| 1. |
- Engström, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Pulmonary function and atherosclerosis in the general population : causal associations and clinical implications
- 2024
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Nature. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 39:1, s. 35-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reduced lung function is associated with cardiovascular mortality, but the relationships with atherosclerosis are unclear. The population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary BioImage study measured lung function, emphysema, coronary CT angiography, coronary calcium, carotid plaques and ankle-brachial index in 29,593 men and women aged 50–64 years. The results were confirmed using 2-sample Mendelian randomization. Lower lung function and emphysema were associated with more atherosclerosis, but these relationships were attenuated after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. Lung function was not associated with coronary atherosclerosis in 14,524 never-smokers. No potentially causal effect of lung function on atherosclerosis, or vice versa, was found in the 2-sample Mendelian randomization analysis. Here we show that reduced lung function and atherosclerosis are correlated in the population, but probably not causally related. Assessing lung function in addition to conventional cardiovascular risk factors to gauge risk of subclinical atherosclerosis is probably not meaningful, but low lung function found by chance should alert for atherosclerosis.
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| 2. |
- Aili, Carola, 1963-, et al.
(författare)
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Mentorskap : att organisera skolans möte med nya lärare
- 2003
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Författarna tar i denna bok ställning för lärarkårens möjligheter att vara expert på det egna arbetsområdet. De menar att ett mentorsystem inte bara är ett stöd för nyanställda utan också kan bidra till enskilda skolors utveckling. Bra mentorsystem kan bidra till att nyanställda anpassar sig till goda traditioner och arbetssätt men också till att lärarkollegiet anpassar sig till ny bra kunskap som nyanställda har med sig. Författarna utgår från att såväl anpassning och stabilitet som utveckling och förändring behövs i skolan. Boken tar avstamp i frågor som rör lärarkårens professionalisering. Att bygga upp ett mer genomgripande system för mottagande av nyanställda innebär att många av skolans anställda blir delaktiga i principiella diskussioner kring lärararbete och skolorganisation. Detta kan bidra till kunskapsutvecklingen inom hela kåren och en färdighet i att behandla kvalitets- och utvecklingsfrågor. Stort utrymme ges åt att beskriva lärararbetets karaktär och den nyanställdes situation. Författarna har själva arbetat med mentorsutbildning och mentorsystem och försökt göra detta med teoretisk medvetenhet. Utifrån dessa erfarenheter ges läsaren verktyg från interaktionistisk socialpsykologi och handlingsteori för att kunna handskas med lärararbete och mentorsystem. Rent praktiska frågor behandlas också i boken, t.ex. kommunikation i handledningssituationen, grupprocesser när nya medarbetare tillkommer, mentorsutbildning, mentorsbank, mentorshandledning och upplägg av introduktionsprogram. Boken är avsedd för lärare med uppdrag att vara mentorer, för nyanställda lärare samt för utvecklingsansvariga som arbetar med att bygga upp mentorsystem eller bedriver annat utvecklingsarbete. Boken är också tänkt att användas som kurslitteratur i utbildningar av mentorer.
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| 3. |
- Aili, Carola, et al.
(författare)
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Mentorskap : att organisera skolans möte med nya lärare
- 2003
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Författarna tar i denna bok ställning för lärarkårens möjligheter att vara expert på det egna arbetsområdet. De menar att ett mentorsystem inte bara är ett stöd för nyanställda utan också kan bidra till enskilda skolors utveckling. Bra mentorsystem kan bidra till att nyanställda anpassar sig till goda traditioner och arbetssätt men också till att lärarkollegiet anpassar sig till ny bra kunskap som nyanställda har med sig. Författarna utgår från att såväl anpassning och stabilitet som utveckling och förändring behövs i skolan. Boken tar avstamp i frågor som rör lärarkårens professionalisering. Att bygga upp ett mer genomgripande system för mottagande av nyanställda innebär att många av skolans anställda blir delaktiga i principiella diskussioner kring lärararbete och skolorganisation. Detta kan bidra till kunskapsutvecklingen inom hela kåren och en färdighet i att behandla kvalitets- och utvecklingsfrågor. Stort utrymme ges åt att beskriva lärararbetets karaktär och den nyanställdes situation. Författarna har själva arbetat med mentorsutbildning och mentorsystem och försökt göra detta med teoretisk medvetenhet. Utifrån dessa erfarenheter ges läsaren verktyg från interaktionistisk socialpsykologi och handlingsteori för att kunna handskas med lärararbete och mentorsystem. Rent praktiska frågor behandlas också i boken, t.ex. kommunikation i handledningssituationen, grupprocesser när nya medarbetare tillkommer, mentorsutbildning, mentorsbank, mentorshandledning och upplägg av introduktionsprogram. Boken är avsedd för lärare med uppdrag att vara mentorer, för nyanställda lärare samt för utvecklingsansvariga som arbetar med att bygga upp mentorsystem eller bedriver annat utvecklingsarbete. Boken är också tänkt att användas som kurslitteratur i utbildningar av mentorer.
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| 4. |
- Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 5. |
- Bergström, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
- 2021
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Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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| 6. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2019 : Resursöversikt
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fisken i havet är en resurs som rör sig fritt över nationella gränser. EU har därför en gemensam fiskeripolitik (GFP). Många arter som är viktiga för Sverige regleras inte i GFP och förvaltas därför nationellt.Denna rapport syftar till att:beskriva utvecklingen av fiskeripolitikenförklara den nuvarande politikens mål och regelverk och dess relation till mål och regler på miljöområdetförklara politikens nationella genomförande och det nationella handlingsutrymmetexemplifiera hur Havs- och vattenmyndigheten arbetat med att reglera fisket.
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| 7. |
- Carlsson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Competition Between Monovalent and Divalent Counterions in a Surfactant / Water System
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0021-9797 .- 1095-7103. ; 180:2, s. 598-604
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Competition between mono- and divalent ions in the association of counterions to the headgroups of amphiphiles was studied in one surfactant system with organic counterions (piperidine+/piperazine2+octanesulfonate) and one with inorganic counterions (Na+/Ca2+octyl sulfate). By conductivity and13C NMR chemical shift measurements the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was found to decrease drastically when small amounts of divalent counterions were present in the system. Self-diffusion coefficients of surfactant ions and organic counterions were measured in the micellar phase by the Fourier transform pulsed-gradient spin-echo (FT-PGSE) NMR method. The degree of counterion binding in the micellar system with piperidine+/piperazine2+counterions was obtained from FT-PGSE NMR measurements. It was observed that the divalent counterions were more strongly bound than the monovalent counterions. The experimental results were compared with theoretical Poisson–Boltzmann calculations. The cell model was used to study the electrostatic effects. Good agreement between electrostatic theory and experiment was observed; however, an attractive force exists between the monovalent piperidine counterions and the micelle, probably because of hydrophobic interactions.
