| 1. |
- Boen, Rune, et al.
(författare)
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Beyond the global brain differences : intraindividual variability differences in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 bp1-bp2 deletion carriers
- 2024
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Ingår i: Biological Psychiatry. - 0006-3223 .- 1873-2402. ; 95:2, s. 147-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Carriers of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants exhibit regional and global brain differences compared with noncarriers. However, interpreting regional differences is challenging if a global difference drives the regional brain differences. Intraindividual variability measures can be used to test for regional differences beyond global differences in brain structure.Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging data were used to obtain regional brain values for 1q21.1 distal deletion (n = 30) and duplication (n = 27) and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion (n = 170) and duplication (n = 243) carriers and matched noncarriers (n = 2350). Regional intra-deviation scores, i.e., the standardized difference between an individual's regional difference and global difference, were used to test for regional differences that diverge from the global difference.Results: For the 1q21.1 distal deletion carriers, cortical surface area for regions in the medial visual cortex, posterior cingulate, and temporal pole differed less and regions in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical surface area. For the 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 deletion carriers, cortical thickness in regions in the medial visual cortex, auditory cortex, and temporal pole differed less and the prefrontal and somatosensory cortex differed more than the global difference in cortical thickness.Conclusions: We find evidence for regional effects beyond differences in global brain measures in 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants. The results provide new insight into brain profiling of the 1q21.1 distal and 15q11.2 BP1-BP2 copy number variants, with the potential to increase understanding of the mechanisms involved in altered neurodevelopment.
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| 2. |
- Palsdottir, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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The Journey of Recovery and Empowerment Embraced by Nature - Clients' Perspectives on Nature-Based Rehabilitation in Relation to the Role of the Natural Environment
- 2014
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Ingår i: International journal of environmental research and public health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 11, s. 7094-7115
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents findings from real life situations, a longitudinal single case study on the role of natural environments in nature-based rehabilitation (NBR) for individuals with stress-related mental disorders, at the Alnarp Rehabilitation Garden in Sweden. A sample of 43 former clients voluntarily participated in semi-structured interview, and the data were analyzed according to interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Three main superordinate themes were identified as the three phases of NBR-Prelude, Recuperating and Empowerment-explaining and illuminating the role of the natural environments in each phase. An explanatory model of NBR in this context is presented including the three phases of NBR, IRP supportive occupations and a pyramid of supporting environments. A new component of supportive environments was identified and herby named, Social quietness, an important component facilitating personal and intimate engagement with the natural environments.
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| 3. |
- Amortegui, Julio Cesar Espana, et al.
(författare)
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LC-MS/MS Analysis of Cyanotoxins in Bivalve Mollusks : Method Development, Validation and First Evidence of Occurrence of Nodularin in Mussels (Mytilus edulis) and Oysters (Magallana gigas) from the West Coast of Sweden
- 2023
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Ingår i: Toxins. - : MDPI. - 2072-6651. ; 15:5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous identification and quantification of cyanotoxins with hydrophilic and lipophilic properties in edible bivalves is presented. The method includes 17 cyanotoxins comprising 13 microcystins (MCs), nodularin (NOD), anatoxin-a (ATX-a), homoanatoxin (h-ATX) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN). A benefit to the presented method is the possibility for the MS detection of MC-LR-[Dha7] and MC-LR-[Asp3] as separately identified and MS-resolved MRM signals, two congeners which were earlier detected together. The performance of the method was evaluated by in-house validation using spiked mussel samples in the quantification range of 3.12-200 mu g/kg. The method was found to be linear over the full calibration range for all included cyanotoxins except CYN for which a quadratic regression was used. The method showed limitations for MC-LF (R-2 = 0.94), MC-LA (R-2 <= 0.98) and MC-LW (R-2 <= 0.98). The recoveries for ATX-a, h-ATX, CYN, NOD, MC-LF and MC-LW were lower than desired (<70%), but stable. Despite the given limitations, the validation results showed that the method was specific and robust for the investigated parameters. The results demonstrate the suitability of the method to be applied as a reliable monitoring tool for the presented group of cyanotoxins, as well as highlight the compromises that need to be included if multi-toxin methods are to be used for the analysis of cyanotoxins with a broader range of chemical properties. Furthermore, the method was used to analyze 13 samples of mussels (Mytilus edulis) and oysters (Magallana gigas) collected in the 2020-2022 summers along the coast of Bohuslan (Sweden). A complementary qualitative analysis for the presence of cyanotoxins in phytoplankton samples collected from marine waters around southern Sweden was performed with the method. Nodularin was identified in all samples and quantified in bivalve samples in the range of 7-397 <= g/kg. Toxins produced by cyanobacteria are not included in the European Union regulatory monitoring of bivalves; thus, the results presented in this study can be useful in providing the basis for future work including cyanotoxins within the frame of regulatory monitoring to increase seafood safety.
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| 4. |
- Andhill, Carl Johan, et al.
