| 1. |
- Alin, Niklas, 1963, et al.
(författare)
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3D Unsteady Computations for Submarine-Like Bodies
- 2005
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Ingår i: 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, Reno, Nevada, Jan. 10-13, 2005. ; , s. 353-369
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Results from a computational study using Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) models and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) of flows past submarine-like bodies are here presented. The aims are to evaluate URANS and LES for high-Re number hydrodynamic flows, to investigate the influence of the turbulence and subgrid turbulence modeling, and to discuss some features of submarine hydrodynamics. For this purpose we have chosen to examine the flow past a prolate spheroid at 10° and 20° angle of attack at a body length Re number of 4-106, and the flow past the DARPA-2 Suboff bare hull and fully appended hull configurations at a body length Re number of 12-106. For both cases experimental data is available for comparison. One finite element and one finite volume flow solver has been used - both with the capability of employing a range of turbulence models and with the capacity of using unstructured and hybrid grids. Better agreement between predictions and experimental data is obtained with LES than with the URANS models, but at a considerably higher price, due to the finer grids and finer temporal resolution in LES.
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| 2. |
- Andersen, Casper W., et al.
(författare)
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OPTIMADE, an API for exchanging materials data
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Data. - : Nature Portfolio. - 2052-4463. ; 8:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Open Databases Integration for Materials Design (OPTIMADE) consortium has designed a universal application programming interface (API) to make materials databases accessible and interoperable. We outline the first stable release of the specification, v1.0, which is already supported by many leading databases and several software packages. We illustrate the advantages of the OPTIMADE API through worked examples on each of the public materials databases that support the full API specification.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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On the Optimization of a Track-Friendly Bogie for High Speed
- 2009
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Ingår i: 21st International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, IAVSD'09, Stockholm, August 17-21, 2009..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- When designing and optimizing a rail vehicle there is a contradiction between, on the one hand, stability on straight track at high speed and, on the other hand, reasonable wheel and rail wear in small- and medium radius curves. Higher speeds require to some extent stiffer wheelset guidance to avoid hunting and ensure stability. However, with stiffer wheelset guidance the risk of increased wheel and rail wear in curves is imminent. In this paper, the process of developing and optimizing a track-friendly bogie is described. A multi-body system (MBS) simulation model was used, taking due consideration to nonlinearities in suspension and wheel-rail contact, as well as realistic flexibilities in the track. Adequate and systematic consideration is taken to a wide range of possible non-linear wheel-rail combinations. Dynamic stability is investigated both on straight track and in wide curves at high speeds. The balance between flange wear and tread wear is studied in order to maximize wheel life between re-profiling operations in the intended average operation. The result is a bogie with relatively soft wheelset guidance allowing passive radial self-steering, which in combination with appropriate yaw damping ensures stability on straight track at higher speeds. The bogie has been subject to both certification testing and long-term service testing in the Gröna Tåget (the Green Train) research and development programme.
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| 4. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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Radial Self-Steering Bogies : Recent Developments for High Speed
- 2009
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Ingår i: 7th International Conference on Railway Bogies and Running Gears. - 9789634209775 ; , s. 63-72
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Considering the total cost of railway operations, it is important to reduce the deterioration caused to the track by rail vehicles and vice versa. Radial steering running gear, where the wheelsets take up approximate radial positions in curves, is an important mean of reducing rail and wheel wear. They also allow curves to be negotiated at higher lateral acceleration on non-perfect track, without exceeding stipulated limits for lateral track shift forces. In order to run dynamically stable at high speed, the damping of the bogie must be appropriate, in particular the yaw damping between bogies and carbody. Radial self-steering bogies are used on more than 1200 rail passenger vehicles in Scandinavia since the early 1980’s. The maximum service speed of these vehicles ranges up to 210 km/h. Ongoing development seems to confirm that the use of such bogies can be extended into the very high-speed area of at least 250 km/h. There has previously been some scepticism on the feasibility of soft wheelset guidance for higher speeds, in particular with respect to running stability. Although there are some limitations in the performance of radial self-steering bogies, this solution is robust and well-proven since about 25 years. The ultimate future may be a mechatronic bogie, where the wheelsets are guided in the most optimal way through controlled and forced radial steering. Such bogies may be justified if performance is out of the possible range of passive self-steering solutions.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
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Radial self-steering bogies - Development, advantages and limitations
- 2007
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Ingår i: ZE Vrail - Glasers Annalen: Zeitschrift fuer das gesamte System Bahn. - 1618-8330. ; 131:Suppl., s. 248-259
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering the total cost of railway operations, It is important to reduce the deterioration caused to the track by rail vehicles and vice versa. Radial steering running gear, where the wheelsets take up approximate radial positions in curves, is an important mean of reducing rail and wheel wear. They also allow curves to be negotiated at higher lateral acceleration on non-perfect track, without exceeding stipulated limits for lateral track shift forces. In order to run dynamically stable at high speed, the damping of the bogie must be appropriate, in particular the yaw damping between bogies and car body. Since the mid-1970's radial self-steering bogles have been developed and used in about 1 200 passenger rail vehicles in Scandinavia. This development continues and during 2006 a test train with radial self-steering bogies is run in speeds up till 281 km/h as part of the Swedish R&D program "GrönaTå get" (GreenTrain). Although there are limitations in the performance of passively self-steering bogles they are a simple and proven solution. Ultimately, In the future actively controlled radial steering may be considered asan appropriate mean to achieve higher performance and track-friendliness.
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| 6. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of Biodiesel - Hydrotreated oil from rape, oil palm or Jatropha
- 2008
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Ingår i: Annual Poster Exhibition at the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Mars 6th, 2008, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There is a need for fuels based on renewable resources that have acceptable emission profiles and that are functional for truck engines used in heavy vehicles. Volvo has participated in the CONCAWE/EUCAR/JRC WTW study, which analyzed a number of candidate fuels, several process routes to produce each fuel as well as different raw material choices. However, the CONCAWE study did not include any second generation hydrogenated vegetable oil type biodiesel. In the present study, Volvo and Chalmers investigate and benchmark hydrogenated vegetable oils. Different production routes from different proposed raw materials are investigated using life cycle assessment modeling. Raw materials considered are oil from rape seed (grown in Germany), palm oil (grown in Malaysia) and oil from the fruits of Jatropha curcas (grown in India). The raw material is converted into hydrogenated oil at a production site in northern Europe and used at the European market. Results regarding life cycle global warming potential and energy use are presented.
