinks, (5) intertwinedness of the crises of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) compound events, (7) mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility in the face of climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems.Technical summary The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Assessment Reports provides the scientific foundation for international climate negotiations and constitutes an unmatched resource for researchers. However, the assessment cycles take multiple years. As a contribution to cross- and interdisciplinary understanding of climate change across diverse research communities, we have streamlined an annual process to identify and synthesize significant research advances. We collected input from experts on various fields using an online questionnaire and prioritized a set of 10 key research insights with high policy relevance. This year, we focus on: (1) the looming overshoot of the 1.5 degrees C warming limit, (2) the urgency of fossil fuel phase-out, (3) challenges to scale-up carbon dioxide removal, (4) uncertainties regarding future natural carbon sinks, (5) the need for joint governance of biodiversity loss and climate change, (6) advances in understanding compound events, (7) accelerated mountain glacier loss, (8) human immobility amidst climate risks, (9) adaptation justice, and (10) just transitions in food systems. We present a succinct account of these insights, reflect on their policy implications, and offer an integrated set of policy-relevant messages. This science synthesis and science communication effort is also the basis for a policy report contributing to elevate climate science every year in time for the United Nations Climate Change Conference.Social media summary We highlight recent and policy-relevant advances in climate change research - with input from more than 200 experts.
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| 11. |
- Ekroos, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Sparing land for biodiversity at multiple spatial scales
- 2016
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-701X. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common approach to the conservation of farmland biodiversity and the promotion of multifunctional landscapes, particularly in landscapes containing only small remnants of non-crop habitats, has been to maintain landscape heterogeneity and reduce land-use intensity. In contrast, it has recently been shown that devoting specific areas of non-crop habitats to conservation, segregated from high-yielding farmland (“land sparing”), can more effectively conserve biodiversity than promoting low-yielding, less intensively managed farmland occupying larger areas (“land sharing”). In the present paper we suggest that the debate over the relative merits of land sparing or land sharing is partly blurred by the differing spatial scales at which it is suggested that land sparing should be applied. We argue that there is no single correct spatial scale for segregating biodiversity protection and commodity production in multifunctional landscapes. Instead we propose an alternative conceptual construct, which we call “multiple-scale land sparing,” targeting biodiversity and ecosystem services in transformed landscapes. We discuss how multiple-scale land sparing may overcome the apparent dichotomy between land sharing and land sparing and help to find acceptable compromises that conserve biodiversity and landscape multifunctionality.
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| 12. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Perceptions of the appropriate response to norm violation in 57 societies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Nature Research. - 2041-1723. ; 12:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Norm enforcement may be important for resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. However, little is known about how preferred responses to norm violations vary across cultures and across domains. In a preregistered study of 57 countries (using convenience samples of 22,863 students and non-students), we measured perceptions of the appropriateness of various responses to a violation of a cooperative norm and to atypical social behaviors. Our findings highlight both cultural universals and cultural variation. We find a universal negative relation between appropriateness ratings of norm violations and appropriateness ratings of responses in the form of confrontation, social ostracism and gossip. Moreover, we find the country variation in the appropriateness of sanctions to be consistent across different norm violations but not across different sanctions. Specifically, in those countries where use of physical confrontation and social ostracism is rated as less appropriate, gossip is rated as more appropriate. Little is known about peoples preferred responses to norm violations across countries. Here, in a study of 57 countries, the authors highlight cultural similarities and differences in peoples perception of the appropriateness of norm violations.
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| 13. |
- Farngren, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Vildagliptin Reduces Glucagon during Hyperglycemia and Sustains Glucagon Counterregulation during Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes.
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 1945-7197 .- 0021-972X. ; 97:10, s. 3799-3806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: The dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, vildagliptin, inhibits glucagon secretion at hyperglycemia but appears to enhance glucagon counterregulation during hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes.Objective:The objective of the investigation was to study whether vildagliptin also improves α-cell function in type 1 diabetes (T1D). Patients and Methods: The study was a single-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled crossover study involving 28 patients with C-peptide negative and antibody positive T1D [21 males, seven females, glycosylated hemoglobin 57.9 mmol/mol (7.5%)]. Patients received vildagliptin (50 mg twice a day) or placebo as an add-on to their insulin therapy for 4 wk each. On d 28 of the respective treatment period, patients were served a standard meal (500 kcal) to raise the circulating incretin hormone levels followed by a hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemic clamp at 2.5 mmol/liter. Main Outcome Measure: The increase in plasma glucagon levels during the 30-min hypoglycemic clamp (min 165-195 of the test) was measured.Results:During the meal, glucagon levels were lower with vildagliptin than with placebo (120 min area under the curve(glucagon) 2.4 ± 0.2 vs. 2.6 ± 0.2 nmol/liter × minutes, P = 0.022 for between group difference). In contrast, during hypoglycemia, the glucagon counterregulation was not reduced by vildagliptin (increase in glucagon 1.5 ± 1.0 pmol/liter with vildagliptin vs. 1.7 ± 0.8 pmol/liter with placebo, P = NS). In addition, the counterregulatory responses in epinephrine, norepinephrine, cortisol, and pancreatic polypeptide were not different between the treatments. During the 4-wk treatment period, vildagliptin reduced the mean glycosylated hemoglobin, whereas there was no change with placebo [between group difference was -3.4 ± 1.0 mmol/mol (-0.32 ± 0.09%; P = 0.002)] from baseline of 57.9 mmol/mol (7.5%). Conclusions: Vildagliptin, although inhibiting glucagon secretion during hyperglycemia, does not compromise the glucagon counterregulatory response during hypoglycemia in T1D.
