| 1. |
- Kehoe, Laura, et al.
(författare)
-
Make EU trade with Brazil sustainable
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 364:6438, s. 341-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
|
|
| 2. |
- Andersson, Evert, et al.
(författare)
-
How to find a compromise between track friendliness and the ability to run at high speed
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Civil-Comp Proceedings. - Stirlingshire, UK : Civil-Comp Press. - 1759-3433. ; 98
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When designing and optimizing a rail vehicle there is a contradiction between, on the one hand, stability on straight track at high speed and, on the other hand, reasonable wheel and rail wear in small- and medium-radius curves. This paper describes the process of developing and optimizing a track-friendly bogie. A simulation model has been used to investigate dynamic stability on straight track at high speeds along with the wheel and rail wear in sharper curves. The result is a bogie with relatively soft wheelset guidance allowing passive radial self-steering, which in combination with appropriate yaw damping ensures stability on straight track at higher speeds. This bogie has been tested according to EN 14363 at speeds up to about 300 km/h and in curves with radii ranging from 250 m and up.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
|
|
| 6. |
-
Bergtagen
- 2020. - 200
-
Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
|
| 7. |
- Braam, Svenja, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring carbon source related localization and phosphorylation in the Snf1/Mig1 network using population and single cell-based a pproaches
- 2024
-
Ingår i: MICROBIAL CELL. - 2311-2638. ; 11:1, s. 143-154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AMPK/SNF1 pathway governs energy balance in eukaryotic cells, notably influencing glucose de-repression. In S. cerevisiae , Snf1 is phosphorylated and hence activated upon glucose depletion. This activation is required but is not sufficient for mediating glucose de-repression, indicating further glucosedependent regulation mechanisms. Employing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) in conjunction with non -linear mixed effects modelling, we explore the spatial dynamics of Snf1 as well as the relationship between Snf1 phosphorylation and its target Mig1 controlled by hexose sugars. Our results suggest that inactivation of Snf1 modulates Mig1 localization and that the kinetic of Snf1 localization to the nucleus is modulated by the presence of non -fermentable carbon sources. Our data offer insight into the true complexity of regulation of this central signaling pathway in orchestrating cellular responses to fluctuating environmental cues. These insights not only expand our understanding of glucose homeostasis but also pave the way for further studies evaluating the importance of Snf1 localization in relation to its phosphorylation state and regulation of downstream targets.
|
|
| 8. |
- Braam, Svenja, 1989, et al.
(författare)
-
Exploring carbon source related localization and phosphorylation in the Snf1/Mig1 network using population and single cell-based approaches
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Microbial Cell. - 2311-2638. ; 11:1, s. 143-154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AMPK/SNF1 pathway governs energy balance in eukaryotic cells, notably influencing glucose de-repression. In S. cerevisiae, Snf1 is phosphorylated and hence activated upon glucose depletion. This activation is required but is not sufficient for mediating glucose de-repression, indicating further glucose-dependent regulation mechanisms. Employing fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) in conjunction with non-linear mixed effects modelling, we explore the spatial dynamics of Snf1 as well as the relationship between Snf1 phosphorylation and its target Mig1 controlled by hexose sugars. Our results suggest that inactivation of Snf1 modulates Mig1 localization and that the kinetic of Snf1 localization to the nucleus is modulated by the presence of non-fermentable carbon sources. Our data offer insight into the true complexity of regulation of this central signaling pathway in orchestrating cellular responses to fluctuating environmental cues. These insights not only expand our understanding of glucose homeostasis but also pave the way for further studies evaluating the importance of Snf1 localization in relation to its phosphorylation state and regulation of downstream targets.
|
|
| 9. |
- Carlsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
A folding study on IAPP (Islet Amyloid Polypeptide) using molecular dynamics simulations
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Amyloidosis is the largest group among the protein misfolding diseases, and includes well known diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and type 2 diabetes. In the latter, islet amyloid is present in the pancreas in almost all individuals. Today, more than 25 different proteins have been isolated from amyloid deposits in human. Even though these proteins differ in size, charge and sequence they all have the capacity to assemble in to fibrillar structures with inseparable morphological appearance. Therefore, it can be assumed that the fibril process is based upon principles that are general for all proteins and knowledge derived from one protein can be used for other amyloid proteins. In this paper, we study the process of amyloid formation in parts of islet amyloid polypeptide (residues 18-29 and 11-37) by analyzing mutations using three different in silico methods. Finally, we use the methods to predict the amyloidogenic properties of the native IAPP and 16 variants thereof and compare the result with in vitro measurements. Using a consensus prediction of the three methods we managed to correctly classify all but two peptides. We have also given further evidence to the importance of S28P for inhibiting amyloid fibre formation, found evidence for antiparallel stacking, and identified important regions for beta sheet stability.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
- Desta, Liyew, et al.
(författare)
-
Transradial versus trans-femoral access site in high-speed rotational atherectomy in Sweden
- 2022
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 352, s. 45-51
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Radial artery is the preferred access site in contemporary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, limited data exist regarding utilization pattern, safety, and long-term efficacy of transradial artery access (TRA) PCI in heavily calcified lesions using high-speed rotational atherectomy (HSRA). Methods: All patients who underwent HSRA-PCI in Sweden between 2005 and 2016 were included. Outcomes were major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including death, myocardial infarction (MI) or target vessel revascularisation (TVR)), in-hospital bleeding and restenosis. Inverse probability of treatment weighting was used to adjust for the non-randomized access site selection. Results: We included 1479 patients of whom 649 had TRA and 782 transfemoral artery access (TFA) HSRA-PCI. The rate of TRA increased significantly by 18% per year but remained lower in HSRA-PCI (60%) than in the overall PCI population (85%) in 2016. TRA was associated with comparable angiographic success but significantly lower risk for major (adjusted OR 0.16; 95% CI 0.05–0.47) or any in-hospital bleeding (adjusted OR 0.32; 95% CI 0.13–0.78). At one year, the adjusted risk for MACE (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.67–1.13) and its individual components did not differ between TRA and TFA patients. The risk for restenosis did not significantly differ between TRA and TFA HSRA-PCI treated lesions (adjusted HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.46–1.81). Conclusion: HSRA-PCI by TRA was associated with significantly lower risk for in-hospital bleeding and equivalent long-term efficacy when compared with TFA. Our data support the feasibility and superior safety profile of TRA in HSRA-PCI.
|
|
| 12. |
- Dhillon, Arun, et al.
(författare)
-
Structural insights into the interaction between adenovirus C5 hexon and human lactoferrin
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 98:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adenovirus (AdV) infection of the respiratory epithelium is common but poorly understood. Human AdV species C types, such as HAdV-C5, utilize the Coxsackieadenovirus receptor (CAR) for attachment and subsequently integrins for entry. CAR and integrins are however located deep within the tight junctions in the mucosa where they would not be easily accessible. Recently, a model for CAR-independent AdV entry was proposed. In this model, human lactoferrin (hLF), an innate immune protein, aids the viral uptake into epithelial cells by mediating interactions between the major capsid protein, hexon, and yet unknown host cellular receptor(s). However, a detailed understanding of the molecular interactions driving this mechanism is lacking. Here, we present a new cryo-EM structure of HAdV-5C hexon at high resolution alongside a hybrid structure of HAdV-5C hexon complexed with human lactoferrin (hLF). These structures reveal the molecular determinants of the interaction between hLF and HAdV-C5 hexon. hLF engages hexon primarily via its N-terminal lactoferricin (Lfcin) region, interacting with hexon’s hypervariable region 1 (HVR-1). Mutational analyses pinpoint critical Lfcin contacts and also identify additional regions within hLF that critically contribute to hexon binding. Our study sheds more light on the intricate mechanism by which HAdV-C5 utilizes soluble hLF/Lfcin for cellular entry. These findings hold promise for advancing gene therapy applications and inform vaccine development.
