| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 2. |
- Malm, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
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UTVÄRDERING AV SI-VERKSAMHETEN VID LUNDS UNIVERSITET 2016/17
- 2017
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Samverkansinlärning/Supplemental Instruction (SI) är en pedagogisk metod som syftar till att öka genomströmningen i svåra kurser. Metoden uppstod i USA vid University of Missouri Kansas City i mitten på 1970-talet och har därefter spridits till mer än 1500 högre lärosäten i ett trettiotal länder (Martin, 2008). Kort kan SI sägas vara ett studentdrivet komplement till ordinarie undervisning vid högre utbildning. Material i en kurs bearbetas tillsammans i en studiegrupp genom diskussion och grupparbeten under ledning av en äldre student – den s.k. SI-ledaren. Samverkansinlärning kom till Lunds universitet 1994 och har fått stor spridning på universitetet. Lund universitet utgör också ett nav för SI både i Sverige (SI finns på ca 15 svenska högre lärosäten) och i Europa och är också platsen för det nordeuropeiska SI-centret som ansvarar för utbildning och uppföljning i området på uppdrag av det internationella SI-centret i USA. Denna rapport sammanfattar resultaten från en utvärdering av SI-verksamheten vid Lunds universitet under läsåret 2016/17. SI-programmet vid Lunds universitet är omfattande med verksamhet på sex av universitetets fakulteter. Totalt har vi årligen ca 230 verksamma SIledare i ett sjuttiotal kurser. Organisationen av SI varierar mellan de olika fakulteterna. En ytterlighet finns vid LTH och naturvetenskaplig fakultet där verksamheten är starkt centraliserad. Den andra ytterligheten är vid samhällsvetenskaplig fakultet där SI-verksamheten är decentraliserad till de olika ämnena. Det som förenar de olika verksamhetsansvariga är den entusiasm som finns för SI-konceptet samt de dedikerade studenter som är SI-ledare. Närvaron på SI-möten är relativt god. Totalt har vi över 4000 studenter vid Lunds universitet som nyttjar SI varje år och en närvaro kring 30 % av kursregistrerade i snitt. Antalet deltagare på ett SI-möte ligger kring 10 i medeltal med en standardavvikelse kring 5 studenter, vilket ger goda förutsättningar för produktiva SI-möten generellt sett. De utvärderingar som gjorts av sambandet mellan SI-närvaro och kursresultat antyder att aktivt deltagande på SI ökar chanserna till ett bra resultat på kursen oavsett ämne. En specialundersökning i en kurs i matematik antyder också att alla studenter verkar gynnas av att gå på SI oavsett förkunskapsnivå. Enkätutvärderingar bland deltagarna antyder att den främsta drivkraften att delta på SI är att förstå kursmaterialet oavsett ämne och fakultet. Strategiska motiv som att klara kursen är normalt underordnade även om detta varierar beroende på fakultet/ämne. Det är roligt att konstatera att studiesocial interaktion mestadels värderas högt som motiv att delta på SI. Arbetsmiljön på SI upplevs som bra (lätt att fråga, lättsam, positiv och stödjande atmosfär samt lagom tempo) och generellt verkar mötena följa SI-metodiken väl. Oavsett fakultet verkar majoriteten av deltagarna känna att SI-mötena hjälper dem i deras kursarbete. De får en bättre förståelse av vad som förväntas av dem i kursen, ett ökat intresse för ämnet samt stöd i kursarbetet. De allra flesta verkar känna att de får en betydligt djupare förståelse för det kursmaterial man går igenom på SI-mötena. Dessutom upplever många att de sannolikt kommer att förbättra sitt kursresultat genom deltagande på SI. Detta antagande stödjs också som nämnts ovan av SI-närvaro och examinationsstatistik från kurser och ju högre SI närvaro desto bättre verkar det gå oavsett ämnesområde. Att döma av deltagarnas enkätsvar är det inte bara kursen med tillhörande SI som gynnas av SI-deltagande. Flera generella färdigheter tränas som bör gynna studenter i studier i andra kurser utan SI. Många deltagare upplever att färdigheter som problemlösningsförmåga, kritiskt tänkande, lagsamverkan och samarbete, presentation inför andra och sätt att studera utvecklats genom att delta på SI. Dessutom får flera ett förbättrat självförtroende i sina studier samt ett ökat nätverk av studiekamrater. Tidigare studier vid LTH antyder att de som deltagit på SI också presterar bättre i andra kurser utan SI och att de är mindre benägna att göra studieavbrott och tar ut examen i högre utsträckning (Malm, Bryngfors, & Mörner, 2012; Malm, Bryngfors, & Mörner, 2015; Malm, Bryngfors, & Fredriksson, 2017). Deltagarnas svar på frågan med ”Vad tycker du är det bästa med SI-mötena?” betonar möjligheten till diskussion och social interaktion, en god studiemiljö samt förståelseinriktad studietid. Detta gäller oavsett ämnesområde. Vad kan då förbättras med SI-mötena? Några antyder att strukturen/effektiviteten på mötena kan vara bristande. Detta kan i sin tur bero av att stödet för SI-ledare i form av observationer och handledning inte alltid fungerar som det skall. Detta är något att titta närmare på inom universitetet. Annat som kan förbättras med SI-verksamheten är att man vill ha fler möten, mer tid till mötena eller bättre schematider. Internationellt anses det ofta att SI-ledarna är de största ”vinnarna” i SI-konceptet pga de ledarskaps- och grupphanteringsfärdigheter de erhåller. Detta antyds även i enkätutvärderingarna för SI-ledare vid Lunds universitet. SI-ledarna verkar dessutom få ett bättre självförtroende, djupare förståelse av kursämnet samt bli bättre på att prata inför andra. Både deltagare och SI-ledare är generellt nöjda med sina möten.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Vieira, Mônica L., et al.