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| 14. |
- Gantelius, Jesper, et al.
(författare)
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A lateral flow protein microarray for rapid determination of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia status in bovine serum
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Microbiological Methods. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-7012 .- 1872-8359. ; 82:1, s. 11-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Novel analytical methods for a next generation of diagnostic devices combine attributes from sensitive, accurate, fast, simple and multiplexed analysis methods. Here, we describe a possible contribution to these by the application of a lateral flow microarray where a panel of recombinant protein antigens was used to differentiate bovine serum samples in the context of the lung disease contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP). Lateral flow arrays were produced by attaching nitrocellulose onto microscopic slides and spotting of the recombinant proteins onto the membranes. The developed assay included evaluations of substrate matrix and detection reagents to allow for short assay times and convenient read-out options, and to yield a total assay time from sample application to data acquisition of less than ten minutes. It was found that healthy and disease-affected animals could be discriminated (AUC = 97%), and we suggest that the use of an antigen panel in combination with the lateral flow device offers an emerging analytical tool towards a simplified but accurate on-site diagnosis.
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| 15. |
- Gaurivaud, P., et al.
(författare)
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Variability of a glucose phosphotransferase system permease in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides Small Colony
- 2004
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Ingår i: Microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1350-0872 .- 1465-2080. ; 150, s. 4009-4022
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intraclonal antigenic variation in pathogenic mycoplasma species is considered an important feature of host-pathogen interaction. Such intraclonal protein variation was observed for the interaction of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony, the agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, with mAb 3F3. Colony immunostaining allows the definition of 3F3 ON- and 3F3 OFF-type variants, which revert at low frequency. Targets of mAb 3F3 were shown to be surface located, and resided on multiple polypeptides in the 58-68 kDa size range. Phage display and a genomic database were combined to determine the gene encoding the proteins recognized by mAb 3F3. A gene encoding the putative permease of the glucose phosphotransferase system was identified. Genome sequence analysis of strain PG1 revealed two highly similar copies of this gene, resulting from duplication of the chromosomal region carrying the gene. Southern blot analysis demonstrated the presence of this duplication in almost every African strain tested, but not in European strains. DNA analysis revealed that ON/OFF switching is governed by a base substitution occurring upstream of the coding region for the 3F3 epitope. This event generates a stop codon that results in the premature termination of the PtsG protein.
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| 16. |
- Geisler, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Pain management after total hip arthroplasty at five different Danish hospitals : A prospective, observational cohort study of 501 patients
- 2019
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Ingår i: Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-5172 .- 1399-6576. ; 63:7, s. 923-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The available literature does not present a "gold standard" for post-operative pain treatment after total hip arthroplasty (THA). The aim of this prospective observational study was to explore and document post-operative pain treatment, including outcomes, in a large cohort of patients undergoing THA at five different Danish hospitals.METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, observational cohort study of 501 THA patients was performed at five different hospitals in the Capital Region and at the Region Zealand in Denmark, from April 2014 to April 2016. The study had two co-primary outcomes: Pain during mobilisation at 6 hours post-operatively (numeric rating scale [NRS] [0-10]) and morphine consumption 0-24 hours post-operatively.RESULTS: A large variety of analgesic treatments were used at the included hospitals and none of the hospitals used the same non-opioid basic analgesic regimen. For all patients at all hospitals, the NRS-pain level during mobilisation at 6 hours was 5 (3-6), (median [interquartile range]) and the 24-hour intravenous morphine (eqv) consumption was 25 mg (18-35). Although some statistically significant differences between hospitals were found for morphine use, no non-opioid analgesic regimen demonstrated consistent clinically relevant superior efficacy. In general, pain levels at rest were low to moderate and pain during mobilisation was moderate.CONCLUSIONS: Analgesic treatment routines differed between hospitals. Pain levels, however, did not differ substantially and were in general low at rest and moderate during mobilisation. No non-opioid analgesic treatment demonstrated consistent analgesic superiority.
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| 17. |
- Geisler, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Postoperative Pain Management and Patient Evaluations After Five Different Surgical Procedures. A Prospective Cohort Study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Pain Management Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1524-9042. ; 23:6, s. 791-799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Sufficient pain management is a necessity and can play an important role in patients’ contentment. Aims: To investigate the instituted postoperative pain treatment, patients’ levels of pain, opioid consumption, and patient contentment, supplemented with a questionnaire based on the International Pain Outcome (IPO). Methods: This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at Zealand University Hospital Køge, Denmark (ZUHK) from March 8, 2017, to January 7, 2019, aiming for a consecutive inclusion of 200 patients, 40 from five major surgical procedures. The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (REG-121-2016) and registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03080272). The Research Ethics Committee of the Zealand Region was consulted, but approval was not needed according to Danish law (J.nr. 16-000014). Results: We included 189 patients in total. We found a significant number of patients that did not achieve “no worse than mild pain” (Numeric Rating Scale ≤3) across surgical procedures. The provided pain treatment was heterogenic and inconsistent even among individuals who underwent similar surgical procedures. Although patients did not achieve “no worse than mild pain” (Numeric Rating Scale ≤3), the majority stated that they were content with their pain treatment. Conclusions: The analgesic treatment varied between procedures and patients and a significant number of patients did not achieve “no worse than mild pain” (Numeric Rating Scale ≤3). A significant association between patient contentment and experience of severe pain, pain relief, and involvement in own pain treatment, was found.
