| 1. |
- Andersson-Sköld, Yvonne, et al.
(författare)
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Landslide risk management : A brief overview and example from Sweden of current situation and climate change
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. - : Elsevier. - 2212-4209. ; 3:March, s. 44-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landslide risk is a function of the probability of the event and its consequences. Previous research has shown that preventive measures to reduce the risk are preferred over reactive measures but, especially in developing countries, rarely undertaken. A contributing factor is the lack of evidence that preventive measures pay. This study includes a brief overview of landslide risk management in general and an investigation of the present risk management situation in Sweden based on interviews in 11 municipalities complemented with interviews in Norway. The result shows that climate change has become part of the general awareness and started to be taken into account in the municipal spatial planning. Landslide susceptibility maps and databases are useful tools in the complex spatial planning. The results indicate that the application of landslide susceptibility and risk maps as previously applied for preventive measures and spatial planning in the landslide prone area Gota alv river valley have been cost effective. Improved documentation and more active communication among different stakeholders would, however, contribute to more effective landslide management.
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| 2. |
- Bellström, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Canvas som plattform för digitala krisövningar : Några första resultat från en demonstrationsövning
- 2020
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Ingår i: Kursdesign i Canvas. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 9789178671540 - 9789178671588 ; , s. 11-42
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Övning ger färdighet och det gäller inte bara i traditionell undervisning utan också vid krisledning. Krisledning kännetecknas av att medlemmarna i en krisledningsgrupp ska ansvara för sina respektive verksamhetsområden och genom snabb interaktion och samordning över verksamhetsgränserna mildra effekterna av krisen för organisationen eller samhället som helhet. Det innebär att rollmedvetenhet och kommunikationsförmåga måste tränas för den enskilde så väl som för gruppen som helhet. På gruppnivå är också samverkan och koordinering internt och externt viktigt att öva. Tidigare studier visar att organisationer är intresserade av möjligheten att öva mer via digitala verktyg (Wik et al., 2017). Inom ramen för det till och med 2021 pågående Interregprojektet CriseIT 2 utvecklar vi ett koncept för övningsstöd baserat på lärplattformar. Kapitlet beskriver genom en fallstudie hur en seminarieövning kan genomföras med stöd av lärplattformen Canvas. Data till studien har samlats in genom observationer, enkäter, storgruppsdiskussion och deltagarnas indata till Canvas. Erfarenheter från fallstudien sammanfattas i möjligheter, problem och förbättringsbehov kopplade till Canvas och övningsdesignen, och rekommendationer ges både för krisövning och för undervisning baserad på problematisering och dilemmaövningar i klassrummet.
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| 3. |
- Bellström, Peter, 1971-, et al.
(författare)
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Elaborating requirements for a digital crisis training tool : Findings from a pilot study
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of ISD2019.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Crisis preparedness is of great importance to many actors in society. Maintaining crisis preparedness is an arduous task that requires frequent exercises. However, many actors have trouble accomplishing this because planning and conducting exercises are time consuming and involve high costs. Digitalization of crisis training has been suggested as a way to partly overcome these obstacles. In this paper, we present the results of a pilot study on an exercise in a digital crisis training tool. Trainees were interviewed and a content analysis was performed on the data. The analytical categories consisted of requirements for a crisis training tool, developed in our previous work. The results of the analysis show that the pace of an exercise, the number of trainees and the number of asynchronous and synchronous modules are all related to boundaries of digital crisis training. These boundaries need to be further explored.
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| 4. |
- Christenson, Nina, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Riskville – A game for learning about disaster risks and urban planning
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters. - Colorado Springs, CO : International Research Committee on Sociology of Disasters; International Sociological Association. - 0280-7270. ; 36:3, s. 238-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Education plays a key role in disaster risk reduction (DRR) and in creating resilient societies worldwide by disseminating information about risks and in improving people’s risk awareness. This, in turn, helps them to prepare, cope with and recover from possible disaster events, hence making the societies more resilient. This paper shortly presents the theoretical background and the rules of the game Riskville where the participants get to experience in a hands-on manner the connections and conflicts between urban planning, different interests and climate related risks. We conclude that Riskville promotes discussions on different perspectives on disaster risk and resilience and approaches in including them into urban planning.