(författare)
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Heparin-Binding Protein Release Is Strongly Induced by Leptospira Species and Is a Candidate for an Early Diagnostic Marker of Human Leptospirosis
- 2019
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Ingår i: The Journal of infectious diseases. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1537-6613 .- 0022-1899. ; 219:6, s. 996-1006
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus Leptospira, is one of the most widespread zoonoses worldwide. Efficient diagnostic methods for early diagnosis of leptospirosis are still lacking, and acute disease presents with nonspecific symptomatology and is often misdiagnosed. The leptospires pathogenic processes and virulence mechanisms remain virtually unknown. In severe infections, hemostatic impairment is frequently observed, and pathophysiological complications often develop when the host response is modulated by the pathogen. The neutrophil heparin-binding protein (HBP) is an inflammatory mediator and potent inducer of vascular leakage. RESULTS: In this study, we found that leptospires and their secreted products induce the release of HBP from stimulated neutrophils through a controlled degranulation mechanism. We acknowledged 2 leptospiral proteins as able to induce HBP degranulation. These findings have clinical implications, as high levels of HBP were detected in serum from patients with leptospirosis, especially at the early phase of the disease. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we describe a new mechanism by which the leptospirosis pathophysiological complications may arise, such as vascular leakage and edema formation. We also propose HBP as a new early screening biomarker for human leptospirosis.
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| 5. |
- Almqvist, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound field characterisation in air using light diffraction tomography
- 2004
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Ingår i: AMUM 2004: Advanced Metrology for Ultrasound in Medicine 2004. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6596 .- 1742-6588. ; 1, s. 150-154
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this work was to show the applicability of light diffraction tomography on airborne ultrasound. Different air-coupled transducers in the frequency range 40 kHz - 2 MHz were measured to show the method's performance. A calibrated microphone and the pulse-echo method were used to evaluate the results. The absolute measurements agreed within the calibrated microphone's uncertainty range. Pulse waveforms and corresponding FFT-diagrams show the method's higher bandwidth compared to the microphone. Further, the method offers non-perturbing measurements with high spatial resolution, which was especially advantageous for measurements close to the transducer surfaces. The S/N-ratio was larger than or in the same range as that of the two comparing methods.
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| 6. |
- Amundin, Mats, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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An echolocation visualization and interface system for dolphin research
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). - 0001-4966 .- 1520-8524. ; 123:2, s. 1188-1194
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study describes the development and testing of a tool for dolphin research. This tool was able to visualize the dolphin echolocation signals as well as function as an acoustically operated "touch screen." The system consisted of a matrix of hydrophones attached to a semitransparent screen, which was lowered in front of an underwater acrylic panel in a dolphin pool. When a dolphin aimed its sonar beam at the screen, the hydrophones measured the received sound pressure levels. These hydrophone signals were then transferred to a computer where they were translated into a video image that corresponds to the dynamic sound pressure variations in the sonar beam and the location of the beam axis. There was a continuous projection of the image back onto the hydrophone matrix screen, giving the dolphin an immediate visual feedback to its sonar output. The system offers a whole new experimental methodology in dolphin research and since it is software-based, many different kinds of scientific questions can be addressed. The results were promising and motivate further development of the system and studies of sonar and cognitive abilities of dolphins. © 2008 Acoustical Society of America.
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| 7. |
- Anderzén-Carlsson, Agneta, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Medical yoga : another way of being in the world-A phenomenological study from the perspective of persons suffering from stress-related symptoms
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1748-2623 .- 1748-2631. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of stress-related illness has grown in recent years. Many of these patients seek help in primary health care. Yoga can reduce stress and thus complements pharmacological therapy in medical practice. To our knowledge, no studies have investigated patients' experiences of yoga treatment in a primary health care setting or, specifically, the experiences of yoga when suffering from stress-related illness. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the meaning of participating in medical yoga as a complementary treatment for stress-related symptoms and diagnosis in a primary health care setting. This study has a descriptive phenomenological design and took place at a primary health care centre in Sweden during 2011. Five women and one man (43-51 years) participated. They were recruited from the intervention group (n = 18) in a randomized control trial, in which they had participated in a medical yoga group in addition to standard care for 12 weeks. Data were collected by means of qualitative interviews, and a phenomenological data analysis was conducted. The essential meaning of the medical yoga experience was that the medical yoga was not an endpoint of recovery but the start of a process towards an increased sense of wholeness. It was described as a way of alleviating suffering, and it provided the participants with a tool for dealing with their stress and current situation on a practical level. It led to greater self-awareness and self-esteem, which in turn had an implicit impact on their lifeworld. In phenomenological terms, this can be summarized as Another way of being in the world, encompassing a perception of deepened identity. From a philosophical perspective, due to using the body in a new way (yoga), the participants had learnt to see things differently, which enriched and recast their perception of themselves and their lives.