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| 18. |
- Geisler, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Using four different clinical tools as predictors for pain after total hip arthroplasty : A prospective cohort study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Anesthesiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2253. ; 20:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Treatment of postoperative pain remains a significant clinical problem, and prediction of patients with a risk of higher postoperative pain levels is an important focus. We aimed to identify patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA) with risk of higher pain levels at 24 h postoperatively by using four simple and easily available clinical tools. Methods: This prospective observational cohort study included 102 patients having THA at Zealand University Hospital in Denmark. The following predictive tools were investigated for identifying patients with higher postoperative pain levels at 24 h postoperatively, both at rest and during mobilization: preoperative pain by peripheral venous cannulation (PVC) (dichotomized according to numerical rating scale pain ≤ 2/> 2 (PVC-Low/PVC-High) (primary outcome); the post anesthesia care unit (PACU) nurses' expectations of patients pain levels; patients early pain levels at the PACU; and patients own forecast of postoperative pain levels. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to analyze comparisons between prediction groups. For the primary outcome we considered a p-value < 0.01 as statistically significant and for other outcomes a p-value of 0.05. Results: We found no significant differences between the PVC groups for pain during mobilization at 24-h postoperatively: PVC-Low: 6 (4-8) (median, (IQR)) versus PVC-High: 7 (5-8) (median, (IQR)), p = 0.10; and for pain at rest: PVC-Low 2 (0-3) (median, (IQR)) versus PVC-High 3 (2-5) (median, (IQR)), p = 0.12. Other comparisons performed between predictive groups did not differ significantly. Conclusions: In this prospective cohort study of 102 THA patients, we did not find that preoperative pain by PVC, when using a cut-off point of NRS ≤ 2, were able to predict postoperative pain at 24 h postoperatively. Neither did PACU nurses' prediction of pain, patients forecast of pain, nor did maximum pain levels at the PACU. Trial registration: Retrospectively registered 20th February 2018 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03439566).
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| 19. |
- Hamsten, Carl, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Expression and immunogenicity of six putative variable surface proteins in Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Microbiology. - Reading : Society for General Microbiology. - 1350-0872 .- 1465-2080. ; 154, s. 539-549
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Variable surface protein Vmm and five Vmm-type proteins from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC were analysed to determine whether these proteins are expressed in vivo in animals affected by contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and in vitro. Recombinant versions of these proteins were constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli after mutation of the TGA Trp codons to TGG. These proteins were then analysed by dot and Western blotting with sera from CBPP-affected cattle. Furthermore, affinity-purified polyclonal antibodies to the recombinant proteins were used in Western and colony blotting to look for expression of the putative Vmm-type proteins in cultured M. mycoides SC. This study demonstrates that immunoglobulins in CBPP sera recognize all putative Vmm-type proteins tested, indicating that these proteins or their homologues are expressed by mycoplasmas during natural infections. Vmm and one of the putative Vmm-type proteins showed variable expression in vitro.
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| 20. |
- Hamsten, Carl, 1981-
(författare)
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Protein based approaches to understand and prevent contagious bovine pleuropneumonia
- 2009
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a severe infectious disease caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony type (M. mycoides SC) and is a vast problem in Africa. Current CBPP prevention is based on attenuated live strain vaccines, but these are limited by factors such as short-term immunity, cold-chain dependence and retained virulence. CBPP can be diagnosed using post-mortem examination, identification of the agent using culture and PCR based methods as well as serological diagnostic methods, but the latter are generally not sensitive enough and there is also demand for an inexpensive, pen side field test.The research presented in this thesis was focused on using recombinantly expressed surface proteins from M. mycoides SC to characterize humoral immune responses to CBPP. Thereby candidate proteins to be used in development of serological diagnostic methods and possibly subunit vaccines could be identified. As a first step, five putative variable surface proteins of M. mycoides SC were expressed and purified from E. coli in Paper I. These proteins were analyzed using immunoblotting techniques and results showed that one protein, MSC_0364, was variably expressed on the surface of M. mycoides SC in vitro. Paper II presents expanded efforts including cloning and expression of 64 recombinant surface proteins and an assay for high throughput analysis of protein-specific IgG, IgA and IgM titers in hundreds of sera using a bead-based screening assay. The assay was evaluated by protein-specific inhibition experiments, comparisons to Western blotting and monitoring of immune responses over time in a study with sera taken from eight animals over 293 days from a previous vaccine trial.Papers III and IV present applications using the recombinant proteins and bead-based screening assay wherein proteins for diagnostic and vaccine development were identified. In Paper III, the assay was used to screen 61 proteins using well-characterized serum samples from cattle with CBPP and healthy controls, resulting in selection of eight proteins suitable for diagnostic use. These proteins were combined and evaluated in a proof-of-concept ELISA with a discriminative power that enabled 96% correct classification of sera from CBPP-affected and CBPP-free bovines. Paper IV reports the results and protein-specific analyses of a vaccine trial using the recombinant putative variable surface proteins presented in Paper I as a subunit vaccine. The vaccine conferred no protection, but a weak vaccine response could not be excluded as the cause of failure. In an effort to identity other protein candidates to be used in a subunit vaccine, protein-specific analysis of humoral immune responses elicited by the currently approved live strain vaccine, T1/44, were investigated. Here, five proteins with high IgG titers associated to immunity were identified: LppQ, MSC_02714, MSC_0136, MSC_0079 and MSC_0431. These proteins may be important in the development of a novel subunit vaccine against CBPP.
