| 1. |
- Calleja-Rodriguez, Ainhoa, et al.
(författare)
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Genotype-by-environment interactions and the dynamic relationship between tree vitality and height in northern Pinus sylvestris
- 2019
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Ingår i: Tree Genetics and Genomes. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-2942 .- 1614-2950. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tree health and growth rate must both be considered in Scots pine breeding for harsh areas such as northern Sweden. Univariate (UV) and multivariate (MV) multi-environment trial (MET) analyses of tree vitality (a measure of tree health) and height (a measure of growth rate) were conducted for four series of open-pollinated Scots pine progeny trials (20 trials total), to evaluate age trends, patterns, and drivers of genotype-by-environment interaction (G x E). The lowest standard errors were obtained for the MV MET analyses, indicating that MV analyses are preferable to UV analyses. By incorporating factor-analytic structures, the most complex data sets could be handled, suggesting that factor-analytic analyses are preferred for evaluation of forest progeny trials. We detected strong patterns of G x E for both tree vitality and height, and the driver of G x E was found mainly to be differences in degree day temperature sum, such that G x E was higher between trials with more contrasting temperature sums. The genetic correlations, between vitality and height within sites, were generally positive and were driven by the harshness of the trial; mild trials had lower genetic correlations than did harsh trials. The sign of the across-site genetic correlations between vitality and height changed from positive to negative in some cases, as the differences between the temperature sum of the trials increased. These findings support the hypothesis that tree height assessed in harsh environments with low survival is likely to reflect health and survival ability to a greater extent than growth capacity.
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| 2. |
- Dahlman, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Organic and inorganic nitrogen uptake in lichens
- 2004
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Ingår i: Planta. - : Springer. - 0032-0935 .- 1432-2048. ; 219, s. 459-467
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to learn more about nitrogen (N) acquisition in lichens, and to see whether different lichens differ in their affinity to various N sources, N uptake was measured in 14 various lichen associations (“species”). These species represented various morphologies (fruticose or foliose), contrasting microhabitat preferences (epiphytic or terricolous), and had green algal, cyanobacterial or both forms of photobionts. N was supplied under non-limiting conditions as an amino acid mixture, ammonium, or nitrate, using 15N to quantify uptake. Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP) was used to separate active and passive uptake. Thallus N, amino acids, soluble polyol concentrations, and the biont-specific markers chlorophyll a and ergosterol were quantified, aiming to test if these metabolites or markers were correlated with N uptake capacity. Ammonium uptake was significantly greater and to a higher extent passive, relative to the other two N sources. Nitrate uptake differed among lichen photobiont groups, cyanobacterial lichens having a lower uptake rate. All lichens had the capacity to assimilate amino acids, in many species at rates equal to nitrate uptake or even higher, suggesting that organic N compounds could potentially have an important role in the N nutrition of these organisms. There were no clear correlations between N uptake rates and any of the measured metabolites or markers. The relative uptake rates of ammonium, nitrate and amino acids were not related to morphology or microhabitat.
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| 3. |
- Gärdenäs, Annemieke, et al.
(författare)
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Knowledge gaps in soil carbon and nitrogen interactions - From molecular to global scale
- 2011
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Ingår i: Soil Biology and Biochemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0038-0717 .- 1879-3428. ; 43, s. 702-717
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this review was to identify, address and rank knowledge gaps in our understanding of five major soil C and N interactions across a range of scales – from molecular to global. The studied five soil C and N interactions are: i) N controls on the soil emissions of greenhouse gases, ii) plant utilisation of organic N, iii) impact of rhizosphere priming on C and N cycling, iv) impact of black N on the stabilisation of soil organic matter (SOM) and v) representation of fractions of SOM in simulation models. We ranked the identified knowledge gaps according to the importance we attached to them for functional descriptions of soil–climate interactions at the global scale, for instance in general circulation models (GCMs). Both the direct and indirect influences on soil–climate interactions were included. We found that the level of understanding declined as the scale increased from molecular to global for four of the five topics. By contrast, the knowledge level for SOM simulation models appeared to be highest when considered at the ecosystem scale. The largest discrepancy between knowledge level and importance was found at the global modelling scale. We concluded that a reliable quantification of greenhouse gas emissions at the ecosystem scale is of utmost importance for improving soil–climate representation in GCMs. We see as key questions the identification of the role of different N species for the temperature sensitivity of SOM decomposition rates and its consequences for plant available N
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Heuchel, Alisa, 1990-, et al.