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| 8. |
- Bengtsson, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Perspektiv på dagvattensystem
- 2021
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Ingår i: Ekostaden Augustenborg : erfarenheter och lärdomar - erfarenheter och lärdomar. - 1652-6430. - 9789151978673 ; 78, s. 189-195
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Eklund, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Medreflektioner inom lärarutbildningens examensarbete
- 2008
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Ingår i: Kongresrapport til den 10. nordiske læreruddannelseskongres. - Reykjavik : School of Education, University of Iceland. - 9789979985167
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studenterna inom lärarutbildningen vid Högskolan i Halmstad skriver under sin sista termin ett examensarbete. Enligt de bedömningskriterier som tillämpas ska examensarbetet vara såväl vetenskapligt som skol- och yrkesrelevant. Examensarbetet bedöms av akademiska lärare och bedömningarna ligger till grund för betygsättningen av examensarbetena. Efter att examensarbetena betygsatts, kommenteras de godkända examensarbetena av personal inom för-, grund och gymnasieskolor, s.k. medreflektörer. I föreliggande paper undersöks ett 50-tal medreflektioner med utgångspunkt från tre frågeställningar: 1. Vad slags reflektioner förmedlas i medreflektörernas texter?; 2. Vilka likheter och skillnader finns mellan medreflektörernas kommentarer och de akademiska bedömningarna?; 3. Ger medreflektörernas verksamhet bidrag till kompetensutveckling och skolutveckling?
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| 18. |
- Eriksson, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Diagnostic accuracy of postmortem imaging vs autopsy : a systematic review
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Radiology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0720-048X .- 1872-7727. ; 89, s. 249-269
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Postmortem imaging has been used for more than a century as a complement to medico-legal autopsies. The technique has also emerged as a possible alternative to compensate for the continuous decline in the number of clinical autopsies. To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of postmortem imaging for various types of findings, we performed this systematic literature review. Data sources The literature search was performed in the databases PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library through January 7, 2015. Relevant publications were assessed for risk of bias using the QUADAS tool and were classified as low, moderate or high risk of bias according to pre-defined criteria. Autopsy and/or histopathology were used as reference standard. Findings The search generated 2600 abstracts, of which 340 were assessed as possibly relevant and read in full-text. After further evaluation 71 studies were finally included, of which 49 were assessed as having high risk of bias and 22 as moderate risk of bias. Due to considerable heterogeneity - in populations, techniques, analyses and reporting - of included studies it was impossible to combine data to get a summary estimate of the diagnostic accuracy of the various findings. Individual studies indicate, however, that imaging techniques might be useful for determining organ weights, and that the techniques seem superior to autopsy for detecting gas Conclusions and Implications In general, based on the current scientific literature, it was not possible to determine the diagnostic accuracy of postmortem imaging and its usefulness in conjunction with, or as an alternative to autopsy. To correctly determine the usefulness of postmortem imaging, future studies need improved planning, improved methodological quality and larger materials, preferentially obtained from multi-center studies.
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| 19. |
- Fernández-Calero, Tamara, et al.
(författare)
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Fine-tuning the metabolic rewiring and adaptation of translational machinery during an epithelial-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells
- 2020
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Ingår i: Cancer & Metabolism. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2049-3002. ; 8, s. 8-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract: Background: During breast cancer progression, the epithelial to mesenchymal transition has been associated with metastasis and endocrine therapy resistance; however, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To gain insight into this process, we studied the transition undergone by MCF7-derived cells, which is driven by the constitutive nuclear expression of a MKL1 variant devoid of the actin-binding domain (MKL1 ΔN200). We characterized the adaptive changes that occur during the MKL1-induced cellular model and focused on regulation of translation machinery and metabolic adaptation.Methods: We performed a genome-wide analysis at the transcriptional and translational level using ribosome profiling complemented with RNA-Seq and analyzed the expression of components of the translation machinery and enzymes involved in energy metabolism. NGS data were correlated with metabolomic measurements and quantification of specific mRNAs extracted from polysomes and western blots.Results: Our results reveal the expression profiles of a luminal to basal-like state in accordance with an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. During the transition, the synthesis of ribosomal proteins and that of many translational factors was upregulated. This overexpression of the translational machinery appears to be regulated at the translational level. Our results indicate an increase of ribosome biogenesis and translation activity. We detected an extensive metabolic rewiring occurring in an already "Warburg-like" context, in which enzyme isoform switches and metabolic shunts indicate a crucial role of HIF-1α along with other master regulatory factors. Furthermore, we detected a decrease in the expression of enzymes involved in ribonucleotide synthesis from the pentose phosphate pathway. During this transition, cells increase in size, downregulate genes associated with proliferation, and strongly upregulate expression of cytoskeletal and extracellular matrix genes.Conclusions: Our study reveals multiple regulatory events associated with metabolic and translational machinery adaptation during an epithelial mesenchymal-like transition process. During this major cellular transition, cells achieve a new homeostatic state ensuring their survival. This work shows that ribosome profiling complemented with RNA-Seq is a powerful approach to unveil in-depth global adaptive cellular responses and the interconnection among regulatory circuits, which will be helpful for identification of new therapeutic targets.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Important role of P2Y receptors for islet blood flow regulation in anesthetized rats during acute and chronic hyperglycemia
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Pancreatic islet blood flow is regulated through a complex interplay between nervous, metabolic and local endothelial factors. We have previously shown that adenosine is an important vasodilator in the metabolic regulation of islet blood flow and now wanted to examine whether also ATP/ADP/AMP could affect islet blood perfusion through P2Y receptors. To achieve this we examined local blood flow values in normoglycemic and acutely hyperglycemic Sprague-Dawley rats as well as GK rats, a type 2 diabetes model. We inhibited P2Y receptors in general with suramine and, since P2Y13 receptors are known to inhibit insulin secretion, we also examined the effects of a selective P2Y13 receptor inhibitor, viz. MRS2211. We found that all GK rats were hyperglycemic and hypertensive when compared to SD rats. Basal islet blood flow in SD rats was decreased by MRS2211, and there was a trend for this to occur also after suramine administration. The glucose-induced islet blood flow increase in SD rats was impaired after suramine and MRS2211 treatment. GK rats had higher islet blood flow, but not islet vascular conductance, than SD rats, which did not react to acute hyperglycemia or the P2Y receptor inhibitors. Similar findings were made in an islet arteriole perfusion model, suggesting that local P2Y receptors are involved. A surprising finding was that especially suramine markedly increased colonic blood flow in SD rats, and decreased this blood flow in GK rats. We conclude that not only adenosine, but also also ATP and especially ADP stimulate both basal and glucose-stimulated islet blood flow in anesthetized SD rats, but this response is not seen in GK rats. Also colonic blood flow seems to be sensitive to P2Y receptors and increase its blood flow when these receptors are inhibited. The mechanisms behind this are unknown.
