| 1. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 2. |
- Gunnarsdottir, Maria J., et al.
(författare)
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Implementing risk-based approaches to improve drinking water quality in small water supplies in the Nordic region – barriers and solutions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Water and Health. - 1477-8920. ; 21:12, s. 1747-1760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small water supplies face similar problems worldwide, regardless of ownership or management type. Non-compliance with water quality regulations is more frequent in small supplies than in large ones, as are waterborne disease outbreaks. The new EU Drinking Water Directive requires risk-based approach (RBA) to secure water safety as is recommended in the WHO's Guidelines for drinking water quality through ‘water safety plans’. This is already in regulation in the Nordic countries, although less used in small supplies. In this research, we explore the challenges, barriers and possible solutions to implementing RBA and improving compliance in small supplies. This was achieved by conducting and analysing interviews with 53 stakeholders from all 8 Nordic countries to produce recommendations for action by the different implicated actors. Our findings suggest the centrality of governmental policy, including support for continuous training, provision of simple RBA guidelines and increasing cooperation in the water sector. The Nordic experience reflects global challenges with small water supplies and the trend towards systematic preventive management epitomized in the framework for drinking water safety advocated by the World Health Organization since 2004.
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| 3. |
- Gunnarsdottir, Maria J., et al.
(författare)
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Status of risk-based approach and national framework for safe drinking water in small water supplies of the Nordic water sector
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1438-4639. ; 230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reliable safe water supply is a pillar of society and a key to public health. The Nordic countries have an abundance of clean fresh water as a source for drinking water supplies. They have followed developments in safeguarding water, both the recommendations of the World Health Organization framework for safe drinking water and European legislation. Worldwide, including the Nordic countries, small water supplies are less compliant with water safety regulation. The forthcoming EU directive on drinking water require risk-based approaches and improved transparency on water quality. This research looks at the Nordic frameworks for safe water supply, with emphasis on risk-based approaches and smaller systems. We analyzed the legal frameworks for safe water, the structure of the water sector across the Nordic countries and explored how prepared these countries are to meet these requirements. Our findings show that, while legal requirements are mostly in place, delivery of information to the public needs to be improved. Most Nordic countries are in the process of implementing risk-based management in large and medium size water supplies, whereas small supplies are lagging. We conclude that a key to success is increased training and support for small supplies. We suggest wider adoption of the Nordic model of cooperation with benchmarking of safe water for all to transfer knowledge between the countries. This work provides insights into challenges and opportunities for the Nordic countries and provides insights relevant to countries worldwide in their effort towards realization of SDG Target 6.1.
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| 4. |
- Kwiatkowski, A., et al.
(författare)
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Chlamydia pneumoniae infection: an additional factor for chronic allograft rejection.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Transplantation Proceedings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0041-1345. ; 38:1, s. 108-111
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction Chronic rejection (CHR) of organ allografts, one of the most significant problems in modern transplantation, is not fully understood. This study sought to evaluate the influence of selected parameters on late kidney transplant function. Patients and Method The studied group consisted of eighty-six patients who received allogeneic transplants between 1988 and 1999 for leukocyte Chlamydia pneumoniae–DNA, immunoglobulin (Ig)A/IgG anti–C pneumoniae, blood lipids, ischemic damage in the donor and during organ preservation, HLA mismatch, and acute rejection episodes. Results Eighty-six patients were segregated as 26 patients (30%) with histologically proven chronic graft rejection (CHR[+]) and 59 patients (70%) without (CHR[−]). The presence of C pneumoniae–DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes was significantly more frequent in CHR(+) than CHR(−) group (46% vs 20%). Patients with leukocytes positive for C pneumoniae–DNA more frequently (50%) had CHR than patients negative for C pneumoniae–DNA (22%). CHR(+) patients showed significantly lower HDL levels (47 mg/dL vs 58 mg/dL) and higher triglyceride levels (193 mg/dL vs 148 mg/dL). To study the cumulative effect of differences between the CHR(+) and CHR(−) groups, we applied a multiple binary logistic regression analysis. An econometric model enabled us to calculate the probability of CHR for a given patient taking into account covariates chosen by means of stepwise selection: the presence of C pneumoniae–DNA in blood leukocytes, the use of continuous pulsatile perfusion in hypothermia, myocardial infarction occurrence, and triglyceride concentrations. Conclusion The presence of C pneumoniae–DNA in peripheral blood leukocytes increased the risk of CHR, which may be predicted by a multifactor analysis of chosen parameters.
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| 5. |
- Birck, Malene M., et al.
(författare)
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Infection-induced coronary dysfunction and systemic inflammation in piglets are dampened in hypercholesterolemic milieu
- 2011
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology: Heart and Circulatory Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 1522-1539 .- 0363-6135. ; 300:5, s. 1595-1601
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Birck MM, Pesonen E, Odermarsky M, Hansen AK, Persson K, Frikke-Schmidt H, Heegaard PM, Liuba P. Infection-induced coronary dysfunction and systemic inflammation in piglets are dampened in hypercholesterolemic milieu. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 300: H1595-H1601, 2011. First published February 25, 2011; doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01253.2010.-The synergism of infection with conventional cardiovascular risk factors in atherosclerosis is much debated. We hypothesized that coronary arterial injury correlates with infection recurrence and pathogen burden and is further aggravated by hypercholesterolemia. Forty-two Gottingen minipigs were assigned to repeated intratracheal inoculation of PBS, Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn), or both Cpn and influenza virus at 8, 11, and 14 wk of age. Animals were fed either standard or 2% cholesterol diet (chol-diet.). At 19 wk of age coronary vasomotor responses to acetylcholine (ACh) and adenosine were assessed in vivo and blood and tissue samples were collected. Nonparametric tests were used to compare the groups. In cholesterol-fed animals, total cholesterol/HDL was significantly increased in infected animals compared with noninfected animals [3.13 (2.17-3.38) vs. 2.03 (1.53-2.41), respectively; P = 0.01]. C-reactive protein (CRP) rose in infected animals [10.60 (4.96-18.00) vs. 2.47 (1.44-3.01) mu g/ml in noninfected; P < 0.01] without significant difference between the mono- and coinfected groups. Among coinfected animals, both CRP and haptoglobin were lower in those fed chol-diet than in those fed standard diet (P < 0.05). The vasoconstricting response to ACh was most prominent in coinfected animals (769.3 (594-1,129) cm; P = 0.03 vs. noninfected [342 (309-455) cm] and P = 0.07 vs. monoinfected [415 (252.5-9711.8) cm]}. Among monoinfected animals, similar to CRP, a trend for less vasoconstriction was observed in those fed chol-diet (P = 0.08). Coinfection of piglets appears to be associated with more pronounced coronary muscarinic vasomotor dysfunction. In monoinfected animals, use of chol-diet seems to dampen both coronary dysfunction and systemic inflammation induced by infection.
