| 1. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer derived physical activity and subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis : cross-sectional analyses in 22 703 middle-aged men and women in the SCAPIS study
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and the estimated difference in prevalence by theoretical reallocation of time in different PA behaviours.DESIGN: Cross-sectional.SETTING: Multisite study at university hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 670 participants without cardiovascular disease (51% women, 57.4 years, SD 4.3) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study were included. SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed by hip-worn accelerometer.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Any and significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA), Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CarA) were derived from imaging data from coronary CT angiography and carotid ultrasound.RESULTS: High daily SED (>70% ≈10.5 hours/day) associated with a higher OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), for significant CA, and with lower OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), for significant CarA. High LIPA (>55% ≈8 hours/day) associated with lower OR for significant CA 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96), and CACS, 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.97), but with higher OR for CarA 1.41 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.76). MVPA above reference level, >2% ≈20 min/day, associated with lower OR for significant CA (OR range 0.61-0.67), CACS (OR range 0.71-0.75) and CarA (OR range 0.72-0.79). Theoretical replacement of 30 min of SED into an equal amount of MVPA associated with lower OR for significant CA, especially in participants with high SED 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) or low MVPA 0.51 (0.36 to 0.73).CONCLUSIONS: MVPA was associated with a lower risk for significant atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids, while the association varied in strength and direction for SED and LIPA, respectively. If causal, clinical implications include avoiding high levels of daily SED and low levels of MVPA to reduce the risk of developing significant subclinical atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluating the use of a tactile sensor for measuring carton compliance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 35:3, s. 362-369
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work reports the evaluation of a tactile sensor for the potential of using it to measure the compliance of folding cartons. A tactile sensor would make it possible to measure the mechanical behavior locally around the contact point, in contrast to existing methods that measure the global mechanical behavior of the carton. Research on the haptic sense has shown that the local mechanical behavior is more important than the global behavior when humans assess compliance of objects. It is shown that the response of the tactile sensor correlates strongly with the bending stiffness of the board, but also with geometric features. A method for reducing the 22-dimensional output of the sensor to single meaningful feature using linear discriminant analysis is proposed and tested. The results show that the sensor is a good candidate for a method that incorporates both cutaneous and kinaesthetic information in the measure of carton compliance.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Daniel, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
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Laboratory measurement method for the mechanical interaction between a tactile sensor and a cartonboard package – presentation and evaluation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 36:1, s. 91-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The importance of sensory information in product purchasing decisions has gained increasing attention in recent years. Tactile properties of packaging are usually measured with the help of trained evaluators. An objective, fast and repeatable method that describes the mechanical interaction and does not rely on a panel would have many benefits. We propose and evaluate such a method for measuring the mechanical interaction between a deformable finger-like shaped sensor and a package. Evaluation of the method shows good repeatability, the variability in the measurement result is within a few percent in most cases. The method captures indentation differences at contact between sensor and package due to measurement position and package design.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Fröling, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of the district heat distribution system - Part 1 : Pipe production
- 2004
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer. - 0948-3349 .- 1614-7502. ; 9:2, s. 130-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Goal, Scope and Background: District heating, the utilization of centrally produced heat for space heating and domestic hot water generation, has the potential to contribute to the eco-efficient use of energy resources in the parts of the world where space heating is needed. In literature, environmental studies on district heating mainly consider the emissions from heat generation; the environmental impact from the distribution system is seldom discussed. This paper presents a life cycle assessment of the production of district heating pipes, based on a cradle-to-gate life cycle inventory commissioned by the Swedish District Heating Association. No external review has been performed but a reference group of district heating experts familiar with the practice was involved in the choice of cases as well as in reviewing parts of the study.Methods: Manufacturing of district heating pipes at Powerpipe Systems AB, Goteborg, Sweden, was studied. Prefabricated polyurethane insulated district heating pipes were considered, with a steel tube and a protective casing made of high-density polyethylene. Production of pipes during the time period 1999-2000 was investigated. The functional unit used in the study is production of one district heating pipe unit. The studied pipes are: a twin pipe of the dimension DN25 (12m long) and single pipes of the dimensions DN25 (12m), DN100 (12m) and DN500 (16m).Results and Discussion: A short description of the inventory, some inventory results and a life cycle impact assessment are presented. Characterizations according to GWP, AP, POCP and resource depletion are given as well as two weightings: Ecolndicator99 and Ecoscarcity. If the life cycle is grouped into 'Materials production', 'Transports', 'Manufacturing' and 'Waste management', the 'Materials production' gives rise to a dominating part of the environmental impact.Recommendation and Perspective: To use materials in the pipes as efficiently as possible is the most important feature in order to reduce the environmental impact from production of district heating pipes. Twin pipes can be a more material efficient solution than single pipes. It is important to make sure that environmental improvements from changes in the pipe production phase are not offset by other effects in the total life cycle of the district heating pipe.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Gustafsson, Gabriel, et al.