(författare)
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ViPCity
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today simulation studies in ViP are mainly carried out in countryside driving environments. There is a lack of city environments. This is probably due to the fact that creating and running countryside environments in some aspects are easier than creating and running city environments. Another reason might be that countryside driving is very relevant in Swedish studies.As projects, and markets, become more international the need for city simulator studies becomes more important. Many drivers around the world do most of their driving in cities.In the ViPCity project software has been developed which facilitates the generation of driving environments for city simulations on the ViP platform. The project result is a number of assets (software, file formats and 3D components) which integrates well with the ViP platform. These assets together give simulator users the possibility to design city environments in a fast and easy way. The software has been implemented and tested successfully in Scania’s truck simulator.
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| 5. |
- Beye, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical Bond Activation Observed with an X-ray Laser
- 2016
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Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 7:18, s. 3647-3651
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of bonding and antibonding orbitals is fundamental in chemistry. The population of those orbitals and the energetic difference between the two reflect the strength of the bonding interaction. Weakening the bond is expected to reduce this energetic splitting, but the transient character of bond-activation has so far prohibited direct experimental access. Here we apply time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy at a free electron laser to directly observe the decreased bonding antibonding splitting following bond-activation using an ultrashort optical laser pulse.
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| 6. |
- Collentine, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Designing cost efficient buffer zone programs: An application of the FyrisSKZ tool in a Swedish catchment
- 2015
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Ingår i: AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 44, s. S311-S318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Riparian buffer zones are the only measure which has been used extensively in Sweden to reduce phosphorus losses from agricultural land. This paper describes how the FyrisSKZ web tool can be used to evaluate allocation scenarios using data from the Svarta River, an agricultural catchment located in central Sweden. Three scenarios are evaluated: a baseline, a uniform 6-m-wide buffer zone in each sub-catchment, and an allocation of areas of buffer zones to sub-catchments based on the average cost of reduction. The total P reduction increases by 30 % in the second scenario compared to the baseline scenario, and the average reduction per hectare increases by 90 % while total costs of the program fall by 32 %. In the third scenario, the average cost per unit of reduction ((sic)163 kg P-1) is the lowest of the three scenarios (58 % lower than the baseline) and has the lowest total program costs.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Eguizabal, Alma, et al.
(författare)
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Model-based deep learning to achieve interpretable spectral CT denoising
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2023: Physics of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photon-counting detectors are greatly improving the resolution and image quality in computed tomography (CT) technology. The drawback is, however, that the reconstruction becomes more challenging. This is because there is a considerable increment of the processing data due to the multiple energy bins and materials in the reconstruction analysis, as well as improved resolution. Yet efficient material decomposition and reconstruction methods tend to generate noisy images that do not completely satisfy the expected image quality. Therefore, there is a need for efficient denoising of the resulting material images. We present a new and fast denoiser that is based on a linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) estimator. The LMMSE is very fast to compute, but not commonly used for CT image denoising, probably due to its inability to adapt the amount of denoising to different parts of the image and the difficulty to derive accurate statistical properties from the CT data. To overcome these problems we propose a model-based deep learning strategy, that is, a deep neural network that preserves an LMMSE structure (model-based), providing more robustness unseen data, as well as good interpretability to the result. In this way, the solution adapts to the anatomy in every point of the image and noise properties at that particular location. In order to asses the performance of the new method, we compare it to both to a conventional LMMSE estimator and to a "black-box"CNN in a simulation study with anthropomorphic phantoms.
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| 9. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational Value among Individuals with Long-Term Mental Illness
- 2003
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Revue Canadienne d`Ergotèrapie. - Ottawa : Sage Publications. - 0008-4174. ; 70:5, s. 276-284
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose. The study compared the perceived value of occupation among a sample of individuals with long-term mental illness to a sample of people not diagnosed with mental illness. As well, it investigated whether diagnostic and demographic factors were related to perceived occupational value among the individuals with mental illness. Finally, the study examined the relationship between occupational value and ratings of health and well-being. Method. One hundred and three individuals with mental illness and 28 healthy individuals were recruited for the study. Results. Overall occupational value among the individuals diagnosed with mental illness differed only marginally from the healthy group, indicating that perceived occupational value was by and large not related to mental illness. Among the individuals with mental illness, having children living at home was related to occupational value. There were moderate to strong associations between occupational value and measures of health and well-being. Practice Implications. This study provides important insights into occupational value among individuals with persistent mental health problems and provides some preliminary evidence in support of the Value, Meaning and Occupation Model. © CAOT PUBLICATIONS ACE
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| 10. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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Rasch analysis of an instrument for measuring occupational value : Implications for theory and practice
- 2009
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London, UK : Informa Healthcare. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 16:2, s. 118-128
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated psychometric properties of an instrument for assessing perceived occupational value, the 26-item OVal-pd. Data from 225 Swedish subjects with and without known mental illness were analysed regarding fit to the Rasch measurement model (partial credit model), differential item functioning (DIF), and functioning of the OVal-pd four-category response scale. The reliability (index of person separation, analogous to Cronbach's alpha) was good (0.92) but there were signs of overall and item level (six items) misfit. There was DIF between people with and without mental illness for three items. Iterative deletion of misfitting items resulted in a new 18-item DIF-free scale with good overall and individual item fit and maintained reliability (0.91). There were no disordered response category thresholds. These observations also held true in separate analyses among people with and without mental illness. Thus, the first steps of ensuring that occupational value can be measured in a valid and reliable way have been taken. Still, occupational value is a dynamic construct and the aspects that fit the construct may vary between contexts. This has implications for, e.g., cross-cultural research and calls for identification of a core set of culture-free items to allow for valid cross-cultural comparisons. Copyright © 2009 Informa UK Limited
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Erlandsson, Lena-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational value and relationships to meaning and health: Elaborations of the ValMO-model.