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Fredriksson, Peter, et al.
(författare)
-
Alleviating Global Poverty : A Note on the Experimental Approach
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Poverty in Contemporary Economic Thought. - London : Routledge. - 9780367354268 - 9780429331312 ; , s. 188-198
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes the research by Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer, who pioneered the experimental approach to understanding poverty alleviation, for which they were awarded the 2019 Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel. Economic well-being doubled in the poorest countries between 1995 and 2018. Child mortality has been cut in half relative to 1995, and the proportion of children attending school has gone up from 56 to 80 percent. Any post-intervention differences in the outcome of interest can thus be solely attributed to the treatment. Studies using field experiments are therefore characterized by high internal validity. A key issue is whether experimental results can be generalized to other contexts, whether or not they are externally valid. In the mid-1990s, Michael Kremer and colleagues conducted the first field experiments within development economics in rural Western Kenya.
|
|
| 16. |
- Fu, Bin, et al.
(författare)
-
Active suspension in railway vehicles: a literature survey
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Railway Engineering Science. - : Springer. - 2662-4745 .- 2662-4753. ; , s. 3-35
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since the concept of active suspensions appeared, its large possible benefits has attracted continuous exploration in the field of railway engineering. With new demands of higher speed, better ride comfort and lower maintenance cost for railway vehicles, active suspensions are very promising technologies. Being the starting point of commercial application of active suspensions in rail vehicles, tilting trains have become a great success in some countries. With increased technical maturity of sensors and actuators, active suspension has unprecedented development opportunities. In this work, the basic concepts are summarized with new theories and solutions that have appeared over the last decade. Experimental studies and the implementation status of different active suspension technologies are described as well. Firstly, tilting trains are briefly described. Thereafter, an in-depth study for active secondary and primary suspensions is performed. For both topics, after an introductory section an explanation of possible solutions existing in the literature is given. The implementation status is reported. Active secondary suspensions are categorized into active and semi-active suspensions. Primary suspensions are instead divided between acting on solid-axle wheelsets and independently rotating wheels. Lastly, a brief summary and outlook is presented in terms of benefits, research status and challenges. The potential for active suspensions in railway applications is outlined.
|
|
| 17. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Active Modal Control of an Innovative Two-Axle Vehicle with Composite Frame Running Gear
- 2021
-
Ingår i: IAVSD 2021. - Cham : Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. ; , s. 8-17
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the Shift2Rail projects Pivot2 and NEXTGEAR, an innovative Metro vehicle with single axle running gear and only one suspension step is proposed. A composite material running gear frame is developed to be used both as structural and as suspension element. The design with only one suspension step can significantly degrade the passengers ride comfort. Thus, active modal control is implemented both in lateral and vertical direction to increase the performance of the system. The running gear frame is modelled in Abaqus® as well as the carbody. Structural modes of both elements are implemented in SIMPACK®. A hydraulic actuator model is developed in Simscape®, where two pressure-controlled valves are used to control the pressure inside the chambers of a double acting hydraulic cylinder. A co-simulation environment is then established between SIMPACK® and Simulink®. The vehicle is running with speeds between 10 and 120 km/h. Active modal control makes it possible to maintain ride comfort levels of conventional bogie vehicles with this innovative single axle and single suspension step running gear, promising substantial weight savings of about 400 kg/m. The single axle running gear solution with active comfort control developed here can be an attractive alternative to bogies, providing reduced Life Cycle Costs.
|
|
| 18. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Gain Scaling for Active Wheelset Steering on Innovative Two-Axle Vehicle
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. - Cham : Springer International Publishing.
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within the Shift2Rail project Run2Rail, an innovative single axle running gear with only one suspension step is proposed. A composite material frame shall be used both as structural and as suspension element. To improve curving performance active wheelset steering control is introduced. The selected control aims to minimize the longitudinal creepage by controlling the lateral wheelset position on the track. A two-axle vehicle is created in the MBS program SIMPACK and co-simulation is established with Simulink. The control strategy used is a simple PID control. A set of run cases with different curves and speeds is selected to verify the performance. The control gain optimal for high non-compensated lateral acceleration (NLA) tends to produce unstable results for low speeds. Control gain scaling is introduced based on vehicle speed and online estimation of the curvature. The proposed gain scheduling approach maintains the simple control formulation still solving the instability problem. Gain scheduling allows use of optimal control gains for all combinations of curve radii and vehicle speed and thereby taking the full advantage that the active wheelset steering brings to a vehicle with single axle running gears.
|
|
| 19. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Improved curving performance of an innovative two-axle vehicle: a reasonable feedforward active steering approach
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0042-3114 .- 1744-5159.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A mechatronic rail vehicle with reduced tare weight, two axles and only one level of suspension is proposed with the objective of reducing investment and maintenance costs. A wheelset to carbody connection frame in composite material will be used both as structural and as suspension element. Active control is introduced to steer the wheelsets and improve the curving performance. A feedforward control approach for active curve steering based on non-compensated lateral acceleration and curvature is proposed to overcome stability issues of a feedback approach. The feedforward approach is synthesised starting from the best achievable results of selected feedback approaches in terms of wheel energy dissipation and required actuation force. A set of 357 running cases (embracing 7 curves, 17 speeds per curve and 3 conicities) is used to design the controller. The controller is shown to perform well for conicity and track geometry variations and under the presence of track irregularities.
|
|
| 20. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Towards the realization of an innovative rail vehicle - active ride comfort control
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Control Engineering Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0967-0661 .- 1873-6939. ; 129
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Shift2Rail project Pivot2 introduces an innovative metro vehicle with two single axle running gears with only one suspension step to reduce the vehicle's weight. A U-shaped connection frame is designed in Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer to further reduce weight and incorporate the anti-roll bar. Due to the poor ride comfort of the vehicle with standard passive dampers, all six dampers are replaced by hydraulic actuators. Modal control is applied and optimized with genetic algorithms. Despite the good improvements obtained, the weighted vertical acceleration remains above the acceptance level. Two modifications of modal control are studied, i.e., modal control with additional sensor, and blended control. Based on the frequency response of the results, it is proposed a low-pass filtered blended controller to neglect frame accelerations high frequency content. This last improves vertical comfort at the expenses of a more complex control system in comparison to modal control.
|
|
| 21. |
- Giossi, Rocco Libero, 1991-, et al.