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| 7. |
- Arvidsson, Rickard, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Life cycle assessment of hydrotreated vegetable oil from rape, oil palm and Jatropha
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 19:2-3, s. 128-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A life cycle assessment of hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) biofuel was performed. The study wascommissioned by Volvo Technology Corporation and Volvo Penta Corporation as part of an effort to gaina better understanding of the environmental impact of potential future biobased liquid fuels for cars andtrucks. The life cycle includes production of vegetable oil from rape, oil palm or Jatropha, transport of theoil to the production site, production of the HVO from the oil, and combustion of the HVO. The functionalunit of the study is 1 kWh energy out from the engine of a heavy-duty truck and the environmentalimpact categories that are considered are global warming potential (GWP), acidification potential (AP),eutrophication potential (EP) and embedded fossil production energy. System expansion was used totake into account byproducts from activities in the systems; this choice was made partly to make thisstudy comparable to results reported by other studies. The results show that HVO produced from palmoil combined with energy production from biogas produced from the palm oil mill effluent has thelowest environmental impact of the feedstocks investigated in this report. HVO has a significantly lowerlife cycle GWP than conventional diesel oil for all feedstocks investigated, and a GWP that is comparableto results for e.g. rape methyl ester reported in the literature. The results show that emissions from soilcaused by microbial activities and leakage are the largest contributors to most environmental impactcategories, which is supported also by other studies. Nitrous oxide emissions from soil account for morethan half of the GWP of HVO. Nitrogen oxides and ammonia emissions from soil cause almost all of thelife cycle EP of HVO and contribute significantly to the AP as well. The embedded fossil production energywas shown to be similar to results for e.g. rape methyl ester from other studies. A sensitivity analysisshows that variations in crop yield and in nitrous oxide emissions from microbial activities in soil cancause significant changes to the results.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Bensow, Rickard, 1972, et al.
(författare)
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Large Eddy Simulations for Marine Flows
- 2007
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Ingår i: STG-Lectureday "CFD in Ship Design", Hamburg, Germany.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Brunskog, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Experimental Evaluation of a Micron-Resolution CT Detector
- 2024
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2024: Physics of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Current photon-counting detectors are limited to a pixel size of 0.3 mm-1 mm, as decreasing the pixel size further generally introduces degraded dose efficiency and energy resolution from excessive charge sharing. In this work, we present experimental measurements of the first photon-counting detector prototype designed to leverage the charge sharing to estimate the photon interaction position, where simulations indicate a theoretical resolution of around 1 µm using a similar geometry. The goal of the measurements is to validate our Monte-Carlo simulation for further development. Approach: DAC sweeps are performed with an X-ray beam at specified locations on the sensor front, with the beam at 20 keV and 35 keV, as well as with different sensor biases with the beam at 35 keV. The experimental data are then compared to a Monte Carlo simulation combined with a charge transport model. In this first prototype wire bonds are used, and as such only a few channels are connected. Results: The experimental data agree generally well with the simulated data with the beam close to the electrodes, with the simulated data diverging from the experiments with the beam further away from the electrodes. The induced charge cloud signal exhibits a fairly linear dependency on the beam position, indicating that any estimation techniques will yield more precise position when the photon interacts further away from the electrodes, rather than closer. Conclusions: With the experimental data and the simulations agreeing generally well, together with the same software previously indicating a resolution of around 1 µm, we expect an ultra-high-resolution detector to be in reach, and are encouraged to continue development.
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| 13. |
- Brunskog, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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First experimental evaluation of a high-resolution deep silicon photon-counting sensor
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng. - 2329-4302 .- 2329-4310. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Current photon-counting computed tomography detectors are limited to a pixel size of around 0.3 to 0.5 mm due to excessive charge sharing degrading the dose efficiency and energy resolution as the pixels become smaller. In this work, we present measurements of a prototype photon-counting detector that leverages the charge sharing to reach a theoretical sub-pixel resolution in the order of 1 μm. The goal of the study is to validate our Monte-Carlo simulation using measurements, enabling further development. Approach: We measure the channel response at the MAX IV Lab, in the DanMAX beamline, with a 35 keV photon beam, and compare the measurements with a 2D Monte Carlo simulation combined with a charge transport model. Only a few channels on the prototype are connected to keep the number of wire bonds low. Results: The measurements agree generally well with the simulations with the beam close to the electrodes but diverge as the beam is moved further away. The induced charge cloud signals also seem to increase linearly as the beam is moved away from the electrodes. Conclusions: The agreement between measurements and simulations indicates that the Monte-Carlo simulation can accurately model the channel response of the detector with the photon interactions close to the electrodes, which indicates that the unconnected electrodes introduce unwanted effects that need to be further explored. With the same Monte-Carlo simulation previously indicating a resolution of around 1 μm with similar geometry, the results are promising that an ultra-high resolution detector is not far in the future.
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| 14. |
- Brunskog, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Non-prewhitening Observer Applied on Grating-Based and Grating-Less Phase-Contrast Imaging A Simulation Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Medical Imaging 2024: Physics of Medical Imaging. - : SPIE-Intl Soc Optical Eng.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: When implementing differential phase-contrast imaging with current CT detectors the limited pixel size forces one to scan an analyser-grating in front of the detector to resolve the interference pattern. This simulation study compares the approach of using an analyser-grating and the approach of using a high-resolution detector to directly resolve the interference pattern by applying the non-prewhitening observer on dose-matched simulated CT scan reconstructions of the two approaches. Approach: A phantom with two concentric cylinders is used and 1000 CT scans are generated with the inner cylinder present and not present. The non-prewhitening observer is applied to the samples and the ROC curve is extracted, together with the results of a 2AFC test, the CNR, and the detectability. Results: The high-resolution approach shows a 20% increase in the phase AUC compared to the grating-based approach, with a similar increase in the 2AFC test score. The image CNR of the phase shows an increase of 134%, with the detectability increasing by 138% when compared to the grating based approach. Conclusions: An ultra-high-resolution detector, capable of directly resolving the interference pattern of differential phase-contrast imaging could change medical imaging CT as we know it. The implementation in a clinical CT would be simpler, could lower cost, and increase the dose-efficiency due to the obviation of the G2-grating, and at the same time provide an additional two diagnostic signals.
