| 1. |
- Allentoft, Morten E., et al.
(författare)
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Population genomics of post-glacial western Eurasia
- 2024
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Ingår i: Nature. - 0028-0836 .- 1476-4687. ; 625:7994, s. 301-311
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Western Eurasia witnessed several large-scale human migrations during the Holocene1–5. Here, to investigate the cross-continental effects of these migrations, we shotgun-sequenced 317 genomes—mainly from the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods—from across northern and western Eurasia. These were imputed alongside published data to obtain diploid genotypes from more than 1,600 ancient humans. Our analyses revealed a ‘great divide’ genomic boundary extending from the Black Sea to the Baltic. Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were highly genetically differentiated east and west of this zone, and the effect of the neolithization was equally disparate. Large-scale ancestry shifts occurred in the west as farming was introduced, including near-total replacement of hunter-gatherers in many areas, whereas no substantial ancestry shifts happened east of the zone during the same period. Similarly, relatedness decreased in the west from the Neolithic transition onwards, whereas, east of the Urals, relatedness remained high until around 4,000 bp, consistent with the persistence of localized groups of hunter-gatherers. The boundary dissolved when Yamnaya-related ancestry spread across western Eurasia around 5,000 bp, resulting in a second major turnover that reached most parts of Europe within a 1,000-year span. The genetic origin and fate of the Yamnaya have remained elusive, but we show that hunter-gatherers from the Middle Don region contributed ancestry to them. Yamnaya groups later admixed with individuals associated with the Globular Amphora culture before expanding into Europe. Similar turnovers occurred in western Siberia, where we report new genomic data from a ‘Neolithic steppe’ cline spanning the Siberian forest steppe to Lake Baikal. These prehistoric migrations had profound and lasting effects on the genetic diversity of Eurasian populations.
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| 2. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Lars M, et al.
(författare)
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En man med många talanger
- 2002
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Ingår i: På historiens slagfält. En festskrift tillägnad Sverker Oredsson. - Uppsala : Sisyfos. - 9163131048 ; , s. 19-23
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 4. |
- Ekblom Bak, Elin, 1981-, et al.
(författare)
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Accelerometer derived physical activity and subclinical coronary and carotid atherosclerosis : cross-sectional analyses in 22 703 middle-aged men and women in the SCAPIS study
- 2023
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 13:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim included investigation of the associations between sedentary (SED), low-intensity physical activity (LIPA), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) and the prevalence of subclinical atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids and the estimated difference in prevalence by theoretical reallocation of time in different PA behaviours.DESIGN: Cross-sectional.SETTING: Multisite study at university hospitals.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 670 participants without cardiovascular disease (51% women, 57.4 years, SD 4.3) from the population-based Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage study were included. SED, LIPA and MVPA were assessed by hip-worn accelerometer.PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOMES: Any and significant subclinical coronary atherosclerosis (CA), Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS) and carotid atherosclerosis (CarA) were derived from imaging data from coronary CT angiography and carotid ultrasound.RESULTS: High daily SED (>70% ≈10.5 hours/day) associated with a higher OR 1.44 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.91), for significant CA, and with lower OR 0.77 (95% CI 0.63 to 0.95), for significant CarA. High LIPA (>55% ≈8 hours/day) associated with lower OR for significant CA 0.70 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.96), and CACS, 0.71 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.97), but with higher OR for CarA 1.41 (95% CI 1.12 to 1.76). MVPA above reference level, >2% ≈20 min/day, associated with lower OR for significant CA (OR range 0.61-0.67), CACS (OR range 0.71-0.75) and CarA (OR range 0.72-0.79). Theoretical replacement of 30 min of SED into an equal amount of MVPA associated with lower OR for significant CA, especially in participants with high SED 0.84 (95% CI 0.76 to 0.96) or low MVPA 0.51 (0.36 to 0.73).CONCLUSIONS: MVPA was associated with a lower risk for significant atherosclerosis in both coronaries and carotids, while the association varied in strength and direction for SED and LIPA, respectively. If causal, clinical implications include avoiding high levels of daily SED and low levels of MVPA to reduce the risk of developing significant subclinical atherosclerosis.
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| 5. |
- Mischak, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Implementation of proteomic biomarkers : making it work
- 2012
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Investigation. - : Wiley. - 0014-2972 .- 1365-2362. ; 42:9, s. 1027-1036
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- While large numbers of proteomic biomarkers have been described, they are generally not implemented in medical practice. We have investigated the reasons for this shortcoming, focusing on hurdles downstream of biomarker verification, and describe major obstacles and possible solutions to ease valid biomarker implementation. Some of the problems lie in suboptimal biomarker discovery and validation, especially lack of validated platforms with well-described performance characteristics to support biomarker qualification. These issues have been acknowledged and are being addressed, raising the hope that valid biomarkers may start accumulating in the foreseeable future. However, successful biomarker discovery and qualification alone does not suffice for successful implementation. Additional challenges include, among others, limited access to appropriate specimens and insufficient funding, the need to validate new biomarker utility in interventional trials, and large communication gaps between the parties involved in implementation. To address this problem, we propose an implementation roadmap. The implementation effort needs to involve a wide variety of stakeholders (clinicians, statisticians, health economists, and representatives of patient groups, health insurance, pharmaceutical companies, biobanks, and regulatory agencies). Knowledgeable panels with adequate representation of all these stakeholders may facilitate biomarker evaluation and guide implementation for the specific context of use. This approach may avoid unwarranted delays or failure to implement potentially useful biomarkers, and may expedite meaningful contributions of the biomarker community to healthcare.
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| 6. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - 1103-9000.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
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| 7. |
- Palm, Ola, et al.