(författare)
-
Wheel wear reduction of a mechatronic two-axle vehicle controlled with feedforward wheelset steering approaches
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The mechatronic vehicle developed within the Shift2Rail projects Run2Rail, Pivot, NEXTGEAR, and Pivot2 is evaluated with respect to wheel wear. The KTH wear model is used to determine the coefficients of Archard’s wear map to reproduce measured worn wheel profiles of the present vehicle running on Metro Madrid line 10. The same wear model is then used to evaluate the performance of the mechatronic vehicle controlled with two variants of a feedforward controller. The first one uses on-board measurements, while the second one is optimized using firefly optimisation algorithms assuming knowledge of the travelled track. The control strategy based on on-board measurements shows improvements above 60% in terms of lost wheel volume due to wear, compared to the standard bogie vehicle. The optimized controller reaches improvements above 70%. Good coherence is found between improvements predicted with the wear number and the ones achieved in terms of lost wheel volume.
|
|
| 22. |
|
|
| 23. |
- Githumbi, Esther, et al.
(författare)
-
European pollen-based REVEALS land-cover reconstructions for the Holocene : Methodology, mapping and potentials
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Earth System Science Data. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1866-3508 .- 1866-3516. ; 14:4, s. 1581-1619
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative reconstructions of past land cover are necessary to determine the processes involved in climate-human-land-cover interactions. We present the first temporally continuous and most spatially extensive pollen-based land-cover reconstruction for Europe over the Holocene (last 11g€¯700g€¯calg€¯yrg€¯BP). We describe how vegetation cover has been quantified from pollen records at a 11 spatial scale using the "Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites"(REVEALS) model. REVEALS calculates estimates of past regional vegetation cover in proportions or percentages. REVEALS has been applied to 1128 pollen records across Europe and part of the eastern Mediterranean-Black Sea-Caspian corridor (30-75° N, 25° W-50° E) to reconstruct the percentage cover of 31 plant taxa assigned to 12 plant functional types (PFTs) and 3 land-cover types (LCTs). A new synthesis of relative pollen productivities (RPPs) for European plant taxa was performed for this reconstruction. It includes multiple RPP values (≥2 values) for 39 taxa and single values for 15 taxa (total of 54 taxa). To illustrate this, we present distribution maps for five taxa (Calluna vulgaris, Cerealia type (t)., Picea abies, deciduous Quercus t. and evergreen Quercus t.) and three land-cover types (open land, OL; evergreen trees, ETs; and summer-green trees, STs) for eight selected time windows. The reliability of the REVEALS reconstructions and issues related to the interpretation of the results in terms of landscape openness and human-induced vegetation change are discussed. This is followed by a review of the current use of this reconstruction and its future potential utility and development. REVEALS data quality are primarily determined by pollen count data (pollen count and sample, pollen identification, and chronology) and site type and number (lake or bog, large or small, one site vs. multiple sites) used for REVEALS analysis (for each grid cell). A large number of sites with high-quality pollen count data will produce more reliable land-cover estimates with lower standard errors compared to a low number of sites with lower-quality pollen count data. The REVEALS data presented here can be downloaded from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.937075 (Fyfe et al., 2022).
|
|
| 24. |
- Grossi, Mario, et al.
(författare)
-
Inhibition of polyamine uptake potentiates the anti-proliferative effect of polyamine synthesis inhibition and preserves the contractile phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Cellular Physiology. - : Wiley. - 1097-4652 .- 0021-9541.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation is a factor in atherosclerosis and injury-induced arterial (re)stenosis. Inhibition of polyamine synthesis by α-difluoro-methylornithine (DFMO), an irreversible inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, attenuates VSMC proliferation with high sensitivity and specificity. However, cells can escape polyamine synthesis blockade by importing polyamines from the environment. To address this issue, polyamine transport inhibitors (PTIs) have been developed. We investigated the effects of the novel trimer44NMe (PTI-1) alone and in combination with DFMO on VSMC polyamine uptake, proliferation and phenotype regulation. PTI-1 efficiently inhibited polyamine uptake in primary mouse aortic and human coronary VSMCs in the absence as well as in the presence of DFMO. Interestingly, culture with DFMO for 2 days substantially (>95%) reduced putrescine (Put) and spermidine (Spd) contents without any effect on proliferation. Culture with PTI-1 alone had no effect on either polyamine levels or proliferation rate, but the combination of both treatments reduced Put and Spd levels below the detection limit and inhibited proliferation. Treatment with DFMO for a longer time period (4 days) reduced Put and Spd below their detection limits and reduced proliferation, showing that only a small pool of polyamines is needed to sustain VSMC proliferation. Inhibited proliferation by polyamine depletion was associated with maintained expression of contractile smooth marker genes. In cultured intact mouse aorta, PTI-1 potentiated the DFMO-induced inhibition of cell proliferation. The combination of endogenous polyamine synthesis inhibition with uptake blockade is thus a viable approach for targeting unwanted vascular cell proliferation in vivo, including vascular restenosis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
|
|
| 25. |
- Guenther, E. W., et al.
(författare)
-
A new mass and radius determination of the ultra-short period planet K2-106b and the fluffy planet K2-106c
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. - 0035-8711 .- 1365-2966. ; 529:1, s. 141-154
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ultra-short period planets (USPs) have orbital periods of less than 1 d. Since their masses and radii can be determined to a higher precision than long-period planets, they are the preferred targets to determine the density of planets which constrains their composition. The K2-106 system is particularly interesting because it contains two planets of nearly identical masses. One is a high-density USP, the other is a low-density planet that has an orbital period of 13 d. Combining the Gaia DR3 results with new ESPRESSO data allows us to determine the masses and radii of the two planets more precisely than before. We find that the USP K2-106 b has a density consistent with an Earth-like composition, and K2-106 c is a low-density planet that presumably has an extended atmosphere. We measure a radius of R p = 1 . 676 + 0 . 037 -0 . 037 R ⊕, a mass of M p = 7 . 80 + 0 . 71 -0 . 70 M ⊕, and a density of ρ= 9 . 09 + 0 . 98 -0 . 98 g cm -3 for K2-106 b. For K2-106 c, we derive R p = 2 . 84 + 0 . 10 -0 . 08 R ⊕, M p = 7 . 3 + 2 . 5 -2 . 4 M ⊕, and a density of ρ= 1 . 72 + 0 . 66 -0 . 58 g cm -3 . We finally discuss the possible structures of the two planets with respect to other low-mass planets.
|
|
| 26. |
- Gustavsson, Emil, 1987, et al.
(författare)
-
Modulation of Structural Heterogeneity Controls Phytochrome Photoswitching
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Biophysical Journal. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3495 .- 1542-0086. ; 118:2, s. 415-421
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochromes sense red/far-red light and control many biological processes in plants, fungi, and bacteria. Although the crystal structures of dark- and light-adapted states have been determined, the molecular mechanisms underlying photoactivation remain elusive. Here, we demonstrate that the conserved tongue region of the PHY domain of a 57-kDa photosensory module of Deinococcus radiodurans phytochrome changes from a structurally heterogeneous dark state to an ordered, light-activated state. The results were obtained in solution by utilizing a laser-triggered activation approach detected on the atomic level with high-resolution protein NMR spectroscopy. The data suggest that photosignaling of phytochromes relies on careful modulation of structural heterogeneity of the PHY tongue.
|
|
| 27. |
- Hedlund, Sebastian, et al.