(författare)
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Secretion and uptake of α-synuclein via extracellular vesicles in cultured cells
- 2018
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Ingår i: Cellular and molecular neurobiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0272-4340 .- 1573-6830. ; 38:8, s. 1539-1550
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Parkinson’s disease and other Lewy body disorders, the propagation of pathology has been accredited to the spreading of extracellular α-synuclein (α-syn). Although the pathogenic mechanisms are not fully understood, cell-to-cell transfer of α-syn via exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) has been reported. Here, we investigated whether altered molecular properties of α-syn can influence the distribution and secretion of α-syn in human neuroblastoma cells. Different α-syn variants, including α-syn:hemi-Venus and disease-causing mutants, were overexpressed and EVs were isolated from the conditioned medium. Of the secreted α-syn, 0.1–2% was associated with vesicles. The major part of EV α-syn was attached to the outer membrane of vesicles, whereas a smaller fraction was found in their lumen. For α-syn expressed with N-terminal hemi-Venus, the relative levels associated with EVs were higher than for WT α-syn. Moreover, such EV-associated α-syn:hemi-Venus species were internalized in recipient cells to a higher degree than the corresponding free-floating forms. Among the disease-causing mutants, A53T α-syn displayed an increased association with EVs. Taken together, our data suggest that α-syn species with presumably lost physiological functions or altered aggregation properties may shift the cellular processing towards vesicular secretion. Our findings thus lend further support to the tenet that EVs can mediate spreading of harmful α-syn species and thereby contribute to the pathology in α-synucleinopathies.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Kristiansen, Per Eugen, et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure and Mutational Analysis of the Lactococcin A Immunity Protein.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Biochemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1520-4995 .- 0006-2960. ; 55:45, s. 6250-6257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The class IId bacteriocin lactococcin A and the pediocin-like bacteriocins induce membrane leakage and cell death by specifically binding the mannose phophotransferase system (man-PTS) on their target cells. The bacteriocins' cognate immunity proteins that protect the producer cell from its own bacteriocin recognize and bind to the bacteriocin-man-PTS complex and thereby block membrane leakage. In this study, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of the lactococcin A immunity protein (LciA) by the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. LciA forms a four-helix bundle structure with a flexible C-terminal tail. Despite the low degree of sequence similarity between LciA and the pediocin-like immunity proteins, they share the same fold. However, there are certain differences between the structures. The C-terminal helix in LciA is considerably shorter than that observed in the pediocin-like immunity proteins, and the surface potentials of the immunity proteins differ. Truncated variants of LciA in which 6 or 10 of the C-terminal residues were removed yielded a reduced degree of protection, indicating that the unstructured C-terminal tail is important for the functionality of the immunity proteins.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Mangs, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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PET and PUR foam insulated District Heating Pipes – Study : Environmental Comparison
- 2006
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Ingår i: Euroheat & Power. - Zürich : Euroheat & Power. - 0949-166X. ; 3:1, s. 26-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The environmental performance of district heating (DH) pipes insulated with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) foams and pipes insulated with polyurethane (PUR) foam was discussed. It was found that carbon dioxide blown PET foam insulated DH pipes have the potential to compete successfully in terms of environmental performance with cyclopentane blown PUR foam insulated pipes provided that commercial methods to produce PET foam of lower density are developed. It was also found that the utilization of recycled PET can reduce the environmental impacts and would contribute to the efficient use of resources in society. The potential for improvement in the long-term thermal and environmental performance of PET is high.
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| 17. |
- Mortensen, Anja, et al.