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London, UK : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 18:1, s. 72-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract This study investigates the theoretical assumption of the Value and Meaning in Occupations model. The aim was to explore the relationship between occupational value, perceived meaning, and subjective health in a sample of individuals of working age, 50 men and 250 women. Frequency of experienced values in occupations was assessed through the Occupational Value instrument with pre-defined items. Perceived meaning was operationalized and assessed by the Sense of Coherence measure. Subjective health was estimated by two questions from the SF-36 questionnaire. The analyses implied descriptive analyses, correlations, and logistic regression analyses in which sociodemographic variables were included. The findings showed highly significant relationships between occupational value and perceived meaning and when belonging to the high group of occupational value the likelihood was tripled of belonging to the high group of perceived meaning. When married or cohabitating there was double the likelihood of belonging to the high group of perceived meaning. Although perceived meaning was found to be positively associated with subjective health, working full time was the most important factor in explaining subjective health, compared with working less than full time. The results confirm assumptions in the ValMO-model, and the importance of focusing on occupational value in clinical practice is highlighted.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Gillmann, Cedric, et al.
(författare)
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The Long-Term Evolution of the Atmosphere of Venus : Processes and Feedback Mechanisms Interior-Exterior Exchanges
- 2022
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Ingår i: Space Science Reviews. - : Springer. - 0038-6308 .- 1572-9672. ; 218:7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work reviews the long-term evolution of the atmosphere of Venus, and modulation of its composition by interior/exterior cycling. The formation and evolution of Venus's atmosphere, leading to contemporary surface conditions, remain hotly debated topics, and involve questions that tie into many disciplines. We explore these various inter-related mechanisms which shaped the evolution of the atmosphere, starting with the volatile sources and sinks. Going from the deep interior to the top of the atmosphere, we describe volcanic outgassing, surface-atmosphere interactions, and atmosphere escape. Furthermore, we address more complex aspects of the history of Venus, including the role of Late Accretion impacts, how magnetic field generation is tied into long-term evolution, and the implications of geochemical and geodynamical feedback cycles for atmospheric evolution. We highlight plausible end-member evolutionary pathways that Venus could have followed, from accretion to its present-day state, based on modeling and observations. In a first scenario, the planet was desiccated by atmospheric escape during the magma ocean phase. In a second scenario, Venus could have harbored surface liquid water for long periods of time, until its temperate climate was destabilized and it entered a runaway greenhouse phase. In a third scenario, Venus's inefficient outgassing could have kept water inside the planet, where hydrogen was trapped in the core and the mantle was oxidized. We discuss existing evidence and future observations/missions required to refine our understanding of the planet's history and of the complex feedback cycles between the interior, surface, and atmosphere that have been operating in the past, present or future of Venus.
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| 20. |
- Hammarberg, T, et al.
(författare)
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Calcium binding to 5-lipoxygenase
- 2002
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Ingår i: Advances in experimental medicine and biology. - Boston, MA : Springer US. - 0065-2598. ; 507, s. 117-121
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 21. |
- Hein, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Deep learning ring artifact correction in photon-counting spectral CT with perceptual loss
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photon-counting spectral CT is a novel technology with a lot of promise. However, one common issue is detector inhomogeneity which results in streak artifacts in the sinogram domain and ring artifacts in the image domain. These rings are very conspicuous and limit the clinical usefulness of the images. We propose a deep learning based image processing technique for ring artifact correction in the sinogram domain. In particular, we train a UNet using a perceptual loss function with VGG16 as feature extractor to remove streak artifacts in the basis sinograms. Our results show that this method can successfully produce ring-corrected virtual monoenergetic images at a range of energy levels.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Hein, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Spectral CT denoising using a conditional Wasserstein generative adversarial network
- 2023
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2023. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Next generation X-ray computed tomography, based on photon-counting detectors, is now clinically available. These new detectors come with the promise of higher contrast-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution and improved low-dose imaging. However, the multi-bin nature of photon-counting detectors renders the image reconstruction problem more difficult. Common approaches, such as the two-step projection-based approach, may result in material basis images with an excessive degree of noise, which limits the clinical usefulness of the images. One possible solution is to "assist"the conventional image reconstruction by post-processing the reconstructed images using deep learning. Such networks are often trained using some pixel-wise loss, such as the mean squared error. This low-level per-pixel comparison is known to lead to over-smoothing and a loss of fine-grained details that are important to the perceptual quality and clinical usefulness of the image. In this abstract, we propose to tackle this issue by including an adversarial loss based on the Wasserstein generative adversarial network with gradient penalty. The adversarial loss will encourage the distribution of the processed images to be similar to that of the ground truth. This helps prevent over-smoothing and ensures that the ground truth texture is well preserved. In particular, we train a version of the UNet using a combination of the mean absolute error and an adversarial loss to correct for noise in the material basis images. We demonstrate that the proposed method can produce denoised virtual monoenergetic images, with realistic texture, at a range of energy levels.