(författare)
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Topgrafting as a tool in operational Scots pine breeding
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Forestry Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1007-662X .- 1993-0607. ; 35
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Effective breeding requires multiplying desired genotypes, keeping them at a convenient location to perform crosses more efficiently, and building orchards to generate material for reforestation. While some of these aims can be achieved by conventional grafting involving only rootstock and scion, topgrafting is known to deliver all in a shorter time span. In this study, Scots pine scions were grafted onto the upper and lower tree crowns in two clonal archives with the aim of inducing early female and male strobili production, respectively. Their survival rates and strobili production were analyzed with generalized linear mixed models. Survival was low (14%) to moderate (41%), and mainly affected by the topgraft genotype, interstock genotype, crown position and weather conditions in connection with the grafting procedure. Survival was not affected by the cardinal position in the crown (south or north). Male flowering was ample three years after grafting and reached 56% in the first year among live scions, increasing to 62 and 59% in consecutive years. Female flowering was scarce and was 9% at first, later increasing to 26 and 20% of living scions but was strongly affected by the topgraft genotype. In one subset of scions, female flowering was observed 1 year after grafting. Overall, flowering success was mainly affected by the topgraft and interstock genotypes, and secondary growth of scions. This is one of few reports on topgrafting in functional Scots pine clonal archives.
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| 7. |
- Kepka, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Pilot-scale extraction of an intracellular recombinant cutinase from E. coli cell homogenate using a thermoseparating aqueous two-phase system
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 1873-4863. ; 103:2, s. 165-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A thermoseparating aqueous two-phase system for extraction of a recombinant cutinase fusion protein from Escherichia coli homogenate has been scaled up to pilot scale. The target protein ZZ-cutinase-(WP)4 was produced in a fed batch process at 500 l to a concentration of 12% of the total protein and at a cell concentration of 19.7 g l-1. After harvest and high-pressure homogenisation a first extraction step was performed in an EO50PO50 (50% (w/w) ethylene oxide and 50% (w/w) propylene oxide) thermopolymer/amylopectin rich Waxy barley starch system. The (WP)4 tag was used for enhanced target protein partitioning to the EO50PO50 phase while the cell debris was collected in the starch phase. A second extraction step followed where the recovered EO50PO50 phase from the first step was supplemented with a non-ionic detergent (C12-18EO5) and heated to the cloud point (CP) temperature (45oC). One polymer-rich liquid phase and one almost pure aqueous phase were formed. The target protein could be obtained in a water phase after the thermal phase separation at a total recovery over the extraction steps of 71% and a purification factor of 2.5. We were able to demonstrate that a disk-stack centrifugal separator could be adapted for rapid separation of both primary and thermoseparated phase systems.
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| 8. |
- Lindberg, Uno, et al.
(författare)
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Isolation and Characterization of Adenovirus Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Productive Infection
- 1972
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 10:5, s. 909-919
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) from cells productively infected with adenovirus type 2 was isolated by affinity chromatography on polyuridylic acid [poly (U)] bound to Sepharose. At least 90% of the polyadenylic acid [poly (A)]-containing polysomal mRNA was retained by the poly (U) Sepharose and thus separated from more than 95% of the ribosomal RNA and transfer RNA. In these experiments, 65% of the early (3 to 5 hr postinfection) and 85% of the late (14 to 16 hr postinfection) virus-specific RNA was retained by the poly (U) Sepharose. Early in the infection 18%, and late in the infection more than 95%, of the poly (A)-containing fraction, eluted from the poly (U) Sepharose with 90% formamide, was adenovirus-specific, as shown by exhaustive hybridization. Different patterns, containing several distinct species of viral mRNA, were detected early and late in the infectious cycle. No distinct viral mRNA lacking poly (A) was discovered.
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| 9. |
- Lindström, Tom, et al.