(författare)
-
Dendritic cell activation by sensing Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced apoptotic neutrophils via DC-SIGN
- 2010
-
Ingår i: HUMAN IMMUNOLOGY. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0198-8859 .- 1879-1166. ; 71:6, s. 535-540
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) manipulates cells of the innate immune system to provide the bacteria with a sustainable intracellular niche. Mtb spread through aerosol carrying them deep into the lungs, where they are internalized by phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils (PMNs), dendritic cells (DCs), and macrophages. PMNs undergo accelerated apoptosis after interaction with the bacterium, and apoptotic cells are sequestered by neighboring phagocytes. Removal of aged apoptotic cells because of natural tissue turnover is described as an immunologically silent process facilitating resolution of inflammation and inhibition of DC maturation. Silencing of immune cells could be favorable for intracellular bacteria. The aim of this study was to clarify the interaction between Mtb-induced apoptotic PMNs and DCs, and evaluate whether this interaction follows the proposed anti-inflammatory pathway. In contrast to aged apoptotic cells, Mtb-induced apoptotic PMNs induced functional DC maturation. We found that the cell fraction from Mtb-induced apoptotic PMNs contained almost all stimulatory capacity, suggesting that cell-cell interaction is crucial for DC activation. Inhibitory studies showed that this cell contact-dependent activation required binding of the PMN Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) to the DC via DC-SIGN and endocytic activity involving the alpha(v)beta(5) but did not involve the scavenger receptor CD36. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the DCs can distinguish between normal and infected apoptotic PMNs via cellular crosstalk, where the DCs can sense the presence of danger on the Mtb-infected PMNs and modulate their response accordingly.
|
|
| 28. |
- Hedlund, Sebastian R., et al.
(författare)
-
Dendritic cell activation by sensing Mycobacterium tuberculosis-induced apoptotic neutrophils via DC-SIGN
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected individuals cells of the innate immune system accumulate in the spleen and in granulomas, but how this relates to the protection against Mtb or in the pathogenesis is unknown. Mtb is internalized in the lung by phagocytic cells, such as neutrophils (PMNs), dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages. PMNs undergo accelerated apoptosis after internalization of the bacterium and are subsequently sequestered by neighbouring phagocytes. Removal of aged apoptotic cells is an immunologically silent process and the aim of this study was to clarify the interaction between Mtb-induced apoptotic PMNs and DCs, and evaluate if this interaction induced functional maturation of the DCs. In fact, Mtb-induced apoptotic PMNs induced DC maturation, whereas exposure to spontaneous apoptotic PMNs had no effect on DCs maturation status. We found that the cell fraction contained almost all stimulatory capacity, suggesting that the cell-cell interaction is crucial for DC activation. Inhibitory studies showed that this cell contact-dependent activation required binding of the PMN Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) to the DC via DC-SIGN and endocytic activity. Taken together, this study proves that the DCs can distinguish between normal and infected apoptotic PMNs via cellular cross talk, where the DCs can sense the presence of danger on the Mtb-infected PMNs and modulate their response accordingly.
|
|
| 29. |
- Hillberg, Emil, et al.
(författare)
-
Flexibility needs in the future power system
- 2019
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Power system flexibility relates to the ability of the power system to manage changes. Solutions providing advances in flexibility are of utmost importance for the future power system. Development and deployment of innovative technologies, communication and monitoring possibilities, as well as increased interaction and information exchange, are enablers to provide holistic flexibility solutions. Furthermore, development of new methods for market design and analysis, as well as methods and procedures related to system planning and operation, will be required to utilise available flexibility to provide most value to society. However, flexibility is not a unified term and is lacking a commonly accepted definition. Several definitions of flexibility have been suggested, some of which restrict the definition of flexibility to relate to changes in supply and demand while others do not put this limitation. The flexibility term is used as an umbrella covering various needs and aspects in the power system. This situation makes it highly complex to discuss flexibility in the power system and craves for differentiation to enhance clarity. In this report, the solution has been to differentiate the flexibility term on needs, and to categorise flexibility needs in four categories: Flexibility for Power: - Need Description: Short term equilibrium between power supply and power demand, a system wide requirement for maintaining the frequency stability. - Main Rationale: Increased amount of intermittent, weather dependent, power supply in the generation mix. - Activation Timescale: Fractions of a second up to an hour. Flexibility for Energy: - Need Description: Medium to long term equilibrium between energy supply and energy demand, a system wide requirement for demand scenarios over time. - Main Rationale: Decreased amount of fuel storage-based energy supply in the generation mix. - Activation Timescale: Hours to several years. Flexibility for Transfer Capacity: - Need Description: Short to medium term ability to transfer power between supply and demand, where local or regional limitations may cause bottlenecks resulting in congestion costs. - Main Rationale: Increased utilisation levels, with increased peak demands and increased peak supply. - Activation Timescale: Minutes to several hours. Flexibility for Voltage: - Need Description: Short term ability to keep the bus voltages within predefined limits, a local and regional requirement. - Main Rationale: Increased amount of distributed power generation in the distribution systems, resulting in bi-directional power flows and increased variance of operating scenarios. - Activation Timescale: Seconds to tens of minutes.Here, flexibility needs are considered from over-all system perspectives (stability, frequency and energy supply) and from more local perspectives (transfer capacities, voltage and power quality). With flexibility support considered for both operation and planning of the power system, it is required in a timescale from fractions of a second (e.g. stability and frequency support) to minutes and hours (e.g. thermal loadings and generation dispatch) to months and years (e.g. planning for seasonal adequacy and planning of new investments).
|
|
| 30. |
- Holmqvist, Mona, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
Bestydelsen av slutbokstaven s i engelska ord : en studie av elevers sätt att förstå vad tillägget av -s innebär
- 2006
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Denna studie beskriver hur elever från skolår fem till gymnasiets första år erfar slutbokstaven s i engelska ord. Den metod som använts i studien är learning study med parallella lektioner (Holmqvist, M., Gustavsson, I. & Wernberg, A., in press). Studien genomförs med en variationsteoretisk utgångspunkt (Holmqvist, 2004), vilket innebär att ett särskilt fokus riktas på lärandeobjektets kritiska aspekter, det vill säga vad som måste urskiljas för att förståelse uppnås av ett fenomen. Dessutom studeras om och hur eleverna erbjuds att urskilja dessa, om de kan eller erbjuds urskilja flera aspekter simultant (samtidigt) samt vilken form av variation som elevernas uttryckta erfarande visar. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i vad eleverna erfar, något som analyseras utifrån en fenomenografisk ansats. Därefter planeras en lektion grundad i analyser av dels videoobservationer efter de inspelade lektionerna och dels elevernas resultat vid de test som genomförts, vilka fokuserar på förekomst av slutbokstaven s i följande former: sammandragen form, plural, tredje person singular presens, genitiv samt självständiga possessiva pronomen. Resultaten pekar på att sammandragen form samt självständiga possessiva pronomen är kritiskt att förstå för elever i främst skolår fem, men därefter tycks det som om eleverna har god förståelse av sammandragen form (’s) medan de avseende självständiga possessiva pronomen visserligen har en känsla för vad som är korrekt men inte kan berätta varför sådana ord kan sluta på s. Avseende plural-s tycks detta vålla stora problem, bland annat på grund av ord som i svenska är singular men i engelska motsvaras av plural form. Det är enklare för eleverna att urskilja när det ska vara ett s på verbet efter tredje person singular.I varje område analyseras vilka de kritiska aspekterna är för lärandeobjektet. Vi har till exempel sett att majoriteten av eleverna tror att verbändelsen –s enbart/främst talar om vilken form verbet har (presens eller imperfekt). Resultaten visar vad som krävs för att förstå –s i olika former och vad detta innebär för undervisningen.
|
|
| 31. |
- Holmqvist, Mona, et al.