(författare)
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Selection, characterization and in vivo evaluation of novel CD44v6-targeting antibodies for targeted molecular radiotherapy
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular radiotherapy combines the advantages of systemic administration of highly specific antibodies or peptides and the localized potency of ionizing radiation. A potential target for molecular radiotherapy is the cell surface antigen CD44v6, which is overexpressed in numerous cancers, with limited expression in normal tissues. The aim of the present study was to generate and characterize a panel of human anti-CD44v6 antibodies and identify a suitable candidate for future use in molecular radiotherapy of CD44v6-expressing cancers. Binders were first isolated from large synthetic phage display libraries containing human scFv and Fab antibody fragments. The antibodies were extensively analyzed through in vitro investigations of binding kinetics, affinity, off-target binding, and cell binding. Lead candidates were further subjected to in vivo biodistribution studies in mice bearing anaplastic thyroid cancer xenografts that express high levels of CD44v6. Additionally, antigen-dependent tumor uptake of the lead candidate was verified in additional xenograft models with varying levels of target expression. Interestingly, although only small differences were observed among the top antibody candidates in vitro, significant differences in tumor uptake and retention were uncovered in in vivo experiments. A high-affinity anti-CD44v6 lead drug candidate was identified, mAb UU-40, which exhibited favorable target binding properties and in vivo distribution. In conclusion, a panel of human anti-CD44v6 antibodies was successfully generated and characterized in this study. Through comprehensive evaluation, mAb UU-40 was identified as a promising lead candidate for future molecular radiotherapy of CD44v6-expressing cancers due to its high affinity, excellent target binding properties, and desirable in vivo distribution characteristics.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Persson, Camilla, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Insulating performance of flexible pipes
- 2006
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Ingår i: 10th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 20. |
- Persson, Camilla, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of the district heat distribution system - Part 3 : Use phase and overall discussion
- 2006
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer. - 0948-3349 .- 1614-7502. ; 11:6, s. 437-446
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Goal, Scope and Background. The idea of district heating is to transport centrally produced heat to buildings where it is used for space heating and for domestic hot water generation. Water is used as a heat carrier. Many different heat sources are used to supply district heating networks with hot water. In literature, environmental studies on district heating mainly consider emissions from the heat generation; environmental impacts from the distribution system are seldom discussed. This paper is the third in an article series on the environmental impacts from the district heat distribution system. The paper presents an evaluation of the use phase of district heat distribution, focusing on long-term thermal performance of different district heating pipes. An overall discussion, in which environmental impacts from the different life cycle phases of district heat distribution are compared, is also presented.Methods for the Use Phase Study. Environmental impacts from use of district heat distribution systems were evaluated based on heat losses from the networks, which depend on the long-term thermal performance of the district heating pipes. The heat losses cause environmental impacts from extra heat generation needed to cover the losses.The long-term thermal performance of preinsulated bonded district heating pipes with steel tube, polyurethane foam insulation and polyethylene casing, depends on the thickness and quality of both the insulation and the casing. One important attribute of the foam is the blowing agent used. The blowing agent influences both the initial insulating capacity of the foam and the ageing characteristics, due to differences in migration rates of different substances through the materials.Heat losses were calculated for different district heating pipe dimensions (DN25 twin pipe, and DN25, DN100 and DN500 Series 2 single pipes). Pipes with two different foam blowing agents (cyclopentane and carbon dioxide) were studied, taking into account the differences in long-term thermal performance of the foams. Concerning emissions from heat generation, two heat sources were considered: heat generation according to the average district heating fuel mix used in Sweden in the year of 2000, and heat generation using natural gas heat only boilers. The functional unit used is 100 m of district heat distribution network during 30 years of use.Results and Discussion on the Use Phase. A short description of the inventory, some inventory results and a life cycle impact assessment are presented. Characterizations according to GWP, AP, POCP and resource depletion are given as well as two weightings: EcoIndicator99 and Ecoscarcity. The DN25 twin pipe network has about 25% lower environmental