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| 8. |
- Matan, Dmitri, et al.
(författare)
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Extracellular vesicles in heart failure : A study in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction or heart failure with reduced ejection fraction characteristics undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting
- 2022
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2297-055X. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimsExtracellular vesicles (EVs) were investigated as potential biomarkers associated with heart failure (HF) pathophysiology in patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass surgery characterized by HF phenotype. Materials and methodsPatients with preoperative proxy-diagnoses of HF types i.e., preserved (HFpEF; n = 19) or reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF; n = 20) were studied and compared to patients with normal left ventricular function (n = 42). EVs in plasma samples collected from the coronary sinus, an arterial line, and from the right atrium were analyzed by flow cytometry. We studied EVs of presumed cardiomyocyte origin [EVs exposing Connexin-43 + Caveolin-3 (Con43 + Cav3) and Connexin-43 + Troponin T (Con43 + TnT)], of endothelial origin [EVs exposing VE-Cadherin (VE-Cad)] and EVs exposing inflammatory markers [myeloperoxidase (MPO) or pentraxin3 (PTX3)]. ResultsMedian concentrations of EVs exposing Con43 + TnT and Con43 + Cav3 were approximately five to six times higher in coronary sinus compared to radial artery indicative of cardiac release. Patients with HFrEF had high trans-coronary gradients of both Con43 + TnT and Con43 + Cav3 EVs, whereas HFpEF had elevated gradients of Con43 + Cav3 EVs but lower gradients of Con43 + TnT. Coronary sinus concentrations of both Con43 + TnT and Con43 + Cav3 correlated significantly with echocardiographic and laboratory measures of HF. MPO-EV concentrations were around two times higher in the right atrium compared to the coronary sinus, and slightly higher in HFpEF than in HFrEF. EV concentrations of endothelial origin (VE-Cad) were similar in all three patient groups. ConclusionCon43 + TnT and Con43 + Cav3 EVs are released over the heart indicating cardiomyocyte origin. In HFrEF the EV release profile is indicative of myocardial injury and myocardial stress with elevated trans-coronary gradients of both Con43 + TnT and Con43 + Cav3 EVs, whereas in HFpEF the profile indicates myocardial stress with less myocardial injury.
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| 9. |
- Persson, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Stiffness and strength of cranioplastic implant systems in comparison to cranial bone
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1010-5182 .- 1878-4119. ; 46:3, s. 418-423
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate skull replacement options after decompressive craniectomy by systematically investigating which combination of geometrical properties and material selection would result in a mechanical response comparable in stiffness to that of native skull bone and a strength as high or higher than the same. Materials and methods: The study was conducted using a Finite Element Model of the top part of a human skull. Native skull bone, autografts and commercial implants made of PEEK, solid titanium, two titanium meshes and a titanium-ceramic composite were modeled under a set load to evaluate deformation and maximum stress. Results: The computational result showed a large variation of the strength and effective stiffness of the autografts and implants. The stiffness of native bone varied by a factor of 20 and the strength by a factor of eight. The implants span the entire span of the native skull, both in stiffness and strength. Conclusion: All the investigated implant materials had a potential for having the same effective stiffness as the native skull bone. All the materials also had the potential to be as strong as the native bone. To match inherent properties, the best choice of material and thickness is thus patient specific, depending on the quality of the patient's native bone.
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| 10. |
- Persson, Ninni, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of DARPP-32 Genetic Variation on Prefrontal Cortex Volume and Episodic Memory Performance
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Neuroscience. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1662-4548 .- 1662-453X. ; 11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite evidence of a fundamental role of DARPP-32 in integrating dopamine and glutamate signaling, studies examining gene coding for DARPP-32 in relation to neural and behavioral cor-relates in humans are scarce. Post mortem findings evidence genotype specific expressions of DARPP-32 in the dorsal frontal lobes. We therefore investigated the effects of genomic variation in DARPP-32 coding on frontal lobe volumes and episodic memory. Volumetric data from the dorsolateral (DLPFC), and visual cortices (VC) were obtained from 61 younger and older adults (♀54%). The major homozygote G, T or A genotypes in single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs: rs879606; rs907094; rs3764352), at the DARPP-32 regulating PPP1R1B gene influenced frontal gray matter volume and episodic memory (EM). Homozygous carriers of allelic variants with lower DARPP-32 expression had overall larger prefrontal volumes, in addition to greater EM recall accuracy. The SNPs did not influence VC volume. The genetic effects on DLPFC were greater in younger adults, and selective to this group for EM. Our findings suggest that genomic variation maps on to individual differences in frontal brain volumes, and cognitive functions. Larger DLPFC volumes were also related to better EM performance, suggesting that gene-related differences in frontal gray matter may contribute to individual differences in EM. These results need further replication from experimental and longitudinal reports to determine directions of causality.
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| 11. |
- Persson, Ninni, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of the gene coding for DARPP-32 (PPP1R1B) on the prefrontal cortex and declarative memory
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Both glutamate and dopamine can influence the prefrontal cortex and formation of memories through long-term potentiation (1). The frontal cortex itself is rich in glutamatergic and dopaminergic cells (2) and has been identified as an important site for the mediation of the behavioral effects of glutamatergic and dopaminergic agents (3–5). The PPP1R1B gene influences DARPP-32 availability in the frontal lobes. A allelic carriers (rs879606), have higher enzyme activity of DARPP-32, than G carriers (6). DARPP-32 integrates dopaminergic and glutaminergic transmission (7), and DARPP-32 concentrations can further influence cortical gray matter integrity (8). The individuals' age may enhance, or attenuate the influence of genetic variation on the brain and cognitive functions, due to additional impact from neuronal processes, relating to brain maturation in younger age and brain reduction in older age. We therefore wanted to investigate the effects of the gene coding for DARPP-32 (rs879606, in PPP1R1B) on frontal cortical volumes and declarative memory (episodic recall and semantic memory).Methods: Data was used from 61 younger and older adults (°‚ 54%), from the following regions of interest (ROIs): orbito-frontal cortex (OFC), inferior prefrontal cortex (iPFC), medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), the superior prefrontal cortex (sPFC), and the visual cortex (VC) (the calcarine fissure; cuneus), applying Freesurfer image analysis suite. Gray matter volumes were derived from gradient echo T1-weighted images acquired by a 3-Tesla scanner (Siemens Magnetom Tim Trio), using a 32-channel head coil. A series of structural equation models with latent variables were performed to assess: (1) simple genetic effects on regional brain volumes and memory. (2) We further investigated if the individuals' age could magnify the genetic effects on brain volumes and memory performance. (3) Last, we assessed if size of regional brain volumes could mediate the relationship between the rs879606 polymorphism and declarative memory.Results: We found that the major allelic variant (G) in the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP): rs879606 in the PPP1R1B gene influenced both frontal gray matter volume and episodic memory (EM). Homozygous carriers of the low activity G allele had larger frontal volumes and more accurate recall of episodic information. The effect sizes were moderate for mPFC (19.1% explained variance), and OFC (14.9%) and smaller for iPFC (9.4%), and EM (5%) (moderate: >10%(9)). The gene-related difference in mPFC was moderated by age, so that younger GG carriers had larger volumes in this region, than A carriers. Regional brain volumes in the mPFC, OFC, and iPFC mediated the relationship between rs879606 and EM. No effects were present for semantic memory, the superior part of the PFC and the VC.Conclusions: The present study replicates previous associations between cognitive performance and rs879606 (10), and shed light on the potential influence of rs879606 on structural integrity of the frontal lobes. The influence of younger age on the relationship between rs879606 and the mPFC region may reflect gene-related variation in post adolescence brain maturation. The medial part of the frontal lobes is subject to dynamic changes through young adulthood (11) and DARPP-32 can influence dendritogenesis, through glutamatergic pathways (12). The mediated effect of the frontal lobes on EM recall may reflect a pathway by which genomic differences lead to variations at cellular levels of the frontal lobes that result in change in cognition. The findings reported herein need further replication from experimental reports including direct measures of glutamate and dopamine integration to determine the specific directions of causality.