(författare)
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Läget inom markbaserad avloppsvattenrening : Samlad kunskap kring reningstekniker för små och enskilda avlopp
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den bild av situationen i Sverige som kommer fram genom bl.a. detta projekt är att tillämpningen av den nu gällande lagstiftningen och det allmänna rådet NFS 2006:7 skiljer sig avsevärt mellan såväl olika län som kommuner. Bristen på direktiv från i första hand Naturvårdsverket, Boverket och nu också den nya Havs och Vattenmyndigheten (HaV) gör att tillämpningen av de regler och föreskrifter som finns sker på ett högst skiftande sätt. Behovet av en helhetssyn inom detta område framstår som en mycket angelägen uppgift för ansvariga myndigheter. Denna helhetssyn bör beakta ekonomiska, miljömässiga, juridiska och organisatoriska aspekter.Sveriges miljölagstiftning (Miljöbalken) med tillhörande författningar innebär i huvudsak att småskaliga avlopp skall värna om recipientskydd, hälsoskydd och resurshushållning. Styrgruppen gör den generella bedömningen att markbaserade reningsanläggningar, förutsatt att de är rätt lokaliserade och byggda enligt de tidigare anvisningarna från Naturvårdsverket, ger en god resurshushållning och tillräckligt miljö- och hälsoskydd. Vissa frågetecken som bl. a berör recipientskydd och fosforutsläpp liksom kväveutsläpp och nitratpåverkan på framför allt grundvatten behöver dock rätas ut.Det är relativt vanligt att brunnar visar spår av mikrobiell påverkan särskilt inom tättbebyggda områden. Sådan påverkan kan många gånger kopplas till felaktig placering (alltför nära grundvatten) eller utformning av anläggningar (t.ex. anläggningar saknar rening efter slamavskiljning). Men sådana problem kan ibland också kopplas till ytvattenpåverkan och felaktig utformning av brunnar. De flesta markbaserade anläggningar som byggs i Sverige är självfallsanläggningar, vilket i många fall leder till att infiltrationsanläggningen inte hamnar tillräckligt grunt med tanke på risken för hög grundvattennivå. Denna praxis grundades i Sverige under 1970- och 1980-talen. Härefter har information om utförande av grunt förlagda infiltrationer och vid behov med hjälp av pumpbeskickning spridits genom konferenser, kurser och utbildningar liksom av tillverkare inom branschen. I Norge utvecklades kompetens och teknik i det så kallade NAT programmet, vilket ledde fram till att man där nu har en annan praxis än Sverige. Den norska modellen kännetecknas av att bygga anläggningar så ytligt som möjligt och att använda pump för beskickningen. I Norge är avloppsanläggningarna också dimensionerade efter en betydligt lägre belastning än i Sverige. I Sverige har vi även krav på ett minsta vertikalt avstånd på 100 cm mellan infiltrationsyta och grundvattenyta. Detta kan vara svårbedömt i praktiken eftersom grundvattenytan i Sverige är hög och växlande. Dessutom höjs grundvattenytan i samband med användning av det markbaserade reningssystemet.Den hydrauliska livslängden hos markbaserade reningssystem bedöms vara upp till 30 till 40 år. Tillförlitliga underlag saknas dock, varför denna bedömning bör användas med försiktighet. Så länge bädden släpper igenom vatten finns ingen anledning att utgå från att den biologiska funktionen (dvs. eduktion av smittämnen, BOD, och kväve) är försämrad. Tvärtom så föreligger ofta ett omvänt förhållande mellan biologisk reningseffekt och hydraulisk kapacitet.För den kemiska funktionen (avskiljning av fosfor) krävs att den biologiska reningen fungerar väl. Den kemiska funktionen avtar dock med tiden. Hur snabbt beror på en mängd förhållanden där framför allt belastning och volym jord som deltar vid inbindningen av fosfor har betydelse. För närvarande saknas bra metodik för att värdera en enskild markbädds eller infiltrations reningskapacitet avseende framför allt fosfor. Metodik och praktiska råd för bedömning av befintliga bäddars reningsfunktion bör utvecklas. Tillsvidare föreslår styrgruppen att markbaserade reningssystem som fungerar hydrauliskt inte bör åtgärdas. Detta såtillvida det inte finns skäl att misstänka att systemet t.ex. förorenar dricksvattentäkter.Vid uppförande av nya anläggningar bör gällande rekommendationer alltid följas. Det minsta skyddsavståndet på 100 cm till högsta grundvattennivån skall alltid uppnås, vilket innebär att pumpbeskickning blir vanligare. Framtida infiltrationsanläggningar bör byggas så att avloppsvattnet infiltreras i smala diken och inte i en bädd. Styrgruppen anser också att norsk praxis borde kunna fungera bättre än den svenska. En annan viktig funktion är luftningen av biohuden/infiltrationsbädden. Vad gäller slamtömningen i Sverige så sker denna i dagsläget normalt en gång per år. För att minska onödiga transporter och kostsam hantering av slam bör Sverige överväga behovsanpassad tömning likt exempel från Norge.Forskningen är samstämmig när det gäller markbaserade reningssystems goda förmåga att reducera bakterier och parasiter. Även virus avskiljs i hög grad, men på grund av sin ringa storlek finns risk för att de kan ta sig igenom biohud och mark. För att rätt bedöma och kontrollera virus behövs ytterligare forskning. Reduktionen av läkemedel och organiska miljöfrämmande ämnen kan förväntas vara minst lika bra i markbaserade reningssystem eller till och med betydligt bättre jämfört med kommunala avloppsreningsverk.Genom att kombinera markbaserade reningssystem med klosettvattensortering, urinsortering eller kemisk fällning finns möjligheter till återvinning av näringsämnen – en möjlighet som annars inte finns för markbaserade reningssystem. Med separat hantering av klosettvatten kan BDT-vatten med fördel omhändertas med markbaserad teknik.
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| 8. |
- Persson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Strategy for predicting railway-induced vibrations in buildings
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future. ; , s. 2098-2109
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Urban densification is a way of accommodating population growth. Land adjacent to railways is used for constructing residences and other buildings, and new tramway systems are planned. Under these circumstances, nearby buildings will be exposed to vibrations and noise that may become a nuisance for the residents. It is necessary, even at an early stage of planning, to assess the extent of the vibrations and state requirements for the building in order to avoid costly changes at later stages. Ground vibration induced by railway traffic is studied in the paper. The aim is to develop a strategy for predicting vibrations in nearby buildings in an early stage of the building process. The strategy is based on that there is a fairly good knowledge of the properties of the ground and that some on-site vibration measurements are made. By combining these with finite-element analysis, the vibration level in typical buildings can be predicted. Design of building foundations and structural design can then be addressed. Field vibration measurements along railway tracks as well as at built-up areas have been carried out. Conclusions from the measurements and numerical simulations are discussed to establish a strategy for predicting railway-induced vibrations.
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| 9. |
- Andersen, Lars Vabbersgaard, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of foundation type and soil stratification on ground vibration - A parameter study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the INTER-NOISE 2016 - 45th International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: Towards a Quieter Future. ; , s. 7613-7622
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vibration of machinery and construction work are major sources of noise and vibration pollution in the urban environment. The frequencies dominating the vibration, and the distances over which it spreads via the ground, depend on the source. However, soil stratification and foundation type have a significant influence. Thus, in order to achieve fair accuracy in the prediction of ground vibration caused by sources vibrating on a foundation, accurate models of the ground and foundation may be required. However, for assessment of vibration in the design phase, simple models may be preferred. The paper provides a parameter study regarding the influence of soil stratification and foundation type on the ground vibration at different distances away from the source. Especially, vibration levels caused by sources placed on surface footings and piles are compared, employing a three-dimensional numerical model. Piles of different length are included in order to analyze the differences that can be expected regarding shaft-bearing and end-bearing piles. The paper provides insight into the significance of modelling the correct foundation structure and soil stratification and discusses the differences related to vibration near a source and at longer distances away from the source. Based on this, guidelines for model simplifications are given.