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| 22. |
- Gao, Xiang, et al.
(författare)
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Short-term glucosamine infusion increases islet blood flow in anesthetized rats
- 2013
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Ingår i: ISLETS. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1938-2014 .- 1938-2022. ; 5:5, s. 201-206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes in rodents are associated with increased islet blood flow. If this is important for modulation of the endocrine function is at present unknown. We evaluated if glucosamine infusion, which induces peripheral insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, could be used to acutely increase islet blood flow. We infused anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats for 2 h with glucosamine (6 mg/kg body weight), in some cases followed by glucose administration. The former induced a 2-fold increase in serum insulin concentrations while plasma glucose remained unchanged. In vitro an augmented insulin response to hyperglycemia and decreased insulin content in batch type islet incubations with glucosamine for 24 h were seen. After 2 h glucosamine exposure in vitro, insulin release was decreased. In vivo glucosamine infusion increased islet blood flow, without affecting other regional blood flow values. Glucose increased islet blood flow to the same extent in control and glucosamine-infused rats. When exposed to 10 mmol/L glucosamine arterioles of isolated perfused islets showed a 10% dilation of their vascular smooth muscle. Thus, application of this model leads to acute hyperinsulinemia in vivo but a decreased insulin release in vitro, which suggests that effects not located to beta cells are responsible for the effects seen in vivo. An increased islet blood flow in previously healthy animals was also seen after glucose administration, which can be used to further dissect the importance of blood flow changes in islet function.
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| 23. |
- Gouveia-Figueira, Sandra, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma levels of the endocannabinoid anandamide, related N-acylethanolamines and linoleic acid-derived oxylipins in patients with migraine
- 2017
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Ingår i: Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids. - : Elsevier BV. - 0952-3278 .- 1532-2823. ; 120, s. 15-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is evidence that patients with migraine have deficient levels of the endogenous cannabinoid receptor ligand anandamide (AEA). It is not known, however, if this is a localised or generalised phenomenon. In the present study, levels of AEA, related N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) and linoleic acid-derived oxylipins have been measured in the blood of 26 healthy women and 38 women with migraine (26 with aura, 12 without aura) who were matched for age and body-mass index. Blood samples were taken on two occasions: the first sample near the start of the menstrual cycle (when present) and the second approximately fourteen days later. For a subset of migraine patients, two additional blood samples were taken, one during a migraine attack and one approximately 1 month later (to be at the same stage in the menstrual cycle, when present). NAEs and oxylipins were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Twenty-nine lipids were quantified, of which 16 were found to have a high reproducibility of measurement. There were no significant differences in the levels of AEA, the related NAEs stearoylethanolamide and oleoylethanolamide or any of the nine linoleic acid derived oxylipins measured either between migraine patients with vs. without aura, or between controls and migraine patients (after stratification to take into account whether or not the individuals had regular menstruation cycles) in either of the first two samples. Levels of linoleoylethanolamide were lower in the patients with vs. without aura on the second sample but not in the first sample, but the biological importance of this fording is unclear. Due to time-dependent increases in their concentrations ex vivo prior to centrifugation, AEA and oleoylethanolamide levels in the samples collected during migraine attacks were not analysed, but for the other fourteen lipids, there were no significant differences in plasma concentrations during migraine vs. one month later. It is concluded that migraine is not associated with a generalised (as opposed to localised) deficiency in these lipids.
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| 24. |
- Hagberg-Persson, Barbro, 1950-
(författare)
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Barns mångfaldiga språkresurser i mötet med skolan
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation investigates language proficiency in children aged 6–8 in their contact with school – both from an oral and written language perspective. The study is predicated on the current situation in Sweden, where school classes today have a more heterogeneous composition than ever before. This means that the focus of this study is not just on the age and sex of the children but also on their different language backgrounds. The aim of the dissertation is to map out the development of the oral and written proficiency of both monolingual and bilingual children at the beginning of school, individually and in groups. This study belongs in essence to the field of research known as qualitative school ethnography. Material for the study was gathered during a single school year in a school located in a mid-sized Swedish town. To examine the children’s language proficiency, three different analytical instruments were combined to produce more reliable results. The results show that the children’s Swedish proficiency varies in a similar way across the group of informants regardless of language background. With respect to the bilingual children’s proficiency in their mother tongue/first language, the results show that only one child had command in a language other than Swedish that was sufficient for his age. The study confirms that a monolingual norm prevails in the school that the study was carried out in, which means that it is no different than other Swedish schools for which previous studies mapped out language relations. The results also show that the children’s different language backgrounds do not affect the interaction pattern during small group activities; however, the age and sex of the children do. The results further show that the choice of small group activities and the formation of heterogeneous small groups allow the children the opportunity to solve tasks in which they can support each other and benefit from each other’s different competencies.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Hildingsson, Ingegerd, et al.