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| 6. |
- Frank, Ellinor M., et al.
(författare)
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Marine sediments are identified as an environmental reservoir for Escherichia coli : Comparing signature-based and novel amplicon sequencing approaches for microbial source tracking
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697. ; 907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Viable Escherichia coli were detected in sediments near a point of wastewater discharge in a marine coastal environment in Sweden. Since high concentrations were found in the sediments nearest the pipe, this suggested that treated wastewater effluent was the source of the microbes. In order to examine this hypothesis, different bioinformatics approaches were applied using 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 amplicon sequences from the sediments. Both signature-based source tracking using sequence libraries describing known sources of fecal water pollution (SourceTracker); and, a curated source tracking method, indicated that sediments were contaminated with wastewater. The results from the curated approach were independently confirmed using differential abundance analysis (DESeq2). A number of taxa originating from wastewater were identified which can be used to describe contamination of the sediments, and examine the spread of these specific taxa, even at low relative abundance, along the urban coast. Sequences of phylum Bacteroidetes (such as Bacteroides and Prevotella) and Firmicutes (such as Romboutsia) increased in sediments with higher concentrations of E. coli. In addition, sequences from Trichococcus are proposed as an indicator for treated wastewater. All three source tracking approaches, and the detection of viable E. coli, suggest that urban sediments can be a reservoir for indicator bacteria.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Garcia, M. E., et al.
(författare)
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On the distribution of saline groundwater in the Poopo Basin, central Bolivian Highland
- 2010
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Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 66, s. 199-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lake Poopó is a terminal lake of the Bolivian Altiplano, with high salinity and heavy anthropogenic pollution from centuries of extensive mining activity. This study aims to describe how the water quality of groundwater and surface water system in different subwater-sheds of the Lake Poopó varies with geology and hydrology. Measurements of total dissolved solids (TDS) in wells show groundwater becoming more saline close to the lake. The results indicate high natural contamination from weathering of minerals with high concentrations of lead and arsenic, generally dry conditions which results in high salinity in water and soil, and most importantly, anthropogenic contamination from the intensive mining and metallurgic activities. Fresh groundwater can be found in the upper part of the soil and bedrock to a small extent. Up-coning and saline water intrusion is very common in the wells, which need to be shallow in order to avoid abstraction of saline groundwater. The groundwater is highly vulnerable and further on contaminated by acid mine drainage from the mining tails and by untreated effluents from the towns and villages of the area.
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| 10. |
- Harris, Simon R., et al.
(författare)
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Whole-genome analysis of diverse Chlamydia trachomatis strains identifies phylogenetic relationships masked by current clinical typing
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:4, s. 413-419
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for both trachoma and sexually transmitted infections, causing substantial morbidity and economic cost globally. Despite this, our knowledge of its population and evolutionary genetics is limited. Here we present a detailed phylogeny based on whole-genome sequencing of representative strains of C. trachomatis from both trachoma and lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) biovars from temporally and geographically diverse sources. Our analysis shows that predicting phylogenetic structure using ompA, which is traditionally used to classify Chlamydia, is misleading because extensive recombination in this region masks any true relationships present. We show that in many instances, ompA is a chimera that can be exchanged in part or as a whole both within and between biovars. We also provide evidence for exchange of, and recombination within, the cryptic plasmid, which is another key diagnostic target. We used our phylogenetic framework to show how genetic exchange has manifested itself in ocular, urogenital and LGV C. trachomatis strains, including the epidemic LGV serotype L2b.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Ilyas, Aamir, et al.
(författare)
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Residual organic matter and microbial respiration in bottom ash: Effects on metal leaching and eco-toxicity.
- 2015
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 1096-3669. ; 33:9, s. 805-811
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common assumption regarding the residual organic matter, in bottom ash, is that it does not represent a significant pool of organic carbon and, beyond metal-ion complexation process, it is of little consequence to evolution of ash/leachate chemistry. This article evaluates the effect of residual organic matter and associated microbial respiratory processes on leaching of toxic metals (i.e. arsenic, copper, chromium, molybdenum, nickel, lead, antimony and zinc), eco-toxicity of ash leachates. Microbial respiration was quantified with help of a respirometric test equipment OXITOP control system. The effect of microbial respiration on metal/residual organic matter leaching and eco-toxicity was quantified with the help of batch leaching tests and an eco-toxicity assay - Daphnia magna. In general, the microbial respiration process decreased the leachate pH and eco-toxicity, indicating modification of bioavailability of metal species. Furthermore, the leaching of critical metals, such as copper and chromium, decreased after the respiration in both ash types (fresh and weathered). It was concluded that microbial respiration, if harnessed properly, could enhance the stability of fresh bottom ash and may promote its reuse.
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| 13. |
- Kjær, Kasper S., et al.
