| 1. |
- Hassan, Jasmin, et al.
(författare)
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Reference standards for follicular density in ovarian cortex from birth to sexual maturity
- 2023
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Ingår i: Reproductive BioMedicine Online. - : Elsevier. - 1472-6483 .- 1472-6491. ; 47:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Research question: Are age-normalized reference values for human ovarian cortical follicular density adequate for tissue quality control in fertility preservation?Design: Published quantitative data on the number of follicles in samples without known ovarian pathology were converted into cortical densities to create reference values. Next, a sample cohort of 126 girls (age 1-24 years, mean +/- SD 11 +/- 6) with cancer, severe haematological disease or Turner syndrome were used to calculate Z-scores for cortical follicular density based on the reference values.Results: No difference was observed between Z-scores in samples from untreated patients (0.3 +/- 3.5, n = 30) and patients treated with (0.5 +/- 2.9, n = 48) and without (0.1 +/- 1.3, n = 6) alkylating chemotherapy. Z-scores were not correlated with increasing cumulative exposure to cytostatics. Nevertheless, Z-scores in young treated patients (0-2 years -2.1 +/- 3.1, n = 10, P = 0.04) were significantly lower than Z-scores in older treated patients (11-19 years, 2 +/- 1.9, n = 15). Samples from patients with Turner syndrome differed significantly from samples from untreated patients (-5.2 +/- 5.1, n = 24, P = 0.003), and a Z-score of -1.7 was identified as a cut-off showing good diagnostic value for identification of patients with Turner syndrome with reduced ovarian reserve. When this cut-off was applied to other patients, analysis showed that those with indications for reduced ovarian reserve (n = 15) were significantly younger (5.9 +/- 4.2 versus 10.7 +/- 5.9 years, P = 0.004) and, when untreated, more often had non-malignant haematologic diseases compared with those with normal ovarian reserve (n = 24, 100% versus 19%, P = 0.009).Conclusion: Z-scores allow the estimation of genetic- and treatment-related effects on follicular density in cortical tissue from young patients stored for fertility preservation. Understanding the quality of cryopreserved tissue facilitates its use during patient counselling. More research is needed regarding the cytostatic effects found in this study.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Kurek, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Spermatogonia Loss Correlates with LAMA 1 Expression in Human Prepubertal Testes Stored for Fertility Preservation
- 2021
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Ingår i: Cells. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4409. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fertility preservation for male childhood cancer survivors not yet capable of producing mature spermatozoa, relies on experimental approaches such as testicular explant culture. Although the first steps in somatic maturation can be observed in human testicular explant cultures, germ cell depletion is a common obstacle. Hence, understanding the spermatogonial stem cell (SSC) niche environment and in particular, specific components such as the seminiferous basement membrane (BM) will allow progression of testicular explant cultures. Here, we revealed that the seminiferous BM is established from 6 weeks post conception with the expression of laminin alpha 1 (LAMA 1) and type IV collagen, which persist as key components throughout development. With prepubertal testicular explant culture we found that seminiferous LAMA 1 expression is disrupted and depleted with culture time correlating with germ cell loss. These findings highlight the importance of LAMA 1 for the human SSC niche and its sensitivity to culture conditions.
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| 4. |
- Baldi, Francesco, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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From Energy Flows to Monetary Flows - An Innovative Way of Assessing Ship Performances Through Thermo-Economic Analysis
- 2012
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Ingår i: International Association of Maritime Economists Conference (IAME 2012 Taipei)..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent events concerning world economy, environmental policies and resources depletion have grown a large interest in the matter of reducing energy consumption. Unfortunately, even if several cost-effective measures could bring to sensible reductions in fuel consumption, shipping industry is often much reluctant to act in this direction. It is in the opinion of the authors, based on recent studies on the subject (Johnson, 2012),(Johnson, 2011), that a primary reason for this behavior lays in the lack of clear and effective tools for including these matters in the decision making processes. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to propose a new and innovative methodology for improving communication between technical and management departments of a shipping company when dealing with ship fuel consumption analysis. This will be done by making use of Sankey diagrams as graphical support and by converting energy flows to monetary flows, thus showing how energy is being used by different components or wasted to the environment in a much tangible manner. A case study will be presented in order to support the analysis with numerical values.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Berg, Per E O, et al.