(författare)
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Support interventions to reduce psychological distress in families experiencing stillbirth in high income countries : a systematic review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Women and Birth. - : Elsevier. - 1871-5192 .- 1878-1799. ; 37:2, s. 296-302
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Previous research indicates disparities in the care of bereaved parents and siblings following a stillbirth in the family. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of interventions aimed at reducing psychological distress among parents or siblings in high-income countries after experiencing a stillbirth.Methods: The databases CINAHL, Medline, PsycInfo, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were searched in August 2022.Results: Four intervention studies from the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), Finland, and Australia, met the inclusion criteria. The interventions comprised a perinatal grief support team; a perinatal counselling service; a grief support program; and a support package including contacts with peer supporters and health care staff. No studies of interventions for siblings were found. The results could not be synthesised due to disparities in interventions and outcome measures. The risk of bias was assessed as high in all four studies and the certainty for all outcomes was rated as very low.Conclusion: More controlled trials with rigorous methods are needed to evaluate the effect of bereavement support interventions in parents and siblings after stillbirth. Future studies should include a core outcome set to make them more comparable. Most of the studies in this review were assessed to have an overall high risk of bias, mainly due to problems with missing outcome data; thus, future studies could specifically target this problem.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Hindsén, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen induced by drug-contaminated personal objects
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of American Academy of Dermatology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0190-9622. ; 50:2, s. 215-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen has been recognized since the mid-1980s. Skin reactions have been reported to continue weeks after discontinuation of ketoprofen. One reason for this could be residual ketoprofen in the skin, which has been shown in a skin biopsy specimen. Objective: We sought to report on 3 cases of photoallergic contact dermatitis from ketoprofen in topical anti-inflammatory gels and on relapses of dermatitis appearing after use of ketoprofen-contaminated objects. Methods: We patch and photopatch tested, with standard series, the anti-inflammatory gel, ketoprofen, and its ingredients in serial dilutions and extracts of personal objects. We performed chemical investigations of personal objects with thin-layer chromatography, high-pressure liquid chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results: Photoallergy was demonstrated to ketoprofen, which was detected in personal objects. Conclusion: Relapses of photoallergic contact dermatitis in patients photoallergic to ketoprofen can be induced by ketoprofen-contaminated objects such as bandages and slippers.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Hosseini Maaf, Bahram, et al.
(författare)
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Structural basis for red cell phenotypic changes in newly identified, naturally occurring subgroup mutants of the human blood group B glycosyltransferase.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Transfusion. - : Wiley. - 1537-2995 .- 0041-1132. ; 47:5, s. 864-875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Four amino-acid-changing polymorphisms differentiate the blood group A and B alleles. Multiple missense mutations are associated with weak expression of A and B antigens but the structural changes causing subgroups have not been studied. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Individuals or families having serologically weak B antigen on their red cells were studied. Alleles were characterized by sequencing of exons 1 through 7 in the ABO gene. Single crystal X-ray diffraction, three-dimensional-structure molecular modeling, and enzyme kinetics showed the effects of the B allele mutations on the glycosyltransferases. RESULTS: Seven unrelated individuals with weak B phenotypes possessed seven different B alleles, five of which are new and result in substitution of highly conserved amino acids: M189V, I192T, F216I, D262N, and A268T. One of these (F216I) was due to a hybrid allele resulting from recombination between B and O-1v alleles. The two other alleles were recently described in other ethnic groups and result in V175M and L232P. The first crystal-structure determination (A268T) of a subgroup glycosyltransferase and molecular modeling (F216I, D262N, L232P) indicated conformational changes in the enzyme that could explain the diminished enzyme activity. The effect of three mutations could not be visualized since they occur in a disordered loop. CONCLUSION: The genetic background for B-w phenotypes is very heterogeneous but usually arises through seemingly random missense mutations throughout the last ABO exon. The targeted amino acid residues, however, are well conserved during evolution. Based on analysis of the resulting structural changes in the glycosyltransferase, the mutations are likely to disrupt molecular bonds of importance for enzymatic function.
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| 31. |
- Jansson, Tomas, et al.
(författare)
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Ultrasound Doppler Vector Tomography - Measurements of Directional Blood Flow
- 1997
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Ingår i: Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. - 0301-5629. ; 23:1, s. 47-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An experimental system has been developed to verify the possibility of detecting flow activity using a technique called ultrasound Doppler vector tomography. A tomography algorithm is used to reconstruct blood flow vector fields using data from computer-controlled ultrasound continuous-wave Doppler scanning equipment. The result is a picture in which the brightness variations represent the reconstructed values of the curl of the velocity field (del x v). Continuous ultrasound is transmitted into a region with flow activity and the Doppler-shifted signals are received. To obtain measurement data suited for fan beam tomography, the scanning is performed in a plane from points encircling the region. Reconstructions have been achieved using measurement data from two different flow phantoms. A comparison between the experimental results and simulations shows good conformity. Copyright (C) 1997 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
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| 32. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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| 33. |
- Katsivalis, Ioannis, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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Strength analysis and failure prediction of thin tow-based discontinuous composites
- 2024
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Ingår i: Composites Science And Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tow Based Discontinuous Composites (TBDCs) are a new class of composite materials which combine in-plane isotropy, high strength and stiffness and enhanced manufacturability. However, due to their complicated micro-architecture, characterising the performance of these materials and predicting their response is challenging. This work develops a complete experimental and analytical framework which identifies all the key properties in the performance of the TBDCs, characterises them experimentally and builds an analytical predictive tool for both the stiffness response and the strength of the TBDC material. Fractography is also utilised to identify the damage mechanisms and correlate them with the analytical predictions. A parametric study is developed which shows the critical effect that the tape thickness and mode II fracture toughness have on the TBDCs. Finally, the performance of the material is compared to similarly developed TBDCs from the literature and shows the significant strength and stiffness increases recorded through the combination of the thin high-modulus tapes and the increased fibre volume fractions.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Kurtsdotter, Idha, et al.