(författare)
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The emergence of practical nanocellulose applications for a more sustainable paper/board industry
- 2014
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Ingår i: IPPTA: Quarterly Journal of Indian Pulp and Paper Technical Association. - 0379-5462. ; 26:1, s. 53-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There has been extensive research and development activities in the field of nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) materials during recent years, although microfibrillated cellulose was developed already during the late 1970s at ITT-Rayonier in USA. A major impediment for the large-scale use of NFC has been the high-energy use (excess of 30000 kWh/ton NFC in energy consumption). This problem has now been alleviated by a series of different pre-treatment procedures of the fibres prior to the subsequent mechanical cell wall delamination. The focus in practical papermaking applications of NFC is in the reinforcement of paper/board materials (dry strength wet-end additive) and in barrier coating applications. The driving forces in these applications are resource and energy efficiency in papermaking and the vision of substituting fossil-based films with nanocellulose barriers. Nanocellulose has excellent oil, fat and oxygen barrier properties in the dry state, but the oxygen barrier properties deteriorate at high relative humidities and the approaches to alleviate the moisture sensitivity will be discussed. Today, there are many companies in the process of commercializing NFC and several of them have pilot plants/pre-commercial operations and are planning for up scaling. A pilot plant for the nominal production of 100 kg/day (dry based NFC) was also taken into operation at Innventia AB in 2010. The current contribution will highlight critical issues in the production of NFC and discuss various applications and hurdles to be overcome in order to make NFC production for paper/board based end-use applications viable.
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| 10. |
- Mårtensson, Katarina, et al.
(författare)
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Starka mikrokulturer – ett sociokulturellt perspektiv på högre utbildning
- 2014
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Ingår i: Vetenskapliga perspektiv på lärande, undervisning och utbildning i olika institutionella sammanhang : Utbildningsvetenskaplig forskning vid Lunds universitet - Utbildningsvetenskaplig forskning vid Lunds universitet. - 9789174738629 - 9789174738636 ; , s. 381-390
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 11. |
- Olaya-Contreras, Patricia, 1964, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison between the Beck Depression Inventory and psychiatric evaluation of distress in patients on long-term sick leave due to chronic musculoskeletal pain
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. - 1178-2390. ; 3, s. 161-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Chronic musculoskeletal pain (CMP) is associated with psychological distress and long-term disability. Underlying diagnoses causing long-term sickness absence due to CMP have not been explored enough. In a somatic health care setting, it is important to identify mental health comorbidity to facilitate the selection of appropriate treatment. The objectives of this study were to compare the scores of depressed mood obtained on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) with the diagnosis of depression made by a psychiatrist, and to study the prevalence of undiagnosed mental health comorbidity in these patients. METHODS AND PATIENTS: 83 consecutive patients on sick leave (mean duration 21 months) due to CMP who had been referred by the Social Insurance Office to an orthopedist and a psychiatrist for assessment of the patient's diagnoses and capacity to work. The mean age was 45 (23-61) years, 58% were women and 52% were immigrants. The accuracy of measurements was calculated using the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV as the Gold standard. RESULTS: Psychiatric illness was diagnosed in 87% of the patients. The diagnosis was depression in 56%, other psychiatric illnesses in 31%, whereas 13% were mentally healthy. Of all the patients, only 10% had a previous psychiatric diagnosis. The median value of the BDI score was 26 points in depressed patients, whereas it was 23 in patients with other psychiatric diagnoses. The sensitivity of the BDI to detect depression was 87.5%. We found good agreement between the BDI score and a diagnosis of depression. CONCLUSION: Undiagnosed psychiatric disorders were commonly seen in patients with CMP. The high sensitivity of the BDI scores enables the screening of mental health comorbidity in patients with a somatic dysfunction. The test is a useful tool for detecting distress in patients who are on long-term sick leave due to CMP and who need additional treatment.
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| 12. |
- Persson, Beata, et al.