(författare)
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Finding intersections between electronic excited state potential energy surfaces with simultaneous ultrafast X-ray scattering and spectroscopy
- 2019
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Ingår i: Chemical Science. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2041-6520 .- 2041-6539. ; 10:22, s. 5749-5760
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Light-driven molecular reactions are dictated by the excited state potential energy landscape, depending critically on the location of conical intersections and intersystem crossing points between potential surfaces where non-adiabatic effects govern transition probabilities between distinct electronic states. While ultrafast studies have provided significant insight into electronic excited state reaction dynamics, experimental approaches for identifying and characterizing intersections and seams between electronic states remain highly system dependent. Here we show that for 3d transition metal systems simultaneously recorded X-ray diffuse scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy at sub-70 femtosecond time-resolution provide a solid experimental foundation for determining the mechanistic details of excited state reactions. In modeling the mechanistic information retrieved from such experiments, it becomes possible to identify the dominant trajectory followed during the excited state cascade and to determine the relevant loci of intersections between states. We illustrate our approach by explicitly mapping parts of the potential energy landscape dictating the light driven low-to-high spin-state transition (spin crossover) of [Fe(2,2′-bipyridine)3]2+, where the strongly coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics have been a source of interest and controversy. We anticipate that simultaneous X-ray diffuse scattering and X-ray emission spectroscopy will provide a valuable approach for mapping the reactive trajectories of light-triggered molecular systems involving 3d transition metals.
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| 14. |
- Kjær, Kasper S., et al.
(författare)
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Solvent control of charge transfer excited state relaxation pathways in [Fe(2,2′-bipyridine)(CN)4]2-
- 2018
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Ingår i: Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 20:6, s. 4238-4249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The excited state dynamics of solvated [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2-, where bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine, show significant sensitivity to the solvent Lewis acidity. Using a combination of optical absorption and X-ray emission transient spectroscopies, we have previously shown that the metal to ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited state of [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- has a 19 picosecond lifetime and no discernable contribution from metal centered (MC) states in weak Lewis acid solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide and acetonitrile.1,2 In the present work, we use the same combination of spectroscopic techniques to measure the MLCT excited state relaxation dynamics of [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- in water, a strong Lewis acid solvent. The charge-transfer excited state is now found to decay in less than 100 femtoseconds, forming a quasi-stable metal centered excited state with a 13 picosecond lifetime. We find that this MC excited state has triplet (3MC) character, unlike other reported six-coordinate Fe(ii)-centered coordination compounds, which form MC quintet (5MC) states. The solvent dependent changes in excited state non-radiative relaxation for [Fe(bpy)(CN)4]2- allows us to infer the influence of the solvent on the electronic structure of the complex. Furthermore, the robust characterization of the dynamics and optical spectral signatures of the isolated 3MC intermediate provides a strong foundation for identifying 3MC intermediates in the electronic excited state relaxation mechanisms of similar Fe-centered systems being developed for solar applications.
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| 15. |
- Kunnus, Kristjan, et al.
(författare)
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Vibrational wavepacket dynamics in Fe carbene photosensitizer determined with femtosecond X-ray emission and scattering
- 2020
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The non-equilibrium dynamics of electrons and nuclei govern the function of photoactive materials. Disentangling these dynamics remains a critical goal for understanding photoactive materials. Here we investigate the photoinduced dynamics of the [Fe(bmip)2]2+ photosensitizer, where bmip = 2,6-bis(3-methyl-imidazole-1-ylidine)-pyridine, with simultaneous femtosecond-resolution Fe Kα and Kβ X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES) and X-ray solution scattering (XSS). This measurement shows temporal oscillations in the XES and XSS difference signals with the same 278 fs period oscillation. These oscillations originate from an Fe-ligand stretching vibrational wavepacket on a triplet metal-centered (3MC) excited state surface. This 3MC state is populated with a 110 fs time constant by 40% of the excited molecules while the rest relax to a 3MLCT excited state. The sensitivity of the Kα XES to molecular structure results from a 0.7% average Fe-ligand bond length shift between the 1 s and 2p core-ionized states surfaces.
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| 16. |
- Naseri-Rad, Mehran, et al.
(författare)
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Inside-t : A groundwater contamination transport model for sustainability assessment in remediation practice
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainability (Switzerland). - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 13:14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Current sustainability assessment (SA) tools to help deal with contaminated groundwater sites are inherently subjective and hardly applied. One reason may be lack of proper tools for addressing contaminant spread which are basically objective. To fill this gap, there is a need for contaminant transport models that provide site managers with needed room for applying their judgments and considerations about the efficiency of each remediation method based on their experiences in similar cases. INSIDE-T uses trend analysis and inverse modeling to estimate transport parameters. It then simulates contaminant transport both with and without the inclusion of remedial actions in a transparent way. The sustainability of each remedy measure can then be quantified based on the underlying SA tool (INSIDE). INSIDE-T was applied to a site in south Sweden, contaminated with pentachlorophenol. Simulation scenarios were developed to enable comparison between various remediation strategies and combinations of these. The application indicated that natural attenuation was not a viable option within the timeframe of interest. Although pump-and-treat combined with a permeable reactive barrier was found to be just as effective as bioremediation after five years, it received a much lower sustainability score overall. INSIDE-T outcomes enable site managers to test and evaluate different scenarios, a necessity in participatory decision-making practices such as remediation projects.
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| 17. |
- Persson, Magnus, et al.
(författare)
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Tendenser och trender i tidskriften Vattens artiklar under 75 år
- 2019
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Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 75:1, s. 7-22
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Journal of Water Management and Research (Vatten) celebrates 2019 its 75th anniversary with a special issue, republishing one article per decade from 1940 to 2010. In the present article, we summarize the development of Swedish water research and management based upon the material published in the journal. We read all issues of the journal, noting important trends, percentage of female authors etc. In total, 2015 articles have been published over 20,600 pages, written by 3,309 authors. During the first decades of the journal history, articles mainly dealt with pollution issues, manifested in, e.g., poor bathing water quality. During the 1950s and 1960s many papers described the expanding municipal waste water treatment with international outlooks, getting inspiration mainly from Germany. Acidification was a hot topic during the 70s and 80s. At the same time articles concerning storm water started to show up and subsequently increased in frequency. During the 90s and 00s wetlands gained popularity, which decreased again in the 10s. The first article on climate change was published already in 1987, but this topic did not become frequent until the 10s.