(författare)
-
Bestydelsen av slutbokstaven s i engelska ord : en studie av elevers sätt att förstå vad tillägget av -s innebär
- 2006
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna studie beskriver hur elever från skolår fem till gymnasiets första år erfar slutbokstaven s i engelska ord. Den metod som använts i studien är learning study med parallella lektioner (Holmqvist, M., Gustavsson, I. & Wernberg, A., in press). Studien genomförs med en variationsteoretisk utgångspunkt (Holmqvist, 2004), vilket innebär att ett särskilt fokus riktas på lärandeobjektets kritiska aspekter, det vill säga vad som måste urskiljas för att förståelse uppnås av ett fenomen. Dessutom studeras om och hur eleverna erbjuds att urskilja dessa, om de kan eller erbjuds urskilja flera aspekter simultant (samtidigt) samt vilken form av variation som elevernas uttryckta erfarande visar. Studien tar sin utgångspunkt i vad eleverna erfar, något som analyseras utifrån en fenomenografisk ansats. Därefter planeras en lektion grundad i analyser av dels videoobservationer efter de inspelade lektionerna och dels elevernas resultat vid de test som genomförts, vilka fokuserar på förekomst av slutbokstaven s i följande former: sammandragen form, plural, tredje person singular presens, genitiv samt självständiga possessiva pronomen. Resultaten pekar på att sammandragen form samt självständiga possessiva pronomen är kritiskt att förstå för elever i främst skolår fem, men därefter tycks det som om eleverna har god förståelse av sammandragen form (’s) medan de avseende självständiga possessiva pronomen visserligen har en känsla för vad som är korrekt men inte kan berätta varför sådana ord kan sluta på s. Avseende plural-s tycks detta vålla stora problem, bland annat på grund av ord som i svenska är singular men i engelska motsvaras av plural form. Det är enklare för eleverna att urskilja när det ska vara ett s på verbet efter tredje person singular. I varje område analyseras vilka de kritiska aspekterna är för lärandeobjektet. Vi har till exempel sett att majoriteten av eleverna tror att verbändelsen –s enbart/främst talar om vilken form verbet har (presens eller imperfekt). Resultaten visar vad som krävs för att förstå –s i olika former och vad detta innebär för undervisningen.
|
|
| 32. |
- Huang, Xiaoli, et al.
(författare)
-
Breast cancer stem cell selectivity of synthetic nanomolar-active salinomycin analogs.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 16:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been invoked in resistance, recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Consequently, curative cancer treatments may be contingent on CSC selective approaches. Of particular interest in this respect is the ionophore salinomycin, a natural product shown to be 100-fold more active against CSCs than clinically used paclitaxel. We have previously reported that synthetic salinomycin derivatives display increased activity against breast cancer cell lines. Herein we specifically investigate the CSC selectivity of the most active member in each class of C20-O-acylated analogs as well as a C1-methyl ester analog incapable of charge-neutral metal ion transport. METHODS: JIMT-1 breast cancer cells were treated with three C20-O-acylated analogs, the C1-methyl ester of salinomycin, and salinomycin. The effects of treatment on the CSC-related CD44(+)/CD24(-) and the aldehyde dehydrogenase positive (ALDH(+)) populations were determined using flow cytometry. The survival ability of CSCs after treatment was investigated with a colony formation assay under serum free conditions. The effect of the compounds on cell migration was evaluated using wound-healing and Boyden chamber assays. The expression of vimentin, related to mesenchymal traits and expression of E-cadherin and β-catenin, related to the epithelial traits, were investigated using immunofluorescence microscopy. RESULTS: Treatment with each of the three C20-acylated analogs efficiently decreased the putative CSC population as reflected by reduction of the CD44(+)/CD24(-) and ALDH(+) populations already at a 50 nM concentration. In addition, colony forming efficiency and cell migration were reduced, and the expression of the epithelial markers E-cadherin and β-catenin at the cell surface were increased. In contrast, salinomycin used at the same concentration did not significantly influence the CSC population and the C1-methyl ester was inactive even at a 20 μM concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Synthetic structural analogs of salinomycin, previously shown to exhibit increased activity against cancer cells, also exhibited improved activity against CSCs across several assays even at nanomolar concentrations where salinomycin was found inactive. The methyl ester analog of salinomycin, incapable of charge-neutral metal ion transport, did not show activity in CSC assays, lending experimental support to ionophoric stress as the molecular initiating event for the CSC effects of salinomycin and related structures.
|
|
| 33. |
- Huang, Xiaoli, et al.
(författare)
-
The Molecular Basis for Inhibition of Stemlike Cancer Cells by Salinomycin
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ACS Central Science. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2374-7943 .- 2374-7951. ; 4:6, s. 760-767
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tumors are phenotypically heterogeneous and include subpopulations of cancer cells with stemlike properties. The natural product salinomycin, a K+-selective ionophore, was recently found to exert selectivity against such cancer stem cells. This selective effect is thought to be due to inhibition of the Wnt signaling pathway, but the mechanistic basis remains unclear. Here, we develop a functionally competent fluorescent conjugate of salinomycin to investigate the molecular mechanism of this compound. By subcellular imaging, we demonstrate a rapid cellular uptake of the conjugate and accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This localization is connected to induction of Ca2+ release from the ER into the cytosol. Depletion of Ca2+ from the ER induces the unfolded protein response as shown by global mRNA analysis and Western blot analysis of proteins in the pathway. In particular, salinomycin-induced ER Ca2+ depletion up-regulates C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), which inhibits Wnt signaling by down-regulating β-catenin. The increased cytosolic Ca2+ also activates protein kinase C, which has been shown to inhibit Wnt signaling. These results reveal that salinomycin acts in the ER membrane of breast cancer cells to cause enhanced Ca2+ release into the cytosol, presumably by mediating a counter-flux of K+ ions. The clarified mechanistic picture highlights the importance of ion fluxes in the ER as an entry to inducing phenotypic effects and should facilitate rational development of cancer treatments.
|
|
| 34. |
- Isaksson, Linnéa, et al.
(författare)
-
Signaling Mechanism of Phytochromes in Solution.