(författare)
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The National Penile Cancer Register in Sweden 2000-2003
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - Oslo : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:4, s. 278-282
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. This article reviews the first 4 years of operation of the National Penile Cancer Register (NPECR) in Sweden. The register was set up to gain knowledge about the incidence and primary treatment of penile cancer, including the use of and the frequency of lymph node dissection. The register elicits treatment disparities between regions, and aims to determine the impact of clinical practice guidelines introduced in Sweden. Material and methods. All patients newly diagnosed with penile cancer after the year 2000 have been registered in the NPECR. A total of 454 patients were registered in the period 2000-2003. Results. Registrations in the NPECR were almost complete, with 98.7% of cases registered in the National Cancer Register also being registered in the NPECR. At least 145 clinicians reported to the register. The annual incidence of penile cancer is 2.2/100 000 men. Squamous cell carcinoma accounts for 95% of the cases. The mean age at diagnosis was 65.5 years. Most tumours were classified as Tis, T1 or T2, each class representing 25-30% of the total number of diagnosed cases. Penis-preserving treatment was performed in 58% of the patients (Table I). The number of patients classified as ≥T1/G2-G3 was 206, and 101 of these patients (49%) underwent inguinal lymphadenectomy. Conclusions. We have introduced a population-based register in Sweden with almost complete registration, and this offers unique possibilities for further studies of both epidemiological and clinical aspects of penile cancer. The results obtained to date indicate that the primary treatment is done in many settings and that guidelines, e.g. to dissect lymph nodes, are not always followed.
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| 13. |
- Persson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Nitrogen acquisition from inorganic and organic sources by boreal forest plants in the field
- 2003
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Ingår i: Oecologia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0029-8549 .- 1432-1939. ; 137:2, s. 252-257
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A wide range of recent studies have indicated that organic nitrogen may be of great importance to plant nitrogen (N) nutrition. Most of these studies have, however, been conducted in laboratory settings, excluding important factors for actual plant uptake, such as competition, mycorrhizal associations and soil interactions. In order to accurately evaluate the importance of different N compounds to plant N nutrition, field studies are crucial. In this study, we investigated short- as well as long-term plant nitrogen uptake by Deschampsia flexuosa, Picea abies and Vaccinium myrtillus from 15NO3-, 15NH4+ and (U-13C, 15N) arginine, glycine or peptides. Root N uptake was analysed after 6 h and 64 days following injections. Our results show that all three species, irrespective of their type of associated mycorrhiza (arbuscular, ecto- or ericoid, respectively) rapidly acquired similar amounts of N from the entire range of added N sources. After 64 days, P. abies and V. myrtillus had acquired similar amounts of N from all N sources, while for D. flexuosa, the uptake from all N sources except ammonium was significantly lower than that from nitrate. Furthermore, soil analyses indicate that glycine was rapidly decarboxylated after injections, while other organic compounds exhibited slower turnover. In all, these results suggest that a wide range of N compounds may be of importance for the N nutrition of these boreal forest plants, and that the type of mycorrhiza may be of great importance for N scavenging, but less important to the N uptake capacity of plants.
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| 14. |
- Persson, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
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Uptake, metabolism and distribution of organic and inorganic nitrogen sources by Pinus sylvestris
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Experimental Botany. - Oxford : Clarendon Press. - 0022-0957 .- 1460-2431. ; 57:11, s. 2651-2659
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Although an increasing number of studies show that many plant species have the capacity to take up amino acids from exogenous sources, the importance of such uptake for plant nitrogen nutrition is largely unknown. Moreover, little is known regarding metabolism and distribution of amino acid-N following uptake or of the regulation of these processes in response to plant nitrogen status. Here results are presented from a study following uptake, metabolism, and distribution of nitrogen from Formula Formula Glu, or Ala in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L). In a parallel experiment, Ala uptake, processing, and shoot allocation were also monitored following a range of pretreatments intended to alter plant C- and N-status. Uptake data, metabolite profiles, N fluxes through metabolite pools and tissues, as well as alanine aminotransferase activity are presented. The results show that uptake of the organic N sources was equal to or larger than Formula uptake, while Formula uptake was comparatively low. Down-regulation of Ala uptake in response to pretreatments with NH4NO3 or methionine sulphoximine (MSX) indicates similarities between amino acid and inorganic N uptake regulation. N derived from amino acid uptake exhibited a rapid flux through the amino acid pool following uptake. Relative shoot allocation of amino acid-N was equal to that of Formula but smaller than for Formula Increased N status as well as MSX treatment significantly increased relative shoot allocation of Ala-N suggesting that Formula may have a role in the regulation of shoot allocation of amino acid-N.