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| 5. |
- Grip, Lena, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Crisis communication with tourists of the grid. : Incorporating the Swedish tourism sector in crisis management and communication – methods and strategies for preparedness and collaboration in rural areas
- 2021
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our changing climate foretells a future with continued large forest fires and extreme weather events, such as devastating storms, heavy rainfall, flooding, heat and drought. This project focuses on preparedness for this kind of events taking place while large, spread-out, and often uncertain, numbers of visitors are roaming the Swedish countryside – not seldom voluntarily or involuntarily of the grid. The conditions for crisis communication is changing with social media, apps and digitalization of information. Obstacles and possibilities for digitalization in the tourism sector in relation to the specific conditions of nature-based tourism needs more attention.Tourists are a vulnerable group in crisis situations, since they are not acquainted with neither the place nor how to find information about the crisis and how to keep themselves safe. In parallel, the Swedish tourism sector is constantly growing, with new trends as ”vacation at home” and increasing numbers of international tourists visiting Swedish nature, and nature-based tourism is believed to see a significant increase in post-pandemic travel, as more visitors seek uncrowded destinations. A crisis can be devastating in nature tourist areas. Despite this, the tourism sector is often viewed as peripheral and is in some cases not even included in crisis preparedness planning. The aim of this study is to generate new knowledge and methods for incorporating the Swedish countryside tourism sector in crisis management and communication. Crisis management and risk preparedness and awareness, and collaborations and relations between the tourism sector and other crisis management actors (municipalities and public authorities) are in focus, as well as the nature tourists themselves.
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| 6. |
- Gustafsson, Erik, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Combinatorial Optimization of Pre-Formed Hose Assemblies
- 2021
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the ASME 2021 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference (IDETC-CIE2021). - : The American Society of Mechanical Engineers. - 9780791885390
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cable and hose routing is a complex and time-consuming process that often involves several conflicting objectives. Complexity increases further when routes of multiple components are to be considered through the same space. Extensive work has been done in the area of automatic routing where few proposals optimize multiple hoses together. This paper proposes a framework for the routing of multiple pre-formed hoses in an assembly using a unique permutation process where several alternatives for each hose are generated. A combinatorial optimization process is then used to find Pareto-optimal solutions for the multi-route assembly. This is coupled with a scoring model that predicts the overall fitness of a solution based on designs previously scored by the engineer as well as an evaluation system where the engineer can score new designs found through the use of the framework to update the scoring model. The framework is evaluated using a testcase from a car manufacturer showing a severalfold time reduction compared to a strictly manual process. Considering the time savings, the proposed framework has the potential to greatly reduce the overall routing processes of hoses and cables.
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Erik, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Design Automation and Machine Learning algorithms for creation of easily modifiable splines
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of NordDesign 2020, Lyngby, Denmark, 12th - 14th August 2020. - : The Design Society. - 9781912254088
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to enable easy modification of results from a design optimization process in a CAD tool, a flexible representation of the geometry is needed. This is not always trivial however, since many file formats are not importable as modifiable geometry into the CAD tool, and if they are, they might not represent the geometry in a way that enables easy modification. To mitigate this problem a design automation (DA) and a machine learning (ML) approach are developed and compared using a test case from an optimization process used to optimize hose routing in tight spaces. In the test case used, the geometry from the optimization process consists of center curves represented as a large number of points. To enable easy modification a more flexible representation is needed such as a spline with a few well-placed control points. Both the DA and ML approach can approximate center curves from the optimization process as splines containing a varying number of control points but do show different properties. The DA approach is considerably slower than the ML but adds a lot of flexibility regarding accuracy and the number of control points used.