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| 21. |
- Hamsten, Carl, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Protein-Specific Analysis of Humoral Immune Responses in a Clinical Trial for Vaccines against Contagious Bovine Pleuropneumonia
- 2010
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Ingår i: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. - 1556-6811 .- 1556-679X. ; 17:5, s. 853-861
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Specific humoral immune responses in a clinical trial on cattle for vaccines against contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) were investigated. The trial included a subunit vaccine consisting of five recombinant putative variable surface proteins of the infectious agent Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony type (M. mycoides SC) compared to the currently approved attenuated vaccine strain T1/44 and untreated controls. Humoral immune responses to 65 individual recombinant surface proteins of M. mycoides SC were monitored by a recently developed bead based array assay. Responses to the subunit vaccine components were found to be weak. Animals vaccinated with this vaccine were not protected and had CBPP lesions similar to the untreated controls. In correlating protein-specific humoral responses to T1/44 induced immunity, five proteins associated with a protective immune response were identified,namely LppQ and those of ORFs MSC_0271, MSC_0136, MSC_0079 and MSC_0431. The five proteins may be important candidates in the development of a novel subunit vaccine against CBPP.
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| 22. |
- Hamsten, Carl, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Recombinant surface proteomics as a tool to analyze humoral immune responses in bovines infected by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC
- 2009
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Ingår i: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. - Stanford : HighWire Press. - 1535-9476 .- 1535-9484. ; 8:11, s. 2544-2554
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A systematic approach to characterize the surface proteome of Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony type (M. mycoides SC), the causing agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) in cattle, is presented. Humoral immune responses in 242 CBPP affected cattle and controls were monitored against one third of the surface proteins of M. mycoides SC in a high-throughput magnetic bead based assay. First, 64 surface proteins were selected from the genome sequence of M. mycoides SC and expressed as recombinant proteins in E. coli. Binding of antibodies to each individual protein could then be analyzed simultaneously in minute sample volumes with the Luminex suspension array technology. The assay was optimized on Namibian CBPP positive sera and Swedish negative controls to allow detection and 20-fold mean signal separation between CBPP positive and negative sera. Signals were proven to be protein-specific by inhibition experiments and results agreed with western blot experiments. The assay's potential to monitor IgG, IgM and IgA responses over time was shown in a proof-of-concept study with 116 sera from 8 animals in a CBPP vaccine study. In conclusion, a toolbox with recombinant proteins and a flexible suspension array assay that allows multiplex analysis of humoral immune responses to M mycoides SC, has been created.
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Ergonomic Evaluation of Two Different Locations of the Scales in a Supermarket Checkout System
- 1993
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Ingår i: Advances in Industrial Ergonomics and Safety V. ; , s. 667-674
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this pilot study was to ergonomically evaluate the effect of the location of the scales in a supermarket checkout system. A location of the scales to the left of the cashier was compared with a location under the conveyor belt. Two cashiers were videotaped while working with the two scale locations, in both sitting and standing working postures. Analysis of the video tapes was performed using the WOPALAS method, the VIRA method, and by noting certain positions of the left arm. The left wrist movements were registered by a two-dimensional goniometer. The results indicate that the location under the conveyor belt is somewhat more ergonomically favourable. The improvement is more pronounced for the cashier with a greater reach.
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| 24. |
- Johansson, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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On-the-job training for process operators as a strategy for competence achievement - A case study
- 1996
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9068073192 ; , s. 121-139
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The technical development in complex and highly automated production processes affects the process operator’s work and the demands on the operator. Two significant problems are difficulties in acquiring and maintaining the necessary competence and a risk of understimulation, since a stable process does not generate many active tasks, largely because of a higher degree of automation. In this case study, we were able to make a comparison between an approach to job design for solving these problems and a design of two existing operator jobs. The results suggest that this approach might be effective in practice.
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| 25. |
- Juusela, Pirjo L., et al.
(författare)
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Relation of gelsolin amyloidosis and periodontal health
- 2015
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Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 19:2, s. 229-235
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) is a rare, dominantly inherited systemic disease with worldwide distribution, caused by a gelsolin gene mutation. We studied the periodontal conditions and microbiological plaque composition of AGel amyloidosis patients.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A voluntary study group of 36 AGel amyloidosis patients (mean age 61) filled in a questionnaire. A thorough periodontal examination included periodontal pocket depth and attachment level measurements, registrations of visible plaque, bleeding on probing and panoramic radiographs. The presence of oral Candida was studied by fungal culture method. Bacterial samples from deepened pockets (≥4 mm) were analyzed with checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method.RESULTS: VPI (15.3 %) and BOP (11.2 %) of the patients were modest reflecting relatively adequate oral self-care. Still 89 % of the patients had at least one PPD of ≥4 mm; 78.5 % of the PPDs ≥6 mm were found in molars. Patients had lost one third of the molars due to periodontitis and/or tooth decay. Half of the patients (53 %) were Candida carriers. Bacterial analysis of subgingival plaque samples revealed bacterial species common to chronic periodontitis.CONCLUSION: AGel amyloidosis may increase the risk for periodontitis even when the oral self-care is adequate. Molar teeth appear to be mostly affected, leading to tooth loss.CLINICAL RELEVANCE: AGel amyloidosis as a systemic disease is related with a vast variety of symptoms with variable severity. Even though a causal relationship of the systemic disease and periodontitis has not yet been proven, increased risk for periodontal problems should be considered when examining AGel amyloidosis patients.