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| 10. |
- Andersen, Lars Vabbersgaard, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in models for simple dynamic structure–soil–structure interaction problems
- 2017
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Ingår i: Procedia Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7058. ; 199, s. 2306-2311
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- To account for dynamic cross-coupling of structures via the soil, a computational model must be accurate enough to provide the correct overall behaviour of the scattered wave field. However, simplicity is also important when a model should be used for design purposes, especially in the early design stages and feasibility studies. The paper addresses the accuracy of simple models in which an array of structures is simplified into blocks placed on the ground surface or embedded within the soil. Comparisons are made between models that account or do not account, in a proper manner, for the inertia and embedment of the structures. Especially, the limitations of simplified models are discussed regarding their capability to quantify the insertion loss accurately.
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| 11. |
- Andersson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Efficient nonlinear reduced order modeling for dynamic analysis of flat structures
- 2023
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Ingår i: Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0888-3270. ; 191
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present paper, strategies for reduced order modeling of geometrically nonlinear finite element models are investigated. Simulation-free, non-intrusive approaches are considered, which do not require access to the source code of a finite element program (e.g., proprietary knowledge). Our study focus on but is not restricted to flat structures. Reduction bases are generated using bending modes and the associated modal derivatives, which span the additional subspace needed for an adequate approximation of the geometrically nonlinear response. Moreover, the reduced nonlinear restoring forces are expressed as third order polynomials in modal coordinates. Consequently, the reduced systems can be effectively solved using time-integration schemes involving only the reduced coordinates. A bottleneck in the non-intrusive methods is typically the computational effort for precomputing the polynomial coefficients and generating the reduction basis. In this regard, we demonstrate that modal derivatives have several useful properties. In particular, the modal derivatives essentially provide all the information needed for generating the polynomial coefficients for the in-plane coordinates. For condensed systems, which ignores the inertia of the in-plane modes, we show that the modal derivatives can be used effectively for recovering the in-plane displacements. Based on these findings, we propose a methodology for generating reduced order models of geometrically nonlinear flat structures in a computationally efficient manner. Moreover, we demonstrate that the concepts extend also to curved structures. The modeling techniques are validated by means of numerical examples of solid beam models and continuously supported shell models. The computational efficiency of the proposed methodology is evaluated based on the number of static evaluations needed for identifying the polynomial coefficients, as compared to the state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, strategies for efficient time integration are discussed and evaluated.
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| 12. |
- Andersson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Model reduction for structures subjected to blast loading by use of dynamic substructuring
- 2020
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Ingår i: EURODYN 2020 - 11th International Conference on Structural Dynamics, Proceedings. - 2311-9020. - 9786188507210 ; 2, s. 2544-2564
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, strategies are developed to enable time-efficient models for structures subjected to blast loading, appropriate for use in a structural design process. Dynamic sub structuring is employed to obtain reduced models with localized nonlinearities, such as predefined plastic hinges in a beam column structure. The parts of the substructures that remains linear elastic are modeled by Ritz-vectors whereas parts with a nonlinear response are retained as physical degrees-of-freedom. Furthermore, a time-stepping method is presented that is shown to be suitable for reduced models including local and predefined rigid-plastic behavior. The proposed methodology is applied and demonstrated in a numerical example of a concrete frame structure. Both the well-established Craig-Bampton method and reduction bases enriched by so-called correction modes are evaluated. For the load case studied, it is shown that the standard Craig-Bampton technique is suitable for reducing the substructures. Furthermore, it is shown that only a few Ritz-vectors are needed to sufficiently describe the deformation of the structure. However, additional modes are needed to ensure an accurate representation of the interface forces between the substructures.
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| 13. |
- Andersson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced order modeling for the dynamic analysis of structures with nonlinear interfaces
- 2019
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Ingår i: COMPDYN 2019 - 7th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, Proceedings. - 2623-3347. - 9786188284470 ; 2, s. 2395-2406
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present paper, linear substructures with nonlinearities localized at their interfaces, such as the joints in a beam structure, are studied. By subdivision of the total structure into substructures, reduced subsystems are obtained by component mode synthesis. Nonlinear elements are introduced at supports or between substructures. A numerical example is presented where a beam subjected to blast loading is studied. The influence of the nonlinear behavior as well as the number of retained fixed-interface normal modes in the reduced subsystems are evaluated. The response is also compared to the response of equivalent single-degree-of-freedom systems, which are frequently employed in blast load design calculations. For the load cases studied, the displacement computed from an equivalent single-degree-of-freedom system correspond fairly well to the displacement given by a refined two-dimensional beam model, reduced by substructuring. In contrast, the shear force differs significantly due to that higher order modes are neglected in the single-degree-of-freedom system.
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| 14. |
- Andersson, Linus, et al.
(författare)
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Reduced order modeling of soft-body impact on glass panels
- 2022
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Ingår i: Engineering Structures. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-0296. ; 256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the paper, strategies for reduced order modeling of glass panels subjected to soft-body impact are developed by means of dynamic substructuring. The aim is to obtain accurate and computationally efficient models for prediction of the pre-failure elastic response. More specifically, a reduction basis for the subsystem representing the glass panel is established using correction modes, being fixed-interface component modes that considers loading on the substructure boundary. The soft-body impactor is effectively modeled by a nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom system, calibrated by experimental data. Furthermore, a simplified and computationally efficient modeling approach is proposed for the contact interaction between the glass panel and the impact body. An experimental campaign was carried out to validate the developed models. In particular, the glass strain was measured on simply supported monolithic glass panels subjected to soft-body impact. Additional impact tests were performed to determine the dynamic characteristics of the impactor. Moreover, a detailed numerical reference model was developed to evaluate the discrepancy between the experimental tests and the results provided by the reduced order models. The developed models show good agreement with the experimental results. For the studied load cases, it is shown that an accurate prediction of the pre-failure glass strain can be obtained by systems including only a few generalized degrees-of-freedom.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Björk, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamics of complex formation between biological and luminescent conjugated polyelectrolytes - a surface plasmon resonance study
- 2005
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Ingår i: Biosensors and Bioelectronics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-5663. ; 20:9, s. 1764-1771
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A water-soluble polythiophene, POWT, with zwitterionic peptide like side chains possess good characteristics for biosensor applications. The zwitterionic side chains of the polymer can couple to biomolecules via electrostatic and hydrogen bonding. This creates possibilities to imprint biomolecules to spin-coated polymer films with maintained functionality, and use the resulting matrix as a biosensor. Polymer-biomolecular interaction studies done with surface plasmon resonance (SPR) reveal a well performing sensor matrix with high affinity for DNA hybridizations as well as for protein detection. The responses are distinct and very specific. A directional dependence of antibodies binding to POWT layer has also been observed. The polymer films have also been characterized by optical methods. Emission and absorption measurements in different buffer systems confirm that the polymer matrix can undergo structural and conformational changes on surfaces. The dielectric function in the interval 300–800 nm of POWT is reported, based on variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry. This modeling reveals that a considerable amount of water is included in the material. The polymer layer possesses the characteristics needed for biochip applications and micro array techniques.