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| 18. |
- Persson, N, et al.
(författare)
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Biologisk denitrifikation av dricksvatten - Biological denitrification of drinking water
- 2006
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Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 62:4, s. 323-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A pilot-plant study, made to clarify whether biological denitrification is a possible and suitable method for nitrate reduction of drinking water in Sweden is presented. The concentration of nitrate-nitrogen in un-treated water was 10–15 mg/l. The reactor was a 1.2 m aluminium tube with a inner diameter of 0.19 m. 0.75 m was filled with Filtralite®, expanded clay, through which the nitrate-contaminated water was forced to flow upwards with a velocity of 0.5 m/h. The system was run with artificial nitrate-polluted potable water from the three pumps during a week. The nitrate was then added to the water by using a solution of sodium nitrate. As carbon-source, sodium acetate was used. The Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) of the system was 5.9 h, of which approximately 2.6 hours were within the bacterial support material. The C:N ratio was found to be below 1.5 and the system was very stable. Since the process will not work as long as oxygen is present, oxygen was degassed, but the importance of trace oxygen amounts could not be decided, since it wasn’t possible to decrease the oxygen to really low concentrations in the water prior inlet to the reactor. It was concluded that it is possible to use biological denitrification for drinking water. Post-treatment in an aerated reactor will be needed to ensure that no carbon or nitrite-nitrogen comes into the potable water.
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| 19. |
- Sigar, Ira M., et al.
(författare)
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Plasmid deficiency in urogenital isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis reduces infectivity and virulence in a mouse model
- 2014
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Ingår i: Pathogens and Disease. - : Wiley-Blackwell. - 2049-632X. ; 70:1, s. 61-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We hypothesized that the plasmid of urogenital isolates of Chlamydia trachomatis would modulate infectivity and virulence in a mouse model. To test this hypothesis, we infected female mice in the respiratory or urogenital tract with graded doses of a human urogenital isolate of C.trachomatis, serovar F, possessing the cognate plasmid. For comparison, we inoculated mice with a plasmid-free serovar F isolate. Following urogenital inoculation, the plasmid-free isolate displayed significantly reduced infectivity compared with the wild-type strain with the latter yielding a 17-fold lower infectious dose to yield 50% infection. When inoculated via the respiratory tract, the plasmid-free isolate exhibited reduced infectivity and virulence (as measured by weight change) when compared to the wild-type isolate. Further, differences in infectivity, but not in virulence were observed in a C.trachomatis, serovar E isolate with a deletion within the plasmid coding sequence 1 when compared to a serovar E isolate with no mutations in the plasmid. We conclude that plasmid loss reduces virulence and infectivity in this mouse model. These findings further support a role for the chlamydial plasmid in infectivity and virulence in vivo.
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| 20. |
- Tatsuno, Hideyuki, et al.
(författare)
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Hot Branching Dynamics in a Light-Harvesting Iron Carbene Complex Revealed by Ultrafast X-ray Emission Spectroscopy
- 2020
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Ingår i: Angewandte Chemie - International Edition. - : Wiley. - 1433-7851 .- 1521-3773. ; 59:1, s. 364-372
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iron N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes have received a great deal of attention recently because of their growing potential as light sensitizers or photocatalysts. We present a sub-ps X-ray spectroscopy study of an FeIINHC complex that identifies and quantifies the states involved in the deactivation cascade after light absorption. Excited molecules relax back to the ground state along two pathways: After population of a hot 3MLCT state, from the initially excited 1MLCT state, 30 % of the molecules undergo ultrafast (150 fs) relaxation to the 3MC state, in competition with vibrational relaxation and cooling to the relaxed 3MLCT state. The relaxed 3MLCT state then decays much more slowly (7.6 ps) to the 3MC state. The 3MC state is rapidly (2.2 ps) deactivated to the ground state. The 5MC state is not involved in the deactivation pathway. The ultrafast partial deactivation of the 3MLCT state constitutes a loss channel from the point of view of photochemical efficiency and highlights the necessity to screen transition-metal complexes for similar ultrafast decays to optimize photochemical performance.
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| 21. |
- Uamusse, Miguel M., et al.
(författare)
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Access to sustainable electrification : Possibilities for rural Mozambique
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cogent Engineering. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2331-1916. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We assess the sustainability of rural electrification in Manica Province, Mozambique, focusing on different alternatives for mini-grid and off-grid power supply. The qualitative assessment considers four dimensions of sustainability, namely environmental, socio-cultural, economic, and institutional. We argue that small-scale hydropower is the most sustainable alternative for off-grid or mini-grid solutions in rural Manica Province with good possibilities to scale up this to the major parts of rural Mozambique. The investigation shows that social acceptance for small-scale hydropower is high. Environmental sustainability of small-scale hydropower is higher than for PV systems. To speed up the electrification process, efficient rural electrification has to connect policy to local scale and institutional strengthening. The legislation needs to be improved, and there is a need for better institutional coordination for hydropower mini-grids’ regulation. Along this line, a national framework to support small and independent power producers is necessary.
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| 22. |
- Uamusse, Miguel M., et al.
(författare)
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Mini-grid hydropower for rural electrification in mozambique : Meeting local needs with supply in a nexus approach
- 2019
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 11:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 7 states that access to affordable, reliable, sustainable, and modern energy should be provided for all by 2030. Mozambique is one of the poorest countries on earth but has abundant supply of energy resources. The electrification rate, however, has been slow. Rural electrification is hampered by lack of basic infrastructure, institutional barriers, and low ability and willingness to pay for energy services. Thus, there is a general gap between electricity supply and demand. In view of this, the present paper investigates supply and demand of electricity for a typical rural case study area in Mozambique. We suggest a nexus approach to improve water, energy, and food security initiated at a local level. Households in the investigated case study area can be connected to a mini-grid hydropower system that allows for energy production to 80-200 households. To increase the economic profitability of the mini-grid hydropower system we suggest including small-scale industry. For the studied rural village, this would be constituted by a small-scale factory for milling of corn and other cereals. Electricity produced can thus be used for food processing but also for pumping water supply to households for domestic use and small-scale irrigated farming lots. The results indicate that the villagers have a real payment capacity of between 8 and 19 USD per MWh of generated hydropower. Benefits of rural electrification are direct. It contributes to improved living conditions for households and provides better nexus security and sustainable development within healthcare, education, and small-scale business development.