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| 8. |
- Gustafsson, Erik, 1993-
(författare)
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Exploring Data-Driven Methods to Enhance Usability of Design Optimization
- 2022
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Developing high-performing products at a low cost while keeping development time down is increasingly important in today’s competitive market. The current state presents a need for efficient product development processes. One of the challenges is knowledge often being limited in early stages where the cost of making changes is still relatively low. As the process progresses more knowledge is gained to better support decisions; however the cost of making changes increases, limiting the design freedom. To increase knowledge while retaining design freedom, several computer-based tools are available to both generate and evaluate designs in order to make iterations faster and more accurate.Design Optimization (DO) can be utilized to explore the design space and find optimal designs. A Computer-Aided Design (CAD) model is often required as input to analysis tools evaluating the designs. By utilizing Design Automation (DA) several tasks involved in creation and modification of CAD models can be automated. For this reason, DA is sometimes considered an enabler for DO although its use is far wider, covering several aspects of the design process mainly focusing on automating repetitive and routine tasks.Machine Learning and other data-driven methods are becoming increasingly viable in the context of DO and DA. This thesis explores the use of data-driven methods to enhance the usability of DO in different ways such as a faster process, new use-cases, or a more integrated and automated process. Literature in the area is reviewed, identifying applications, trends and challenges. Furthermore, two support tools are developed, incorporating data-driven methods tied to an industrial case. The applications focus on parameterizing geometry and predicting design performance respectively. Potential benefits, limitations, and challenges are discussed based on the literature review and insights from the two support tools. The focus of the thesis is mainly on how data-driven methods can facilitate automation and integration in the design process, specifically for complex products requiring significant engineering efforts.
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| 9. |
- Huuva, Ivan, et al.
(författare)
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Measurements of forest biomass change using L- and P-band SAR backscatter
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium (IGARSS). - 9781509049516 ; 2017-July, s. 5818-5821, s. 5818-5821
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three-year forest above-ground biomass change were measured using L- and P-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) backscatter. The SAR data were collected in the airborne BioSAR 2007 and BioSAR 2010 campaigns over the hemiboreal Remningstorp test site in southern Sweden. Regression models for biomass were developed using reference biomass maps created using airborne laser scanning data and field measurements. The results from regression analysis show that using HV backscatter (or VH) in a model with above-ground biomass and backscatter change on either natural logarithmic or square root, and decibel scale, respectively, explained most of the variation in the biomass change, both for L- and P-band. In the case of L-band, the two best cases showed R2 values of 66%, when comparing two SAR images acquired 2007 and 2010. For P-band using the same models, the best cases showed R2 values of 62%. In summary, the results look promising using L- and P-band backscattering for mapping biomass change.
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| 10. |
- Johansson, Magnus, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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How to measure efficiency in risk prevention?
- 2012
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Risk assessment methods form corner stones in the striving to reduce risks and threats to human life and society. Proposed actions can be physical or non-physical and adopted or declined after political evaluation, with consideration taken to available resources and estimated effect on risk. To optimize and avoid regrettable actions, decision-makers are in need of well-founded analyses of how efficient different options might be. Analytically, there are several possible steps that can contribute.Firstly, the correlation between a measure and its effect should be based on causality, which often is difficult to establish quantitatively. High frequent accidents (e.g. traffic) can normally be treated statistically , while low frequent accidents with severe consequences (e.g. natural hazards) are more restricted to qualitative descriptions of correlation. Systematic monitoring of injury and damage data and gathering into databases, are a crucial activity for causality valuation. Secondly, economic valuation of effect is an important contribution in a cost-benefit perspective. Thirdly, a measure often brings several different effects and some may fall outside the actual purpose. An additional problem is how to handle effects that exert varied influence on different stakeholders or social groups in society. Fourthly, certain criteria are required for final prioritization. For instance, in analysis of goal fulfillment, effects are compared with politically decided quantified goals.In cases where basic data from steps 1-3 are incomplete, alternative criteria like “acceptable risk” might be necessary to agree about politically. To use similar approaches on how to describe and quantify effect correlations, promote gathered efforts at local level where risk reducing measures are decided upon by different actors and with regard to diverse local conditions. Tests of suitable methods and approaches to measure efficiency of planned or accomplished actions in gain for risk prevention, are described and discussed.
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| 11. |
- Jönsson, Morgan, et al.