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| 17. |
- Breugem, Corstiaan, et al.
(författare)
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Prioritizing Cleft/Craniofacial Surgical Care after the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN. - 2169-7574. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is anticipated that in due course the burden of emergency care due to COVID-19 infected patients will reduce sufficiently to permit elective surgical procedures to recommence. Prioritizing cleft/craniofacial surgery in the already overloaded medical system will then become an issue. The European Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association, together with the European Cleft and Craniofacial Initiative for Equality in Care, performed a brief survey to capture a current snapshot during a rapidly evolving pandemic. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the 2242 participants who attended 1 of 3 recent international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Results: The respondents indicated that children with Robin sequence who were not responding to nonsurgical options should be treated as emergency cases. Over 70% of the respondents indicated that palate repair should be performed before the age of 15 months, an additional 22% stating the same be performed by 18 months. Placement of middle ear tubes, primary cleft lip surgery, alveolar bone grafting, and velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery also need prioritization. Children with craniofacial conditions such as craniosynostosis and increased intracranial pressure need immediate care, whilst children with craniosynostosis and associated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or proptosis need surgical care within 3 months of the typical timing. Craniosynostosis without signs of increased intracranial pressure needs correction before the age of 18 months. Conclusions: This survey indicates several areas of cleft and craniofacial conditions that need prioritization, but also certain areas where intervention is less urgent. We acknowledge that there will be differences in the post COVID-19 response according to circumstances and policies in individual countries.
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| 18. |
- Breugem, Corstiaan, et al.
(författare)
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Prioritizing Cleft/Craniofacial Surgical Care after the COVID-19 Pandemic
- 2020
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Ingår i: PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY-GLOBAL OPEN. - 2169-7574. ; 8:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: It is anticipated that in due course the burden of emergency care due to COVID-19 infected patients will reduce sufficiently to permit elective surgical procedures to recommence. Prioritizing cleft/craniofacial surgery in the already overloaded medical system will then become an issue. The European Cleft Palate Craniofacial Association, together with the European Cleft and Craniofacial Initiative for Equality in Care, performed a brief survey to capture a current snapshot during a rapidly evolving pandemic. Methods: A questionnaire was sent to the 2242 participants who attended 1 of 3 recent international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Results: The respondents indicated that children with Robin sequence who were not responding to nonsurgical options should be treated as emergency cases. Over 70% of the respondents indicated that palate repair should be performed before the age of 15 months, an additional 22% stating the same be performed by 18 months. Placement of middle ear tubes, primary cleft lipsurgery, alveolar bone grafting, and velopharyngeal insufficiency surgery also need prioritization. Children with craniofacial conditions such as craniosynostosis and increased intracranial pressure need immediate care, whilst children with craniosynostosis and associated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome or proptosis need surgical care within 3 months of the typical timing. Craniosynostosis without signs of increased intracranial pressure needs correction before the age of 18 months. Conclusions: This survey indicates several areas of cleft and craniofacial conditions that need prioritization, but also certain areas where intervention is less urgent. We acknowledge that there will be differences in the post COVID-19 response according to circumstances and policies in individual countries.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Friederich-Persson, Malou, et al.
(författare)
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Increased kidney metabolism as a pathway to kidney tissue hypoxia and damage : effects of triiodothyronine and dinitrophenol in normoglycemic rats.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. - New York, NY : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0065-2598 .- 2214-8019. - 9781461474111 - 9781461472568 ; 789, s. 9-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intrarenal tissue hypoxia is an acknowledged common pathway to end-stage renal disease in clinically common conditions associated with development of chronic kidney disease, such as diabetes and hypertension. In diabetic kidneys, increased oxygen metabolism mediated by mitochondrial uncoupling results in decreased kidney oxygen tension (PO2) and contributes to the development of diabetic nephropathy. The present study investigated whether increased intrarenal oxygen metabolism per se can cause intrarenal tissue hypoxia and kidney damage, independently of confounding factors such as hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were untreated or treated with either triiodothyronine (T3, 10 g/kg bw/day, subcutaneously for 10 days) or the mitochondria uncoupler dinitrophenol (DNP, 30 mg/kg bw/day, oral gavage for 14 days), after which in vivo kidney function was evaluated in terms of glomerular filtration rate (GFR, inulin clearance), renal blood flow (RBF, Transonic, PAH clearance), cortical PO2 (Clark-type electrodes), kidney oxygen consumption (QO2), and proteinuria. Administration of both T3 and DNP increased kidney QO2 and decreased PO2 which resulted in proteinuria. However, GFR and RBF were unaltered by either treatment. The present study demonstrates that increased kidney metabolism per se can cause intrarenal tissue hypoxia which results in proteinuria. Increased kidney QO2 and concomitantly reduced PO2 may therefore be a mechanism for the development of chronic kidney disease and progression to end-stage renal disease.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Fryknäs, Mårten, et al.
(författare)
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Iron chelators target both proliferating and quiescent cancer cells
- 2016
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 6
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poorly vascularized areas of solid tumors contain quiescent cell populations that are resistant to cell cycle-active cancer drugs. The compound VLX600 was recently identified to target quiescent tumor cells and to inhibit mitochondrial respiration. We here performed gene expression analysis in order to characterize the cellular response to VLX600. The compound-specific signature of VLX600 revealed a striking similarity to signatures generated by compounds known to chelate iron. Validation experiments including addition of ferrous and ferric iron in excess, EXAFS measurements, and structure activity relationship analyses showed that VLX600 chelates iron and supported the hypothesis that the biological effects of this compound is due to iron chelation. Compounds that chelate iron possess anti-cancer activity, an effect largely attributed to inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase in proliferating cells. Here we show that iron chelators decrease mitochondrial energy production, an effect poorly tolerated by metabolically stressed tumor cells. These pleiotropic features make iron chelators an attractive option for the treatment of solid tumors containing heterogeneous populations of proliferating and quiescent cells.