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| 24. |
- Hellwig, Coralie, et al.
(författare)
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Glocal and ecoethical perceptions of engagement with fungi-based food
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 440
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fungal fermentation is a promising strategy to secure affordable, nutritious and sustainable food. Encouraging engagement with fungi-based food is crucial to contribute to social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Reflections can trigger a sense of meaning in engaging in activities and with resources. The aim of this mixed methods study was to explore perceptions of whether participants think their own engagement with fungi-based food is consequential. To do so, the study explored ecoethical reflections relating to whether participants thought engaging with fungi-based food is beneficial or not beneficial for the environment. This study also explored glocal reflections of whether participants thought their own engagement with this kind of food is beneficial or not beneficial in ways that extend to people around them (i.e., local population) or people in other parts of the world (i.e., global population). N = 160 participants completed questionnaires. Most participants expressed a positive outlook, believing that embracing fungi-based food could promote increased sustainability and overall well-being for humans and the environment in numerous different ways. The perceptions that participants shared can affect and trigger conscious engagement with fungi-based food locally with awareness of its global impact which, in turn, can promote well-being for individuals and extend to the population level and thereby contribute to efforts at archiving sustainable development. Nevertheless, the findings highlight a necessity for more information to enable individuals to engage in knowledgeable reflections and, ultimately, act upon their values and what is meaningful to them. The results are important for future development and conceptualization of not only fungi-based food but also other food that is expected to contribute to sustainable development.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Iwarsson, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation and survival: a 25-year follow-up study of an aging population
- 1998
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0272-9490. ; 52:1, s. 65-70
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: In this retrospective study of an elderly population cohort living in a defined Swedish rural area, the relationship between occupation and survival as a measure of objective health was investigated. The cohort has been followed for 25 years. METHOD: On the basis of the baseline socioeconomic interview from assessments performed when the participants were 67 years of age, an index of active participation in daily occupation was devised. The index was used to investigate the covariation between generic everyday occupation and long-time survival. RESULTS: For the female participants, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated differences in survival between the "less active" and "more active," and Cox regression survival analyses resulted in a significant covariance between occupation and survival. For the male participants, no such differences were found. CONCLUSION: The significant results for the women implied support for the core assumption of occupational therapy that a relationship exists between occupation and health. The lack of differences in survival among more active and less active men demonstrates the complexity of studying occupation.
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Johansson, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of heat treatment on capillary water absorption of heat-treated pine, spruce and birch
- 2006
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Ingår i: Wood structure and properties '06. - Zvolen, Slovakia : Arbora Publishers. ; , s. 251-255
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Longitudinal absorption of water in matched heat-treated and untreated boards was studied. The boards are from three different species. Scots pine (Pious sylvestris), Norway spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pubescens). The heat treatment was performed according to the Thermowood process at two different temperature levels (170 degrees C and 200 degrees C) for all three species. Computer tomography (CT) scanning was used to intermittently monitor the ascent of the water front. The use of CT scanning enables a study of the liquid water ascent in three dimensions over time. This means that it is possible to determine the influence of different treatment temperatures and species as well as the difference between heartwood and sapwood on capillary action.The results show that longitudinal water absorption in pine sapwood was substantially lamer when heat-treated at 170 degrees C compared to untreated pine sapwood. In pine heartwood, the ascent of water was low in heat-treated as well as in untreated boards. Spruce boards showed low water absorption in sap- and heartwood in heat-treated as well as in untreated boards. Birch showed a decreasing uptake of water with increasing treatment temperature
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Karlsson, Hannes, et al.
(författare)
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Deep-learning-based denoising for photon-counting CT : Image domain or projection domain?