(författare)
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SOX5/6/21 prevent oncogene-driven transformation of brain stem cells
- 2017
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Ingår i: Cancer Research. - 0008-5472 .- 1538-7445. ; 77:18, s. 4985-4997
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molecular mechanisms preventing self-renewing brain stem cells from oncogenic transformation are poorly defined. We show that the expression levels of SOX5, SOX6, and SOX21 (SOX5/6/21) transcription factors increase in stem cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ) upon oncogenic stress, whereas their expression in human glioma decreases during malignant progression. Elevated levels of SOX5/6/21 promoted SVZ cells to exit the cell cycle, whereas genetic ablation of SOX5/6/21 dramatically increased the capacity of these cells to form glioma-like tumors in an oncogene-driven mouse brain tumor model. Loss-of-function experiments revealed that SOX5/6/21 prevent detrimental hyperproliferation of oncogene expressing SVZ cells by facilitating an antiproliferative expression profile. Consistently, restoring high levels of SOX5/6/21 in human primary glioblastoma cells enabled expression of CDK inhibitors and decreased p53 protein turnover, which blocked their tumorigenic capacity through cellular senescence and apoptosis. Altogether, these results provide evidence that SOX5/6/21 play a central role in driving a tumor suppressor response in brain stem cells upon oncogenic insult.
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| 36. |
- Lai, Enyin, et al.
(författare)
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Blood lipids affect rat islet blood flow regulation through beta(3)-adrenoceptors
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 307:8, s. E653-E663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic islet blood perfusion varies according to the needs for insulin secretion. We examined the effects of blood lipids on pancreatic islet blood flow in anesthetized rats. Acute administration of Intralipid to anesthetized rats increased both triglycerides and free fatty acids, associated with a simultaneous increase in total pancreatic and islet blood flow. A preceding abdominal vagotomy markedly potentiated this and led acutely to a 10-fold increase in islet blood flow associated with a similar increase in serum insulin concentrations. The islet blood flow and serum insulin response could be largely prevented by pretreatment with propranolol and the selective beta(3)-adrenergic inhibitor SR-59230A. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester prevented the blood flow increase but was less effective in reducing serum insulin. Increased islet blood flow after Intralipid administration was also seen in islet and whole pancreas transplanted rats, i.e., models with different degrees of chronic islet denervation, but the effect was not as pronounced. In isolated vascularly perfused single islets Intralipid dilated islet arterioles, but this was not affected by SR-59230A. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are important for the coordination of islet blood flow and insulin release during hyperlipidemia, with a previously unknown role for beta(3)-adrenoceptors.
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| 37. |
- Lassi, Monica, et al.
(författare)
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Rapportering av projektet Forskares behov av lagringslösningar för forskningsdata – ett samarbete mellan SNIC, SND, SUNET, Chalmers tekniska högskola och Örebro universitet
- 2022
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Rapport (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det svenska e-infrastrukturlandskapet är fragmenterat och trots rekommendationer från beslutsfattare så ökar fragmenteringen. De nationella aktörer som har uppdrag och/eller mandat som rör forskningsdata är främst SNIC, SND, och Sunet. Dessa aktörer tillhandahåller tjänster och stöd till forskare under olika delar av forskningsdatalivscykeln. På grund av de oklara mandat och uppdrag som råder nationellt, så finns förväntningar på de olika aktörerna som inte går att uppfylla. Ett exempel är lagring av forskningsdata, såväl aktiva som inaktiva. Svenska forskare är del av ett globalt forskarsamhälle, och tar därigenom del av en mängd internationella infrastrukturer, verktyg, och sammanhang. I och med den implementeringsfas som EOSC gått in i, så behöver svensk e-infrastruktur vara interoperabel med de internationellt tillgängliga tjänster som svenska forskare använder.Exakt vilka behov som finns hos svenska forskare, och vem som har ansvar för att svara upp mot behoven, är oklart i många frågor. Det infrastrukturella stöd som forskare behöver för att hantera forskningsdata under hela datalivscykeln, med välfungerande gränssnitt mellan nationella och internationella aktörers e-infrastrukturlösningar finns i vissa fall och är i andra fall fragmenterat. För att komma vidare i utvecklingen av sammanhållet stöd för forskare, formerades under 2021 ett nationellt samarbete inom verksamhetsarkitektur för forskningsdataområdet, med syfte att ta fram ett gemensamt bildspråk, visualisera ett mycket komplext område, och att konkretisera krav, villkor, juridiska ramverk, styrdokument etc. som påverkar forskningsdatahantering.Projektet som rapporteras här fokuserade på vad forskare behöver ha för att forskningsdata ska hanteras på ett högkvalitativt sätt och