impacts from use than the DN25 Series 2 single pipe network. The district heating pipes insulated with cyclopentane blown polyurethane foam have a better environmental performance during use compared to those insulated with carbon dioxide blown foam (6-13%). This is partly dependent on a higher initial insulating capacity of the cyclopentane blown foam, but also due to a slower deterioration of the insulating capacity over time. For the two heat sources considered, different impact assessments give different indications to which option that is environmentally preferable.Overall Results and Discussion on Pipe Production, Network Construction and Network Use Phases. A comparison of the three life cycle phases studied in this article series was made concerning four emissions, the four characterizations and the two weightings. The use phase represents over half of the total environmental impact for most, but not all, environmental parameters studied. It is important to keep the heat losses from the network down and to strive for heat sources with low environmental impacts. The larger the pipe, the larger is the relative impact from pipe production. The network construction phase has a relatively small contribution to the total environmental impact in most systems studied. However, the emissions during network construction often occur in residential areas and may therefore not be neglected when immediate nuisances and health aspects are considered. A very small change of the material flows in the production phase, the change between two different blowing agents (cyclopentane and carbon dioxide), can give dramatic results for the total environmental outcome for the district heating network because of a large change in influence on environmental impacts during use. The DN25 twin pipe network proves to be environmentally advantageous compared to the DN25 Series 2 single pipe network during all of the studied life cycle phases. Recommendations and Perspectives. It is important to make sure that improvements in the production and construction phases do not lower the insulating capacity of the district heating system. A good initial insulating capacity, maintained over time, is important for the environmental performance of a district heat distribution network. Using DN25 twin pipes instead of DN25 Series 2 single pipes is a better choice, when possible, regarding all studied life cycle phases. The environmental impact from use of the district heat distribution system depends heavily on the type of energy source that is utilized to supply the network with heat.
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| 21. |
- Persson, Camilla, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Mechanical interaction between a cartonboard package and a tactile sensor depending on position and material
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of 17th Fundamental Research Symposium, Cambridge, August/September 2022. - : FRC.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The perception of mechanical rigidity when touching a package is important for purchasing decisions. This perception will depend both on the material and geometry of the product packaging, but also on the position where the package is grasped. Both kinaestethic (globally) and cutaneous cues (locally around the fingertip) play a role in the perception of compliance, but cutaneous cues are more important. We therefore use a tactile sensor to investigate the mechanical interaction between the tactile sensor and a cartonboard package; we study the changes depending on the measuring position and the material. Using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on the measurement result we show that we can separate these two changes for separate analysis.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Persson, Camilla, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Multipole Method to Compute Heat Losses from District Heating Pipes
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The district heating industry is currently searching for new installation fashions for district heat distribution networks in order to decrease the cost of installation. The heat losses cause a large part of the lifetime cost and environmental impacts of district heating networks. This paper presents how the multipole method can be used for quick and accurate determination of heat losses from different installation alternatives of one or more insulated pipes in the ground. The multipole method utilises the cylinder geometry and the fact that real and imaginary parts of analytic functions satisfy Laplace equation to solve steady state heat conduction problems around pipes. The problem is solved in complex coordinates by using line sources and multipoles at the pipes. An equation system for the strengths of the line sources and multipoles is obtained. The equation system may be implemented in Mathcad or similar. Within negligible computer time a result of very high accuracy is obtained. As an example heat losses from two pipes in the ground are calculated. Two laying alternatives are studied: side-by-side and one pipe placed on top of the other. As heat is lost through the ground surface the total heat loss will increase slightly for shallower laying of the pipes and for the supply pipe put on top of the return pipe. Influences of the input parameters are studied for the side-by-side laying case.