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| 15. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2019 : Resursöversikt
- 2020
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fisken i havet är en resurs som rör sig fritt över nationella gränser. EU har därför en gemensam fiskeripolitik (GFP). Många arter som är viktiga för Sverige regleras inte i GFP och förvaltas därför nationellt.Denna rapport syftar till att:beskriva utvecklingen av fiskeripolitikenförklara den nuvarande politikens mål och regelverk och dess relation till mål och regler på miljöområdetförklara politikens nationella genomförande och det nationella handlingsutrymmetexemplifiera hur Havs- och vattenmyndigheten arbetat med att reglera fisket.
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| 16. |
- Bryhn, Andreas, et al.
(författare)
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Fisk- och skaldjursbestånd i hav och sötvatten 2020 : Resursöversikt
- 2021
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten kan du ta del av bedömningen som görs av situationen för bestånd som regleras inom ramen för EU:s gemensamma fiskeripolitik (GFP). Bedömningarna baseras på det forskningssamarbete och den rådgivning som sker inom det Internationella Havsforskningsrådet (ICES). Totalt redovisas underlag och råd för 48 fisk- och skaldjursarter.De bestånd som förvaltas nationellt baseras på de biologiska underlagen, och rådgivningen i huvudsak på den forskning och övervakning samt analys som bedrivs av Institutionen för akvatiska resurser vid Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet (SLU Aqua) samt yrkesfiskets rapportering.
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| 17. |
- Colliander, Cristian, 1980-
(författare)
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Science mapping and research evaluation : a novel methodology for creating normalized citation indicators and estimating their stability
- 2014
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the methodology at the intersection of relational and evaluative bibliometrics. Experimental investigations are presented that address the question of how we can most successfully produce estimates of the subject similarity between documents. The results from these investigations are then explored in the context of citation-based research evaluations in an effort to enhance existing citation normalization methods that are used to enable comparisons of subject-disparate documents with respect to their relative impact or perceived utility. This thesis also suggests and explores an approach for revealing the uncertainty and stability (or lack thereof) coupled with different kinds of citation indicators.This suggestion is motivated by the specific nature of the bibliographic data and the data collection process utilized in citation-based evaluation studies.The results of these investigations suggest that similarity-detection methods that take a global view of the problem of identifying similar documents are more successful in solving the problem than conventional methods that are more local in scope. These results are important for all applications that require subject similarity estimates between documents. Here these insights are specifically adopted in an effort to create a novel citation normalization approach that – compared to current best practice – is more in tune with the idea of controlling for subject matter when thematically different documents are assessed with respect to impact or perceived utility. The normalization approach is flexible with respect to the size of the normalization baseline and enables a fuzzy partition of the scientific literature. It is shown that this approach is more successful than currently applied normalization approaches in reducing the variability in the observed citation distribution that stems from the variability in the articles’ addressed subject matter. In addition, the suggested approach can enhance the interpretability of normalized citation counts. Finally, the proposed method for assessing the stability of citation indicators stresses that small alterations that could be artifacts from the data collection and preparation steps can have a significant influence on the picture that is painted by the citationindicator. Therefore, providing stability intervals around derived indicators prevents unfounded conclusions that otherwise could have unwanted policy implications.Together, the new normalization approach and the method for assessing the stability of citation indicators have the potential to enable fairer bibliometric evaluative exercises and more cautious interpretations of citation indicators.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Danell, Rickard, 1965-, et al.
(författare)
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The first mover and the challenger : The relationship between two journals in organization research
- 1997
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 40:3, s. 445-453
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many new journals are started in response to increasing specialization and limited space in existing journals. In this study two journals in organization research are studied,Administrative Science Quarterly as the first mover in the field andOrganization Studies as the challenger. It is shown that the new journal gradually differ from the old in terms of the national origin of its authors as well as the documents cited. It is concluded that the scientific journal market may not mirror the copy-cat behaviour found among newspapers or companies in other markets.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Diamond, Miriam, et al.
(författare)
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Exploring the planetary boundary for chemical pollution
- 2015
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Ingår i: Environment International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0160-4120 .- 1873-6750. ; 78, s. 8-15
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rockström et al. (2009a, 2009b) have warned that humanity must reduce anthropogenic impacts defined by nine planetary boundaries if “unacceptable global change” is to be avoided. Chemical pollution was identified as one of those boundaries for which continued impacts could erode the resilience of ecosystems and humanity. The central concept of the planetary boundary (or boundaries) for chemical pollution (PBCP or PBCPs) is that the Earth has a finite assimilative capacity for chemical pollution, which includes persistent, as well as readily degradable chemicals released at local to regional scales, which in aggregate threaten ecosystem and human viability. The PBCP allows humanity to explicitly address the increasingly global aspects of chemical pollution throughout a chemical's life cycle and the need for a global response of internationally coordinated control measures. We submit that sufficient evidence shows stresses on ecosystem and human health at local to global scales, suggesting that conditions are transgressing the safe operating space delimited by a PBCP. As such, current local to global pollution control measures are insufficient. However, while the PBCP is an important conceptual step forward, at this point single or multiple PBCPs are challenging to operationalize due to the extremely large number of commercial chemicals or mixtures of chemicals that cause myriad adverse effects to innumerable species and ecosystems, and the complex linkages between emissions, environmental concentrations, exposures and adverse effects. As well, the normative nature of a PBCP presents challenges of negotiating pollution limits amongst societal groups with differing viewpoints. Thus, a combination of approaches is recommended as follows: develop indicators of chemical pollution, for both control and response variables, that will aid in quantifying a PBCP(s) and gauging progress towards reducing chemical pollution; develop new technologies and technical and social approaches to mitigate global chemical pollution that emphasize a preventative approach; coordinate pollution control and sustainability efforts; and facilitate implementation of multiple (and potentially decentralized) control efforts involving scientists, civil society, government, non-governmental organizations and international bodies.