- 2022
-
Ingår i: MEDICAL IMAGING 2022. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photon-counting detectors (PCD) are the most recent advancement in computed tomography (CT). PCDs allow, among other things, for material decomposition, which decomposes the imaged object into a set of basis materials. Another field that is gaining attention, is the use of deep learning to improve the image reconstruction process in CT. In this work, we study the use of deep learning, specifically convolutional neural networks trained on the KiTS19 Challenge kidney data set, to improve the image quality of basis images resulting from three-material decomposition, a problem that is difficult due to its high sensitivity to noise. Our objective is to compare different network architectures and investigate whether these are best implemented in the projection domain or in the image domain. We study three different network architectures: U-Net, Dilated U-Net and ResNet, each applied in either the image domain or in the projection domain. The resulting image quality is evaluated in terms of contrast-to-noise ratio, task transfer function and noise power spectrum. Results show that for the type of phantoms the networks were trained on, the most effective option is to implement the network in the image domain and to use either the U-Net or Dilated U-Net architectures. However, when applying the networks to other phantoms, it seems that the networks in the sinogram generalize better, and produce better results. We also discuss why this might be the case, compare it with previous research, and consider what further improvements can be made.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Kaufmann, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain
- 2019
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Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 22:10, s. 1617-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders.
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| 35. |
- Krantz, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Prescribers’ experience of active wheelchair provisioning in Sweden : Analysis of a postal questionnaire
- 2011
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Ingår i: Technology and Disability. - : BIOS Scientific Publishers. - 1055-4181 .- 1878-643X. ; 23:4, s. 191-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experience of prescription of active rigid-frame ultra light-weight wheelchairs was reported, using data on 278 prescribers in Sweden. Data was interpreted within the theoretical framework of MPT: Matching Person and Technology. This framework contains three reciprocal components: (1) user/consumer preferences; (2) critical features of the technology; and (3) environment and psychosocial setting. A purpose of the MPT model is to identify barriers to assistive technology use. The chi2-test was used to analyse the importance of prescriber characteristics for prescribing behaviour. Prescribers with longer experience emphasised both their influence on user’s life-style and cost-related issues over wheelchair trends. Longer experience and responsibility for more users were also associated with perceived easiness of obtaining information on new products. In general, prescribers emphasised self-image, design, appearance and aesthetics. However, prescribers perceived local regulations that limit the options as one barrier. Another barrier was lack of practice due to few annual prescriptions. The major source of information was manufacturer marketing. Thus, even though prescribers may have wanted to prescribe a user-matched wheelchair, they may have lacked the possibility to do so due to: (1) lack of practice and/or specialized knowledge; and (2) narrow regulations; both pertaining to the political decisions of municipality governments.
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Krantz, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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Stigma-handling strategies in everyday life among women aged 20 to 30 with transversal upper limb reduction deficiency
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1501-7419 .- 1745-3011. ; 10:4, s. 209-226
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This grounded theory study shows an adaptation of stigma-handling strategies to situations in everyday life by women aged 20 to 30 with dysmelia, i.e. transversal upper limb reduction deficiency (TULRD). Strategies are comprehensive patterns of action aimed at controlling information about one’s status as deviating from an ad hoc normality. Strategies consist of: (1) Attitude (proofing/being); (2) Tactic (concealing/revealing); (3) Exposure (volun-tary/imposed); and (4) Boost (amplifying/altering). A proofing or being attitude constitutes a contextual adaptation understood in terms of a concealing or revealing tactic, aiming at delay-ing or promoting exposure to contextual attitudes and possible prejudices. If exposure is de-layed, a person with dysmelia blends in. Exposure may be voluntary or imposed. After expo-sure, the relative importance of TULRD in the specific context may decrease, thus a boost of an amplification or altering of the attitude, i.e. boost is the interactional outcome enforcing the choice of strategy in another context.
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| 38. |
- Krantz, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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The Experience of Active Wheelchair Provision and Aspects of Importance Concerning the Wheelchair Among Experienced Users in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: The Review of Disability Studies. - : University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. - 1552-9215. ; 7:2, s. 21-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This qualitative study describes the experience of active ultra lightweight rigid frame wheelchairs (active wheelchairs) provision. Eleven interviews with experienced users showed that the wheelchair should support physical as well as social functioning, but that users experienced injustice and unfairness when negotiating their wheelchair needs and felt insecure within the system. Changes of attitudes and organization are suggested.
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| 39. |
- Krantz, Oskar, et al.
(författare)
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The experience of active wheelchair provision and aspects of importance concerning the wheelchair among experienced users in Sweden
- 2011
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Ingår i: Review of Disability Studies: An International Journal. - : University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa. - 1553-3697. ; 7:2, s. 21-37
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This qualitative study describes the experience of active ultra lightweight rigid frame wheelchairs (active wheelchairs) provision. Eleven interviews with experienced users showed that the wheelchair should support physical as well as social functioning, but that users experienced injustice and unfairness when negotiating their wheelchair needs and felt insecure within the system. Changes of attitudes and organization are suggested.