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| 23. |
- Unemo, M, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences with the new genetic variant of Chlamydia trachomatis in Orebro county, Sweden - proportion, characteristics and effective diagnostic solution in an emergent situation
- 2007
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Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - 1560-7917 .- 1025-496X. ; 12:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Chlamydia trachomatis variant that contains a 377 bp deletion in the cryptic plasmid was recently reported in Sweden. This deletion includes the targets for Cobas Amplicor, Cobas TaqMan48, and Abbott m2000. We examined the proportion and characteristics of this variant in Örebro county, Sweden and developed an effective diagnostic solution. In total, 2,401 consecutive C. trachomatis culture samples and 536 PCR samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients and screened females were included. Culture, Cobas Amplicor, and LightMix 480HT were used for diagnosis. A mutant-specific PCR, plasmid sequencing, omp1 sequencing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) were used to identify and characterise mutants. In total, 162 (6.7%) of the cultured samples were positive for C. trachomatis. However, 61 (38%) of those were negative when using Cobas Amplicor, and 60 of these were subsequently confirmed as the new variant. 13 of these mutant isolates were further characterised genetically, and all were of identical genotype E and the unique MLST sequence type: 21, 19, 1, 2, 1. Of all culture-positive samples, 161 of 162 were positive in the LightMix 480HT assay. The single negative sample was only weakly positive in culture, and negative in all PCRs. Of the 536 PCR samples, 37 were positive in both Cobas Amplicor and LightMix 480HT, 13 were only positive in LightMix 480HT (mutants), and two were only positive in Cobas Amplicor. Mutated C. trachomatis were prevalent in Örebro county in the period from October 2006 to February 2007, and it appeared to be a single clone. LightMix 480HT seemed sensitive, specific, and enabled high throughput diagnostics. However, rare low positive samples may be false-negative. Frequent surveillance and evaluations of diagnostic methods worldwide are crucial.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- van Praagh, Martijn, et al.
(författare)
-
Water and solute movement in air pollution control residues measured by time domain reflectometry.
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Engineering. - 0733-9372. ; 133:7, s. 750-757
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The mobility of pollutants from air pollution control (APC) residues is strongly influenced by its contact with water. This study aims to verify the applicability of time-domain reflectometry (TDR) to infer water and solute movement in situ in an APC residue–compost mixture in a laboratory column. The calibrated dielectric permittivity–volumetric water content relationship (K−thetav) for the material shows a distinct plateau at midrange volumetric water contents, which are underestimated by Topp's K−thetav model throughout the studied range. The coating of probes enables a clear TDR signal collection and analysis up to electrical conductivity values of 280 mS cm−1. Heterogeneities in packing and channel flow in the column are revealed by TDR measurements. Water contents inferred by TDR signal analysis require careful interpretation when used in materials such as APC residues, due to the high amount of water bound in the hydration shells of ions released into the pore water.
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| 27. |
- Abdelhady, Dalia, et al.
(författare)
-
The Nile and the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam: Is There a Meeting Point between Nationalism and Hydrosolidarity?
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Contemporary Water Research and Education. - 1936-704X. ; 155:1, s. 73-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The soon-to-be completed Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD), which will be the largest hydroelectric power plant and among the largest reservoirs in Africa, has highlighted the need for expanding traditional integrated water resources management to better include the cultural, social, and political complexities of large water infrastructure in development projects. The GERD will store a maximum of 74 billion cubic meters of water corresponding to approximately the average annual outflow of the Nile from the Aswan high dam. Undoubtedly, the GERD will be vital for energy production and a key factor for food production, economic development, and poverty reduction in Ethiopia and the Nile Basin. However, the GERD is also a political statement that in one stroke has re-written the hydropolitical map of the Nile Basin. The GERD has become a symbol of Ethiopian nationalism or “renaissance” (hidase in Amharic). A contrasting concept to nationalism is hydrosolidarity. This concept has been put forward to better stress equitable use of water in international water management challenges that would lead to sustainable socioeconomic development. We use the opposing notions of nationalism and hydrosolidarity at three different scales, everyday politics, state policies, and interstate and global politics to analyse some aspects of the new hydropolitical map of the Nile Basin. We argue that nationalism and national interests are not necessarily negative standpoints but that there may instead be a meeting point where regional and national interests join with hydrosolidarity principles. We believe that this meeting point can maximize not only the common good, but also the good from a national interest point of view. For this, it is important not increase collaboration instead of being locked in to the historical narrative of nationalistic culture and historical discourse. This would benefit and improve future sustainability.
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| 28. |
- Ahuja, Rajeev, et al.
(författare)
-
Optical properties of 4H-SiC
- 2002
-
Ingår i: Journal of Applied Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-8979 .- 1089-7550. ; 91:4, s. 2099-2103
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optical band gap energy and the dielectric functions of n-type 4H-SiC have been investigated experimentally by transmission spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry and theoretically by an ab initio full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital method. We present the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric functions, resolved into the transverse and longitudinal photon moment a, and we show that the anisotropy is small in 4H-SiC. The measurements and the calculations fall closely together in a wide range of energies.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Current situation of municipal solid waste landfills in Jordan
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Waste Management: international journal of integrated waste management, science and technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-2456. ; 31:8, s. 1897-1898
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jordan has seen a large increase in inhabitants over the past five decades as a result of a high population growth rate and forced migrations. Economic and cultural development has improved the standard of living and changed consumer habits, resulting in an increase in the volume of municipal solid waste (MSW) over time. The rate of production of MSW has been estimated at about 1,964,284 ton annually with an average generation rate of 0.95 kg/ cap/day in urban and 0.85 kg/cap/day in rural areas (SWEEP, 2010) and is expected to reach 2.5 million ton by 2015. The major fraction of MSW composition is organic (Fig. 1), which implies a high moisture content value, as expected in a developing country where food is the major component of the solid waste stream (Abu Qdais, 2007). About 86% of the MSW is decomposable and recyclable, while the remainder is inert matter. The solid waste volume is still increasing at high rates due to the rapid population increase as well as the change in living standards and consumption patterns.