(författare)
-
"Har man kanelbullens dag så kan man väl ha en dag för individanpassat brandskydd också?" : En kvalitativ kartläggning av individanpassat brandskyddsarbete i Skåne och Värmland
- 2016
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- SammanfattningInledning: Sverige strävar sedan 2010 mot en nollvision där ingen ska omkomma eller skadas allvarligt till följd av brand (MSB, 2009). Detta till trots omkommer varje år drygt 100 människor som ett resultat av just bränder, där framförallt äldre och personer med funktionsnedsättning är särskilt riskutsatta. För att främja arbetet mot nollvisionen publicerade MSB vägledningen Brandsäker bostad för alla, under 2013. Vägledningens tilltänkta syfte är att fungera som en metodhandbok för hur en individanpassad brandskyddsverksamhet kan bedrivas på kommunnivå. I vilken utsträckning som ett sådant arbete bedrivs samt vilket genomslagskraft vägledningen har fått är emellertid oklart. Avsikten med denna studie är därmed att undersöka just detta. Metod: Studien har en kvalitativ ansats där sammanlagt tio semistrukturerade intervjuer har utförts i Skåne och Värmland. Därefter har data analyserats med hjälp av en manifest innehållsanalys.Resultat: Totalt har följande tre kategorier genererats: Den första kategorin, Individanpassat brandskydd är utmanande, konkretiserar problematiken kring individanpassat brandskydd och identifierar riskgrupper och huvudaktörer. Andra kategorin, Kommunerna antar utmaningen, presenterar hur de utvalda kommunerna arbetar med individanpassat brandskydd, och vilka aktörer som är verksamhetsutövare. Avslutningsvis beskriver Saker och ting kan förbättras hur MSBs roll i sammanhanget ser ut samt hur vägledningen har tagits emot på kommunnivå.Slutsats: Sammantaget visar resultatet att de granskade kommunerna arbetar med individanpassat brandskydd, om än i olika utsträckning. Det påtalas även att det uteslutande är vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen samt räddningstjänsten som är verksamhetsutövare på lokal nivå. Detta medför att identifieringsprocessen av riskindivider är begränsad till ovan nämnda förvaltningars verksamheter. Det nuvarande individanpassade brandskyddsarbetet är därmed initierat, men har ännu inte uppnått sin fulla potential. Ett antal övriga aktörer, däribland socialförvaltningen, har identifierats som nödvändiga för att verksamheten ska kunna utvecklas och bli mer effektiv, men de tycks inte inbegripas i den nuvarande arbetsprocessen.
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| 12. |
- Magnusson, Monika, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
-
Digitalisering av krisövning : Erfarenheter från CriseIT-projekten
- 2021
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Genomförandet av övningar är en nyckel till stärkt förmåga att agera effektivt i kris. CriseIT-projekten har haft som mål att bidra till detta genom att skapa möjligheter för kommuner och andra aktörer med krisövningsbehov att öva enklare och oftare.Det finns en önskan om, och en medvetenhet om behoven av, att öva mer än vad som görs i nuläget i många organisationer. Digitala verktyg är ett sätt att göra det möjligt att öva oftare, med lägre resursåtgång och kortare tid för planering och genomförande. Corona-pandemin har ytterligare gjort det tydligt vilka möjligheter digitaliseringen innebär för att effektivisera processer som tidigare varit inramade av tids-och rumsbegränsningar –t.ex. övning.Denna rapport syftar till att på ett lättillgängligt sätt redogöra för och diskutera utmaningar och möjligheter med den digitala övningsprocessen, så som den kommit till uttryck i CriseIT-projekten, genom att beskriva metodiska arbetssätt för design, genomförande och utvärdering av digitala krisövningar samt några perspektiv på implementering av digital övningsmetodik i organisationer. Målgrupp för rapporten är den som arbetar med krisberedskap i offentlig eller privat verksamhet, och som önskar lära sig mer om möjligheten att digitalisera sin övningsprocess. Arbetsrapporten är del av resultatredovisning för CriseIT2.
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| 13. |
- Pallon, Love K. H., et al.
(författare)
-
Condition monitoring of excavated CIPP-liners to ensure lifespan
- 2020
-
Ingår i: 37th International NO-DIG Conference and Exhibition 2019. - : International Society for Trenchless Technology.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Sweden there is a lack of knowledge on the expected service life of installed CIPP-liners and a general aim to request CIPP-liners with a 100-year lifespan. In cooperation with Swedish water utilities a national project has been launched for condition monitoring of used CIPP-liners. A large number of CIPP-liners installed in sewage pipes will be excavated and analyzed in order to evaluate material degradation and estimating remaining service life. The CIPP-liners are all between 5-35 years old. The material performance of the CIPP-liners are either compared with the reference data provided from the installation, or in some case compared to pieces of corresponding CIPP-liners that have been kept in a storage. These pieces becomes especially valuable when looking at possible changes in mechanical properties that may have occurred during the time in use. The materials will be assessed by e.g. bending modulus to investigate material integrity and e.g. FT-IR for chemical stability in the environment of the sewage system. In total the results will give a valuable tool in assessing the expected lifetime of the installed CIPP-liners. The knowledge acquired will help Swedish water utilities to predict service life of installed CIPP-liners and to set sufficient quality demands on new installations for pipe renovation. At an initial stage two excavated CIPP-liners that have been in use for 12 and 16 years have been analyzed and compared with reference data from the time of installation.