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| 40. |
- Kristensen, Hanne Kaae, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of evidence within occupational therapy in stroke rehabilitation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 18:1, s. 11-25
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Evidence-based practice creates practice that integrates research-driven evidence with clinical expertise and patients' preferences in clinical decision-making. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate and evaluate the quality and applicability of scientific research in occupational therapy intervention related to the use of everyday life occupations and client-centred practice within stroke rehabilitation. Design: Systematic searches of research studies published in English during 2000-2007 in peer-reviewed journals were undertaken. Thirty-nine articles and one Cochrane review were appraised and the quality evaluated using an evidence taxonomy and an evidence hierarchy. Results: Evidence arose providing support for a client-centred approach, entailing outcome related to better ability to recall goals, the patients feeling more involved and able to manage more everyday life occupations after rehabilitation. There is also considerable evidence for the use of everyday life occupations in occupational therapy. Occupational therapy was evaluated as an important aspect of stroke rehabilitation improving outcomes in everyday life occupations including activities of daily living (ADL) and participation. Discussion: As research of relevance for the profession to a large extent includes qualitative research it gives rise to reflection on including more tools than the evidence hierarchy while evaluating evidence within occupational therapy.
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| 41. |
- Larsson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Proton stopping power ratio prediction using photon-counting computed tomography and deep learning
- 2024
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2024: Physics of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proton radiation therapy has the potential of achieving precise dose delivery to the tumor while sparing noncancerous surrounding tissue, owing to the sharp Bragg peaks of protons. Aligning the high dose region with the tumor requires accurate estimates of the proton stopping power ratio (SPR) of patient tissues, commonly derived from computed tomography (CT) image data. Photon-counting detectors within CT have demonstrated advantages over their energy-integrating counterparts, such as improved quantitative imaging, higher spatial resolution and filtering of electronic noise. In this study, the potential of photon-counting computed tomography for improving SPR estimation was assessed by training a deep neural network on a domain transform from photon-counting CT images to SPR maps. XCAT phantoms of the head were generated and used to simulate photon-counting CT images with CatSim, as well as to compute corresponding ground truth SPR maps. The CT images and SPR maps were then used as input and labels to a neural network. Prediction of SPR with the network yielded mean root mean square errors (RMSE) of 0.26-0.41 %, which is an improvement on errors reported for methods based on dual energy CT (DECT). These early results show promise for using a combination of photon-counting CT and deep learning for predicting SPR, which in extension demonstrates potential for reducing the beam range uncertainty in proton therapy.
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| 42. |
- Mapalo, Marc A., et al.
(författare)
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The Unique Antimicrobial Recognition and Signaling Pathways in Tardigrades with a Comparison Across Ecdysozoa
- 2020
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Ingår i: G3-GENES GENOMES GENETICS. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2160-1836. ; 10:3, s. 1137-1148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tardigrades are microscopic animals known to withstand unfavorable abiotic conditions. These animals are also constantly exposed to biotic stresses, including parasites and internal microbiomes. However, the tardigrade immune mechanisms against these biotic stresses are largely uncharacterized. Due to the contentious phylogenetic position of tardigrades, it is not intuitive whether they possess an immune system more similar to that of arthropods (e.g., Toll, Imd, and JNK pathways of the Drosophila melanogaster antimicrobial response) or to that of nematodes (e.g., the Tir-1/Nsy-1/Sek-1/Pmk-1/Atf-7 signaling cassette [called Tir-1 pathway here]) in Caenorhabditis elegans). In this study, comparative genomic analyses were conducted to mine homologs of canonical D. melanogaster and C. elegans immune pathway genes from eight tardigrades (Echiniscoides cf. sigismundi, Echiniscus testudo, Hypsibius exemplaris, Mesobiotus philippinicus, Milnesium tardigradum, Paramacrobiotus richtersi, Richtersius cf. coronifer, and Ramazzottius varieornatus) and four non-arthropod ecdysozoans (two onychophorans: Epiperipatus sp. and Opisthopatus kwazululandi; one nematomorph: Paragordius varius; and one priapulan: Priapulus caudatus) in order to provide insights into the tardigrade antimicrobial system. No homologs of the intracellular components of the Toll pathway were detected in any of the tardigrades examined. Likewise, no homologs of most of the Imd pathway genes were detected in any of the tardigrades or any of the other non-arthropod ecdysozoans. Both the JNK and Tir-1 pathways, on the other hand, were found to be conserved across ecdysozoans. Interestingly, tardigrades had no detectable homologs of NF-kappa B, the major activator of antimicrobial response gene expression. Instead, tardigrades appear to possess NF-kappa B distantly related NFAT homologs. Overall, our results show that tardigrades have a unique gene pathway repertoire that differs from that of other ecdysozoans. Our study also provides a framework for future studies on tardigrade immune responses.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Martinsson, Dennis, et al.
(författare)
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Enskildas rättssäkerhet är nu hotad
- 2019
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Ingår i: Svenska dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :10 november, s. 6-6
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Mårtensson, Kristina, et al.