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| 25. |
- Ekesbo, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Lack of adherence to hypertension treatment guidelines among GPs in southern Sweden-A case report- based survey
- 2012
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Ingår i: BMC Family Practice. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2296. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: General practitioners (GPs) often fail to correctly adhere to guidelines for the treatment of hypertension. The reasons for this are unclear, but could be related to lack of knowledge in assessing individual patients' cardiovascular disease risk. Our aim was to investigate how GPs in southern Sweden adhere to clinical guidelines for the treatment of hypertension when major cardiovascular risk factors are taken into consideration. Method: A questionnaire with five genuine cases of hypertension with different cardiovascular risk profiles was sent to a random sample of GPs in southern Sweden (n = 109) in order to investigate the attitude towards blood pressure (BP) treatment when major cardiovascular risk factors were present. Results: In general, GPs who responded tended to focus on the absolute target BP rather than assessing the entire cardiovascular risk factor profile. Thus, cases with the highest risk of cardiovascular disease were not treated accordingly. However, there was also a tendency to overtreat the lowest risk individuals. Furthermore, the BP levels for initiating pharmacological treatment varied widely (systolic BP 140-210 mmHg). ACE inhibitors (70%) were the most common first choice of pharmacological treatment. Conclusion: In this study, GPs in Southern Sweden were suggesting, for different cases, either under- or overtreatment in relation to current guidelines for treatment of hypertension. On reason may be that they failed to correctly assess individual cardiovascular risk factor profiles. Key points: Despite international and national clinical guidelines on the treatment of hypertension, general practitioners often fail to correctly assess the cardiovascular risk for patients in a clinical setting. Most GPs use target blood pressure levels but do not consider other cardiovascular risk factors. Both under- and overtreatment of high and low cardiovascular risk groups were seen in this study.
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| 26. |
- Engström, Rickard, 1972-
(författare)
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Den oberoende mellanmannen : En studie av fastighetsmäklarprofessionen och begreppet ”god fastighetsmäklarsed” i teori och praktik
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den svenska fastighetsmäklaren intar en roll som oberoende mellanman medomsorgsplikt mot både köpare och säljare, vilket skiljer sig från hurfastighetsmäklaryrket är organiserat på de flesta andra håll i världen. Därav är densvenska modellen värd att studera och analysera. I Sverige regleras yrket i lag.Utövarnas regelefterlevnad kontrolleras av Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen (FMI). Ettviktigt begrepp är ”god fastighetsmäklarsed”. Vad som bedöms vara ”godfastighetsmäklarsed” bestäms genom praxis från FMI och förvaltningsdomstolarna.En disciplinpåföljd från FMI kan bestå av erinran, varning eller återkallelse avregistrering, vilket medför ett yrkesförbud. En disciplinpåföljd kan överklagas tillförvaltningsdomstolarna.Denna avhandling består av en sammanhållande kappa och fyra artiklar sombeskriver fyra olika studier som gjorts för att bättre förstå förutsättningarna för deindivider som verkar som fastighetsmäklare på den svenska bostadsmarknaden. Detövergripande syftet är att beskriva och analysera fastighetsmäklares yrkesroll i ensvensk kontext och speciellt deras roll som oberoende mellanman. Med utgångspunkti tre forskningsfrågor används både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder för att samlain och analysera primära och sekundära data. Resultaten visar att verksamma svenskafastighetsmäklare balanserar de utmaningar som kan rymmas inom rollen somoberoende mellanman, men det finns också vissa gränsdragningsproblem avseende”god fastighetsmäklarsed”.FMI utdelar disciplinpåföljder till fastighetsmäklare vid regelöverträdelser. Att ivardagen förhålla sig till regelverk och praxis är svårare för vissa kategorierfastighetsmäklare: yngre fastighetsmäklare får oftare än äldre påföljden erinran, äldrefår oftare än yngre påföljden varning, och fastighetsmäklare verksamma i storstad fåroftare påföljden varning jämfört med fastighetsmäklare på landsbygden.Fastighetsmäklaryrket och professionsutvecklingen studeras i en jämförande studiemellan Australien (Victoria) och Sverige. De svenska branschorganisationerna –Mäklarsamfundet och Fastighetsmäklarförbundet (FMF) – är delaktiga i professionsutvecklingen,bland annat som huvudmän för Fastighetsmarknadens Reklamationsnämnd(FRN) som agerar enligt lagen (2015:671) om alternativ tvistlösning ikonsumentförhållanden. Avhandlingen ger vidare förslag till utveckling av såvälytterligare forskning som av praktiken.
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| 27. |
- Engström, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Fastighetsmäklare- om behoven av mer utbildning och tillsyn
- 2020
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Ingår i: Insolvensrättslig tidskrift. - Vällingby : Föreningen insolvensrättslig tidskrift. - 2002-3014 .- 2002-6315. ; :1, s. 47-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denna artikel tillägnas ordförande i Fastighetsmäklarinspektionens disciplinnämnd, tillika ansvarig utgivare av denna tidskrift, professorn Marie Karlsson-Tuula. Antalet mäklare som får en disciplinpåföljd av Fastighetsmäklarinspektionen i form av en återkallelse av registreringen som mäklare, en erinran eller en varning har ökat. I denna artikel analyseras vilka fastighetsmäklare som får en disciplinpåföljd och vad som behövs för att minska antalet anmälningar och disciplinpåföljder. Frågor som ska besvaras är:1) Vad är skälet till att antalet anmälningar mot mäklare har ökat liksom antalet disciplinpåföljder? 2) Av de mäklare som får en disciplinpåföljd - finns det några likheter eller skillnader när det gäller mäklarnas ålder, kön, utbildning eller geografiska fördelning?