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Structure. - : Elsevier BV. - 1878-4186 .- 0969-2126. ; 29:2, s. 151-160
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytochrome proteins guide the red/far-red photoresponse of plants, fungi, and bacteria. Crystal structures suggest that the mechanism of signal transduction from the chromophore to the output domains involves refolding of the so-called PHY tongue. It is currently not clear how the two other notable structural features of the phytochrome superfamily, the so-called helical spine and a knot in the peptide chain, are involved in photoconversion. Here, we present solution NMR data of the complete photosensory core module from Deinococcus radiodurans. Photoswitching between the resting and the active states induces changes in amide chemical shifts, residual dipolar couplings, and relaxation dynamics. All observables indicate a photoinduced structural change in the knot region and lower part of the helical spine. This implies that a conformational signal is transduced from the chromophore to the helical spine through the PAS and GAF domains. The discovered pathway underpins functional studies of plant phytochromes and may explain photosensing by phytochromes under biological conditions.
|
|
| 35. |
- Jurga, Juliane, et al.
(författare)
-
Pretreatment With P2Y12 Inhibitors in Patients With Chronic Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention : A Report From the Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Circulation. Cardiovascular Interventions. - : NLM (Medline). - 1941-7640 .- 1941-7632. ; 14:11, s. 1086-1093
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In patients with chronic coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, the optimal timing of P2Y12 inhibitors' administration is uncertain. We compared pretreatment versus treatment in the catheterization laboratory (In-Cathlab) in a real-world population.METHODS: In Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry, all patients with chronic coronary syndrome undergoing coronary angiography and ad hoc percutaneous coronary intervention, between 2006 and 2017 were identified. Pretreatment was defined as P2Y12 inhibitor administration before coronary angiography, outside the catheterization laboratory. Outcomes were net adverse clinical events including death, myocardial infarction, stroke, or bleeding within 30 days of the index procedure and in-hospital bleeding.RESULTS: We included 26 814 patients, 8237 in the In-Cathlab, and 18 577 in the pretreatment group. In-Cathlab treatment compared with pretreatment was associated with lower risk for net adverse clinical event (4.2 versus 5.1%, adjusted hazard ratio 0.79 [0.63-0.99]), bleeding (2.3 versus 2.6%, adjusted hazard ratio, 0.76 [0.57-1.01]). and in-hospital bleeding (1.9 versus 2.1%, adjusted odds ratio, 0.70 [0.51-0.96]). The risk for death, myocardial infarction, or stroke did not significantly differ between the groups. Among the In-Cathlab treated patients, 41% received ticagrelor or prasugrel and 59% clopidogrel. Treatment with ticagrelor or prasugrel was associated with higher risk for net adverse clinical events (5.4% versus 3.4%, adjusted hazard ratio, 1.66 [1.12-2.48]), bleeding (3.4 versus 1.6%, adjusted hazard ratio, 2.14 [1.34-3.42]), and in-hospital bleeding (2.9 versus 1.2%, adjusted odds ratio, 2.24 [1.29-3.90]) but similar risk for death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, compared with clopidogrel.CONCLUSIONS: In patients with chronic coronary syndrome undergoing coronary angiography and ad hoc percutaneous coronary intervention, pretreatment with P2Y12 inhibitors, before arrival to the catheterization laboratory, was not associated with improved clinical outcomes but was associated with increased risk for bleeding. Our data support clopidogrel administration in the catheterization laboratory as the standard of care. Graphic Abstract: A graphic abstract is available for this article.
|
|
| 36. |
- Jönsson, Per-Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
New Simulation Model for Freight Wagons with UIC Link Suspension
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0042-3114 .- 1744-5159. ; 46:Suppl. S, s. 695-704
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Previous freight wagon model developed at KTH is able to explain many of the phenomena observed in tests. In some cases. however, simulated and measured running behaviour differ. Therefore, in this paper, a new simulation model is presented and validated with on-track test results. The performance of standard two-axle freight wagons is investigated. The most important parameters for the running:behaviour of the vehicle are the suspension characteristics. The variation in characteristics between different wagons is large due to geometrical tolerances of the components, wear, corrosion, moisture or other lubrication. The influence of the variation in suspension characteristics and other Parameters oil the behaviour of the wagon on tangent track and in curves is discussed. Finally, suggestions for improvements of the system are made.
|
|
| 37. |
- Kashyap, Vasundhra, et al.
(författare)
-
Regulation of Stem Cell Pluripotency and Differentiation Involves a Mutual Regulatory Circuit of the Nanog, OCT4, and SOX2 Pluripotency Transcription Factors With Polycomb Repressive Complexes and Stem Cell microRNAs
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Stem Cells and Development. - : Mary Ann Liebert. - 1547-3287 .- 1557-8534. ; 18:7, s. 1093-1108
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Coordinated transcription factor networks have emerged as the master regulatory mechanisms of stem cell pluripotency and differentiation. Many stem cell-specific transcription factors, including the pluripotency transcription factors, OCT4, NANOG, and SOX2 function in combinatorial complexes to regulate the expression of loci, which are involved in embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency and cellular differentiation. This review will address how these pathways form a reciprocal regulatory circuit whereby the equilibrium between stem cell self-renewal, proliferation, and differentiation is in perpetual balance. We will discuss how distinct epigenetic repressive pathways involving polycomb complexes, DNA methylation, and microRNAs cooperate to reduce transcriptional noise and to prevent stochastic and aberrant induction of differentiation. We will provide a brief overview of how these networks cooperate to modulate differentiation along hematopoietic and neuronal lineages. Finally, we will describe how aberrant functioning of components of the stem cell regulatory network may contribute to malignant transformation of adult stem cells and the establishment of a "cancer stem cell" phenotype and thereby underlie multiple types of human malignancies.
|
|
| 38. |
- Kindlund, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
-
Kinetic Engineering of Wurtzite and Zinc-Blende AlSb Shells on InAs Nanowires
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Nano Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1530-6984 .- 1530-6992. ; 18:9, s. 5775-5781
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using AlSb as the model system, we demonstrate that kinetic limitations can lead to the preferential growth of wurtzite (WZ) AlSb shells rather than the thermodynamically stable zinc-blende (ZB) AlSb and that the WZ and ZB relative thickness can be tuned by a careful control of the deposition parameters. We report selective heteroepitaxial radial growth of AlSb deposited by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) on InAs nanowire core templates with engineered lengths of axial WZ and ZB segments. AlSb shell thickness, crystal phase, nanostructure, and composition are investigated as a function of the shell growth temperature, Ts, using scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron tomography, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We find that ZB- and WZ-structured AlSb shells grow heteroepitaxially around the ZB and WZ segments of the InAs core, respectively. Surprisingly, at 390 < Ts < 450 °C, the WZ-AlSb shells are thicker than the ZB-AlSb shells, and their thickness increases with decreasing Ts. In comparison, the ZB-AlSb shell thicknesses increase slightly with increasing Ts. We find that the increased thickness of the WZ-AlSb shells is due to the formation and enhanced deposition on {112-0} facets rather than on the more commonly grown {101-0} sidewall facets. Overall, these results, which are in direct contrast with previous reports suggesting that heteroepitaxial radial growth of III-antimonides is always favored on the ZB-structure facets, indicate that the growth of WZ-AlSb is preferred over the thermodynamically stable ZB-AlSb at lower growth temperatures. We attribute this behavior to kinetic limitations of MOVPE of AlSb on ZB and WZ phases of InAs.
|
|
| 39. |
- Leleu, A., et al.