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Hedsten, Karin, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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MEMS-based VCSEL beam steering using replicated polymer diffractive lens
- 2008
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Ingår i: Sensors and Actuators, A: Physical. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-4247 .- 1873-3069. ; 142:1, s. 336-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract. This paper describes a fully integrated micro-optical system, in which dynamic angular control of the beam from a VCSEL (vertical cavity surface emitting laser) is realized by laterally moving a collimat¬ing diffractive lens in the light path. The lens is mounted on a translatable silicon stage, which consists of a frame with an opening for the light to traverse the lens and electro-statically driven comb actuators, by which the lateral movement is achieved. Devices implementing both 1D and 2D scanning have been fabricated and evaluated. Integration of the lens onto the translatable silicon stage is done using a newly developed fabrication process based on hot embossing of an amorphous fluorocarbon polymer. This fabrication process relies on a reversed-order protocol, where the structuring of the optical element precedes the silicon microstructuring. Assembly and packaging of the VCSEL-MOEMS system, using LTCC (low temperature cofired ceramic) technique, is also demonstrated. Optical evaluation of the system and beam steering function shows significant beam deflection for a relatively low driving voltage (~70 V).
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| 27. |
- Holm, Peter D., et al.
(författare)
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On multiple-input-multiple-output performance for Terrestrial Trunked Radio systems
- 2014
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Ingår i: IET COMMUNICATIONS. - : Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET). - 1751-8628 .- 1751-8636. ; 8:14, s. 2484-2488
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Measurements for outdoor multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) capacity assessment are generally technically complicated, time consuming and expensive activities and few results are therefore published in the literature. Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) systems suffer from poor capacity and could be significantly improved by MIMO technology. However, performing outdoor channel measurements in relevant environments is very difficult because of interference problems with operating systems. In this study, the authors propose an estimation of the MIMO capacity for TETRA systems, based on outdoor MIMO measurements carried out at 300 MHz.
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| 28. |
- Houkes, Ruben, et al.
(författare)
-
Classification systems of cleft lip, alveolus and palate : results of an international survey
- 2021
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Ingår i: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; , s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to identify commonly used classification systems by cleft providers around the world, including the perceived indications and limitations of each system.Design: A cross-sectional survey.Participants: A total of 197 registrants from three international cleft/craniofacial meetings.Interventions: Participants were sent a web-based questionnaire concerning cleft classification systems.Main outcome measures: Frequency of commonly used classification systems, their perceived indications and limitations.Results: A total of 197 respondents from 166 different centers completed the questionnaire. Healthcare professionals from all disciplines responded, with the most frequent respondents being plastic surgeons (38.1%), maxillofacial surgeons (28.4%) and orthodontists (23.9%). Eighteen different classification systems were in use. The most frequently used systems were the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) (35.5%), LAHSHAL (34.0%), and Veau (32.5%) classification systems. Most respondents (32.5%) indicated that anatomical and morphological characteristics are essential components of a classification system. However, respondents indicated that their current classification systems lacked sufficient description of cleft extension and severity.Conclusions: Great variety in the use of classification systems exists among craniofacial specialists internationally. The results recommend the usage of the LAHSHAL classification of OFCs, due to its comprehensiveness, relatively high implementation rate globally, convenience of usage and complementarity with the ICD-10 system. Moreover, it can overcome deficiencies inextricably linked to ICD-10, such as incapacity to describe laterality and clefts of the alveolus. More international exposure to the merits of using the LAHSHAL classification system would be highly recommended.
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| 29. |
- Houkes, Ruben, et al.
(författare)
-
Classification systems of cleft lip, alveolus and palate : results of an international survey
- 2021
-
Ingår i: The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1055-6656 .- 1545-1569. ; , s. 1-8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study aimed to identify commonly used classification systems by cleft providers around the world, including the perceived indications and limitations of each system. Design: A cross-sectional survey. Participants: A total of 197 registrants from three international cleft/craniofacial meetings. Interventions: Participants were sent a web-based questionnaire concerning cleft classification systems. Main outcome measures: Frequency of commonly used classification systems, their perceived indications and limitations. Results: A total of 197 respondents from 166 different centers completed the questionnaire. Healthcare professionals from all disciplines responded, with the most frequent respondents being plastic surgeons (38.1%), maxillofacial surgeons (28.4%) and orthodontists (23.9%). Eighteen different classification systems were in use. The most frequently used systems were the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10) (35.5%), LAHSHAL (34.0%), and Veau (32.5%) classification systems. Most respondents (32.5%) indicated that anatomical and morphological characteristics are essential components of a classification system. However, respondents indicated that their current classification systems lacked sufficient description of cleft extension and severity. Conclusions: Great variety in the use of classification systems exists among craniofacial specialists internationally. The results recommend the usage of the LAHSHAL classification of OFCs, due to its comprehensiveness, relatively high implementation rate globally, convenience of usage and complementarity with the ICD-10 system. Moreover, it can overcome deficiencies inextricably linked to ICD-10, such as incapacity to describe laterality and clefts of the alveolus. More international exposure to the merits of using the LAHSHAL classification system would be highly recommended.
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| 30. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
-
The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 31. |
- Jujić, Amra, et al.
(författare)
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Glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and risk of cardiovascular events and mortality : a prospective study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Diabetologia. - : Springer. - 0012-186X .- 1432-0428. ; 63:5, s. 1043-1054
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims/hypothesis: Evidence that glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) and/or the GIP receptor (GIPR) are involved in cardiovascular biology is emerging. We hypothesised that GIP has untoward effects on cardiovascular biology, in contrast to glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and therefore investigated the effects of GIP and GLP-1 concentrations on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality risk.Methods: GIP concentrations were successfully measured during OGTTs in two independent populations (Malmo Diet Cancer-Cardiovascular Cohort [MDC-CC] and Prevalence, Prediction and Prevention of Diabetes in Botnia [PPP-Botnia]) in a total of 8044 subjects. GLP-1 (n = 3625) was measured in MDC-CC. The incidence of CVD and mortality was assessed via national/regional registers or questionnaires. Further, a two-sample Mendelian randomisation (2SMR) analysis between the GIP pathway and outcomes (coronary artery disease [CAD] and myocardial infarction) was carried out using a GIP-associated genetic variant, rs1800437, as instrumental variable. An additional reverse 2SMR was performed with CAD as exposure variable and GIP as outcome variable, with the instrumental variables constructed from 114 known genetic risk variants for CAD.Results: In meta-analyses, higher fasting levels of GIP were associated with risk of higher total mortality (HR[95% CI] = 1.22 [1.11, 1.35]; p = 4.5 x 10(-5)) and death from CVD (HR[95% CI] 1.30 [1.11, 1.52]; p = 0.001). In accordance, 2SMR analysis revealed that increasing GIP concentrations were associated with CAD and myocardial infarction, and an additional reverse 2SMR revealed no significant effect of CAD on GIP levels, thus confirming a possible effect solely of GIP on CAD.Conclusions/interpretation: In two prospective, community-based studies, elevated levels of GIP were associated with greater risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality within 5-9 years of follow-up, whereas GLP-1 levels were not associated with excess risk. Further studies are warranted to determine the cardiovascular effects of GIP per se.