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| 14. |
-
Perspektiv på offentlig verksamhet i utveckling : tolv kapitel om demokrati, styrning och effektivitet
- 2011. - 1
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Perspektiv på offentlig verksamhet i utveckling - Tolv kapitel om demokrati, styrning och effektivitet samlar texter från doktorander och forskare knutna till Forskarskolan Offentlig verksamhet i utveckling (FOVU) vid Örebro Universitet. Antologin erbjuder en mångdisciplinär och omfångsrik behandling av en rad viktiga utmaningar för dagens offentlig verksamhet. I boken behandlas ämnen som korruption, jämställdhet, trygghet, medborgardialog, sjukskrivning och högerextremism. Målsättningen med boken är att skapa en bro mellan inomvetenskapliga debatter, offentlig praktik och politik. Här erbjuds kortare texter som på ett överskådligt sätt angriper praktikrelevanta ämnen utan att göra avkall på den vetenskapliga kvaliteten. Vissa texter erbjuder forskningsöversikter och reder ut oklarheter i teoretiska debatter, medan andra presenterar resultat av empirisk forskning.
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| 15. |
- Persson, Erik, 1985-
(författare)
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Flood response using complementary early warning information
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 0966-0879 .- 1468-5973. ; 24:4, s. 253-263
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this comparative case study was to investigate and compare how Swedish municipalities gather and use warning information from official and unofficial sources at the municipal level, as well as the circumstances under which that process has a chance to succeed. The overall conclusions of the study are that official and unofficial warnings have the potential to play complementary roles for municipalities making decisions about flood response, giving the municipalities a wider perspective and better opportunity to assess risk and to act appropriately. The required resources for using official warnings and getting access to unofficial warning sources are not evenly distributed among municipalities, and a lack of systematization of access to warning information hinders the flood response potential.
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| 16. |
- Persson, Erik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Flood Warning in a Swedish Local Risk Management Context
- 2015
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Ingår i: Disaster Prevention and Management. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0965-3562 .- 1758-6100. ; 24:3, s. 383-396
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aims to explore how local early warning systems (EWS) for floods are established at the municipality level in Sweden. The study also aims to analyse the role of EWSs in a risk management context. The overall purpose of this study is to elucidate how and to what extent the adoption of local EWSs can generate value added benefits throughout the wider risk management process.Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with supervisors at each municipality in order to depict how local EWS are established at the municipality level in Sweden. The interviews went through a content analysis with respect to theory on EWS and theory on the risk management process.The possible effects from an EWS is not only reduced flood losses but also potential spinoff. The possibility of spinoff effects from the system, but also the mitigating effectiveness in case of a flood is largely dependent on the well-being of the organization and its risk management processes.This study widens the understanding of the value of an EWS and that the organizational culture and state of risk management system has influence on the availability of such value. Identifying the potential added value from EWSs is important from a more general disaster risk reduction perspective, as it helps to further motivate implementation of proactive risk management measures. This knowledge can be of help to others who investigate the possibilities of investing in EWSs.
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| 17. |
- Persson, Erik, 1985-
(författare)
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Flood Warnings in a Risk Management Context : A Case of Swedish Municipalities
- 2015
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As a result of the United Nations’ International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (1990-2000), and recent high profile disasters, disaster risk reduction has climbed high on the international political agenda. There has been a paradigm shift from reacting to disasters towards preparing for and mitigating effects of disasters. Among the measures that have been highlighted on the disaster risk reduction agenda are early warning systems. In a Swedish context, there are needs for early warnings for various flood risk types. Municipalities carry big responsibilities for managing flood risks, and early warnings have a potential to facilitate decision-making and ultimately reduce flood losses.The aim of this thesis is to describe how a variety of flood warning signals are used in the risk management process of Swedish municipalities, how they can contribute to the flood risk reducing process, and which factors influence the success of this. The thesis is based on two papers.Paper I is based on interviews with three respondents from Swedish municipalities that have invested in and established local early warning systems. The paper shows that the possible effects from a local early warning system are not only reduced flood losses but also potential spinoff, the occurrence of which is dependent on the well-being of the organisation and its risk management processes.Paper II is based on interviews with 23 respondents at 18 Swedish municipalities, who have responsibilities related to flood risk management, and one respondent who works at SMHI with hydrological warning. The paper shows that municipalities can use a variety of complementary flood warning signals to facilitate decision-making for a proactive flood response. This is however not systematically the case, and is dependent on available resources.The theoretical contribution of this thesis is a development of existing conceptual models of early warning systems with respect to risk management and system contexts, and the use of complementary warning signals.