(författare)
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Åtgärdsscenarier för minskat näringsläckage från åkermark : beräkningar för ett urval av delavinningsområden inom LEVA-områden
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att effektivisera arbetet mot övergödning behöver åtgärder genomföras där behovet av förbättring är som störst och där åtgärder har störst potential att ge god effekt. En metod för att identifiera dessa områden och beräkna effekt och kostnadseffektivitet för ett antal åtgärder mot näringsförluster från åkermark har här tagits fram på uppdrag av Havs- och vattenmyndigheten. Metoden testades inom tre områden inom pilotprojektet LEVA, Lokalt engagemang för vatten och genom samråd med de lokala åtgärdssamordnarna i dessa tre områden samt LEVA projektledningsgrupp. Två olika scenarier för åtgärder beräknades, ett med maximal omfattning vilket bland annat innebar att all stallgödsling togs bort, samt ett med riktade åtgärder i befintligt produktionssystem. I scenarierna ingick åtgärder i odlingssystemet, strukturkalkning samt fosfordammar. Målsättningen i scenarierna var att nå god ekologisk status vilket innebar att sänka fosforförlusterna. De valda åtgärderna i scenarierna har därför främst effekt mot fosforförluster men som komplement har även åtgärder mot kväveförluster beräknats eftersom kväve liksom fosfor bidrar till övergödning. Åtgärderna i odlingssystemet samt stukturkalkning beräknades med Typhaltskalkylatorn, en matris med utlakningskoefficienter för olika kombinationer av klimat, jordart, gröda och brukningssystem. Typhaltskalkylatorn baseras på NLeCCS-metoden som används för beräkning av läckage från svensk åkermark. Inom detta projekt har Typhaltskalkylatorn vidareutvecklats för att kunna beskriva läckaget från fler kombinationer av odlingssystem och för strukturkalkning. För lokalisering av fosfordammar användes ett nyutvecklat system för bedömning av optimal placering som utgår från samband mellan hydraulisk belastning och näringshalter och där data från NLeCCS-metoden eller som i detta projekt från Typhaltskalkylatorn användes för att bedöma flöden av vatten och näringsämnen i åkerlandskapet. Resultaten av scenarierna visade att minskningen av fosforförlusterna skulle kunna vara ca 30 % om åtgärderna utnyttjades maximalt. De riktade åtgärderna gav nästan lika stor effekt som den maximala omfattningen av åtgärderna. Kostnader per kg reducerat P var lägre i scenariot med riktade åtgärder och fosfordamm jämfört med åtgärder på samtliga jordar och fosfordamm. För att identifiera lämpliga områden för storskalig strukturkalkning beräknades potentiell effekt av strukturkalkning för samtliga LEVA-områden. Effekten av strukturkalkning beror av många faktorer och kunskapen om flera av dem är begränsad. I beräkningarna redovisas därför endast den relativa effekten mellan delavrinningsområden. Störst potential för god effekt av strukturkalkning hade delavrinningsområden i LEVA-område Sagån men även LEVA Örsundaån och Enköpingsån hade god potential i ett flertal delavrinningsområden. För att kunna följa upp effekten av strukturkalkning i områden där strukturkalkning planeras togs det också fram ett förslag på uppföljningsprogram. Metoden som togs fram och användes i detta projekt visar hur potentialen för att genomföra en viss åtgärd beror av både vilken areal som finns tillgänglig och är lämplig för åtgärden men också hur effekten av den enskilda åtgärden minskar när flera åtgärder kombineras. Typhaltskalkylatorn kan även användas som ett lokalt rådgivningsverktyg för att värdera effekten av olika åtgärder på den enskilda gården. Däremot lämpar den sig inte för att bestämma gårdens utlakningsnivåer, då ingångsdata om de lokala förutsättningarna inte finns i tillräckligt hög geografisk upplösning.
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| 48. |
- Nik, Vahid, 1979-, et al.