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| 24. |
- Persson, Camilla, 1976
(författare)
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Predicting the Long-Term Insulation Performance of District Heating Pipes
- 2015
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the studies that comprise this thesis was to predict the heat loss over timefrom a range of district heating pipes insulated with closed-cells foam. The thermalconductivity of the foam changes over time when it is not diffusion-tight encapsulatedagainst the environment, as diffusion alters the cell gas composition until it reachesequilibrium with the surrounding air. Over the first thirty years of use the insulationcapacity of a straight pipe of medium size insulated with polyurethane foam decreasesby about 10%. The insulating gases cyclopentane and carbon dioxide initially presentin the foam cells diffuse out of the foam over time, while nitrogen and oxygen fromthe air diffuse into it. Complete ageing increases the thermal conductivity of theinsulation by about 10 mW·m-1·K-1, but it is a slow process that takes several years.Equilibrium is not even reached after 100 years. In this work models have beenderived that can be used to predict the long-term heat flow from the pipes andinvestigate the influence of factors that have an impact.Finite difference models for the pipes alone are presented, which consider thevariation of the cell gas composition over the foam cross section. All gases areconsidered in the gas phase. But cyclopentane is also considered in dissolved state, aswell as potentially in liquid state depending on the amount and the temperaturepresent. In order to determine the solubility of cyclopentane in the polyurethanematrix of the foam measurements were performed. The solubility was found todecrease with temperature. About 50% of the cyclopentane was dissolved at roomtemperature, while only about 35% was dissolved at 50ᵒC. There is a weak couplingbetween the heat conduction (i.e. temperature) and the gas diffusion (i.e. cell gascontent) due to the fact that the thermal conductivity is dependent both on thetemperature and the cell gas content, which has been taken into consideration. Bothsingle and twin pipe geometry have been studied. Complex mathematics in the formof a coordinate transformation is needed to perform the predictions for twin pipegeometry.To model installed pipes, a stationary model for annularly insulated pipes in theground has been developed, which also involves complicated mathematics. Thetemperature is represented by series expansions; in each region with differing thermalconductivity a separate expansion is used. The expansions are matched to each otherat the region boundaries and chosen to fulfil the boundary conditions.Finally, the measured cell gas status of aged pipes and the results obtained bymodelling based on assumptions of their initial status and ageing conditions have beencompared. It was found that the actual aged pipes contained less oxygen and morecarbon dioxide than predicted. This is probably due to oxidation. It is interesting tonote that not only the oxygen but also the carbon dioxide content is influenced byoxidation. By consuming oxygen and producing carbon dioxide the oxidation willslow down the decrease of the insulation performance.
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| 25. |
- Persson, Camilla, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Prediction of heat losses from district heating twin pipes
- 2008
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Ingår i: The 11th International Symposium on District Heating and Cooling, August 31 to September 2, 2008, Reykjavik, ICELAND. ; , s. 8-
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method for calculation of long-term heat losses frompolyurethane foam insulated twin pipes is presented,accounting for the spatial dependence and timevariation of the insulating capacity of the foam. With aidof a coordinate transformation the cross-section of thetwin pipe is mapped onto a rectangular geometry, whichfacilitates the modeling. Preliminary results given by thenew model are compared to results given by a previousmodel.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Persson, Camilla, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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The influence of creases on carton board package behavior during point loading
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - : Walter de Gruyter. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 38:3, s. 491-499
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Carton board packages with different creases have been manufactured and loaded with point loads to see if there is a difference in point load behavior depending on crease. A carton board was creased in four different ways. The differences of the creases were judged according to appearance and residual moment. Three of the four creases showed divergent appearances. The re-sidual moment was as expected lowest for the hardest creased sample and vice versa. The packages with the different creases were loaded with a point load. The registered force - displacement curves were analyzed according to stiffness and collapse load. No statistically significant difference could be seen in the collapse load of the package or in the stiffness measured, indicating that with a standard point load measurement it was hard to distinguish a difference in packaging behavior due to creasing. In future work it might be interesting to further study the average stiffness, since a trend of higher average stiffness for lower matrix channel depth exists in the measurements, however not statistically ensured. One possibility to discern possibly existing differences in the resistance of packaging to point load due to crease differences could be to study the interaction in more detail.
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| 29. |
- Sarén, Tina, et al.
(författare)
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Complementarity-determining region clustering may cause CAR-T cell dysfunction
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14:1, s. 4732-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is rapidly advancing as cancer treatment, however, designing an optimal CAR remains challenging. A single-chain variable fragment (scFv) is generally used as CAR targeting moiety, wherein the complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) define its specificity. We report here that the CDR loops can cause CAR clustering, leading to antigen-independent tonic signalling and subsequent CAR-T cell dysfunction. We show via CARs incorporating scFvs with identical framework and varying CDR sequences that CARs may cluster on the T cell surface, which leads to antigen-independent CAR-T cell activation, characterized by increased cell size and interferon (IFN)-γ secretion. This results in CAR-T cell exhaustion, activation-induced cell death and reduced responsiveness to target-antigen-expressing tumour cells. CDR mutagenesis confirms that the CAR-clustering is mediated by CDR-loops. In summary, antigen-independent tonic signalling can be induced by CDR-mediated CAR clustering, which could not be predicted from the scFv sequences, but could be tested for by evaluating the activity of unstimulated CAR-T cells.
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