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| 18. |
- Persson, Erik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation through collaborative crisis management and contingency planning : The case of dam failure in Sweden
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Journal of Risk Research. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1366-9877 .- 1466-4461. ; 24:10, s. 1335-1348
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article builds on the field of collaborative crisis management, a mix of collaborative public management (CPM) and crisis management (CM). A field that often focuses on large-scale threats, sometimes labelled societal challenges, whose impacts are broad and cross-cutting and impacts many actors in society and drives demand for collaboration. In this study, we are interested in events that have broad and disastrous impacts on soci- ety, high degrees of uncertainty and potentially cascading effects and we study this through an in-depth case study of collaborative crisis manage- ment tasked with contingency planning for dam failure risk in a large river basin in central Sweden. We find that there was a lack in reach of the col- laboration potentially limiting capacity and capacity building in ways that can limit preparedness and increase vulnerability in a crisis situation. We also found that contingency planning was treated as a demarcated project with a beginning and an end and not entirely as a continuous process. Both these observations go against the basic principles of contingency planning. Hence, there is a need to acknowledge and abridge varying lev- els of organisational capacity and build/maintain awareness within and between the organisations and actors involved. This study shows that the practice of cross-sector collaboration and contingency planning is both complex and complicated. The article has the potential to aid policy-mak- ers in the field to pinpoint central aspects of cross-sector collaboration and contingency planning that needs to be addressed in order to mitigate limits to preparedness and increased vulnerability in a crisis situation. A deeper knowledge on these challenges and problems can also support progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal 9 (especially in relation to the aspect of building resilient infrastructure) through its empir- ical focus on infrastructure failure in terms of dam failure.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Persson, Mikael, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Microwave based diagnostics and treatment in practice
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 2013 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on RF and Wireless Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications, IMWS-BIO 2013 - Proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Globally, around 15 million people each year suffer a stroke. Only a small fraction of stroke patients who could benefit from thrombolytic treatment reach diagnosis and treatment in time. To increase this low figure we have developed microwave technology aiming to differentiate hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke patients. The standard method for breast cancer diagnosis today is X-ray mammography. Despite its recognized ability to detect tumors it suffers from some limitations. Neither the false positive nor the false negative detection rates are negligible. An interesting alternative being researched extensively today is microwave tomography. In our current strive to develop a clinical prototype we have found that the most suitable design consists of an antenna array placed in a full 3D pattern. During the last decade clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of microwave hyperthermia to dramatically enhance cancer patient survival. The fundamental challenge is to adequately heat deep-seated tumors while preventing surrounding healthy tissue from undesired heating and damage. We are specifically addressing the challenge to deliver power levels with spatial control, patient treatment planning, and noninvasive temperature measurements. © 2013 IEEE.
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| 21. |
- Persson, Mikael, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
-
Practical Pose Trajectory Splines With Explicit Regularization
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 2021 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON 3D VISION (3DV 2021). - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781665426886 - 9781665426893 ; , s. 156-165
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate spline-based continuous-time pose trajectory estimation using non-linear explicit motion priors. Current regularization priors either linearize the orientation, rely on the implicit regularization obtained from the used spline basis function, or use sampling based regularization schemes. The latter is a special case of a Riemann sum approximation, and we demonstrate when and why this can fail, and propose a way to avoid these issues. In addition we provide a number of novel practically useful theoretical contributions, including requirements on knot spacing for orientation splines, new basis functions for constant velocity extrapolation, and a generalization of the popular P-Spline penalty to orientation. We analyze the properties of the proposed approach using synthetic data. We validate our system using the standard task of visual-inertial calibration, and apply it to stereo visual odometry where we demonstrate real-time performance on KITTI.