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| 26. |
- Juusela, Pirjo L., et al.
(författare)
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Relation of gelsolin amyloidosis and periodontal health
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Verlag. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 19:2, s. 229-235
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Hereditary gelsolin amyloidosis (AGel amyloidosis) is a rare, dominantly inherited systemic disease with worldwide distribution, caused by a gelsolin gene mutation. We studied the periodontal conditions and microbiological plaque composition of AGel amyloidosis patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A voluntary study group of 36 AGel amyloidosis patients (mean age 61) filled in a questionnaire. A thorough periodontal examination included periodontal pocket depth and attachment level measurements, registrations of visible plaque, bleeding on probing and panoramic radiographs. The presence of oral Candida was studied by fungal culture method. Bacterial samples from deepened pockets (≥4 mm) were analyzed with checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization method. RESULTS: VPI (15.3 %) and BOP (11.2 %) of the patients were modest reflecting relatively adequate oral self-care. Still 89 % of the patients had at least one PPD of ≥4 mm; 78.5 % of the PPDs ≥6 mm were found in molars. Patients had lost one third of the molars due to periodontitis and/or tooth decay. Half of the patients (53 %) were Candida carriers. Bacterial analysis of subgingival plaque samples revealed bacterial species common to chronic periodontitis. CONCLUSION: AGel amyloidosis may increase the risk for periodontitis even when the oral self-care is adequate. Molar teeth appear to be mostly affected, leading to tooth loss. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: AGel amyloidosis as a systemic disease is related with a vast variety of symptoms with variable severity. Even though a causal relationship of the systemic disease and periodontitis has not yet been proven, increased risk for periodontal problems should be considered when examining AGel amyloidosis patients.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lohmander, Anette, et al.
(författare)
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Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 4. Speech outcomes in 5-year-olds - velopharyngeal competency and hypernasality
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 27-37
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aim: Adequate velopharyngeal function and speech are main goals in the treatment of cleft palate. The objective was to investigate if there were differences in velopharyngeal competency (VPC) and hypernasality at age 5 years in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) operated on with different surgical methods for primary palatal repair. A secondary aim was to estimate burden of care in terms of received additional secondary surgeries and speech therapy. Design: Three parallel group, randomised clinical trials were undertaken as an international multicentre study by 10 cleft teams in five countries: Denmark, Finland, Sweden, Norway, and the UK. Methods: Three different surgical protocols for primary palatal repair were tested against a common procedure in the total cohort of 448 children born with a non-syndromic UCLP. Speech audio and video recordings of 391 children (136 girls, 255 boys) were available and perceptually analysed. The main outcome measures were VPC and hypernasality from blinded assessments. Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the prevalences in the arms in any of the trials. VPC: Trial 1, A: 58%, B: 61%; Trial 2, A: 57%, C: 54%; Trial 3, A: 35%, D: 51%. No hypernasality: Trial 1, A: 54%, B: 44%; Trial 2, A: 47%, C: 51%; Trial 3, A: 34%, D: 49%. Conclusions: No differences were found regarding VPC and hypernasality at age 5 years after different methods for primary palatal repair. The burden of care in terms of secondary pharyngeal surgeries, number of fistulae, and speech therapy visits differed.
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| 29. |
- Lund, Anja, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Electrically conducting fibres for e-textiles: An open playground for conjugated polymers and carbon nanomaterials
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports. - : Elsevier BV. - 0927-796X .- 1879-212X. ; 126, s. 1-29
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Conducting fibres and yams promise to become an essential part of the next generation of wearable electronics that seamlessly integrate electronic function into one of the most versatile and most widely used form of materials: textiles. This review explores the many types of conducting fibres and yarns that can be realised with conjugated polymers and carbon materials, including carbon black, carbon nanotubes and graphene. We discuss how the interplay of materials properties and the chosen processing technique lead to fibres with a wide range of electrical and mechanical properties. Depending on the choice of conjugated polymer, carbon nanotube, graphene, polymer blend, or nanocomposite the electrical conductivity can vary from less than 10(-3) to more than 10(3) S cm(-1), accompanied by an increase in Young's modulus from 10 s of MPa to 100 s of GPa. Further, we discuss how conducting fibres can be integrated into electronic textiles (e-textiles) through e.g. weaving and knitting. Then, we provide an overview of some of the envisaged functionalities, such as sensing, data processing and storage, as well as energy harvesting e.g. by using the piezoelectric, thermoelectric, triboelectric or photovoltaic effect. Finally, we critically discuss sustainability aspects such as the supply of materials, their toxicity, the embodied energy of fibre and textile production and recyclability, which currently are not adequately considered but must be taken into account to ready carbon based conducting fibres for truly practical e-textile applications.