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| 28. |
- Eriksson, Irene, et al.
(författare)
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The Early Awareness and Alert System in Sweden : History and Current Status
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Pharmacology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1663-9812. ; 8
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish EAA System started as a regional initiative and rapidly grew to become a national level activity. An important feature of the system today is its complete integration into the national process for managed introduction and follow-up of new medicines. The system will continue to evolve as a response both to the changing landscape of health innovations and to new policy initiatives at the regional, national and international level.
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| 29. |
- Frost, Rickard, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Core−Shell Nanoplasmonic Sensing for Characterization of Biocorona Formation and Nanoparticle Surface Interactions
- 2016
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Ingår i: ACS Sensors. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2379-3694. ; 1:6, s. 798-806
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Surface properties of nanoparticles imposed by particle size, shape, and surface chemistry are key features that largely determine their environmental fate and effects on biological systems. Consequently, development of analytical tools to characterize surface properties of nanomaterials and their relation to toxicological properties must occur in parallel with applications. As a contribution to this quest, we present a nanoplasmonic sensing strategy that enables systematic in situ characterization of molecule−nanoparticle interactions under well-controlled conditions, in terms of both nanoparticle size and surface chemistry, with particular focus on the importance of surface faceting in crystalline nanoparticles. We assess the performance of our sensing strategy by presenting two case studies. (i) The first is protein corona formation on faceted Au core−SiO2 shell nanoparticles of different sizes, and thus different surface facet-to-edge ratios. Based on 2D and 3D models of the investigated structures, we find that for small particles the curved regions between adjacent facets dominate the response of the corona formation process, whereas the facets dominate the response in the large particle regime. (ii) The second is in situ functionalization of Au core−SiO2 shell nanoparticle surfaces, and analysis of the subsequent protein repellent behavior. Due to the versatility of the presented sensing strategy in studies of nanoparticle surface properties, including in situ surface modifications, and their interactions with (bio)molecules during corona formation, we foresee it to become a valuable tool in the areas of nanomedicine and nanotoxicology.
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| 30. |
- Fröling, Morgan, 1966, et al.
(författare)
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Life Cycle Assessment of Second Generation Biodiesel: Biomass to Liquid
- 2008
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Ingår i: Designing Pathways for a Sustainable World: At Scale, in Time, and for All, AGS Annual Meeting, MIT, Cambridge, MA. USA, January 28-30 2008. ; , s. abstract in proceedings-
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 31. |
- Fu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
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Active suspension in railway vehicles: a literature survey
- 2020
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Ingår i: Railway Engineering Science. - : Springer. - 2662-4745 .- 2662-4753. ; , s. 3-35
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the concept of active suspensions appeared, its large possible benefits has attracted continuous exploration in the field of railway engineering. With new demands of higher speed, better ride comfort and lower maintenance cost for railway vehicles, active suspensions are very promising technologies. Being the starting point of commercial application of active suspensions in rail vehicles, tilting trains have become a great success in some countries. With increased technical maturity of sensors and actuators, active suspension has unprecedented development opportunities. In this work, the basic concepts are summarized with new theories and solutions that have appeared over the last decade. Experimental studies and the implementation status of different active suspension technologies are described as well. Firstly, tilting trains are briefly described. Thereafter, an in-depth study for active secondary and primary suspensions is performed. For both topics, after an introductory section an explanation of possible solutions existing in the literature is given. The implementation status is reported. Active secondary suspensions are categorized into active and semi-active suspensions. Primary suspensions are instead divided between acting on solid-axle wheelsets and independently rotating wheels. Lastly, a brief summary and outlook is presented in terms of benefits, research status and challenges. The potential for active suspensions in railway applications is outlined.
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| 32. |
- Fureby, Christer, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Scale Similarity Revisited in LES
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings for 4th Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Gerward, Sofia, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in out-of-hospital ischaemic heart disease deaths 1992 to 2003 in southern Sweden.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Public Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 1651-1905 .- 1403-4948. ; 40:4, s. 340-347
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AIMS: In western countries out-of-hospital ischaemic heart disease (IHD) deaths account for approximately 50-70% of all IHD deaths. The objective was to examine the trends in out-of-hospital IHD deaths in the Region of Skåne in southern Sweden, in different sex- and age-groups. METHODS: All 14,347 persons (range 24-110 years) in Skåne who died out-of-hospital between 1992 and 2003 from IHD (I410-I414; I20-I25) as the underlying cause of death. Subjects with previous admission for IHD since 1970 were excluded. Data were retrieved from the Swedish National Cause of Death and Patient Register. Age-standardized IHD mortality rates and trends were calculated using Poisson regression analysis. RESULTS: Age-standardized annual out-of-hospital IHD mortality rates from 1992-2003 decreased in men from 177±13 to 103±9/100,000 inhabitants (-4.7%; p<0.001) and in women from 142±11 to 96±9/100,000 (-2.7%; p<0.001). In men, the annual change in age-standardized IHD mortality rates were -5.3 % (p<0.001), -4.0 % (p<0.001) and -4.7 % (p<0.001), respectively, in the age groups 20-64 years, 65-74 years and ≥75 years. Corresponding figures in women were -4.4 % (p<0.001), -2.4 % (p=0.003) and -2.5 % (p<0.001). The proportion of IHD deaths occurring out-of-hospital was in these age groups 50%, 40% and 35% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In Skåne, out-of-hospital mortality in IHD deaths decreased significantly between 1992 and 2003. The decrease is more pronounced in men than women, and at the end of the study period in 2003, rates were almost equal. The proportion of IHD deaths occurring outside hospital was higher in younger people than in older people.