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| 31. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Design of sanitary landfills in Jordan for sustainable solid waste management
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Applied Sciences Research. - 1816-157X. ; 6:11, s. 1880-1884
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Municipal solid waste is one of the major environmental problems in Jordan. The World Bank visibility study (2004) showed that the rate of production of solid waste in Jordan was estimated annually of about 1.46 million ton, and is expected to reach 2.5 million ton by the year 2015 with a generation of 0.9/kg/capita/day. This solid waste volume is still increasing at high rates due to the rapid increase of populations and change in living standards and the consumption patterns. The majorities of landfills in Jordan are practicing open dumping and thus cause various environmental problems such as health hazards, surface water and ground water contamination, odors, etc. Sanitary landfills offer a viable option for the Common Service Councils (CSCs) which are responsible for operation and management of disposal sites in the country, to deal with the environmental hazards caused by open dumps practice within its financial constraints. If sanitary landfills are conducted properly, the negative environmental impacts can be kept to a minimum level. This paper will discuss the environmental, economic and social opportunities of moving open dumps toward sanitary landfills such a transfer is necessary and it could play important roles in tackling the pressing solid waste problems and a forward step for an approach for integrated solid waste management in the country.
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| 32. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Environmental impact of municipal solid waste landfills in semi-arid climates - case study: Jordan
- 2012
-
Ingår i: The Open Waste Management Journal. - : Bentham Science Publishers Ltd.. - 1876-4002. ; 5:1, s. 28-39
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Landfilling is the most commonly used method for solid waste disposal in Jordan. It is an important source of pollution, which can be displayed through analysis of data for climatic conditions, hydrology and geology of the country. The migration of gas and leachate from the landfill body into the surrounding environment present a serious environmental concern, which include groundwater pollution, air pollution with impact on climate through methane emission and potential health hazards. This paper presents an overview of these environmental concerns from landfilling practices and their adverse environmental effects. In the paper, a number of remedial measures needed to minimize these environmental and socio-economic effects are suggested, with in total eight long term and eight short term measures for improving of the solid waste management system of Jordan.
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| 33. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of Deferent Daily Cover Using Hydrus 2d/3d Simulation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: ; , s. 114-118
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The most important trends in landfill management policy over the last decade have been the universal adoption of the containment approach to emission control and the increasing legal requirement to install artificial membranes as bottom liners and caps to landfills which is now mandatory in many countries. The landfill cover is one of the most important aspects when designing and constructing landfills. The cover should minimize the quantity of water that infiltrates to the body of the solid waste landfills, reduce the rate of leachate generation, segregate solid waste from the surrounding environment, and control the risk of additional groundwater contamination and gas migration. Landfill covers are not standardized. Different covers have been proposed and executed all over the world. The selection of the suitable cover type is a big challenge especially in arid and semi-arid countries. Jordan is considered to be a semi-arid country. In Jordan, more than 20 landfills are in operation. Landfilling practiced in Jordan is generally dumping the waste in trenches with leveling and compacting by trash compactors to reduce the size and the thickness of the layers, and finally covering the waste with 0.5 m from the landfill soil in daily basis. This cover usually ends to be the cap during landfill working time and sometimes after closing. To assess the efficiency of a certain cover with particular concentration on landfills in arid and semi-arid areas, many field studies should be adopted along an extensive time period, confirming the efficiency of the landfill cover. Cost, time, and labor demands are still the major obstacles for conducting such field studies. Other methods should be considered for evaluation of the landfill cover efficiency and also supporting correct evaluation of the performance of landfill covers. Numerical simulation with appropriate soil parameters is an inexpensive, fast, and labor saved tool for modeling water flow and solute transport in saturated and unsaturated media.
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| 34. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Evaluation of the Cover Effect in Mafraq Landfill –Jordan Using Hydrus-2d Simulation
- 2011
-
Ingår i: IWWG. ; 13, s. 581-582
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a two-dimensional numerical model for water flow and solute transport, Hydrus-2D, was used to investigate the impact of landfill cover thickness and the antecedent water content (Ө) of the soil beneath the landfill on the chloride percolation below the landfill. Series of simulation scenarios were performed using season varying climatic data during a 30-year period including two varying factors; thickness of landfill cover (0, 50, 100 cm) and the antecedent soil water content (0.12 and 0.20 m3m-3). The simulation results showed that maximum chloride concentration for different scenarios at all location within soil profile during the entire simulation period was less than the chloride concentration in the MSW leachate. In addition, as the landfill cover increased the concentration of chloride at a certain location decreased. Meanwhile, the time required to reach this location increased. The simulation results showed also that the impact of antecedent soil water content on chloride concentration reduction increase as the cover thickness increased. Based on the result, it was recommended to use a landfill cover to reduce the chloride concentration. Cover thickness of 50 cm is suitable in case of low antecedent soil water content.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Municipal Landfilling Practice and Its Impact on the Water Resources - Jordan
- 2014
-
Ingår i: World Environment. - 2163-1581. ; 4:5, s. 213-218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Jordan is considered one of the most water-stressed countries in the world, with less than 150 cubic meters freshwater available per capita annually. Groundwater resources are clearly vital for Jordan´s population and economic wellbeing. It´s quality and amount has therefore to be managed in a sustainable way avoiding possible contaminations. Unfortunately the groundwater quality is threatened by several factors including unsafe landfilling. Jordan has been facing a unique situation in solid waste management due to sudden population and the change in living standards. Serious environmental problems are connected to this, which could threaten human, surface water and ground water. With the current regulation and attention focused in many environmental aspects in the country, the risk of water resources contamination is not completely recognized. The aim of this study is to provide an overview of environmental problems associated to the mismanagement of solid waste and the possible threats for human and water resources.