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| 30. |
- Malm Tillgren, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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C57Bl/6N mice have an attenuated lung inflammatory response to dsRNA compared to C57Bl/6J and BALB/c mice
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Inflammation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-9255. ; 20, s. 1-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lower respiratory infections caused by ssRNA viruses are a major health burden globally. Translational mouse models are a valuable tool for medical research, including research on respiratory viral infections. In in vivo mouse models, synthetic dsRNA can be used as a surrogate for ssRNA virus replication. However, studies investigating how genetic background of mice impacts the murine lung inflammatory response to dsRNA is lacking. Hence, we have compared lung immunological responses of BALB/c, C57Bl/6N and C57Bl/6J mice to synthetic dsRNA.METHODS: dsRNA was administered intranasally to BALB/c, C57Bl/6N and C57Bl/6J mice once/day for three consecutive days. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, inflammatory cells, and total protein concentration were analyzed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Pattern recognition receptors levels (TLR3, MDA5 and RIG-I) were measured in lung homogenates using RT-qPCR and western blot. Gene expression of IFN-β, TNF-α, IL-1β and CXCL1 was assessed in lung homogenates by RT-qPCR. ELISA was used to analyze protein concentrations of CXCL1 and IL-1β in BALF and lung homogenates.RESULTS: BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice showed infiltration of neutrophils to the lung, and an increase in total protein concentration and LDH activity in response to dsRNA administration. Only modest increases in these parameters were observed for C57Bl/6N mice. Similarly, dsRNA administration evoked an upregulation of MDA5 and RIG-I gene and protein expression in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J, but not C57Bl/6N, mice. Further, dsRNA provoked an increase in gene expression of TNF-α in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice, IL-1β only in C57Bl/6N mice and CXCL1 exclusively in BALB/c mice. BALF levels of CXCL1 and IL-1β were increased in BALB/c and C57Bl/6J mice in response to dsRNA, whereas the response of C57Bl/6N was blunt. Overall, inter-strain comparisons of the lung reactivity to dsRNA revealed that BALB/c, followed by C57Bl/6J, had the most pronounced respiratory inflammatory responses, while the responses of C57Bl/6N mice were attenuated.CONCLUSIONS: We report clear differences of the lung innate inflammatory response to dsRNA between BALB/c, C57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6N mice. Of particular note, the highlighted differences in the inflammatory response of C57Bl/6J and C57Bl/6N substrains underscore the value of strain selection in mouse models of respiratory viral infections.
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| 31. |
- Manninen, Mikael A., et al.
(författare)
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First encounters in the north : cultural diversity and gene flow in Early Mesolithic Scandinavia
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Antiquity. - : Antiquity Publications. - 0003-598X .- 1745-1744. ; 95:380, s. 310-328
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population genetic studies often overlook the evidence for variability and change in past material culture. Here, the authors use a Mesolithic example to demonstrate the importance of integrating archaeological evidence into the interpretation of the Scandinavian hunter-gatherer genetic group. Genetic studies conclude that this group resulted from two single-event dispersals into Scandinavia before 7500 BC. Archaeological evidence, however, shows at least six immigration events pre-dating the earliest DNA, and that the first incoming groups arrived in Scandinavia before 9000 BC. The findings underline the importance of conducting careful archaeological analysis of prehistoric human dispersal in tandem with the study of ancient population genomics.
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| 32. |
- Miles, K., et al.
(författare)
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Insertion sequence profiling of UK Mycoplasma bovis field isolates
- 2005
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Ingår i: Veterinary Microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1135 .- 1873-2542. ; 107:04-mar, s. 301-306
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The presence and distribution of insertion sequences ISMbov2 and ISMbov3 within Mycoplasma bovis were investigated. Analysis was carried out by Southern blotting using specific probes of 221 bp and 185 bp, to detect ISMbov2 and ISMbov3, respectively, amplified from the homologous sequences ISMmyl and ISI634 within Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides small colony type. We present data obtained from 49 field isolates of M. bovis, originating from pneumonic lungs, collected within the United Kingdom between 1996 and 2002. Hybridisation profiles show considerable variation between strains. ISMbov2 sequences are present between 2 and 17 copies while there are between 3 and 14 copies of the ISI634 homologue ISMbov3. These data also provide support for previous analysis by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP). Crown
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| 33. |
- Mortensen, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Selection, characterization and in vivo evaluation of novel CD44v6-targeting antibodies for targeted molecular radiotherapy
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular radiotherapy combines the advantages of systemic administration of highly specific antibodies or peptides and the localized potency of ionizing radiation. A potential target for molecular radiotherapy is the cell surface antigen CD44v6, which is overexpressed in numerous cancers, with limited expression in normal tissues. The aim of the present study was to generate and characterize a panel of human anti-CD44v6 antibodies and identify a suitable candidate for future use in molecular radiotherapy of CD44v6-expressing cancers. Binders were first isolated from large synthetic phage display libraries containing human scFv and Fab antibody fragments. The antibodies were extensively analyzed through in vitro investigations of binding kinetics, affinity, off-target binding, and cell binding. Lead candidates were further subjected to in vivo biodistribution studies in mice bearing anaplastic thyroid cancer xenografts that express high levels of CD44v6. Additionally, antigen-dependent tumor uptake of the lead candidate was verified in additional xenograft models with varying levels of target expression. Interestingly, although only small differences were observed among the top antibody candidates in vitro, significant differences in tumor uptake and retention were uncovered in in vivo experiments. A high-affinity anti-CD44v6 lead drug candidate was identified, mAb UU-40, which exhibited favorable target binding properties and in vivo distribution. In conclusion, a panel of human anti-CD44v6 antibodies was successfully generated and characterized in this study. Through comprehensive evaluation, mAb UU-40 was identified as a promising lead candidate for future molecular radiotherapy of CD44v6-expressing cancers due to its high affinity, excellent target binding properties, and desirable in vivo distribution characteristics.