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| 15. |
- Persson, Lars
(creator_code:cre_t)
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Use of an ester of inositoltrisphosphate for the treatment of inflammatory conditions
- 1999
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Patent (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present invention relates to the use of an ester of inositoltrisphosphate for the preparation of a medicament for preventing, alleviating or combatting inflammatory conditions in mammals including man. Injury or destruction of tissues should be understood as damage to an aggregation of specialized cells with a particular function both internally and externally in the body, such as different organs or parts of these, vessels, skin etc. Tissue damage involves a complex series of events such as dilatation of vessel walls e.g. arterioles, capillaries and venules, increased permeability of fluids including e.g. plasma proteins and increased blood flow. Increased vascular leakage often results in extravasation and oedema formation which characterize the damage of different tissues. Often tissue damage and inflammatory conditions are characterized by signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling and loss of function. Tissue damage is not defined as a disease per se but is often a component in different diseases of both acute or chronic nature.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Persson, Torgny, et al.
(författare)
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The inheritance of resistance to Scots pine blister rust in Pinus sylvestris
- 2024
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scots pine blister rust is a rust fungal pathogen that has become more noticeable in recent years and has increased in recorded incidence in Northern Scandinavia. This has prompted an initiation of resistance breeding to the fungus in the Northern Swedish pine breeding program. To accomplish this, it is necessary to evaluate the breeding potential for increased resistance and putative impact on other breeding objective traits that may have genetic correlations to resistance. To assess the potential of the trait to be included in the breeding program we examined half sibling families in four trials of which two had high incidence of Scots pine blister rust in a range of 25.4–42.1 %. We assessed vitality and height in one year and rust lesion frequency at two later time points. We found that rust resistance had a narrow sense heritability of 0.36–0.41, while vitality reached 0.17 and height 0.25. We found a high genetic correlation between sites in rust resistance and no genetic correlation between rust resistance and either vitality or height. This means that breeding for increased resistance in Scots pine can be done effectively without risking a negative impact on established breeding objective traits and that resistance is stable across environments.
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| 18. |
- Samils, Berit, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship and genetic structure among autoecious and heteroecious populations of Cronartium pini in northern Fennoscandia
- 2021
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Ingår i: Fungal Ecology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1754-5048 .- 1878-0083. ; 50
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Epidemics of Scots pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium pini, have become an increasing problem in northern Finland and Sweden. The biology of the rust fungus is complex, with two different life cycle forms that cannot be morphologically distinguished, and it is unclear to what extent the two forms contribute to the epidemics. Genetic structure of fourteen populations of C. pini were investigated in Fennoscandia. Distinction between the two life cycle forms, a heteroecious and an autoecious one, was made by determining zygosity using microsatellite markers, and AFLP markers were developed to analyse population genetic relationships. The results showed that the two life cycle forms are clearly differentiated and occur in separate populations. Within the life cycle forms, geographic differentiation was evident, probably due to restricted gene flow as well as connection with different alternating hosts. The host-alternating form dominated in the epidemic regions in northern Fennoscandia. Implications for silvicultural practices are discussed. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 19. |
- Ståhlberg, Freddy, et al.
(författare)
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Quantitative study of flow dependence in NMR images at low flow velocities
- 1986
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Ingår i: Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0363-8715. ; 10:6, s. 1006-1015
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A basic theoretical model that describes the effects of flow in and out of the imaging plane in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images, obtained with the standard pulse sequences single spin echo, multiple spin echo, and inversion recovery, is presented. Theoretically calculated signal values are compared with experimental results obtained from single-slice images of a flow phantom for variable flow velocity v as well as for variable echo time and inversion time at flow velocities <10 mm/s, corresponding to those found in cerebrospinal fluid, in capillary systems, and in smaller veins. The quantitative correspondence between theory and experiment is good in the range of velocities studied and for the imaging parameters used, but discrepancies occur when higher velocities are studied. In addition, flow in a capillary model is demonstrated qualitatively for very low linear flow velocities, <1 mm/s. It is concluded that the model describes the essentials of the inflow-outflow effect and that this effect can predict the flow dependence of the NMR signal for low flow velocities. Observed differences between model and experiment may be due to effects of flow-induced phase alterations and due to uncertainty in measurements of the relaxation times T1 and T2. The model described here can be extended to suit other types of pulse sequences and to suit multislice imaging. It can also be extended to incorporate flow-induced phase effects.
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