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| 22. |
- Persson, Mikael, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Pre-hospital care for stroke and trauma
- 2015
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Ingår i: Conference Proceedings, 2014 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Workshop Series on: RF and Wireless Technologies for Biomedical and Healthcare Applications, IMWS-Bio 2014, London, United Kingdom, 8-10 December 2014. - 9781479954476
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pre-hospital care for stroke and trauma remains one of the global challenges., Each year around 15 million people each year suffer a stroke. Only a small fraction of stroke patients who could benefit from thrombolytic treatment reach diagnosis and treatment in time. To increase this low figure we have developed microwave technology aiming to differentiate hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke patients in a pre-hospital setting.
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| 23. |
- Persson, Mikael, 1985-
(författare)
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Visual Odometryin Principle and Practice
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Vision is the primary means by which we know where we are, what is nearby, and how we are moving. The corresponding computer-vision task is the simultaneous mapping of the surroundings and the localization of the camera. This goes by many names of which this thesis uses Visual Odometry. This name implies the images are sequential and emphasizes the accuracy of the pose and the real time requirements. This field has seen substantial improvements over the past decade and visual odometry is used extensively in robotics for localization, navigation and obstacle detection. The main purpose of this thesis is the study and advancement of visual odometry systems, and makes several contributions. The first of which is a high performance stereo visual odometry system, which through geometrically supported tracking achieved top rank on the KITTI odometry benchmark. The second is the state-of-the-art perspective three point solver. Such solvers find the pose of a camera given the projections of three known 3d points and are a core part of many visual odometry systems. By reformulating the underlying problem we avoided a problematic quartic polynomial. As a result we achieved substantially higher computational performance and numerical accuracy. The third is a system which generalizes stereo visual odometry to the simultaneous estimation of multiple independently moving objects. The main contribution is a real time system which allows the identification of generic moving rigid objects and the prediction of their trajectories in real time, with applications to robotic navigation in in dynamic environments. The fourth is an improved spline type continuous pose trajectory estimation framework, which simplifies the integration of general dynamic models. The framework is used to show that visual odometry systems based on continuous pose trajectories are both practical and can operate in real time. The visual odometry pipeline is considered from both a theoretical and a practical perspective. The systems described have been tested both on benchmarks and real vehicles. This thesis places the published work into context, highlighting key insights and practical observations.
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| 24. |
- Persson Pavlovic, Erik, 1985-, et al.
(författare)
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Att forma vägen till en klimatanpassad framtid : en studie om SMHI:s workshopverktyg ”Framtidsbilder”
- 2024
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- SMHI har tagit fram ett workshopverktyg för att hjälpa aktörer som arbetar med klimatanpassning att på ett visionärt och kreativt sätt tänka fritt om hur ett framtida klimatanpassat samhälle kan se ut. Centrum för forskning om samhällsrisker (CSR) vid Karlstads universitet fick under 2023 i uppdrag att göra en fördjupad studie av deltagares upplevelse av workshopen och syn på nyttan av den i ett längre tidsperspektiv. Studien har samlat in data från personer som genomfört workshopen under första halvan av 2023 i regi av SMHI, och från personer som genomfört workshopen under andra halvan av 2023 i regi avforskare på CSR. Datainsamling har för Delstudie 1 skett genom enkäter,intervjuer och observationer under genomförd workshop, och för Delstudie 2 skett genom enkäter och intervjuer ett drygt halvår efter genomförd workshop. I studien diskuteras hur workshopen, med sitt fokus på lösningar, positiva budskap och narrativ, är ett lämpligt verktyg för att på ett förutsättningslöst sätt komma framåt i den visionära delen av klimatanpassningsprocessen. Studien visar på betydelsen av att workshopen genomförs i en etablerad klimatanpassningsprocess, där den får spela en roll i ett större sammanhang och kan förankras på ett konstruktivt sätt, och därigenom öka möjligheten att runda barriärer som finns för klimatanpassning. Workshopen skulle kunna fungera som ett fundament i en mer omfattande backcastingprocess (metod där en önskvärd framtid definieras och steg tas bakåt till nutiden för att identifiera policy och åtgärder som kan möjliggöra den önskvärda framtiden) och har potential att skapa större framtidsmedvetenhet hos de som genomför den.