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| 34. |
- Neiman, Maja, 1983-
(författare)
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Bead based protein profiling in blood
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is about protein profiling in blood-derived samples using suspension bead ar- rays built with protein affinity reagents, and the evaluation of binding characteristics and potential disease relation of such profiles.A central aim of the presented work was to discover and verify disease associated protein profiles in blood-derived samples such as serum or plasma. This was based on immobiliz- ing antigens or antibodies on color-coded beads for a multiplexed analysis. This concept generally allow for a dual multiplexing because hundreds of samples can be screened for hundreds of proteins in a miniaturized and parallelized fashion. At first, protein antigens were used to study humoral immune responses in cattle suffering from a mycoplasma infec- tion (Paper I). Here, the most immunogenic of the applied antigens were identified based on reactivity profiles from the infected cattle, and were combined into an antigen cocktail to serve as a diagnostic assay in a standard ELISA set-up. Next, antibodies and their em- ployment in assays with directly labeled human samples was initiated. This procedure was applied in a study of kidney disorders where screening of plasma resulted in the discovery of a biomarker candidate, fibulin-1 (Paper II). In parallel to the disease related applica- tions, systematic evaluations of the protein profiles were conducted. Protein profiles from 2,300 antibodies were classified on the bases of binding properties in relation to sample heating and stringent washing (Paper III). With a particular focus on heat dependent de- tectability, a method was developed to visualize those proteins that were captured to the beads in an immunoassay by using Western blotting (Paper IV). In conclusion, this thesis presents examples of the possibilities of comparative plasma profiling enabled by protein bead arrays.
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| 35. |
- Neiman, Maja, et al.
(författare)
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Multiplex Screening of Surface Proteins from Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides Small Colony for an Antigen Cocktail Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology. - Washington D.C. : American Society for Microbiology. - 1556-6811 .- 1556-679X. ; 16:11, s. 1665-1674
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A recombinant antigen cocktail ELISA for diagnosis of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) was developed after careful selection of antigens among one third of the surface proteome of the infectious agent Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC (M. mycoides SC). First, a miniaturized and parallelized assay system employing antigen suspension bead array technology was used to screen 97 bovine sera for their humoral immune response towards 61 recombinant surface proteins from M. mycoides SC. Statistical analysis of the data resulted in selection of eight proteins that showed strong serologic responses in CBPP-affected sera and minimal reactivity in negative control sera, with p-values less than 10-6. Only minor cross reactivity to hyperimmune sera against other mycoplasmas was observed. When applied in an ELISA, the cocktail of eight recombinant antigens allowed a five fold signal separation between 24 CBPP-affected and 23 CBPP-free sera from different geographical origin. No false positives and only two false negatives were obtained. In conclusion, the selected recombinant mycoplasma antigens qualified as highly specific markers for CBPP and could be employed in both a suspension bead array platform and a cocktail ELISA setting. This set of proteins and technologies therefore offer a powerful combination to drive and further improve serological assays towards reliable, simple and cost-effective diagnosis of CBPP.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Nilsson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a human proteome atlas : high-throughput generation of mono-specific antibodies for tissue profiling
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Proteomics. - : Wiley. - 1615-9853 .- 1615-9861. ; 5:17, s. 4327-4337
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A great need exists for the systematic generation of specific antibodies to explore the human proteome. Here, we show that antibodies specific to human proteins can be generated in a high-throughput manner involving stringent affinity purification using recombinant protein epitope signature tags (PrESTs) as immunogens and affinity-ligands. The specificity of the generated affinity reagents, here called mono-specific antibodies (msAb), were validated with a novel protein microarray assay. The success rate for 464 antibodies generated towards human proteins was more than 90% as judged by the protein array assay. The antibodies were used for parallel profiling of patient biopsies using tissue microarrays generated from 48 human tissues. Comparative analysis with well-characterized monoclonal antibodies showed identical or similar specificity and expression patterns. The results suggest that a comprehensive atlas containing extensive protein expression and subcellular localization data of the human proteome can be generated in an efficient manner with mono-specific antibodies.
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| 38. |
- Persson, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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A human protein atlas based on antibody proteomics
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Current opinion in molecular therapeutics (Print). - 1464-8431 .- 2040-3445. ; 8:3, s. 185-190
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Human Protein Atlas is a comprehensive database that provides the protein expression profiles for a large number of human proteins, presented as immunohistological images from most human tissues. This review provides an overview of the contents of the atlas, discusses the project strategy and highlights the importance of open access for data validation and quality. Essential procedures that are implemented during antibody production and image generation, such as the use of protein epitope signature tags ( PrEST) antigens, monospecific antibodies, tissue microarrays and thorough quality validation, are also discussed. The Human Protein Atlas is related to four other expression atlas initiatives, including, in particular, an upcoming protein atlas developed by the Sanger Institute.