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| 37. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills in Jordan - Current Conditions and Prospective Future
- 2010
-
Ingår i: [Host publication title missing]. - 9783852341156 ; , s. 71-72
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jordan has seen a large increase in population during the past five decades as a result of high population growth rate and forced migrations. Economical and cultural development has improved the standard of living and changed consumer habits in the community, resulting in an increase in the volume of Municipal solid waste (MSW) with time. World Bank visibility study (2004) showed that the rate of production of solid waste in Jordan was estimated annually of about 1.46 million ton, and is expected to reach 2.5 million ton by year 2015 with a generation of 0.9 kg/capita/day. This increasing in the amounts of MSW is not yet accompanied with the proper management practice in Landfilling resources. It poses negative effects on the human health and environment. Throughout the country there are 24 landfills handling Municipal solid waste; one of the landfills is designed for sanitary landfilling but the others don’t have even the simplest needed requirements at present. In this work we discussed the general issues of the current situation of landfills, a recent literature on landfills has been reviewed, and data on the total amount of generation, future production and the composition are presented. The review of the legislation indicates there is a need for a new developed regulation to deal with landfills in a clear framework. Also the main obstacles which stand against developing this sector to sustainable levels in the coming future are identified. Suggestions and recommendations that should be taken in consideration for developing landfills are also presented.
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| 38. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Numerical evaluation of different landfill daily cover in semiarid areas – Jordan
- 2015
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Environment and Waste Management. - 1478-9868. ; 16:2, s. 95-112
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Efficient and suitable daily landfill cover is considered the most important aspect for minimising the negative impact of landfills on the local environment and population, especially in arid and semiarid countries. In this study, numerical model, HYDRUS-2D/3D, was used to investigate the impact of landfill cover type, cover thickness and antecedent water content on the quantity and the rate of contaminant percolation through the Mafraq landfill in Jordan during a 30-year simulation period. Four different cover types (sandy loam, clay loam, silt and clay), three cover thicknesses (0, 50, 100 cm) and two antecedent soil water content values (θi = 0.12 and 0.20 m3m−3) were simulated. Initial chloride concentration of 665 mg/l which is equal to the measured concentration in Mafraq landfill leachate was used during simulation. Simulation results showed that maximum chloride concentration for different scenarios at all locations within the soil profile during the entire simulation period was less than the chloride concentration in the municipal solid waste (MSW) leachate. In addition, as the landfill cover thickness increases, the concentration of chloride at a certain location decreases. Meanwhile, the time required to reach this location increases. The simulation results also showed that the effect of θi on chloride concentration reduction increases as the cover thickness increases. A cover thickness of 50 cm is suitable in case of low θi.
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| 39. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Proposed water balance equation for municipal solid waste landfills in Jordan.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 1096-3669. ; 31:10, s. 1028-1034
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents a water balance equation for predicting leachate generation in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills located in semi-arid areas, using the Akaider landfill in Jordan as an example. HYDRUS-2D/3D software was used to model the effect of co-disposal of wastewater into the landfill on the leachate production rates and for comparison with the results of the simulation of the proposed water balance equation parameters. A series of simulations was carried out for a 30-year period. The suggested water balance equation predicted that leachate will percolate to a depth of 50 m in the simulated period. The result indicates that the co-disposed wastewater plays a major role in controlling the rate and magnitude of the contaminants that percolate from the MSW leachate. As the initial water content of the waste increases, there is greater mobilisation of salts. The concentration of chloride at a given location increased and the time required for the chloride to reach this location decreased as a consequence. However, eliminating the co-disposed wastewater will significantly minimise leachate generation and decrease possible groundwater contamination. This equation is applicable to areas that have geological and hydrological properties similar to Jordan.
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| 40. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Public Awareness and Willingness for Recycle in Jordan
- 2011
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Academic Research. - 2075-7107. ; 3:1 (part II), s. 508-510
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jordan has seen a large increase in population during the past five decades as a result of population growth and forced migrations, and also, accompanied with this increase, a cultural and economical development that has improved the standard of living and changing consumer habits in the community, resulting in a clear increase in the volume of waste. These changes urges the need for finding proper ways of making the living conditions for the people of Jordan more sustainable, recycling has been adopted as an important way to reduce waste and ease the use of landfills in many courtiers of the world. The residential area is a good place to start and practice recycling as a substantial part of all waste is generated there every day. This paper examines the level of willingness and awareness of recycling of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) among residential, with specific focus on university students. A total of 1000 residents were surveyed using 3 types of questionnaires designed to pattern their views on recycling of MSW and to test their willing for recycling, but also to examine their knowledge and awareness of recycling befits on a social, economical and environmental basis. In total 28 questions have been asked in a computer based survey to the students. The result clear that the recycling knowledge between respondent is very low. However, they hold a positive attitude toward the willing for learning more. Respondent also aware of the environmental and economical benefits from recycling, whereas they have negative attitude toward walking more distance and for paying more for better recycling
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| 41. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Solid Waste Management in Jordan
- 2014
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. - 2222-6990. ; 4:11, s. 138-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Solid waste became one of the major environmental problems in Jordan, which has been aggravated over the past 15 years by the sharp increase in the volume of waste generated as well as qualitative changes in its composition. The challenges face solid waste management (SWM) in Jordan are numerous. Financial constraints, shortage of proper equipment and limited availability of trained and skilled manpower together with massive and sudden population increases due to several waves of forced migration. In this work we discussed these challenges; the main problems which stand against developing this sector to sustainable levels in the coming future are identified. Suggestions and recommendations that should be taken in consideration for developing the sector are also presented
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| 42. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
The emission potential from municipal solid waste landfill in Jordan
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of Ecological Engineering. - : Wydawnictwo Naukowe Gabriel Borowski (WNGB). - 2299-8993. ; 17:1, s. 38-48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A comprehensive study was conducted to monitor the emission potential from solid waste landfilled in Jordan over a period of 292 days using an anaerobic lysimeter. A 30 kg waste sample reflecting the typical municipal solid waste (MSW) streams generated in Jordan was used to simulate the influence of climate on the emission potential of landfills located in semi-arid areas. The experimental results demonstrated that a significant amount of leachate and landfill gas was produced. The methane content was found to be more than 45% and the leachate produced reached 15.7 l after 200 days. However, after 260 days the gas and leachate production rate became negligible. A significant amount of heavy metal traces was found in the leachate due to mixed waste disposal. Changes in biogas and leachate quality parameters in the lysimeter revealed typical landfill behaviour trends, the only difference being that they developed much more quickly. In view of current landfill practices in Jordan and the effect of climate change, the results suggest that landfill design and operational modes need to be adjusted in order to achieve sustainability. For this reason, optimized design parameters and operational scenarios for sustainable landfill based on the country’s climatic conditions and financial as well as technical potential are recommended as a primary reference for future landfills in Jordan as well as in similar regions and climates.