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| 12. |
- Persson, Ninni, et al.
(författare)
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Neural structural correlates of personality : What has aging got to do with it?
- 2015
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Personality traits such as neuroticism and extraversion affect how we perceive and interact with the outer world. Hence, personality is an important component across the life-span. Little is known about the neural basis of personality, and how it is related to adult age-related variations (but see Wright et al., 2007). The current study investigates structural brain correlates of psychological measures of personality in a sample of younger (n= 30, 20-31 years) and older adults (n=30, 65-74 years) with an even gender distribution. Methods: The behavioural measures included neuroticism, extraversion and openness, assessed by a standard questionnaire (NEO-PI). Grey and white matter volumes were derived from gradient echo T1-weighted images from a 3 Tesla scanner. We selected brain regions of interest (ROIs) based on their theoretical and empirical relevance for the studied personality domains (see eg. Carrera et al., 2006, Fischer et al., 1997; Koelsch et al, 2013; Montag et al, 2013). The following ROIs were defined using voxel based morphology and the FreeSurfer software : the basal ganglia (BG) (caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus), the thalamus (TH), amygdala (AM), and subcortical white matter in the insula (INw), the orbitofrontal region (OFw) and the anterior corpus callosum (aCC). We applied a series of structural equation models were each ROI was defined as a latent variable, represented by bi-hemispheric volumes, to predict personality and age related differences therein. Results: Larger volumes in the BG (p=.007) and TH (p = .000) were related to higher degree of neuroticism, but the association for BG was gone once age was accounted for (p =.401). The positive association between TH volumes and neuroticism was only significant in the older group (p = .003). Younger subjects with greater volumes in the aCC scored lower on openness (p = .001), while greater INw volumes predicted higher degree of neuroticism (p = .031). No significant associations were found between extraversion and the ROIs. OFw, or AM were not linked to personality. Conclusions: Our study highlights the role of the TH in relation to personality in older adults. The selective relationships between openness, neuroticism and white matter volumes in the younger participants may in part reflect late brain maturation.
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| 13. |
- Söderberg, Stefan, et al.
(författare)
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MEASURES OF WAIST AND HIP MODIFY SEX-SPECIFIC ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN BODY MASS INDEX AND PREVALENCE OF CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION IN OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of the American College of Cardiology. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC. - 0735-1097 .- 1558-3597. ; 73:9, s. 13-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Obesity is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. However, there is still a debate whether accumulation of fat in certain depots modifies this risk. Using data from the CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS), we investigated if anthropometric measurements of obesity (waist and hip) modifies the risk of coronary artery calcification. Methods: In the first 15,810 participants in SCAPIS (mean age 58 years, 52% women), data on coronary artery calcification score (CACS) and anthropometry were recorded and traditional cardiovascular risk factors were measured. Body mass index (BMI) was categorized as; <25, 25-30, 30-35 and >35 kg/m2 , quartiles of waist and hip circumferences were constructed within each BMI category and compared using the lowest quartile as reference. Results were adjusted for site, age, smoking and diabetes status. Results: Obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2 ) was found in 21.9% of men and in 20.5% of women. In both sexes the odds ratio (OR) for CACS >0 increased with increasing BMI categories: comparing <25 and >35 kg/m2 , OR = 2.1 (95% CI: 1.6-2.7) for men and OR = 1.4 (1.2-1.8) for women. In addition, increasing quartiles of waist significantly increased the prevalence of CACS >0 for men [p = 0.05; OR = 1.2 (1.0-1.4) for highest quartile] and women [p = 0.005; OR = 1.3 (1.1-1.5)] while increasing quartiles of hip significantly decreased the prevalence for men [p = 0.005; OR = 0.8 (0.6-0.9)] and women [p = 0.04; OR = 0.8 (0.7-0.9)]. Data on education level and physical activity did not affect the model. Conclusion: Increased BMI is associated with increased prevalence of coronary artery calcification and the distribution of fat modifies this risk. Our results suggest that gluteofemoral adipose tissue (hip) counteracts the negative effects associated with BMI and abdominal adipose tissue (waist).
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| 14. |
- Ahlberg, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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"Vi klimatforskare stödjer Greta och skolungdomarna"
- 2019
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Ingår i: Dagens nyheter (DN debatt). - 1101-2447.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- DN DEBATT 15/3. Sedan industrialiseringens början har vi använt omkring fyra femtedelar av den mängd fossilt kol som får förbrännas för att vi ska klara Parisavtalet. Vi har bara en femtedel kvar och det är bråttom att kraftigt reducera utsläppen. Det har Greta Thunberg och de strejkande ungdomarna förstått. Därför stödjer vi deras krav, skriver 270 klimatforskare.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer incidence among Swedish pulp and paper mill workers: a cohort study of sulphate and sulphite mills.