(författare)
-
Six transiting planets and a chain of Laplace resonances in TOI-178
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 649
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Determining the architecture of multi-planetary systems is one of the cornerstones of understanding planet formation and evolution. Resonant systems are especially important as the fragility of their orbital configuration ensures that no significant scattering or collisional event has taken place since the earliest formation phase when the parent protoplanetary disc was still present. In this context, TOI-178 has been the subject of particular attention since the first TESS observations hinted at the possible presence of a near 2:3:3 resonant chain. Here we report the results of observations from CHEOPS, ESPRESSO, NGTS, and SPECULOOS with the aim of deciphering the peculiar orbital architecture of the system. We show that TOI-178 harbours at least six planets in the super-Earth to mini-Neptune regimes, with radii ranging from 1.152 to 2.87 Earth radii and periods of 1.91, 3.24, 6.56, 9.96, 15.23, and 20.71 days. All planets but the innermost one form a 2:4:6:9:12 chain of Laplace resonances, and the planetary densities show important variations from planet to planet, jumping from 1.02 to 0.177 times the Earth's density between planets c and d. Using Bayesian interior structure retrieval models, we show that the amount of gas in the planets does not vary in a monotonous way, contrary to what one would expect from simple formation and evolution models and unlike other known systems in a chain of Laplace resonances. The brightness of TOI-178 (H = 8.76 mag, J = 9.37 mag, V = 11.95 mag) allows for a precise characterisation of its orbital architecture as well as of the physical nature of the six presently known transiting planets it harbours. The peculiar orbital configuration and the diversity in average density among the planets in the system will enable the study of interior planetary structures and atmospheric evolution, providing important clues on the formation of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes. -0.070 -0.13 -0.23 -0.061 +0.073 +0.14 +0.28 +0.055
|
|
| 40. |
- Lind, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Obesity is associated with coronary artery stenosis independently of metabolic risk factors : the population-based SCAPIS study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier. - 0021-9150 .- 1879-1484. ; 362, s. 1-10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and aims: Previous studies reported divergent results on whether metabolically healthy obesity is associated with increased coronary artery calcium and carotid plaques. We investigated this in a cross-sectional fashion in a large, well-defined, middle-aged population using coronary CT angiography (CCTA) and carotid ultrasound. Methods: In the SCAPIS study (50–65 years, 51% female), CCTA and carotid artery ultrasound were performed in 23,674 individuals without clinical atherosclerotic disease. These subjects were divided into six groups according to BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese) and the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) according to the NCEP consensus criteria. Results: The severity of coronary artery stenosis was increased in individuals with obesity without MetS compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.34–1.62; p < 0.0001), even after adjusting for non-HDL-cholesterol and several lifestyle factors. Such difference was not observed for the presence of carotid artery plaques (OR 0.94, 95%CI 0.87–1.02; p = 0.11). Obese or overweight individuals without any MetS criteria (except the waist criterion) showed significantly more pronounced stenosis in the coronary arteries as compared to the normal-weight individuals, while one criterion was needed to show increased plaque prevalence in the carotid arteries. High blood pressure was the most important single criterion for increased atherosclerosis in this respect. Conclusions: Individuals with obesity without MetS showed increased severity of coronary artery stenosis, but no increased occurrence of carotid artery plaques compared to normal-weight individuals without MetS, further emphasizing that obesity is not a benign condition even in the absence of MetS.
|
|
| 41. |
- Meirose, Bernhard, et al.
(författare)
-
Real-time accelerator diagnostic tools for the max iv storage rings
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Instruments. - : MDPI AG. - 2410-390X. ; 4:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, beam diagnostic and monitoring tools developed by the MAX IV Operations Group are discussed. In particular, beam position monitoring and accelerator tunes visualization software tools, as well as tools that directly influence the beam quality and stability, are introduced. An availability and downtime monitoring application is also presented.
|
|
| 42. |
- Mohammad, Moman A., et al.
(författare)
-
Incidence and outcome of myocardial infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention during COVID-19 pandemic
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Heart. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 1355-6037 .- 1468-201X. ; 106:23, s. 1812-1818
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Most reports on the declining incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) during the COVID-19 have either been anecdotal, survey results or geographically limited to areas with lockdowns. We examined the incidence of MI during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden, which has remained an open society with a different public health approach fighting COVID-19.METHODS: We assessed the incidence rate (IR) as well as the incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of all MI referred for coronary angiography in Sweden using the nationwide Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry (SCAAR), during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden (1 March 2020-7 May 2020) in relation to the same days 2015-2019.RESULTS: A total of 2443 MIs were referred for coronary angiography during the COVID-19 pandemic resulting in an IR 36 MIs/day (204 MIs/100 000 per year) compared with 15 213 MIs during the reference period with an IR of 45 MIs/day (254 MIs/100 000 per year) resulting in IRR of 0.80, 95% CI (0.74 to 0.86), p<0.001. Results were consistent in all investigated patient subgroups, indicating no change in patient category seeking cardiac care. Kaplan-Meier event rates for 7-day case fatality were 439 (2.3%) compared with 37 (2.9%) (HR: 0.81, 95% CI (0.58 to 1.13), p=0.21). Time to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was shorter during the pandemic and PCI was equally performed, indicating no change in quality of care during the pandemic.CONCLUSION: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly reduced the incidence of MI referred for invasive treatment strategy. No differences in overall short-term case fatality or quality of care indicators were observed.
|
|
| 43. |
- Mohammad, M. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in Clinical Practice and Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 2047-9980. ; 11:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to treat unprotected left main coronary artery disease has expanded rapidly in the past decade. We aimed to describe nationwide trends in clinical practice and outcomes after PCI for left main coronary artery disease. Methods and Results Patients (n=4085) enrolled in the SCAAR (Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry) as undergoing PCI for left main coronary artery disease from 2005 to 2017 were included. A count regression model was used to analyze time-related differences in procedural characteristics. The 3-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event rate defined as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization was calculated with the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazard model. The number of annual PCI procedures grew from 121 in 2005 to 589 in 2017 (389%). The increase was greater for men (479%) and individuals with diabetes (500%). Periprocedural complications occurred in 7.9%, decreasing from 10% to 6% during the study period. A major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event occurred in 35.7% of patients, falling from 45.6% to 23.9% (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41-0.78; P=0.001). Radial artery access rose from 21.5% to 74.2% and intracoronary diagnostic procedures from 14.0% to 53.3%. Use of bare-metal stents and first-generation drug-eluting stents fell from 19.0% and 71.9%, respectively, to 0, with use of new-generation drug-eluting stents increasing to 95.2%. Conclusions Recent changes in clinical practice relating to PCI for left main coronary artery disease are characterized by a 4-fold rise in procedures conducted, increased use of evidence-based adjunctive treatment strategies, intracoronary diagnostics, newer stents, and more favorable outcomes.
|
|
| 44. |
- Mohammad, Moman A., et al.