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| 39. |
- Persson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Passive versus active operator work in automated process control - a job design case study in a control center
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Applied Ergonomics. - 1872-9126. ; 32:5, s. 441-451
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods of avoiding common problems associated with operator work in automated process control, such as understimulation and difficulties in achieving and maintaining necessary skills and competence, are addressed in this paper. The source of these problems is deduced here to be that monitoring tasks are a predominant part of the job. This case study shows how work in a highly automated process can be designed not only to avoid the traditional problems, but also provide a stimulating job within a good work situation at the same time as fulfilling efficiency demands. A new definition of active/passive operator jobs is made which is based on categorisation of the types of work tasks that make up the job. The definition gives an explanation of how different designs of operator jobs result in more or less active/passive work situations.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Persson, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Use of a column leaching test to study the mobility of chlorinated HOCs from a contaminated soil and the distribution of compounds between soluble and colloid phases
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Chemosphere. - : Elsevier BV. - 0045-6535 .- 1879-1298. ; 71:6, s. 1035-1042
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An equilibrium and recirculation column test for hydrophobic organic chemicals (ER-H test) was used to study the leaching behaviour of chlorophenols (CPs), polychlorinated diphenyl ethers (PCDEs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) from contaminated soil. A 50% increase in the pore water velocity was shown to have little or no effect on the mobility of CPs, PCDEs, PCDFs and PCDDs. The standard deviations of truly dissolved compounds, CPs, were between 19% and 65% between the tests. However, the repeatability of the ER-H test decreased with increases in the hydrophobicity of the studied compounds; the standard deviations for PCDEs, PCDFs and PCDDs ranged from 53% to 110%, 57% to 77% and 110% to 130%, respectively. The influence of colloids on the release of these compounds was also examined. Up to 30% of the CPs in the soil were leached, of which 1–3% were associated with colloids. The PCDEs, PCDFs and PCDDs were found to be preferably associated with the particulate fraction of the leachate, and less than 0.2% of these compounds were mobilised.
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| 43. |
- Pontén, Fredrik, et al.
(författare)
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A global view of protein expression in human cells, tissues, and organs
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Molecular Systems Biology. - : EMBO. - 1744-4292 .- 1744-4292. ; 5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Defining the protein profiles of tissues and organs is critical to understanding the unique characteristics of the various cell types in the human body. In this study, we report on an anatomically comprehensive analysis of 4842 protein profiles in 48 human tissues and 45 human cell lines. A detailed analysis of over 2 million manually annotated, high-resolution, immunohistochemistry- based images showed a high fraction (>65%) of expressed proteins in most cells and tissues, with very few proteins (<2%) detected in any single cell type. Similarly, confocal microscopy in three human cell lines detected expression of more than 70% of the analyzed proteins. Despite this ubiquitous expression, hierarchical clustering analysis, based on global protein expression patterns, shows that the analyzed cells can be still subdivided into groups according to the current concepts of histology and cellular differentiation. This study suggests that tissue specificity is achieved by precise regulation of protein levels in space and time, and that different tissues in the body acquire their unique characteristics by controlling not which proteins are expressed but how much of each is produced. Molecular Systems Biology 5: 337; published online 22 December 2009; doi:10.1038/msb.2009.93
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Ribom, Dan, et al.
(författare)
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On the issue of early and aggressive treatment in grade 2 gliomas
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0171-5216 .- 1432-1335. ; 129:3, s. 154-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeTo study the effects of surgery and timing of radiotherapy on patient survival in grade 2 gliomas.MethodsOne hundred and eighty-nine patients with diffuse astrocytomas, oligoastrocytomas, and oligodendrogliomas, World Health Organization grade 2, treated between 1982 and 2000 were identified. The impact of treatment given and clinical parameters were studied in univariate- and multivariate survival analyses.ResultsMedian survival for the whole patient sample was 6.4 years and the 5-year survival rate was 60%. Macroscopic total resection was beneficial in the univariate analysis (P=0.03) but not when adjusting for confounders. Early subtotal resection did not prolong survival. Early radiotherapy was associated with a shorter survival time compared to delayed or no irradiation (P=0.004). However, this difference was mainly due to an unequal distribution of prognostic factors and was not significant in the multivariate analysis. The most important predictors for long survival time were young age (P<0.001), oligodendroglioma histology (P<0.001), and small tumour size (P=0.02).ConclusionsEarly conventional treatment with surgery and radiotherapy had no positive effect on patient survival. This opens up the possibility of trying and evaluating other first-line treatment regimens in this disease.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Semb, Gunvor, et al.
(författare)
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A Scandcleft randomised trials of primary surgery for unilateral cleft lip and palate: 1. Planning and management.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery. - : Taylor & Francis. - 2000-656X .- 2000-6764. ; 51:1, s. 2-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Longstanding uncertainty surrounds the selection of surgical protocols for the closure of unilateral cleft lip and palate, and randomised trials have only rarely been performed. This paper is an introduction to three randomised trials of primary surgery for children born with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP). It presents the protocol developed for the trials in CONSORT format, and describes the management structure that was developed to achieve the long-term engagement and commitment required to complete the project.METHOD: Ten established national or regional cleft centres participated. Lip and soft palate closure at 3-4 months, and hard palate closure at 12 months served as a common method in each trial. Trial 1 compared this with hard palate closure at 36 months. Trial 2 compared it with lip closure at 3-4 months and hard and soft palate closure at 12 months. Trial 3 compared it with lip and hard palate closure at 3-4 months and soft palate closure at 12 months. The primary outcomes were speech and dentofacial development, with a series of perioperative and longer-term secondary outcomes.RESULTS: Recruitment of 448 infants took place over a 9-year period, with 99.8% subsequent retention at 5 years.CONCLUSION: The series of reports that follow this introductory paper include comparisons at age 5 of surgical outcomes, speech outcomes, measures of dentofacial development and appearance, and parental satisfaction. The outcomes recorded and the numbers analysed for each outcome and time point are described in the series.TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN29932826.
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| 50. |
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