- 2013
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 86:5, s. 529-40
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Associations between various malignancies and work in the pulp and paper industry have been reported but mostly in analyses of mortality rather than incidence. We aimed to study cancer incidence by main mill pulping process, department and gender in a Swedish cohort of pulp and paper mill workers.The cohort (18,113 males and 2,292 females, enrolled from 1939 to 1999 with >1year of employment) was followed up for cancer incidence from 1958 to 2001. Information on the workers' department and employment was obtained from the mills' personnel files, and standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) were calculated using the Swedish population as reference.Overall cancer incidence, in total 2,488 cases, was not increased by work in any department. However, risks of pleural mesothelioma were increased among males employed in sulphate pulping (SIR, 8.38; 95% CI, 3.37-17) and maintenance (SIR, 6.35; 95% CI, 3.47-11), with no corresponding increase of lung cancer. Testicular cancer risks were increased among males employed in sulphate pulping (SIR, 4.14; 95% CI, 1.99-7.61) and sulphite pulping (SIR, 2.59; 95% CI, 0.95-5.64). Female paper production workers showed increased risk of skin tumours other than malignant melanoma (SIR, 2.92; 95% CI, 1.18-6.02).Incidence of pleural mesothelioma was increased in the cohort, showing that asbestos exposure still has severe health consequences, and highlighting the exigency of strict asbestos regulations and elimination. Testicular cancer was increased among pulping department workers. Shift work and endocrine disruptors could be of interest in this context.
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| 17. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cancer mortality in a Swedish cohort of pulp and paper mill workers.
- 2010
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Ingår i: International archives of occupational and environmental health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1246 .- 0340-0131. ; 83:2, s. 123-32
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study cancer mortality among Swedish pulp and paper mill workers by main mill pulping process and department, and to present the Swedish part of an international exposure measurements database. METHODS: A cohort of 18,163 male and 2,290 female workers at four sulfate and four sulfite mills, enrolled from 1939 to 1999, was followed up for mortality during 1952-2001. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) relative to the general Swedish population were calculated. RESULTS: There were 1,340 malignant cases out of 5,898 deaths. Total cancer mortality was not increased in either sulfate or sulfite mill workers, or by gender. Lung cancer mortality was increased among female workers (SMR 1.70, 95% CI 1.04-2.63), especially in paper production, but not among male workers (SMR 0.91, 95% CI 0.79-1.04). Exposure to wood dust and sulfur dioxide frequently exceeded occupational exposure limits. CONCLUSIONS: Female paper production workers had an increased mortality from lung cancer.
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| 18. |
- Andersson, Eva, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort mortality study of Swedish pulp and paper mill workers-nonmalignant diseases
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - : Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment and Health. - 0355-3140 .- 1795-990X. ; 33:6, s. 470-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to determine mortality among pulp and paper mill workers according to the main mill pulping process, department, and gender, particular reference being given to diseases of the circulatory and respiratory systems.Methods The cohort of 18 163 men and 2 291 women employed between 1939 and 1999 and with >1 year of employment was followed for mortality from 1952 to 2001 (acute myocardial infarction from 1969). Standardized mortality ratios (SMR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated by comparing the observed number of deaths with the expected number for the entire Swedish population. Exposure was assessed from personnel files in the mills. Data from an exposure measurement database are also presented.Results There were 5898 deaths in the cohort. Total mortality had an SMR of 1.02 (95% CI 0.98–1.06) for the men in the sulfate mills and an SMR of 0.93 (95% CI 0.90–0.97) for the men in the sulfite mills. Mortality from acute myocardial infarction was increased among the men in both the sulfate and sulfite mills [SMR 1.22 (95% CI 1.12–1.32) and SMR 1.11 (95% CI 1.02–1.21), respectively] and by department in sulfate pulping (SMR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07–1.54), paper production (SMR 1.26, 95% CI 1.06–1.49), and maintenance (SMR 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.30). Mortality from cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and nonmalignant respiratory diseases was not increased.Conclusions Death from acute myocardial infarction, but not cerebrovascular diseases, was increased in this cohort and was probably related to a combination of different occupational exposures (eg, dust, sulfur compounds, shift work, and noise).
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| 19. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Inflammatory and coagulatory markers and exposure to different size fractions of particle mass, number and surface area air concentrations in the Swedish hard metal industry, in particular to cobalt
- 2021
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Ingår i: Biomarkers. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1354-750X .- 1366-5804. ; 26:6, s. 557-569
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To study the relationship between inhalation of airborne particles and cobalt in the Swedish hard metal industry and markers of inflammation and coagulation in blood.Methods: Personal sampling of inhalable cobalt and dust were performed for subjects in two Swedish hard metal plants. Stationary measurements were used to study concentrations of inhalable, respirable, and total dust and cobalt, PM10 and PM2.5, the particle surface area and the particle number concentrations. The inflammatory markers CC16, TNF, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, SAA and CRP, and the coagulatory markers FVIII, vWF, fibrinogen, PAI-1 and D-dimer were measured. A complete sampling was performed on the second or third day of a working week following a work-free weekend, and additional sampling was taken on the fourth or fifth day. The mixed model analysis was used, including covariates.Results: The average air concentration of inhalable dust and cobalt were 0.11 mg/m3 and 0.003 mg/m3, respectively. For some mass-based exposure measures of cobalt and total dust, statistically significant increased levels of FVIII, vWF and CC16 were found.Conclusions: The observed relationships between particle exposure and coagulatory biomarkers may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory health and inflammatory markers : Exposure to respirable dust and quartz and chemical binders in Swedish iron foundries
- 2019
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 14:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To study the relationship between respirable dust, quartz and chemical binders in Swedish iron foundries and respiratory symptoms, lung function (as forced expiratory volume FEV1 and vital capacity FVC), fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and levels of club cell secretory protein 16 (CC16) and CRP.METHODS: Personal sampling of respirable dust and quartz was performed for 85 subjects in three Swedish iron foundries. Full shift sampling and examination were performed on the second or third day of a working week after a work free weekend, with additional sampling on the fourth or fifth day. Logistic, linear and mixed model analyses were performed including, gender, age, smoking, infections, sampling day, body mass index (BMI) and chemical binders as covariates.RESULTS: The adjusted average respirable quartz and dust concentrations were 0.038 and 0.66 mg/m3, respectively. Statistically significant increases in levels of CC16 were associated with exposure to chemical binders (p = 0.05; p = 0.01) in the regression analysis of quartz and respirable dust, respectively. Non-significant exposure-responses were identified for cumulative quartz and the symptoms asthma and breathlessness. For cumulative chemical years, non-significant exposure-response were observed for all but two symptoms. FENO also exhibited a non significant exposure-response for both quartz and respirable dust. No exposure-response was determined for FEV1 or FVC, CRP and respirable dust and quartz.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that early markers of pulmonary effect, such as increased levels of CC16 and FENO, are more strongly associated with chemical binder exposure than respirable quartz and dust in foundry environments.