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| 43. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
The Role of Informal Sector in Waste Management, A Case Study; Tafila-Jordan
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Resources and Environment. - 2163-2618. ; 5:1, s. 9-14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Scavengers play a major role in the waste management process in developing countries. This study analyzed the informal recycling activities carried out by scavenger in the Tafila region of Jordan. The results show that scavengers have an important role in the informal solid waste management (SWM) especially in term of waste reduction, minimization and material recovery. Significant values from the scavenged material make the scavenging somewhat a profitable business for poor people and could track more in the future. Socially scavenging tends to be acceptable in the community, especially with the increasing of the poverty and employments rates and became more acceptable in rural areas as it is already in urban areas. Despite the low level of education, the awareness for the negative health effect from working with waste was very high. The organizing of the scavenger work is suggested, since it would improve their working environment, income and living conditions. Therefore it should increase their contribution significantly to resource recovery.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Aljaradin, Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
-
Waste management in Zaatari refugee camp / Mafraq-Jordan
- 2016
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Jordan population have increased 3 million in the last five years. 1.5Million are refugees from Syria. 800 thousand are inside refugeecamps in the northern part of Jordan. 100 thousand are situated inZaatari camp which is located 10 kilometres east of Mafraq city. Thisenormous influx increased solid waste volume generated by 480 tonsdaily. The additional waste generation has exacerbated pre-existingpressures on waste management, in which service capacities innorthern municipalities were already exceeded, funding already fellshort of need, and collection supplies were already inefficient. USAIDestimated the total fiscal cost for municipal governments originatingfrom the Syrian refugee crisis amounted to around $25.4 million in2013 and $33.0 million in 2014. The main problem in the campsnowadays that people live under very bad conditions and thegenerated waste is creating environmental and health problems.Different organization together with Jordanian government work tofind solution to these problems. Unfortunately these efforts isrestricted by the limitation of funding.According to the political and economical situation the crises will notbe solved and refugees will not return back home soon. Thus, thesecampus are gradually evolving into a permanent settlement. Properwaste management is critical to preserving refugees’ health and wellbeingand to protect the environment. The aim of this paper is toidentify the challenges facing waste management in Zaatari camp.Furthermore, to suggest proper solution through comparing differentwaste management solutions considering the existing wastemanagement in Mafraq area.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Andersen, Lars L, et al.
(författare)
-
Effect of physical exercise on workplace social capital: cluster randomized controlled trial
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 43:8, s. 810-818
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While workplace health promotion with group-based physical exercise can improve workers' physical health, less is known about potential carry-over effects to psychosocial factors. This study investigates the effect of physical exercise on social capital at work.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Andersson, Sandra Andersson, et al.
(författare)
-
Undersökning av kalciumkarbonatförekomsten i Vombfältet
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Vatten: tidskrift för vattenvård /Journal of Water Management and research. - 0042-2886. ; 71, s. 17-26
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- In a study of the neutralization capacity and limestone content the artificial recharge area of the Sydvatten waterworks Vombverket in Vomb, Skåne, five samples from different locations in the area was collected, sieved and acidified with hydrochloric acid. The neutralization capacity measured as calcium carbonate content was found to vary in the different sandy soil samples but was generally high (about 2–14 % by weight). The total mass of calcium carbonate in the infiltration area was determined taking into account the volume and density, i.e. possible porosity of the soil. There is at least equal to 4.3 million tons of calcium carbonate present in the infiltration area. This corresponds to a neutralization capacity of 88 x 109 moles in the study area. The annual limestone dissolution in the area is about 750 tons. The limestone content in the area is generally high and has a good ability to buffer also more acidic water than water from Vombsjön. At present limestone consumption, the neutralization capacity lasts for at least 5700 years.
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| 50. |
- Apfalter, Petra, et al.
(författare)
-
Multicenter comparison trial of DNA extraction methods and PCR assays for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in endarterectomy specimens
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Microbiology. - 1098-660X. ; 39:2, s. 519-524
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reported rate of detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA within atherosclerotic lesions by PCR varies between 0 and 100%. In this study, identical sets of coded experimental atheroma samples (n = 15) and spiked controls (n = 5) were analyzed by 16 test methods in nine centers by means of PCR. The positive controls were correctly identified to levels of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 inclusion bodies of C. pneumoniae/ml of tissue homogenate by 16 (100%), 11 (69%), and 3 (19%) of the test methods, respectively. Three out of 16 negative controls (19%) were rated positive. Positivity rates for atheroma samples varied between 0 and 60% for the different test methods, with the maximum concordant result for positivity being only 25% for one carotid artery sample. There was no consistent pattern of positive results among the various laboratories, and there was no correlation between the detection rates and the sensitivity of the assay used.
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