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| 25. |
- Persson Pavlović, Erik, 1985-
(författare)
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The weakest link : Governing the risk of floods and dam failure in Sweden
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The effects of climate change are already being felt today, and future effects, which will be determined by the readiness and resolve of today’s world leaders, are fraught with high levels of complexity, uncertainty, ambiguity, and transboundary effects – characteristics of systemic risk. Since climate change is seen as a threat multiplier, the risks that might be impacted by climate change, such as floods and dam failure, will be affected by systemic risk characteristics as well. Recent literature on risk governance calls for a more inclusive approach to address the challenges of systemic risks. Sweden has adopted the Sendai Framework, which aims to reduce disaster risk and strengthen societal resilience through a more people-centered approach. Sweden can be expected to have the resources and institutional structures needed to be able to implement the framework at a high level. However, evaluations of recent crises have shown a discrepancy between what can be expected and actual performance. This thesis aims to increase the understanding of contextual barriers to and drivers of inclusive risk governance, with a focus on responsibilities, (mandated) collaboration, and stakeholder participation, as an approach to increase societal resilience against disaster and systemic risk. The aim is reached by studying flood-related systemic risks and their governance. Three distinct, qualitative case studies focusing on different aspects of the Swedish disaster risk reduction and risk governance systems in relation to the risk of floods and dam failure are the empirical foundation for the four papers that are appended in the thesis. The thesis concludes that there is a need for a change in how resilience is framed, as part of a paradigm shift to a discourse that views resilience as a measure of adaptive capacity, and a change in how systemic risks should be understood and governed, as part of a paradigm shift to an inclusive risk governance framework.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Yankovich, Andrew, 1983, et al.
(författare)
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Multidimensional Hybridization of Dark Surface Plasmons
- 2017
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Ingår i: ACS Nano. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1936-086X .- 1936-0851. ; 11:4, s. 4265-4274
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Synthetic three-dimensional (3D) nanoarchitectures are providing more control over light matter interactions and rapidly progressing photonic-based technology. These applications often utilize the strong synergy between electromagnetic fields and surface plasmons (SPs) in metallic. nanostructures. However, many of the SP interactions hosted by complex 3D nanostructures are poorly understood because they involve dark hybridized states that are typically undetectable with far-field optical spectroscopy. Here, we use experimental and theoretical electron energy loss spectroscopy to elucidate dark SPs and their interactions in layered metal-insulator-metal disc nanostructures. We go beyond the established dipole SP hybridization analysis by, measuring breathing and multipolar SP hybridization. In addition, we reveal multidimensional SP hybridization that simultaneously utilizes in-plane and out-of-plane SP coupling. Near-field classic electrodynamics calculations provide excellent agreement with all experiments. These results advance the fundamental understanding of SP hybridization in 3D nanostructures and provide avenues to further tune the interaction between electromagnetic fields and matter.
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| 28. |
- Yimer, Markos Fisseha, 1984-
(författare)
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Some New Contributions in the Theory of Hardy Type Inequalities
- 2023
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis we derive various generalizations and refinements of some classical inequalities in different function spaces. We consider some of the most important inequalities namely the Hardy, Pólya-Knopp, Jensen, Minkowski and Beckenbach-Dresher inequalities. The main focus is put on the Hardy and their limit Pólya-Knopp inequalities. Indeed, we derive such inequalities even in a general Banach functionsetting.The thesis consists of three papers (A, B and C) and an introduction, which put these papers into a more general frame. This introduction has also independent interest since it shortly describe the dramatic more than 100 years of development of Hardy-type inequalities. It contains both well-known and very new ideas and results.In paper A we prove and discuss some new Hardy-type inequalities in Banach function space settings. In particular, such a result is proved and applied for a new general Hardy operator, which is introduced in this paper (this operator generalizes the usualHardy kernel operator). These results generalize and unify several classical Hardy-type inequalities.In paper B we prove some new refined Hardy-type inequalities again in Banach function space settings. The used (super quadraticity) technique is also illustrated by making refinements of some generalized forms of the Jensen, Minkowski and Beckenbach-Dresher inequalities. These results both generalize and unify several results of this type.In paper C for the case 0
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