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| 21. |
- Andersson, Lena, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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Respiratory Health and Inflammatory Markers : Exposure to Cobalt in the Swedish Hard Metal Industry
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1076-2752 .- 1536-5948. ; 62:10, s. 820-829
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between inhalable dust and cobalt and respiratory symptoms, lung function, exhaled nitric oxide in expired air and CC16 in the Swedish hard metal industry.METHODS: Personal sampling of inhalable dust and cobalt, medical examination including blood sampling was performed for 72 workers. Exposure-response relationships was determined using logistic, linear and mixed model analysis.RESULTS: The average inhalable dust and cobalt concentrations were 0.079 and 0.0017 mg/m, respectively. Statistically significant increased serum levels of CC16 were determined when the high and low cumulative exposures for cobalt were compared. Non-significant exposure-response relationships was observed between cross-shift inhalable dust or cobalt exposures and asthma, nose dripping and bronchitis.CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest an exposure-response relationship between inhalable cumulative cobalt exposure and CC16 levels in blood, which may reflect an injury or a reparation process in the lungs.
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| 22. |
- Andersson, Per-Åke, et al.
(författare)
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Foreign aid, debt and growth in Zambia
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study first discusses the structural problems of Zambia and the policies of adjustment that have been tried. It then uses a computable general equilibrium model to analyse the impact of various strategies with regard to external resource transfers. It compares the impacts of foreign loans or grants to the private and the public sectors, as well as the impact of a turnaround of the country's fortunes with regard to its external terms of trade. The results of the policy analysis show that the scope for growth is highly dependent on the tightness of the external resource constraint.
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| 23. |
- Andren, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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De stora rovdjurens effekter på annat vilt och tamren
- 2018
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den teoretiska bakgrunden ger en beskrivning av termer och fackuttryck, samt beskrivningar av hur olika faktorer påverkar relationerna mellan rovdjur och bytesdjur. Termen predator är synonymt med rovdjur, medan termen predation står för den process som består av dödande och konsumtion av bytesdjur, och omfattningen av den dödlighet hos bytesdjuren som rovdjuret orsakar. Rovdjurens påverkan på bytespopulationer varierar mellan områden och över tid, samtidigt som rovdjuren själva påverkas av bytespopulationerna. Rovdjur-bytesdjurssystemen är alltså inte bara dynamiska utan också interaktiva, d.v.s. de påverkar varandra. Rovdjurens påverkan på bytespopulationen beror i princip på fem faktorer: (1) bytespopulationens storlek, (2) bytespopulationens produktivitet/tillväxttakt, (3) rovdjurspopulationens storlek, (4) rovdjurspopulationens produktivitet/tillväxttakt samt (5) antalet bytesdjur tagna per rovdjur och tidsenhet (den s.k. funktionella responsen). Predation är ofta en kombination av additiv och kompensatorisk dödlighet. Med additiv dödlighet menar man att predationen läggs ovanpå (adderas till) annan dödlighet, med kompensatorisk dödlighet menar man att predationen ersätter annan typ av dödlighet. Ju större andel av predationen som är additiv desto större blir effekterna på bytesdjuren. Rovdjuren kan påverka sina bytesdjur inte bara genom direkt predation utan även genom att bytesdjuren ändrar sitt beteende i närvaron av rovdjuren. Rovdjuren är en del av ekosystemet, som förenklat består av producenter (växter), primärkonsumenter (växtätare) och sekundärkonsumenter (predatorer). Dessa delar kan också beskrivas som olika trofinivåer i ekosystemet. En mer komplex beskrivning av ett ekosystem är att arter är ordnade i ett nätverk av interaktioner både mellan och inom trofiska nivåer, s.k. näringsvävar. I komplexa näringsvävar ökar antalet interaktioner mellan arter både inom trofinivåer och mellan trofinivåer, vilket försvagar specifika interaktioner mellan enskilda arter. I Sverige saknas stora områden som är helt opåverkade av mänskliga aktiviteter, vilket gör människan till den viktigaste aktören för storskalig påverkan på ekosystem över hela landet. Människan påverkar ekosystemet på många sätt, t.ex. genom markanvändning, jakt, andra ingrepp och förvaltningsåtgärder, och kan helt förändra dynamiken mellan rovdjur och bytesdjur.Även ett kortfaktablad om rovdjurens effekter finns att ladda ned.Hur påverkar de stora rovdjuren bytesdjurens populationer?Grimsö forskningsstation vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU) har för Naturvårdsverkets räkning gjort en översikt av kunskapsläget om hur de stora rovdjuren påverkar de bytesdjur de jagar, det vill säga vilt och tamren. Hela rapporten, De stora rovdjurens effekter på annat vilt och tamren, kan du läsa här, eller på Naturvårdsverkets hemsida.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Ardö, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced Search Space for Rapid Bicycle Detection
- 2013
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - : SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a solution to the application of rapid detection of bicycles in low resolution video. In particular, the application addressed is from video recorded in a live environment. The future aim from the results in this paper is to investigate a full year of video data. Hence, processing speed is of great concern. The proposed solution involves the use of an object detector and a search space reduction method based on prior knowledge regarding the application at hand. The method using prior knowledge utilizes random sample consensus, and additional statistical analysis on detection outputs, in order to define a reduced search space. It is experimentally shown that, in the application addressed, it is possible to reduce the full search space by 62% with the proposed methodology. This approach, which employs a full detector in combination with the design of a simple and fast model that can capture prior knowledge for a specific application, leads to a reduced search space and thereby a significantly improved processing speed.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
- Avelin, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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A note on the hyperconvexity of pseudoconvex domains beyond Lipschitz regularity
- 2015
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Ingår i: Potential Analysis. - : Håkan Persson. - 0926-2601 .- 1572-929X. ; 43:3, s. 531-545
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We show that bounded pseudoconvex domains that are Hölder continuous for all α < 1 are hyperconvex, extending the well-known result by Demailly (Math. Z. 184 1987) beyond Lipschitz regularity.
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| 28. |
- Avelin, Benny, 1984-, et al.
(författare)
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Approximation and Bounded Plurisubharmonic Exhaustion Functions Beyond Lipschitz Domains
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Using techniques from the analysis of PDEs to studythe boundary behaviour of functions on domains with low boundaryregularity, we extend results by Fornaæss-Wiegerinck (1989)on plurisubharmonic approximation and by Demailly (1987) onthe existence on bounded plurisubharmonic exhaustion functionsto domains beyond Lipschitz boundary regularity.
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| 29. |
- Avelin, Benny, et al.