(författare)
-
Trends in Clinical Practice and Outcomes After Percutaneous Coronary Intervention of Unprotected Left Main Coronary Artery
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Journal of the American Heart Association. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2047-9980. ; 11:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The use of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to treat unprotected left main coronary artery disease has expanded rapidly in the past decade. We aimed to describe nationwide trends in clinical practice and outcomes after PCI for left main coronary artery disease. METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients (n=4085) enrolled in the SCAAR (Swedish Coronary Angiography and Angioplasty Registry) as undergoing PCI for left main coronary artery disease from 2005 to 2017 were included. A count regression model was used to analyze time-related differences in procedural characteristics. The 3-year major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event rate defined as death, myocardial infarction, stroke, and repeat revascularization was calculated with the KaplanMeier estimator and Cox proportional hazard model. The number of annual PCI procedures grew from 121 in 2005 to 589 in 2017 (389%). The increase was greater for men (479%) and individuals with diabetes (500%). Periprocedural complications occurred in 7.9%, decreasing from 10% to 6% during the study period. A major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event occurred in 35.7% of patients, falling from 45.6% to 23.9% (hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41–0.78; P=0.001). Radial artery access rose from 21.5% to 74.2% and intracoronary diagnostic procedures from 14.0% to 53.3%. Use of bare-metal stents and first-generation drug-eluting stents fell from 19.0% and 71.9%, respectively, to 0, with use of new-generation drugeluting stents increasing to 95.2%. CONCLUSIONS: Recent changes in clinical practice relating to PCI for left main coronary artery disease are characterized by a 4-fold rise in procedures conducted, increased use of evidence-based adjunctive treatment strategies, intracoronary diagnostics, newer stents, and more favorable outcomes.
|
|
| 45. |
|
|
| 46. |
- Nordblom, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
-
FGF1 containing biodegradable device with peripheral nerve grafts induces corticospinal tract regeneration and motor evoked potentials after spinal cord resection
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience. - 0922-6028 .- 1878-3627. ; 30:2, s. 91-102
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Repairing the spinal cord with peripheral nerve grafts (PNG) and adjuvant acidic fibroblast growth factor (FGF1) has previously resulted in partial functional recovery. To aid microsurgical placement of PNGs, a graft holder device was previously developed by our group. In hope for a translational development we now investigate a new biodegradable graft holder device containing PNGs with or without FGF1.Methods: Rats were subjected to a T11 spinal cord resection with subsequent repair using twelve white-to-grey matter oriented PNGs prepositioned in a biodegradable device with or without slow release of FGF1. Animals were evaluated with BBB-score, electrophysiology and immunohistochemistry including anterograde BDA tracing.Results: Motor evoked potentials (MEP) in the lower limb reappeared at 20 weeks after grafting. MEP responses were further improved in the group treated with adjuvant FGF1. Reappearance of MEPs was paralleled by NF-positive fibers and anterogradely traced corticospinal fibers distal to the injury. BBB-scores improved in repaired animals.Conclusions: The results continue to support that the combination of PNGs and FGF1 may be a regeneration strategy to reinnervate the caudal spinal cord. The new device induced robust MEPs augmented by FGF1, and may be considered for translational research.
|
|
| 47. |
- Orvnäs, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Active Lateral Secondary Suspension with H∞ Control to Improve Ride Comfort : Simulations on a Full-Scale Model
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Vehicle System Dynamics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0042-3114 .- 1744-5159. ; 49:9, s. 1409-1422
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a full-scale rail vehicle model is used to investigate how lateral ride comfort is influenced by implementing the H and sky-hook damping control strategies. Simulations show that significant ride comfort improvements can be achieved on straight track with both control strategies compared with a passive system. In curves, it is beneficial to add a carbody centring Hold-Off Device (HOD) to reduce large spring deflections and hence to minimise the risk of bumpstop contact. In curve transitions, the relative lateral displacement between carbody and bogie is reduced by the concept of H control in combination with the HOD. However, the corresponding concept with sky-hook damping degrades the effect of the carbody centring function. Moreover, it is shown that lateral and yaw mode separation is a way to further improve the performance of the studied control strategies.
|
|
| 48. |
- Orvnäs, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
An Active Secondary Suspension Concept to Improve Lateral and Vertical Ride Comfort
-
Ingår i: Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics. - 1555-1415 .- 1555-1423.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents an active secondary suspension conceptfor lateral and vertical ride comfort improvement in arail vehicle. Dynamic control of the lateral, yaw and verticalcarbody modes is achieved by means of actuators replacingthe conventional lateral and vertical dampers in the secondarysuspension. Active damping significantly improveslateral and vertical ride comfort compared to a passive system.Besides dynamic control, the actuators can generatequasi-static lateral and roll control of the carbody. This allowsfor higher speeds in curves, without negatively affectingride comfort. Furthermore, the active suspension concept reducesthe influence on ride comfort caused by the air springstiffness. This means that the total air spring volume can bereduced.
|
|
| 49. |
- Orvnäs, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
An active secondary suspension concept to improve lateral and vertical ride comfort
- 2013
-
Ingår i: 9th international conference on railway bogies and running gears, Budapest, September 9-12. - Budapest, Hungary : Department of Railway vehicles, Aircraft and Ships at the BME. ; , s. 86-88
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- When the speed of a rail vehicle is increased, ride comfort is normally negatively affected. The suspensions of the vehicle have to be modified in order to compensate for the amplified vibrations in the carbody. However, the possibilities of improvement by means of conventional passive damping will eventually reach a limit. Therefore, active suspension technology in rail vehicles is considered to be an alternative solution, since it offers better options of improving the vehicle’s dynamic performance compared to conventional passive solutions.Although previous research has been performed concerning concepts of combined active lateral and vertical secondary suspension – by replacing the lateral and vertical dampers with actuators – no such concept known to the authors has been introduced for service implementation.This paper presents an active secondary suspension concept used to simultaneously improve lateral and vertical ride comfort. In the first phase of the research project, focus was on an active secondary suspension concept in the lateral direction (ALS), including dynamic and quasi-static lateral control of the carbody. Simulations were validated against running tests, showing significant ride comfort improvements. The ALS system will soon be taken into service operation.In the next phase of the project, simulations were performed with the active suspension device in the vertical direction (AVS), including dynamic vertical and quasi-static roll control of the carbody. The simulations performed with the AVS system indicated significant ride comfort improvements compared to the passive system.In the final phase of the project, the ALS and AVS systems are combined. Simulation results show that the active system significantly improves lateral and vertical ride comfort compared to a passive system. Further, by means of the quasi-static roll control of the carbody, higher speeds in curves can be allowed without negatively affecting ride comfort. Moreover, the active suspension concept reduces the influence on ride comfort caused by the air spring stiffness. This means that the total air spring volume can be reduced.
|
|
| 50. |
- Orvnäs, Anneli, et al.
(författare)
-
Aspects of Using Active Vertical Secondary Suspension to Improve Ride Comfort
- 2011
-
Ingår i: 22nd International Symposium on Dynamics of Vehicles on Roads and Tracks, IAVSD'11.
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This paper presents various aspects of using active vertical secondary suspension in a rail vehicle to improve ridecomfort. Dynamic control of the vertical and roll modes of the carbody is achieved by means of actuators replacingthe conventional vertical dampers in the secondary suspension. Active damping improves vertical ride comfort,compared to a passive system. Besides dynamic control, the actuators are able to generate quasi-static roll controlbetween the carbody and bogies in curves. This allows for higher speeds in curves, without negatively affecting ridecomfort.
|
|