vilket infrastrukturellt stöd forskarna i detta. Projektet fokuserade på helheten i datahanteringen, vad som finns på plats på nationell nivå och vad som behöver åtgärdas. Angreppsättet var verksamhetsarkitekturellt, som med Vintergatan som metod. En grundkarta för forskningsdataområdet, framtagen inom ett tidigare verksamhetsarkitekturellt projekt på Lunds universitet, låg till grund för projektet.Denna rapport beskriver resultaten av ett projekt där ett verksamhetsarkitekturellt angreppssätt har använts för att förstå, utforska och beskriva forskares praktiker och behov av stöd i sitt arbete med forskningsdatahantering, och särskilt datalagring. Här beskriver vi rapporten för dig som läser, så att du kan välja de delar som du finner mest intressanta och relevanta för just dig, just nu. Vår ambition har varit att ta fram ett rikt material som kan leva vidare, byggas på, revideras, förkastas, byggas upp på nytt utifrån nya resultat, och så vidare.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Lundh, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Oral provocation of patients allergic to sesquiterpene lactones with German chamomile tea to demonstrate possible systemic allergic dermatitis
- 2020
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 83:1, s. 8-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Most patients with contact allergy to Asteraceae plants are patch test positive to sesquiterpene lactone mix (SLM). There are several reports among these patients of a flare-up of hand eczema after ingestion of food and beverages originating from Asteraceae plants. Aim: To investigate whether German chamomile tea can elicit systemic allergic dermatitis. Patients and Methods: Individuals with or without contact allergy to SLM were patch tested with an extract of German chamomile tea. Six weeks later, they were provoked with capsules containing either freeze-dried German chamomile tea or placebo capsules containing lactose, in a double-blind, randomized study. A numerical rating scale (NRS) was used to ascertain the volunteers' opinion of their hand eczema status. The study individuals were examined to detect a possible flare-up of healed patch test reactions to chamomile. Results: None of the subjects had a flare-up of healed patch test reactions. According to the NRS, SLM-positive individuals experienced a significant worsening of hand eczema, independently of whether they received chamomile or lactose capsules. Conclusion: No evidence suggestive of systemic allergic dermatitis was found.
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| 40. |
- Lundh, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Patch testing with thin-layer chromatograms of chamomile tea in patients allergic to sesquiterpene lactones.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Contact Dermatitis. - : Wiley. - 0105-1873 .- 1600-0536. ; 57:4, s. 218-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Patients with contact allergy to sesquiterpene lactones (SLs) are usually hypersensitive to Asteraceae plant products such as herbal teas. The objective of this study was to show sensitizers in chamomile tea by patch testing with thin-layer chromatograms. Tea made from German chamomile was separated by thin-layer chromatography. Strips of the thin-layer chromatograms were used for patch testing SL-positive patients. 15 (43%) of 35 patients tested positively to 1 or more spots on the thin-layer chromatogram, with many individual reaction patterns. Patch testing with thin-layer chromatograms of German chamomile tea showed the presence of several allergens.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Maraste, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Long-term follow-up and consequences for severe road traffic injuries - treatment costs and health impairment in Sweden in the 1960s and the 1990s
- 2003
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Ingår i: Health Policy. - 1872-6054. ; 66:2, s. 147-158
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this study is to provide information from two prospective long-term follow-ups for severe road traffic injuries in Sweden. The long-term consequences, in terms of loss of health and costs of care, are presented for severe injuries in Sweden in the early 1990s and are compared with information on injury severity and health care utilisation 25 years ago. The follow-up in the 1990s show that, I year after the accident 38%, of the non-fatal adults were suffering of some functional disability, pain and distress. Adults suffering from long-term loss of health decreased to 23% on average 3.7 years after the accident. The average health care cost was estimated to SEK46 200 (in 1995 prices), and the average in-patient care was 10 days. However, when also including subsequent expected life-long care for three severely injured patients, the average incidence-based health care cost was estimated to SEK100 300. In the 4-5 year follow-up 25 years ago, severe traffic injuries were treated on average 21 days in hospital and 38% of the adults were still suffering from long-term physical effects. Conclusions to be drawn are that treatment in hospital of severe traffic injuries has shortened by half and long-term consequences have not been worsened. Our results indicate that long-term effects do not cause as serious loss of health nowadays as they did 25 years ago. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 43. |
- Möller, Fáll Helgi, et al.