(författare)
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Approximation of plurisubharmonic functions
- 2016
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Ingår i: Complex Variables and Elliptic Equations. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-6933 .- 1747-6941. ; 61:1, s. 23-28
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We extend a result by Fornaaess and Wiegerinck [Ark. Mat. 1989;27:257-272] on plurisubharmonic Mergelyan type approximation to domains with boundaries locally given by graphs of continuous functions.
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
- Backlund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-Bloch functions in several complex variables
- 2013
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Let $M$ be an $n$-dimensional complex manifold. A holomorphic function $f:M\to \mathbb C$ is said to be semi-Bloch if for every $\lambda\in \mathbb C$ the function $g_\lambda=\exp(\lambda f(z))$ is normal on $M$. We characterise Semi-Bloch functions on infinitesimally Kobayashi non-degenerate $M$ in geometric as well as analytic terms. Moreover, we show that on such manifolds, semi-Bloch functions are normal.
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| 34. |
- Backlund, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Semi-Bloch Functions in Several Complex Variables
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geometric Analysis. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1050-6926 .- 1559-002X. ; 26:1, s. 463-473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Let M be an n-dimensional complex manifold. A holomorphic function f : M -> C is said to be semi-Bloch if for every lambda is an element of C the function g(lambda) = exp(lambda f(z)) is normal on M. We characterize semi-Bloch functions on infinitesimally Kobayashi non-degenerate M in geometric as well as analytic terms. Moreover, we show that on such manifolds, semi-Bloch functions are normal.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Bang, Le T., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis and assessment of metallic ion migration through a novel calcium carbonate coating for biomedical implants
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part B - Applied biomaterials. - : Wiley. - 1552-4973 .- 1552-4981. ; 108:2, s. 429-438
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Titanium (Ti) implants are commonly regarded as well accepted by the body. However, metal ion release is still a cause for concern. A small decrease in pH, which can be caused by inflammation, may produce a large increase in the corrosion rate of Ti implants. Coating the alloy with a buffer layer could have a significant protective effect. In this study, a calcium carbonate coating was developed on commercially pure Ti and a Ti-6Al-4V alloy through a hydrothermal treatment of previously NaOH-treated surfaces in calcium-citric acid chelate complexes. The results showed that a superstructured calcite coating layer formed on the Ti substrate after treatment at 170 degrees C for 3 hr. The coating was approx. 1 mu m thick and covered the substrate surface uniformly. When prolonging the hydrothermal treatment from 5 hr to 24 hr, the rhombohedral structure of calcite was observed in addition to the superstructure of calcite. Dissolution test results showed no significant differences in solution pH between the coated- and un-coated samples. However, the CaCO3 coating reduced by approx. 2-5 times the Ti and V ion release from the substrate as compared to the uncoated material, at pH 4. CaCO3 and hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings gave nonsignificant effects at neutral pH although the HA coating showed a trend for better results at the longer time points. The reduction in metal ion release from the substrate and the buffering ability of the CaCO3 coating encourage further studies on this coating for clinical applications.
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| 37. |
- Beral, V, et al.
(författare)
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Alcohol, tobacco and breast cancer - collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 53 epidemiological studies, including 58515 women with breast cancer and 95067 women without the disease
- 2002
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1532-1827 .- 0007-0920. ; 87, s. 1234-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alcohol and tobacco consumption are closely correlated and published results on their association with breast cancer have not always allowed adequately for confounding between these exposures. Over 80% of the relevant information worldwide on alcohol and tobacco consumption and breast cancer were collated, checked and analysed centrally. Analyses included 58515 women with invasive breast cancer and 95067 controls from 53 studies. Relative risks of breast cancer were estimated, after stratifying by study, age, parity and, where appropriate, women's age when their first child was born and consumption of alcohol and tobacco. The average consumption of alcohol reported by controls from developed countries was 6.0 g per day, i.e. about half a unit/drink of alcohol per day, and was greater in ever-smokers than never-smokers, (8.4 g per day and 5.0 g per day, respectively). Compared with women who reported drinking no alcohol, the relative risk of breast cancer was 1.32 (1.19 - 1.45, P < 0.00001) for an intake of 35 - 44 g per day alcohol, and 1.46 (1.33 - 1.61, P < 0.00001) for greater than or equal to 45 g per day alcohol. The relative risk of breast cancer increased by 7.1% (95% CI 5.5-8.7%; P<0.00001) for each additional 10 g per day intake of alcohol, i.e. for each extra unit or drink of alcohol consumed on a daily basis. This increase was the same in ever-smokers and never-smokers (7.1 % per 10 g per day, P < 0.00001, in each group). By contrast, the relationship between smoking and breast cancer was substantially confounded by the effect of alcohol. When analyses were restricted to 22 255 women with breast cancer and 40 832 controls who reported drinking no alcohol, smoking was not associated with breast cancer (compared to never-smokers, relative risk for ever-smokers= 1.03, 95% CI 0.98 - 1.07, and for current smokers=0.99, 0.92 - 1.05). The results for alcohol and for tobacco did not vary substantially across studies, study designs, or according to 15 personal characteristics of the women; nor were the findings materially confounded by any of these factors. If the observed relationship for alcohol is causal, these results suggest that about 4% of the breast cancers in developed countries are attributable to alcohol. In developing countries, where alcohol consumption among controls averaged only 0.4 g per day, alcohol would have a negligible effect on the incidence of breast cancer. In conclusion, smoking has little or no independent effect on the risk of developing breast cancer; the effect of alcohol on breast cancer needs to be interpreted in the context of its beneficial effects, in moderation, on cardiovascular disease and its harmful effects on cirrhosis and cancers of the mouth, larynx, oesophagus and liver. (C) 2002 Cancer Research UK.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Bigsten, Arne, et al.
(författare)
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Debt relief and growth : a study of Tanzania and Zambia
- 2004
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Ingår i: Debt relief for poor countries. - Basingstoke : Palgrave Macmillan. - 1403934827 ; , s. 181-208
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper discusses some issues on how to evaluate the impact of HIPC debt relief in the cases of Tanzania and Zambia using two computable general equilibrium models. Within our relatively simple model framework, we found that the macroeconomic impact of debt relief is modest. One reason for this relatively modest impact is that the annual injection of additional resources relative to current actual debt service is small in both cases, which implies that the impact of debt relief per se would be expected to be modest. However, as illustrated in the case of Tanzania the impact could be considerably higher if additional public investment succeeds to improve private sector productivity.