(författare)
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Klimatdata och klimatfiler för övertemperatursimuleringar i byggnader : en kunskapssammanställning
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna kunskapssammanställning om klimatdata och klimatfiler kan ge en bred och korrekt förståelse om var det finns kunskap och vilka utvecklingsbehov som behöverstödjas, vilka som agerar inom området och vilka regler och standarder som tillämpas.För att klara klimatförändringar har det stora fokuset inom byggsektorn (och många andra sektorer) hittills varit att ”lindra effekterna av klimatförändringen”. Detta samtidigt som det är nödvändigt med förberedelser för klimatförändringar, eftersom de sker och påverkar alla människor. Därför behövs större uppmärksamhet på ”klimatförändringsanpassning” genom att öka kunskapen inom byggsektorn, utveckla och testa metoder och syntetisera lättanvända uppsättningar av klimatdata för användarna.I många länder måste användarna köpa väderdata, medan det i andra länder finns uppsättningar av väderdata som är offentliga. Det finnas flera tillvägagångssätt för att ta fram indata (klimatfiler för framtiden) till den stora användningen som kan förutses. Allt kräver investeringar i att skapa kunskap och underlag/data som kan delas med användarna. Felaktig användning av klimatfiler för framtiden kan leda till mycket dyra ekonomiska konsekvenser. Analysers rumsliga och tidsmässiga upplösningar spelar en viktig roll för kraven på kvalitet på klimatfiler för framtidens väder.Mikroklimat påverkar energi- och fuktprestandan hos byggnader (och energisystem) men försummas av de flesta tillgängliga tillvägagångssätten. Detta samtidigt som effekter av extrema klimathändelser kan förändras avsevärt i urban/mikroskala. Att ta hänsyn till mikroklimat kommer att öka kostnaden för analyser avsevärt och det är inte möjligt i alla lägen. Därför behöver prioriteringar göras av kvalificerade beslutsfattare.Osäkerhet finns i alla indata som används i olika analyser av energianvändning och inomhusklimat. När beräkningar och simuleringar görs, kan säkerhetsmarginaler anpassas på olika sätt. Klimatfiler för framtiden kan ha säkerhetsmarginal, men frågan ärom det ska vara för en kort, lång eller mycket lång period.I dagens bostadsprojekt är det mycket ovanligt med komfortkyla. Kommer det att vara annorlunda om 10–15 år? Behöver nya byggnader förberedas för komplettering med komfortkyla? Möjliga konsekvenser och hur osäkerhet ska hanteras samtsäkerhetsmarginaler användas behöver utredas vidare.Det finns tre stora luckor i nuläget för byggbranschen (och anläggningsarbeten)Brist på korrekta väderdata/klimatfiler för framtiden, som lätt kan användas av alla intressenter.Brist på nya/uppdaterade/verifierade tillvägagångssätt som korrekt tar hänsyn till extrema väderhändelser och osäkerheter om klimatet.Bristande kunskap hos ingenjörer, intressenter, ansvariga offentliga sektorer och även forskare om konsekvensanalys av klimatförändringar.Med tanke på de senaste framstegen inom området för modellering av klimatförändringar och det framgångsrika forskningsarbetet med att koppla klimatmodeller till tekniska modeller, borde det finnas stora möjligheter att ta itu med frågeställningarna. Det krävs att tydliga mål sätts upp och att åtgärder vidtas.
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| 49. |
- Nylander, Åsa, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Structural and functional analysis of the N-terminal domain of the Streptococcus gordonii adhesin Sgo0707
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library Science. - 1932-6203. ; 8:5, s. e63768-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The commensal Streptococcus gordonii expresses numerous surface adhesins with which it interacts with other microorganisms, host cells and salivary proteins to initiate dental plaque formation. However, this Gram-positive bacterium can also spread to non-oral sites such as the heart valves and cause infective endocarditis. One of its surface adhesins, Sgo0707, is a large protein composed of a non-repetitive N-terminal region followed by several C-terminal repeat domains and a cell wall sorting motif. Here we present the crystal structure of the Sgo0707 N-terminal domains, refined to 2.1 Å resolution. The model consists of two domains, N1 and N2. The largest domain, N1, comprises a putative binding cleft with a single cysteine located in its centre and exhibits an unexpected structural similarity to the variable domains of the streptococcal Antigen I/II adhesins. The N2-domain has an IgG-like fold commonly found among Gram-positive surface adhesins. Binding studies performed on S. gordonii wild-type and a Sgo0707 deficient mutant show that the Sgo0707 adhesin is involved in binding to type-1 collagen and to oral keratinocytes.
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| 50. |
- Palsdottir, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in experienced value of everyday occupations after nature-based vocational rehabilitation
- 2014
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1651-2014 .- 1103-8128. ; 21:1, s. 58-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and assess changes in participants' experiences of everyday occupations after nature-based vocational rehabilitation (NBVR), to assess changes regarding symptoms of severe stress and the rate of return to work and possible association with experiencing the occupational value of everyday occupations. Methods: The NBVR was carried out by a transdisciplinary rehabilitation team and took place in a specially designed rehabilitation garden. The study had a longitudinal and mixed-method approach. Data concerning experiences of everyday occupations (Oval-pd), self-assessed occupational competence (OSA-F), health status (EQ-VAS, SCI-93), and sense of coherence (SOC-13) were collected before and after the intervention, and a one-year follow-up was carried out regarding returning to work. Semi-structured interviews were performed 12 weeks after the intervention. Results: Significant changes were measured regarding perceived occupational values in daily life, symptoms of severe stress, and returning to work. Both the return to work rate and symptoms of severe stress were significantly associated with changed experience of everyday occupation. Conclusions: In the interviews, participants explained that they now had a slower pace of everyday life and that everyday occupations were more often related to nature and creativity. This could be interpreted as nature-based rehabilitation inducing changes through meaningful occupations in restorative environments, leading to a positive change in perceived values of everyday occupations.
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