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| 35. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Active Modal Control of an Innovative Two-Axle Vehicle with Composite Frame Running Gear
- 2021
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Ingår i: IAVSD 2021. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. ; , s. 8-17
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the Shift2Rail projects Pivot2 and NEXTGEAR, an innovative Metro vehicle with single axle running gear and only one suspension step is proposed. A composite material running gear frame is developed to be used both as structural and as suspension element. The design with only one suspension step can significantly degrade the passengers ride comfort. Thus, active modal control is implemented both in lateral and vertical direction to increase the performance of the system. The running gear frame is modelled in Abaqus® as well as the carbody. Structural modes of both elements are implemented in SIMPACK®. A hydraulic actuator model is developed in Simscape®, where two pressure-controlled valves are used to control the pressure inside the chambers of a double acting hydraulic cylinder. A co-simulation environment is then established between SIMPACK® and Simulink®. The vehicle is running with speeds between 10 and 120 km/h. Active modal control makes it possible to maintain ride comfort levels of conventional bogie vehicles with this innovative single axle and single suspension step running gear, promising substantial weight savings of about 400 kg/m. The single axle running gear solution with active comfort control developed here can be an attractive alternative to bogies, providing reduced Life Cycle Costs.
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| 36. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Gain Scaling for Active Wheelset Steering on Innovative Two-Axle Vehicle
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the Shift2Rail project Run2Rail, an innovative single axle running gear with only one suspension step is proposed. A composite material frame shall be used both as structural and as suspension element. To improve curving performance active wheelset steering control is introduced. The selected control aims to minimize the longitudinal creepage by controlling the lateral wheelset position on the track. A two-axle vehicle is created in the MBS program SIMPACK and co-simulation is established with Simulink. The control strategy used is a simple PID control. A set of run cases with different curves and speeds is selected to verify the performance. The control gain optimal for high non-compensated lateral acceleration (NLA) tends to produce unstable results for low speeds. Control gain scaling is introduced based on vehicle speed and online estimation of the curvature. The proposed gain scheduling approach maintains the simple control formulation still solving the instability problem. Gain scheduling allows use of optimal control gains for all combinations of curve radii and vehicle speed and thereby taking the full advantage that the active wheelset steering brings to a vehicle with single axle running gears.
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| 37. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Improved curving performance of an innovative two-axle vehicle: a reasonable feedforward active steering approach
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0042-3114 .- 1744-5159.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mechatronic rail vehicle with reduced tare weight, two axles and only one level of suspension is proposed with the objective of reducing investment and maintenance costs. A wheelset to carbody connection frame in composite material will be used both as structural and as suspension element. Active control is introduced to steer the wheelsets and improve the curving performance. A feedforward control approach for active curve steering based on non-compensated lateral acceleration and curvature is proposed to overcome stability issues of a feedback approach. The feedforward approach is synthesised starting from the best achievable results of selected feedback approaches in terms of wheel energy dissipation and required actuation force. A set of 357 running cases (embracing 7 curves, 17 speeds per curve and 3 conicities) is used to design the controller. The controller is shown to perform well for conicity and track geometry variations and under the presence of track irregularities.
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| 38. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
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Towards the realization of an innovative rail vehicle - active ride comfort control
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Control Engineering Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0661 .- 1873-6939. ; 129
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Shift2Rail project Pivot2 introduces an innovative metro vehicle with two single axle running gears with only one suspension step to reduce the vehicle's weight. A U-shaped connection frame is designed in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer to further reduce weight and incorporate the anti-roll bar. Due to the poor ride comfort of the vehicle with standard passive dampers, all six dampers are replaced by hydraulic actuators. Modal control is applied and optimized with genetic algorithms. Despite the good improvements obtained, the weighted vertical acceleration remains above the acceptance level. Two modifications of modal control are studied, i.e., modal control with additional sensor, and blended control. Based on the frequency response of the results, it is proposed a low-pass filtered blended controller to neglect frame accelerations high frequency content. This last improves vertical comfort at the expenses of a more complex control system in comparison to modal control.
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| 39. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Wheel wear reduction of a mechatronic two-axle vehicle controlled with feedforward wheelset steering approaches
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The mechatronic vehicle developed within the Shift2Rail projects Run2Rail, Pivot, NEXTGEAR, and Pivot2 is evaluated with respect to wheel wear. The KTH wear model is used to determine the coefficients of Archard’s wear map to reproduce measured worn wheel profiles of the present vehicle running on Metro Madrid line 10. The same wear model is then used to evaluate the performance of the mechatronic vehicle controlled with two variants of a feedforward controller. The first one uses on-board measurements, while the second one is optimized using firefly optimisation algorithms assuming knowledge of the travelled track. The control strategy based on on-board measurements shows improvements above 60% in terms of lost wheel volume due to wear, compared to the standard bogie vehicle. The optimized controller reaches improvements above 70%. Good coherence is found between improvements predicted with the wear number and the ones achieved in terms of lost wheel volume.
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| 40. |
- Glänzel, Wolfgang, et al.
(författare)
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The decline of Swedish neuroscience : Decomposing a bibliometric national science indicator
- 2003
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Ingår i: Scientometrics. - : Kluwer Academic Publishers. - 0138-9130 .- 1588-2861. ; 57:2, s. 197-213
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have reported on a steady decline of Sweden's relative citation impact in almost all science fields, above all in the life sciences. The authors attempt to shed light on the observed decline in Swedish neuroscience through a detailed citation analysis at different level of aggregations. Thus national citation data are decomposed to the institutional, departmental and individual level. Both, the decomposition of national science indicators and changing collaboration patterns in Swedish neuroscience reveal interesting details on the 'anatomy' of a decline.