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| 41. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Debt Relief and Growth: A Study of Zambia and Tanzania
- 2004
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Ingår i: Debt Relief for Poor Countries. - Basingstoke and New York : Palgrave MacMillan in association with UNU-WIDER. - 1403934827 ; Ch II:9, s. 181-205
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Bjermo, Helena, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of n-6 PUFAs compared with SFAs on liver fat, lipoproteins, and inflammation in abdominal obesity : a randomized controlled trial
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9165 .- 1938-3207. ; 95:5, s. 1003-1012
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Replacing SFAs with vegetable PUFAs has cardiometabolic benefits, but the effects on liver fat are unknown. Increased dietary n-6 PUFAs have, however, also been proposed to promote inflammation-a yet unproven theory. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the effects of PUFAs on liver fat, systemic inflammation, and metabolic disorders. DESIGN: We randomly assigned 67 abdominally obese subjects (15% had type 2 diabetes) to a 10-wk isocaloric diet high in vegetable n-6 PUFA (PUFA diet) or SFA mainly from butter (SFA diet), without altering the macronutrient intake. Liver fat was assessed by MRI and magnetic resonance proton (1H) spectroscopy (MRS). Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9, a hepatic LDL-receptor regulator), inflammation, and adipose tissue expression of inflammatory and lipogenic genes were determined. RESULTS: A total of 61 subjects completed the study. Body weight modestly increased but was not different between groups. Liver fat was lower during the PUFA diet than during the SFA diet [between-group difference in relative change from baseline; 16% (MRI; P < 0.001), 34% (MRS; P = 0.02)]. PCSK9 (P = 0.001), TNF receptor-2 (P < 0.01), and IL-1 receptor antagonist (P = 0.02) concentrations were lower during the PUFA diet, whereas insulin (P = 0.06) tended to be higher during the SFA diet. In compliant subjects (defined as change in serum linoleic acid), insulin, total/HDL-cholesterol ratio, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were lower during the PUFA diet than during the SFA diet (P < 0.05). Adipose tissue gene expression was unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with SFA intake, n-6 PUFAs reduce liver fat and modestly improve metabolic status, without weight loss. A high n-6 PUFA intake does not cause any signs of inflammation or oxidative stress. Downregulation of PCSK9 could be a novel mechanism behind the cholesterol-lowering effects of PUFAs.
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| 44. |
- Björkman, Ann-Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitivity of DECT in ACL tears. A prospective study with arthroscopy as reference method
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 11:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: CT is often used for fracture evaluation following knee trauma and to diagnose ACL injuries would also be valuable. Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of dual energy CT (DECT) for detection of ACL tears in acute and subacute knee injuries. Material and Methods: Patients with suspected ACL injury were imaged with DECT and MRI. Clinically blinded DECT images were independently read twice by two radiologists. ACL was classified as normal or abnormal. Arthroscopy served as reference method. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated, and diagnostic performance between DECT and MRI was assessed. Results: 48 patients (26 M, 22 F, mean age 23 years, range 15-37 years) were imaged with a mean of 25 days following trauma. Of these, 21 patients underwent arthroscopy with a mean of 195 days after trauma. Arthroscopy revealed 19 ACL tears and 2 ACLs with no tear. The combined sensitivity was 76.3% (95% CI 66.8-85.9) and 86.8 (95% CI 71.9-95.6) for DECT and MRI, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between these two methods (p = .223). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 93.5 (95% CI 84.3-98.2) and 91.7 (95% CI 77.5-98.3) for DECT and MRI, respectively. Conclusion: DECT has lower sensitivity to detect an ACL rupture than MRI, but the difference is not statistically significant. The PPV is high in both methods.
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| 45. |
- Björkman, Ann-Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Spectral photon-counting CT: Image quality evaluation using a metal-containing bovine bone specimen
- 2023
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Ingår i: European Journal of Radiology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0720-048X .- 1872-7727. ; 168
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: To find the optimal imaging parameters for a photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) and to compare it to an energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) in terms of image quality and metal artefact severity using a metal-containing bovine knee specimen. Methods: A bovine knee with a stainless-steel plate and screws was imaged in a whole-body research PCD-CT at 120 kV and 140 kV and in an EID dual-source CT (DSCT) at Sn150 kV and 80/Sn150 kV. PCD-CT virtual monoenergetic 72 and 150 keV images and EID-CT images processed with and without metal artefact reduction algorithms (iMAR) were compared. Four radiologists rated the visualisation of bony structures and metal artefact severity. The Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferronis correction were used. P-values of <= 0.0001 were considered statistically significant. Distributions of HU values of regions of interest (ROIs) in artefact-affected areas were analysed.Results: PCD-CT 140 kV 150 keV images received the highest scores and were significantly better than EID-CT Sn150 kV images. PCD-CT 72 keV images were rated significantly lower than all the others. HU-value variation was larger in the 120 kV and the 72 keV images. The ROI analysis revealed no large difference between scanners regarding artefact severity.Conclusion: PCD-CT 140 kV 150 keV images of a metal-containing bovine knee specimen provided the best image quality. They were superior to, or as good as, the best EID-CT images; even without the presumed advantage of tin filter and metal artefact reduction algorithms. PCD-CT is a promising method for reducing metal artefacts.
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| 46. |
- Björnsson, Lars-Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Laddinfrastruktur och frekvensreglering : en fallstudie
- 2023
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För att elnätet ska fungera måste frekvensen hållas inom snäva gränser och därför handlar Svenska Kraftnät upp olika typer av stödtjänster för frekvensreglering. De senaste åren har kostnaderna för dessa tjänster ökat kraftigt, bland annat till följd av en allt högre andel intermittent elproduktion. Behoven är prognostiserade att öka ytterligare under de kommande åren. Detta har skapat ett ökat intresse för batterier och deras möjligheter att stödja elnätet. Men batterier och tillhörande kraftelektronik är kostsamt. Samtidigt finns en stor och alltjämt växande batterikapacitet i landets elbilar och med hjälp av dubbelriktad laddning, så kallad vehicle-to-grid öppnas nya möjligheter att komma åt denna potential för att på ett mer resurseffektivt sätt balansera elnätet. Projektets övergripande mål har varit att utreda hur standardisering kan användas för att påskynda och öka användandet av elbilar som resurs för flexibilitetstjänster till elnätet. Bland annat har en fallstudie genomförts av Axess Logistics anläggning i Malmö hamn och möjligheterna för att deras långtidsparkerade elbilar ska kunna leverera frekvensreglering till elnätet har studerats. Resultaten visar på att studerade standarder i stort inte utgör ett direkt hinder för användandet av elbilar för frekvensreglering men att förändringar av exempelvis ISO15118 skulle kunna öka möjligheterna att använda elbilar för att leverera frekvensreglering. Till exempel genom införande av krav på mätnoggrannhet på aktiv effekt, förkortning av tillåtna svarstider, krav på lokal frekvensmätning med god noggrannhet. För långtidsparkerade bilar vore det framförallt värdefullt att arbeta fram, och i standard beskriva, en funktion där elbilens BMS kan uppmanas av EVSE att hålla batteriet i ett tillstånd där det kan användas för att snabbt svara på en begäran om i-/urladdning. Detta så att elbilen kan vara förberedd för frekvensreglering även om den för stunden inte aktivt laddar eller matar effekt till elnätet. Detta en åtgärd som skulle kunna ha stor positiv påverkan på möjligheterna för långtidsparkerade elbilar att leverera frekvensreglering. Exemplifierande användarcykler för långtidsparkerade bilar har studerats för FCR-N och FCR-D. Resultaten visar att den förväntade cyklingen skiljer stort mellan dessa olika frekvensregleringstjänster och antyder att valet av frekvensregleringstjänst behöver studeras utifrån både förväntad ekonomi och eventuellt batterislitage. Överslagsräkningar på eventuella intäkter från deltagande i frekvensreglering har genomförts och de preliminära resultaten visar att investering av dyrare laddinfrastruktur som klarar Vehicle-to-Grid skulle kunna återbetalas inom ett år med 2022 års nivåer av ersättning för frekvensreglering. I en framtid där nya elbilar antas ha stöd för Vehicle-to-Grid har potentialen för att använda långtidsparkerade elbilar på logistikanläggningar till frekvensreglering preliminärt bedömts ligga mellan 110 och 165 MW för svenska förhållanden. Detta motsvarar ca 5-8% av den nordiska FCR-marknaden. På sikt kan också långtidsparkerade bilar hos återförsäljare, flygplatser med mera att utgöra en betydande potential.