(författare)
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Angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 augments the effect of repeated arterial ischemia on growth but does not affect take in a rat liver tumor model
- 1997
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Ingår i: Anticancer research. - 0250-7005. ; 17:4 A, s. 2401-2406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Transient hepatic arterial occlusion causes necrosis in solid hepatic tumors in the rat, but regrowth of tumor cells and capillaries takes place from the tumor periphery. It was therefore considered of interest to combine this treatment with the angiogenesis inhibitor TNP-470 (therapeutic model). Wistar rats with a dimethylhydrazine-induced adenocarcinoma implanted into the liver received one of the following treatments: TNP-470 + transient hepatic ischemia, transient hepatic ischemia alone, TNP-470 alone or sham solution alone. Rats were sacrificed one week after the start of treatment. In addition, we investigated if TNP-470 decreases the risk of tumor take in the liver after intraportal injection of viable tumor cells (adjuvant study). Transient hepatic ischemia combined with TNP-470 gave a smaller increase in tumor volume than transient hepatic ischemia (p < 0.01), TNP-470 (p < 0.001) alone or no treatment (p < 0.001). Transient hepatic ischemia or TNP-470 caused a significant suppression of tumor growth when compared to controls (p < 0.01 in both cases). In the adjuvant study, TNP-470 caused retardation of tumor growth (p < 0.01 as compared to controls) but did not affect tumor number. It is concluded that TNP-470 suppressed tumor growth, both alone and in combination with transient hepatic ischemia, but did not affect take of tumor.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Okhiria, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Longitudinal data on speech outcomes in internationally adopted children compared with non-adopted children with cleft lip and palate
- 2023
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Ingår i: International journal of language and communication disorders. - : Wiley. - 1368-2822 .- 1460-6984. ; 58:5, s. 1440-1453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundAt the beginning of the 21st century, international adoptions of children with cleft lip and/or palate increased dramatically in Sweden. Many children arrived partially or totally unoperated, despite being at an age when palatoplasty has usually been performed. To date, the speech development of internationally adopted (IA) children has been described up to age 7-8 years, but later development remains unstudied. AimsTo investigate speech development between ages 5 and 10 years in children born with cleft lip and palate (CLP) adopted from China and to compare them with non-adopted (NA) children with CLP. A secondary aim was to compare the frequencies of secondary palatal surgery and number of visits to a speech and language pathologist (SLP) between the groups. Methods & ProceduresIn a longitudinal study, 23 IA children from China were included and matched with 23 NA children born in Sweden. Experienced SLPs blindly reassessed audio recordings from routine follow-ups at ages 5 and 10 years. Velopharyngeal function (VPF) was assessed with the composite score for velopharyngeal competence (VPC-Sum) for single words and rated on a three-point scale (VPC-Rate) in sentence repetition. Target sounds in words and sentences were phonetically transcribed. Per cent correct consonants (PCC) were calculated at word and sentence levels. For in-depth analyses, articulation errors were divided into cleft speech characteristics (CSCs), developmental speech characteristics (DSCs) and s-errors. Information on secondary palatal surgery and number of visits to an SLP was collected. Outcomes & ResultsVPF differed significantly between the groups at both ages when assessed with VPC-Sum, but not with VPC-Rate. Regardless of the method for assessing VPF, a similar proportion in both groups had incompetent VPF but fewer IA than NA children had competent VPF at both ages. IA children had lower PCC at both ages at both word and sentence levels. More IA children had CSCs, DSCs and s-errors at age 5 years, and CSCs and s-errors at age 10. The development of PCC was significant in both groups between ages 5 and 10 years. The proportion of children receiving secondary palatal surgery did not differ significantly between the groups, nor did number of SLP visits. Conclusions & ImplicationsCSCs were more persistent in IA children than in NA children at age 10 years. Interventions should target both cleft and DSCs, be comprehensive and continue past the pre-school years. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDSWhat is already known on this subjectAt the beginning of the 21st century, IA children with cleft lip and/or palate arrived in Sweden partially or totally unoperated, despite being at an age when palatoplasty has usually been performed. Studies up to age 7-8 years show that adopted children, compared with NA peers, have poorer articulation skills, demonstrate both cleft-related and developmental articulation errors, and are more likely to have velopharyngeal incompetence. Several studies also report that adopted children more often require secondary palatal surgery due to fistulas, dehiscence or velopharyngeal incompetence compared with NA peers. What this paper adds to existing knowledgeThis longitudinal study provides additional knowledge based on longer follow-ups than previous studies. It shows that the proportion of children assessed to have incompetent VPF was similar among IA and NA children. It was no significant difference between the groups regarding the proportion that received secondary palatal surgery. However, fewer IA children were assessed to have a competent VPF. Developmental articulation errors have ceased in most IA and all NA children at age 10 years, but significantly more adopted children than NA children still have cleft-related articulation errors. What are the potential or actual clinical implications of this work?Speech and language therapy should target both cleft-related and developmental articulation errors. When needed, treatment must be initiated early, comprehensive, and continued past the pre-school years, not least for adopted children.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Persson, Johanna, 1980-
(författare)
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Birch xylan modification by lactide grafting
- 2012
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The wood based biorefinery concept has led to an increasing interest in the possibility of using hemicelluloses as a source for value added products. Hemicelluloses are dissolved in large amounts in the process liquor during kraft pulping. In particular, hardwood 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan (xylan) has been shown to be highly stable towards the harsh conditions used in kraft pulping procedures and it can therefore be isolated with intact polymeric features. Xylan is the most abundant hemicellulose found in plant cells and this makes it very interesting as a novel biorefinery product. Some of the challenges of utilizing xylan in value-added applications lie in its lack of both film-forming ability and thermal processability. Chemical modification of the hardwood hemicellulose is one way to overcome these weaknesses. In this work, birch xylan, isolated from a kraft cooking liquor, has been modified by grafting with lactide. Only a small degree of modification was sufficient to give a film-forming ability. Thin films of the modified xylan had a tensile strength of up to 48 MPa. The lactide-grafted xylan also had properties suitable for thermal processing. The grafting was achieved by ring-opening polymerization of lactide onto the xylan backbone. Two different catalysts were employed: stannous octoate and triazabicyclodecene. With stannous octoate, the xylan could be modified into lactidegrafted xylan with oligolactide branches. By optimizing the synthesis procedure with triazabicyclodecene as catalyst, the yield was almost quantitative. This also enabled polylactide-graft-xylan copolymers with a specific branch length to be produced.
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