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| 32. |
- Jung, Christian, et al.
(författare)
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A comparison of very old patients admitted to intensive care unit after acute versus elective surgery or intervention
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of critical care. - : W B SAUNDERS CO-ELSEVIER INC. - 0883-9441 .- 1557-8615. ; 52, s. 141-148
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate differences in outcome between patients admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) after elective versus acute surgery in a multinational cohort of very old patients (80 years; VIP). Predictors of mortality, with special emphasis on frailty, were assessed.Methods: In total, 5063 VIPs were induded in this analysis, 922 were admitted after elective surgery or intervention, 4141 acutely, with 402 after acute surgery. Differences were calculated using Mann-Whitney-U test and Wilcoxon test. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess associations with mortality.Results: Compared patients admitted after acute surgery, patients admitted after elective surgery suffered less often from frailty as defined as CFS (28% vs 46%; p < 0.001), evidenced lower SOFA scores (4 +/- 5 vs 7 +/- 7; p < 0.001). Presence of frailty (CFS >4) was associated with significantly increased mortality both in elective surgery patients (7% vs 12%; p = 0.01), in acute surgery (7% vs 12%; p = 0.02).Conclusions: VIPs admitted to ICU after elective surgery evidenced favorable outcome over patients after acute surgery even after correction for relevant confounders. Frailty might be used to guide clinicians in risk stratification in both patients admitted after elective and acute surgery.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Kaufmann, Tobias, et al.
(författare)
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Common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Nature Neuroscience. - : Nature Publishing Group. - 1097-6256 .- 1546-1726. ; 22:10, s. 1617-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Common risk factors for psychiatric and other brain disorders are likely to converge on biological pathways influencing the development and maintenance of brain structure and function across life. Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3-96 years, we demonstrate distinct patterns of apparent brain aging in several brain disorders and reveal genetic pleiotropy between apparent brain aging in healthy individuals and common brain disorders.
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| 35. |
- Lai, En Yin, et al.
(författare)
-
Adenosine restores angiotensin II-induced contractions by receptor-independent enhancement of calcium sensitivity in renal arterioles
- 2006
-
Ingår i: Circulation Research. - 0009-7330 .- 1524-4571. ; 99:10, s. 1117-1124
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adenosine is coupled to energy metabolism and regulates tissue blood flow by modulating vascular resistance. In this study, we investigated isolated, perfused afferent arterioles of mice, which were subjected to desensitization during repeated applications of angiotensin II. Exogenously applied adenosine restores angiotensin II-induced contractions by increasing calcium sensitivity of the arterioles, along with augmented phosphorylation of the regulatory unit of the myosin light chain. Adenosine restores angiotensin II-induced contractions via intracellular action, because inhibition of adenosine receptors do not prevent restoration, but inhibition of NBTI sensitive adenosine transporters does. Restoration was prevented by inhibition of Rho-kinase, protein kinase C, and the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, which modulate myosin light chain phosphorylation and thus calcium sensitivity in the smooth muscle. Furthermore, adenosine application increased the intracellular ATP concentration in LuciHEK cells. The results of the study suggest that restoration of the angiotensin II-induced contraction by adenosine is attributable to the increase of the calcium sensitivity by phosphorylation of the myosin light chain. This can be an important component of vascular control during ischemic and hypoxic conditions. Additionally, this mechanism may contribute to the mediation of the tubuloglomerular feedback by adenosine in the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the kidney.
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| 36. |
- Malmborg, Jens, et al.
(författare)
-
Prediction models of free-field vibrations from railway traffic
- 2017
-
Ingår i: COMPDYN 2017 : 6 th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering - 6 th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. - Athens : Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research School of Civil Engineering National Technical University of Athens (NTUA) Greece. ; , s. 4810-4820
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many cities experience an increasing population leading to a need for urban densification. In these cities, unused land close to railways will have to be developed with new residential and office buildings. The infrastructural demand will also increase, resulting in heavily trafficked roads and railways close to w here people work and live. Annoyance from traffic-induced vibrations and noise is expected to be a growing issue. To predict the level of vibration and noise in buildings caused by railway and road traffic, calculation models are needed.In the present pa per, a simplified prediction model is briefly described. This prediction model is based on the assumption that the ground and railway embankment can be described in an axisymmetric model , to provide the transfer functions between the track and the free-field . In the paper, the error that arise by assuming axisymmetric response is studied by comparing the response in a three-dimensional finite-element model. Transfer functions at several positions in the free-field are compared
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
54 forskare: Inte alla klarar höjd pensions-ålder
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet, Stockholm. - 1101-2412.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet, så att fler klarar att arbeta i högre ålder. Att enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern är inte långsiktigt hållbart, skriver 54 forskare.DEBATT | PENSIONForskning visar att cirka var fjärde har en diagnos eller skada orsakad av sitt arbete. Detta gör arbetsorsakad sjukdom och skada till ett betydelsefullt folkhälsoproblem. Att då enbart genom ekonomiska åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för samtliga (yrkes)grupper utifrån deras kronologiska ålder är inte långsiktigt hållbart när individers biologiska ålder är så olika bland annat till följd av arbetslivet. Detta är en demokratifråga. Forskning om äldre i arbetslivet och hållbart arbete visar att man då främst flyttar individer från pensionssystemet till sjukförsäkringssystemet och ökar klyftorna i samhället.Debatt Det här är en argumenterande text med syfte att påverka. Åsikterna som uttrycks är skribentens egna.Vi är 54 forskare som nu gemensamt har skrivit denna debattartikel. Anledningen är att vi är oroade över att cirka var fjärde blir sjuk av sitt arbete samtidigt som man i det förslag som ligger om att senarelägga ålderspensionen i princip utgår ifrån att arbetskraftsdeltagande enbart styrs av ekonomin. Vi vill trycka på betydelsen av åtgärder i arbetslivet för att komma tillrätta med ohälsan, det vill säga inte enbart ekonomiska restriktioner som tvingar folk som inte kan, vill och orkar att stanna kvar i arbetslivet till en högre kronologisk ålder.Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att förtjäna möjligheter till pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån antalet år sedan en person föddes, då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Den svenska sjukförsäkringsreformen 2008 avsåg att få tillbaka människor i arbete. Men studien fann att den faktiskt bidrog till att fler gick i tidig ålderspension av dem som var i åldern 55–64 år. Ökningen var störst bland korttidsutbildade. Mer än 5 procent fler gick i tidig ålderspension då det blev svårare att få sjukpenning och sjukersättning. Vi kan notera att det är vanligare att manliga chefer tar ut tidig ålderspension, jämfört med kvinnliga maskinskötare inom tillverkningsindustrin. I vissa yrken är det dessutom vanligare att människor, trots pension, både orkar och faktiskt ges möjlighet att arbeta vidare om de har en specialkompetens som efterfrågas. Om vi endast kombinerar ekonomiska morötter med piskor finns en stor risk att vi ökar klyftan mellan grupper som både kan och vill fortsätta att yrkesarbeta och personer som av olika skäl inte längre kan eller orkar.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas och våra attityder som är kopplade till ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.”Morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi.Forskning visar att pedagogik som bygger på ”morötter” oftast är betydligt bättre än ”piskor” för att nå framgångsrika och långsiktiga mål. ”Morötter” i samhället, för organisationer, företag och individer är därför viktiga för god arbetshälsa och fortsatt produktivitet och kan bidra till ett längre arbetsliv även för grupper som tidigare inte ens klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. Genom forskning inom området har bland annat swage-modellen utarbetats. Detta är ett verktyg som visar på komplexiteten i ett hållbart arbetsliv och tillsammans med systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete, handlingsplaner och åtgärder syftar till ett mer hållbart arbetsliv. Morötter är enligt forskningen i detta sammanhang åtgärder för en god fysisk och mental arbetsmiljö, avpassad arbetsbelastning, stödjande teknik, att man kan anpassa arbetstakten, alternativa arbetstidsmodeller vid behov. Det är viktigt att man känner sig trygg och förväntas och tillåts vara delaktig, att man blir sedd av chefen och arbetskamraterna. Att de egna arbetsuppgifterna upplevs som meningsfulla och behövda av andra skapar självförverkligande och tillfredsställelse i arbetet. Att man känner att ens arbetsuppgifter och man själv är viktig för organisationen och företaget. Att man trots högre ålder inkluderas i olika nysatsningar och får tillgång till kompetensutveckling och inte blir åsidosatt eller åldersdiskriminerad. Utvärderingar visar att de äldre medarbetarna som fick några av dessa anpassningar och möjligheter var mer effektiva, utvilade, stimulerade när de var på arbetet samtidigt som sjukfrånvaron minskade. Vilket i sin tur bidrar till ett längre arbetsliv för grupper som tidigare inte klarat av att arbeta fram till pensionsåldern. I organisationer som bygger på en deltagar- och lärandekultur rustas de anställda för att klara omställningar, nya arbetsuppgifter och vid behov även yrkesbyten.Med en åldrande befolkning där allt fler lever allt längre behöver vi arbeta till en högre ålder i framtiden för att pensionssystemet ska hålla. Men ”morötter” är viktigare för en god arbetshälsa och hög produktivitet än en piska i form av oron för en dålig ekonomi. Det kräver också att vi ändrar våra attityder och förhållningssätt till äldre på arbetsmarknaden, vilket vi bäst gör genom att organisationer och företag får incitament till och erbjuder mer individanpassade arbetsvillkor, särskilt för personer i högre ålder. Låt oss därför använda den framtagna kunskapen i praktiken för att göra arbetslivet friskt och hållbart för alla åldrar.
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| 39. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
-
Vi är oroade över senare ålderspension
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Dagens Samhälle. - 1652-6511.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Var fjärde person blir i dag sjuk till följd av sitt arbete. Att höja pensionsåldern för alla yrkesgrupper, utan konkreta åtgärder för att minska ohälsan, är därför problematiskt och mycket oroande. Det är, enligt forskarna, inte långsiktigt samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt att utan andra åtgärder höja pensionsåldern för alla. Vi – 54 forskare – är mycket oroade över konsekvenserna av att, som föreslagits, senarelägga ålderspensionen.Förslaget utgår i princip från arbetskraftsdeltagande i princip enbart styrs av ekonomin, medan forskningen visar att det bara är en av flera faktorer som styr hur länge och hur mycket människor väljer att arbeta.Det här sättet att lösa problemet med en åldrande befolkning och ett sviktande pensionssystem är inte samhällsekonomiskt lönsamt på lång sikt, utan riskerar bara att flytta runt folk mellan olika ersättningssystem. Pensionssystemet bygger på att vi ska arbeta en viss del av våra liv för att tjäna in vår pension. Vi bör dock inte enbart utgå ifrån ålder eller antalet år sedan en person föddes då korttidsutbildade generellt träder in på arbetsmarknaden tidigare än långtidsutbildade. De med kortare utbildningstid har alltså varit en del av arbetskraften från en yngre ålder. Människor med kortare utbildning har också oftare ett arbete som innebär påfrestningar som kan inverka negativt på hälsotillståndet och som till och med kan påskynda det biologiska åldrandet. Dessutom lever korttidsutbildade generellt sett inte lika länge som långtidsutbildade, vilket delvis även avspeglar skilda livs- och arbetsvillkor.Ta nytta av den forskning som vi har tagit fram. Ekonomin är självklart viktigt för att vi ska vilja arbeta, men den är som sagt enbart en av flera faktorer med betydelse vårt arbetsliv.Hälsotillståndet, både det fysiska och det mentala, har en avgörande betydelse för hur länge och hur mycket vi orkar arbeta. Ett fysiskt och mentalt belastande arbete är en stark riskfaktor för en nedsatt hälsa i slutet av arbetslivet. Arbetstid, arbetstakt och möjlighet till återhämtning spelar en allt större roll ju äldre vi blir. Andra aspekter är arbetsinnehåll, hur meningsfulla och stimulerande arbetsuppgifterna är, balansen mellan arbete och familjesituation och fritidsaktiviteter. Organisationskultur, ledarskapet, stöd i arbetet och kompetens har stor betydelse för om vi ska kunna och vilja arbeta till en högre ålder. Vi måste ta större hänsyn till olika förutsättningar och varierande funktionsförmåga och utifrån detta anpassa de åtgärder som gör att arbetslivet blir möjligt och hållbart för allt fler även i högre ålder.Ett hållbart och acceptabelt pensionssystem måste därför utformas utifrån personliga förutsättningar och förhållanden i arbetslivet. Ett hållbart arbetsliv för allt fler i vår åldrande befolkning fordrar att vi samtidigt beaktar faktorer som relaterar till biologisk/kroppslig ålder, mental/kognitiv ålder samt social ålder/livsloppsfas samt de attityder som är kopplade till ålder.