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| 47. |
- Bojan, Alicja J., 1980, et al.
(författare)
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A new bone adhesive candidate- does it work in human bone? An ex-vivo preclinical evaluation in fresh human osteoporotic femoral head bone
- 2022
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Ingår i: Injury-International Journal of the Care of the Injured. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-1383 .- 1879-0267. ; 53:6, s. 1858-1866
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: The fixation of small intraarticular bone fragments is clinically challenging and an obvious first orthopaedic indication for an effective bone adhesive. In the present study the feasibility of bonding freshly harvested human trabecular bone with OsStic(R), a novel phosphoserine modified cement, was evaluated using a bone cylinder model pull-out test and compared with a commercial fibrin tissue adhesive. Methods: Femoral heads (n=13) were collected from hip fracture patients undergoing arthroplasty and stored refrigerated overnight in saline medium prior to testing. Cylindrical bone cores with a pre-inserted bone screw, were prepared using a coring tool. Each core was removed and glued back in place with either the bone adhesive (alpha-tricalcium phosphate, phosphoserine and 20% trisodium citrate solution) or the fibrin glue. All glued bones were stored in bone medium at 37 degrees C. Tensile loading, using a universal testing machine (5 kN load cell), was applied to each core/head. For the bone adhesive, bone cores were tested at 2 (n=13) and 24 (n=11) hours. For the fibrin tissue adhesive control group (n=9), bone cores were tested exclusively at 2 hours. The femoral bone quality was evaluated with micro-CT. Results: The ultimate pull-out load for the bone adhesive at 2 hours ranged from 36 to 171 N (mean 94 N, SD 42 N). At 24 hours the pull-out strength was similar, 47 to 198 N (mean 123 N, SD 43 N). The adhesive failure usually occurred through the adhesive layer, however in two samples, at 167 N and 198 N the screw pulled out of the bone core. The fibrin tissue adhesive group reached a peak force of 8 N maximally at 2 hours (range 2.8-8 N, mean 5.4 N, SD 1.6 N). The mean BV/TV for femoral heads was 0.15 and indicates poor bone quality. Conclusion: The bone adhesive successfully glued wet and fatty tissue of osteoporotic human bone cores. The mean ultimate pull-out force of 123 N at 24 hours corresponds to similar to 300 kPa shear stress acting on the bone core. These first ex-vivo results in human bone are a promising step toward potential clinical application in osteochondral fragment fixation. (C) 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 48. |
- Bruton, Joseph D., et al.
(författare)
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Ryanodine receptors of pancreatic beta-cells mediate a distinct context-dependent signal for insulin secretion
- 2003
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : Wiley. - 0892-6638 .- 1530-6860. ; 17:2, s. 301-303
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ryanodine (RY) receptors in beta-cells amplify signals by Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release (CICR). The role of CICR in insulin secretion remains unclear in spite of the fact that caffeine is known to stimulate secretion. This effect of caffeine is attributed solely to the inhibition of cAMP-phosphodiesterases (cAMP-PDEs). We demonstrate that stimulation of insulin secretion by caffeine is due to a sensitization of the RY receptors. The dose-response relationship of caffeine-induced inhibition of cAMP-PDEs was not correlated with the stimulation of insulin secretion. Sensitization of the RY receptors stimulated insulin secretion in a context-dependent manner, that is, only in the presence of a high concentration of glucose. This effect of caffeine depended on an increase in [Ca2+]i. Confocal images of beta-cells demonstrated an increase in [Ca2+]i induced by caffeine but not by forskolin. 9-Methyl-7-bromoeudistomin D (MBED), which sensitizes RY receptors, did not inhibit cAMP-PDEs, but it stimulated secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. The stimulation of secretion by caffeine and MBED involved both the first and the second phases of secretion. We conclude that the RY receptors of beta-cells mediate a distinct glucose-dependent signal for insulin secretion and may be a target for developing drugs that will stimulate insulin secretion only in a glucose-dependent manner.
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| 49. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2020 : Resursöversikt
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES). Totalt redovisas underlag och råd för 48 fisk- och skaldjursarter.De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 50. |
- Carlsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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The evolving domain of entrepreneurship research
- 2013
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Ingår i: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 41:4, s. 913-930
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research on entrepreneurship has flourished in recent years and is evolving rapidly. This article explores the history of entrepreneurship research, how the research domain has evolved, and its current status as an academic field. The need to concretize these issues stems partly from a general interest in defining the current research domain and partly from the more specific tasks confronting the prize committee of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research. Entrepreneurship has developed in many sub-fields within several disciplines-primarily economics, management/business administration, sociology, psychology, economic and cultural anthropology, business history, strategy, marketing, finance, and geography-representing a variety of research traditions, perspectives, and methods. We present an analytical framework that organizes our thinking about the domain of entrepreneurship research by specifying elements, levels of analysis, and the process/context. An overview is provided of where the field stands today and how it is positioned relative to the existing disciplines and new research fields upon which it draws. Areas needed for future progress are highlighted, particularly the need for a rigorous dynamic theory of entrepreneurship that relates entrepreneurial activity to economic growth and human welfare. Moreover, applied work based on more careful design as well as on theoretical models yielding more credible and robust estimates seems also highly warranted.
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