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| 41. |
- Goodall, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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An authorisation framework for actively controlled running gear
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of the Institution of mechanical engineers. Part F, journal of rail and rapid transit. - : SAGE Publications. - 0954-4097 .- 2041-3017. ; 236:9, s. 1070-1079
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A Shift2Rail funded research project called RUN2Rail has investigated a range of new technologies for railway rolling stock. The project included a task on the use of active suspensions, and one of the subtasks was to propose a strategy supporting the authorisation by safety authorities for highly innovative mechatronic vehicles to be placed on the market. The incorporation of electronics and control into suspension systems is still at an early stage, so this paper provides a framework for a practical and efficient authorisation strategy, primarily based upon existing European regulations and standards but in general applicable worldwide.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Jernheden, Elinor, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of Exact and Approximate methods for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows
- 2020
-
Ingår i: IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering. - 2161-8070 .- 2161-8089. ; 2020-August, s. 378-383
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a comparison of two approaches for solving the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW). Scheduling of vehicles for pickup and delivery is a common problem in logistics and may be expressed as VRPTW, for which both exact and approximate techniques are available. It is therefore interesting to compare such techniques to evaluate their performance and figure what is the best option based on the instance features and size. In this work, we compared Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) with Set-Based Particle Swarm optimization (S-PSO). Both algorithms are tested on the full 56 instances of the Solomon dataset. The results show that the two algorithms perform similarly for lower number of customers while there are significant differences for the cases with higher number of customers. For higher number of customers MILP consistently performs as good as or better than S-PSO for the clustered data, both with short and long scheduling horizons, while the S-PSO outperforms MILP in most cases with random and mixed random clustered data with long scheduling horizons. Furthermore when the algorithms perform the same with regards to the main objective (number of vehicles), MILP generally achieves a better result in the second objective (distance traveled).
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| 44. |
- Jin, Zihui, et al.
(författare)
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First experimental evaluation of count-rate performance for micrometre resolution deep silicon detector
- 2024
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 69:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. An ultra-fine-pitch deep silicon detector has been developed for clinical photon-counting computed tomography (CT). With a small pixel size of 14 × 650 μm2, it has shown potential to reach micrometre spatial resolution in previous simulation studies. A detector prototype with such geometry has been manufactured, and we report on the first experimental evaluation of its count-rate performance. Approach. The measurement was carried out at MAX IV synchrotron laboratory with 35 keV monochromatic x-rays. By inserting tungsten attenuators of 50, 75, 100, 150, 200, 225, 325 μ m-thicknesses into the beam, the response of the detector to fluence rates from 3.3 × 107 to 1.3 × 1011 mm−2 s−1 was characterized. Main results. The measurement result showed that the detector exhibited count rate linearity up to 6.66 × 108 mm−2 s−1 with 13% count loss and was still functional at count rate up to 2.9 × 1010 mm−2 s−1. A semi-nonparalyzable dead-time model was fitted to the count-rate behaviour of the detector, showing great agreement with the measured data, with an estimated nonparalyzable dead time of 2.9 ns. Significance. This is the first experimental evaluation of the count-rate performance for a deep silicon detector with such small pixel geometry. The results suggest that this type of detector shows the potential to be used at fluence rates encountered in clinical CT with little count loss due to pile-up.
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| 45. |
- Khraisat, Qais, 1995, et al.
(författare)
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Assessing Scale Effects on a Propeller in Uniform Inflow Condition
- 2023
-
Ingår i: NuTTS 2023 - 25th Numerical Towing Tank Symposium Proceedings.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Open water testing for model scales is a universally accepted method to evaluate the thrust, torque, and efficiency of a propeller. Even so, due to the Reynolds number dissimilarity in tests, the development of the boundary layer and the natural transition to turbulence is not the same. This creates discrepancies in the force ratios known as scale effects. To overcome this issue, the standardized ITTC 78 method was developed as an extrapolation procedure to estimate the full scale propeller delivered power and performance. With the development of Computational Fluid Dynamics numerical tools, the scaling issue could be avoided by modeling the geometry in its real sea conditions. This paper aims at studying the scaling effects of a marine propeller in uniform open water condition. The geometry can be described as a moderately skewed 4-bladed controllable pitch propeller mounted on a simplified hub, and the geometrical scaling ratio for the model λ = 27.143. A comparison of the propeller performance across a range of advance ratios J at varying scales will be presented. Results of the numerical simulations will be compared with model scale experimental measurements carried out at Kongsberg’s research facility. The overall aim of this study is to gain a perception of how the scaling effects will influence the performance of this specific propeller.
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| 46. |
- Kärrholm, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Stadens stråk och territorier
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nordisk arkitekturforskning. - 1102-5824. ; 15:2, s. 78-83
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 47. |
- Lagedal, Rickard, et al.
(författare)
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Impaired Antibody Response Is Associated with Histone-Release, Organ Dysfunction and Mortality in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Medicine. - : MDPI. - 2077-0383. ; 11:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: the pathophysiologic mechanisms explaining differences in clinical outcomes following COVID-19 are not completely described. This study aims to investigate antibody responses in critically ill patients with COVID-19 in relation to inflammation, organ failure and 30-day survival. Methods: All patients with PCR-verified COVID-19 and gave consent, and who were admitted to a tertiary Intensive care unit (ICU) in Sweden during March-September 2020 were included. Demography, repeated blood samples and measures of organ function were collected. Analyses of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (IgM, IgA and IgG) in plasma were performed and correlated to patient outcome and biomarkers of inflammation and organ failure. Results: A total of 115 patients (median age 62 years, 77% male) were included prospectively. All patients developed severe respiratory dysfunction, and 59% were treated with invasive ventilation. Thirty-day mortality was 22.6% for all included patients. Patients negative for any anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody in plasma during ICU admission had higher 30-day mortality compared to patients positive for antibodies. Patients positive for IgM had more ICU-, ventilator-, renal replacement therapy- and vasoactive medication-free days. IgA antibody concentrations correlated negatively with both SAPS3 and maximal SOFA-score and IgM-levels correlated negatively with SAPS3. Patients with antibody levels below the detection limit had higher plasma levels of extracellular histones on day 1 and elevated levels of kidney and cardiac biomarkers, but showed no signs of increased inflammation, complement activation or cytokine release. After adjusting for age, positive IgM and IgG antibodies were still associated with increased 30-day survival, with odds ratio (OR) 7.1 (1.5-34.4) and 4.2 (1.1-15.7), respectively. Conclusion: In patients with severe COVID-19 requiring intensive care, a poor antibody response is associated with organ failure, systemic histone release and increased 30-day mortality.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Midlöv, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Barriers to adherence to hypertension guidelines among GPs in southern Sweden: A survey.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 26, s. 154-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To evaluate barriers to adherence to hypertension guidelines among publicly employed general practitioners (GPs). Design. Questionnaire-based survey distributed to GPs in 24 randomly selected primary care centres in the Region of Skåne in southern Sweden. Subjects. A total of 109 GPs received a self-administered questionnaire and 90 of them responded. Main outcome measures. Use of risk assessment programmes. Reasons to postpone or abstain from pharmacological treatment for the management of hypertension. Results. Reported managing of high blood pressure (BP) varied. In all, 53% (95% CI 42-64%) of the GPs used risk assessment programmes and nine out of 10 acknowledged blood pressure target levels. Only one in 10 did not inform the patients about these levels. The range for immediate initiating pharmacological treatment was a systolic BP 140-220 (median 170) mmHg and diastolic BP 90-110 (median 100) mmHg. One-third (32%; 95% CI 22-42%) of the GPs postponed or abstained from pharmacological treatment of hypertension due to a patient's advanced age. No statistically significant associations were observed between GPs' gender, professional experience (i.e. in terms of specialist family medicine and by number of years in practice), and specific reasons to postpone or abstain from pharmacological treatment of hypertension. Conclusion. These data suggest that GPs accept higher blood pressure levels than recommended in clinical guidelines. Old age of the patient seems to be an important barrier among GPs when considering pharmacological treatment for the management of hypertension.