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| 40. |
- Patzak, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
-
Adenosine enhances long term the contractile response to angiotensin II in afferent arterioles
- 2007
-
Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory Integrative and Comparative Physiology. - : American Physiological Society. - 0363-6119 .- 1522-1490. ; 293:6, s. R2232-R2242
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adenosine (Ado) enhances ANG II-induced constrictions of afferent arterioles (Af) by receptor-dependent and -independent pathways. Here, we test the hypothesis that transient Ado treatment has a sustained effect on Af contractility, resulting in increased ANG II responses after longer absence of Ado. Treatment with Ado (cumulative from 10(-11) to 10(-4) mol/l) and consecutive washout for 10 or 30 min increased constrictions on ANG II in isolated, perfused Af. Cytosolic calcium transients on ANG II were not enhanced in Ado-treated vessels. Selective or global inhibition of A(1)- and A(2)-adenosine receptors did not inhibit the Ado effect. Nitrobenzylthioinosine (an Ado transport inhibitor) clearly reduced the Ado-mediated responses. Selective inhibition of p38 MAPK with SB-203580 also prevented the Ado effect. Inosine treatment did not influence arteriolar reactivity to ANG II. Contractile responses of Af on norepinephrine and endothelin-1 were not influenced by Ado. Phosphorylation of the p38 MAPK and of the regulatory unit of 20-kDa myosin light chain was enhanced after Ado treatment and ANG II in Af. However, phosphorylation of p38 MAPK induced by norepinephrine or endothelin-1 was reduced in vessels treated with Ado, whereas 20-kDa myosin light chain was unchanged. The results suggest an intracellular, long-lasting mechanism including p38 MAPK activation responsible for the increase of ANG II-induced contractions by Ado. The effect is not calcium dependent and specific for ANG II. The prolonged enhancement of the ANG II sensitivity of Af may be important for tubuloglomerular feedback.
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| 41. |
- Paulson, Linda, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative genome- and proteome analysis of cerebral cortex from MK-801-treated rats.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of neuroscience research. - : Wiley. - 0360-4012 .- 1097-4547. ; 71:4, s. 526-33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- cDNA microarrays and two-dimensional gel-electrophoresis in combination with mass spectrometry, were used to screen alterations in mRNA and protein levels, respectively, in cerebral cortex of MK-801-treated rats. The rats were divided in two groups; group 1 (short-term treated) and group 2 (long-term treated). In group 1, four genes were up-regulated and five down-regulated. In group 2, seven genes were up-regulated and six down-regulated. In group 1, the levels of one protein was increased and eight proteins reduced. In group 2, the levels of two proteins were increased and four proteins reduced. Several of the altered genes (casein kinase 2, glutamic acid decarboxylase, synaptotagmin, gamma aminobutyric acid [GABA] transporter, creatine kinase, and cytochrome c oxidase) and proteins (superoxide dismutase, hsp 60, hsp 72 and gamma-enolase) have previously been connected to schizophrenia. Alterations of the genes (microglobulin, c-jun proto-oncogene, 40S ribosomal protein S19, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation factors, platelet-derived growth factor, fructose-bisphophate aldolase A, and myelin proteolipid) and the proteins (stathmin, H+-transp. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, beta-actin and alpha-enolase), have not, to our knowledge, earlier been implicated in schizophrenia pathology. Overall, these results with a combined approach of genomics and proteomics add to the validity of subchronic N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist treatment as an animal model of schizophrenia.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Persson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Adenosine A(2)a receptor stimulation prevents proteinuria in diabetic rats by promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype without affecting oxidative stress
- 2015
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Ingår i: Acta Physiologica. - : Wiley: 12 months. - 1748-1708 .- 1748-1716. ; 214:3, s. 311-318
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AimDiabetic patients are at increased risk for kidney disease. There is presently no clinical treatment available that effectively protects kidney function in diabetics. This study investigates whether chronic stimulation of the adenosine A(2a) receptor (A(2a)AR) protects kidney function in insulinopenic diabetic rats. MethodsStreptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and corresponding controls were chronically treated with the adenosine A(2a)AR agonist CGS21680 throughout the four-week diabetes duration. Kidney function was thereafter investigated, and urine and plasma samples were collected for analysis of protein, oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. ResultsGlomerular filtration rate, renal blood flow, filtration fraction and diabetes-induced kidney hypoxia were all unaffected by chronic A(2a)AR stimulation. Furthermore, diabetic rats had increased oxidative stress, which was further increased by chronic A(2a)AR stimulation. However, the 10-fold increased urinary protein excretion observed in the diabetic rats was completely prevented by chronic A(2a)AR stimulation. These beneficial effects were accompanied by reduced levels of the pro-inflammatory TNF- and increased levels of the anti-inflammatory IL-10 as well as decreased infiltration of macrophages, glomerular damage and basement membrane thickness. ConclusionChronic A(2a)AR stimulation prevents proteinuria and glomerular damage in experimental diabetes via an anti-inflammatory mechanism independent of oxidative stress and kidney hypoxia.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Persson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Byggande av lätta trähus i tätbebyggda städer
- 2020
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Ingår i: Bygg & Teknik. ; 3, s. 24-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Strävan efter ett hållbart byggande med miljövänliga material har bidragit till ett ökat intresse för trämaterial. Samtidigt förtätas städerna alltmer och mark nära kollektivtrafik behöver tas i anspråk. Eftersom lätta konstruktioner kan vara känsliga för vibrationer finns risk för att husen som byggs inte tillfredsställer kraven på en god inomhusmiljö med avseende på buller och vibrationer. Om det går att beräkna och förutsäga buller och vibrationsnivåer tidigt i designprocessen så finns det goda möjligheter att hitta tekniska lösningar som fungerar. Problemet idag är att beräkningsmodellerna är alltför komplicerade och kräver specialistkompetens. Vår ambition är att utveckla en användarvänlig, effektiv och rimligt säker modell för att prediktera vibrationer i lätta trähus nära spårbunden trafik.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Persson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Effect of structural design on traffic-induced building vibrations
- 2017
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Ingår i: Procedia Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 1877-7058. ; 199, s. 2711-2716
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Population growth and urbanization results in densified cities, where new buildings are being built closer to existing vibration sources, and new transportation systems are constructed closer to existing buildings. Potential disturbing vibrations are one issue to consider in planning urban environments and densification of cities. Vibrations can be annoying for humans but also for sensitive equipment in, for example, hospitals. In determining the risk for disturbing vibrations, the distance between the source and the receiver, the ground properties, and type and size of the building are governing factors. In the paper, a study is presented aiming at investigating the influence of various parameters of the building’s structural design on vibration levels in the structure caused by ground surface loads, e.g. traffic. Parameters studied are related to the type of construction material (if it would be a light or heavy structure), and to the slab thickness. The study is limited to the structural response at frequencies near the first resonance frequency of the soil. The finite element method is employed for discretizing the building structure that is coupled to a semi-analytical model considering a layered ground.
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