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| 50. |
- Moberg, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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De unga gör helt rätt när de stämmer staten : 1 620 forskare och lärare i forskarvärlden: Vi ställer oss bakom Auroras klimatkrav
- 2022
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Ingår i: Aftonbladet. - : Aftonbladet. ; :2022-12-07
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Vi, 1 620 forskare samt lärare vid universitet och högskolor, är eniga med de unga bakom Auroramålet: De drabbas och riskerar att drabbas allvarligt av klimatkrisen under sin livstid. De klimatåtgärder vi vidtar i närtid avgör deras framtid. Sverige måste ta ansvar och göra sin rättvisa andel av det globala klimatarbetet. I strid med Parisavtalet ökar utsläppen av växthusgaser i en takt som gör att 1,5-gradersmålet kan överskridas om några år. De globala effekterna blir allt mer synliga med ständiga temperaturrekord, smältande isar, havshöjning och extremväder som torka, förödande bränder och skyfall med enorma översvämningar, som i Pakistan nyligen. Försörjningen av befolkningen utsätts för allvarliga hot i många länder.Minskningen av den biologiska mångfalden är extrem. Klimatkrisen är enligt WHO det största hotet mot människors hälsa i hela världen och barn utgör en särskilt sårbar grupp. Med Sveriges nordliga läge sker uppvärmningen här dubbelt så fort som det globala genomsnittet. Det förskjuter utbredningsområden för växtlighet och sjukdomsbärande insekter och ökar förekomsten av extremväder såsom värmeböljor, skogsbränder och översvämningar samt av många olika sorters infektioner och allergier. När extremväder ökar, ökar även stressen och risken för mental ohälsa. Värmeböljor ökar risken för sjukdom och död hos sårbara grupper som äldre, små barn och personer med kroniska sjukdomar. De negativa effekterna på hälsan kommer att öka i takt med klimatkrisen och barn riskerar att drabbas av ackumulerade negativa hälsoeffekter under hela sina liv. Redan i dag är mer än hälften av unga mellan 12 och 18 år i Sverige ganska eller mycket oroliga för klimat och miljö. Detta är förståeligt när våra beslutsfattare inte gör vad som krävs.Den juridiska och moraliska grunden för arbetet mot klimatförändringarna är att varje land måste göra sin rättvisa andel av det globala klimatarbetet. Centralt i det internationella klimatramverket är att rika länder med höga historiska utsläpp, däribland Sverige, måste gå före resten av världen. Dessa länder måste också bidra till att finansiera klimatomställningen i länderna i det Globala Syd, som är minst ansvariga för klimatkrisen men drabbas hårdast. Denna rättviseprincip är tydlig i Parisavtalet och var en het diskussionsfråga under COP27 i Sharm el-Sheikh, men lyser med sin frånvaro i det svenska klimatarbetet. Sverige har satt mål för att minska sina utsläpp. Men de är helt otillräckliga: minskningstakten är för låg och målen tillåter samtidigt att åtgärder skjuts på framtiden. Dessutom exkluderas merparten av Sveriges utsläpp från de svenska nationella utsläppsmålen; bland annat utelämnas utsläpp som svensk konsumtion orsakar utanför Sveriges gränser, utsläpp från utrikes transporter och utsläpp från markanvändning och skogsbruk, exempelvis utsläpp från förbränning av biobränslen eller utsläpp från dikade våtmarker (Prop. 2016/17:146 s.25-28).Sverige saknar dessutom ett eget mål för att öka upptaget av växthusgaser genom utökat skydd och restaurering av ekosystem, något som krävs för att begränsa de värsta konsekvenserna av klimatkrisen (IPCC s.32). Trots dessa låga ambitioner misslyckas Sverige med att nå sina utsläppsmål, konstaterar både Klimatpolitiska rådet och Naturvårdsverket. En klimatpolitik i linje med Parisavtalet kräver både att alla typer av växthusgasutsläpp minskar samtidigt som – inte i stället för – upptaget av växthusgaser maximeras: i dag misslyckas Sverige på bägge fronter.Slutsatsen är tydlig. Sverige vidtar inte de åtgärder som krävs för att skydda barns och ungdomars rättigheter enligt Europakonventionen till skydd för de mänskliga rättigheterna. Detta medför allvarliga risker för liv och hälsa för unga generationer, människor i andra länder och särskilt utsatta grupper. Detta kan inte fortsätta. Därför ställer vi oss bakom Auroras krav att Sverige börjar göra sin rättvisa andel och omedelbart sätter igång ett omfattande och långtgående klimatarbete som vilar på vetenskaplig grund och sätter rättvisa i centrum.
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