(författare)
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Myter, misstro och moment 22
- 2004
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Ingår i: Sopor hit och dit - på vinst och förlust. - 9154059208 ; , s. 173-184
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 7. |
- Bonde, Jens Peter, et al.
(författare)
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The epidemiologic evidence linking prenatal and postnatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals with male reproductive disorders : A systematic review and meta-analysis
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human Reproduction Update. - 1355-4786. ; 23:1, s. 104-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: More than 20 years ago, it was hypothesized that exposure to prenatal and early postnatal environmental xenobiotics with the potential to disrupt endogenous hormone signaling might be on the causal path to cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low sperm count and testicular cancer. Several consensus statements and narrative reviews in recent years have divided the scientific community and have elicited a call for systematic transparent reviews. We aimed to fill this gap in knowledge in the field of male reproductive disorders. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE: The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize published data on the risk of cryptorchidism, hypospadias, low sperm counts and testicular cancer following in utero or infant exposure to chemicals that have been included on the European Commission's list of Category 1 endocrine disrupting chemicals defined as having documented adverse effects due to endocrine disruption in at least one intact organism. SEARCH METHODS: A systematic literature search for original peer reviewed papers was performed in the databases PubMed and Embase to identify epidemiological studies reporting associations between the outcomes of interest and exposures documented by biochemical analyses of biospecimens including maternal blood or urine, placenta or fat tissue as well as amnion fluid, cord blood or breast milk; this was followed by meta-analysis of quantitative data. OUTCOMES: The literature search resulted in 1314 references among which we identified 33 papers(28 study populations) fulfilling the eligibility criteria. These provided 85 risk estimates of links between persistent organic pollutants and rapidly metabolized compounds (phthalates and Bisphenol A) and male reproductive disorders. The overall odds ratio (OR) across all exposures and outcomes was 1.11 (95% CI 0.91-1.35). When assessing four specific chemical subgroups with sufficient data for meta-analysis for all outcomes, we found that exposure to one of the four compounds, p,p'-DDE, was related to an elevated risk: OR 1.35 (95% CI 1.04-1.74). The data did not indicate that this increased risk was driven by any specific disorder. WIDER IMPLICATIONS: The current epidemiological evidence is compatible with a small increased risk of male reproductive disorders following prenatal and postnatal exposure to some persistent environmental chemicals classified as endocrine disruptors but the evidence is limited. Future epidemiological studies may change the weight of the evidence in either direction. No evidence of distortion due to publication bias was found, but exposure-response relationships are not evident. There are insufficient data on rapidly metabolized endocrine disruptors and on specific exposure-outcome relations. A particular data gap is evident with respect to delayed effects on semen quality and testicular cancer. Although high quality epidemiological studies are still sparse, future systematic and transparent reviews may provide pieces of evidence contributing to the narrative and weight of the evidence assessments in the field.
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| 8. |
- Do, Ron, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants associated with plasma triglycerides and risk for coronary artery disease
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 45:11, s. 1345-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Triglycerides are transported in plasma by specific triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; in epidemiological studies, increased triglyceride levels correlate with higher risk for coronary artery disease (CAD). However, it is unclear whether this association reflects causal processes. We used 185 common variants recently mapped for plasma lipids (P < 5 x 10(-8) for each) to examine the role of triglycerides in risk for CAD. First, we highlight loci associated with both low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels, and we show that the direction and magnitude of the associations with both traits are factors in determining CAD risk. Second, we consider loci with only a strong association with triglycerides and show that these loci are also associated with CAD. Finally, in a model accounting for effects on LDL-C and/or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels, the strength of a polymorphism's effect on triglyceride levels is correlated with the magnitude of its effect on CAD risk. These results suggest that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins causally influence risk for CAD.
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| 9. |
- Enevoldsen, L.H., et al.
(författare)
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The effect of exercise training on hormone-sensitive lipase in rat intra-abdominal adipose tissue and muscle
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Physiology. - : Wiley. - 1469-7793 .- 0022-3751. ; 536:3, s. 871-877
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- 1. Adrenaline-stimulated lipolysis in adipose tissue may increase with training. The rate-limiting step in adipose tissue lipolysis is catalysed by the enzyme hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). We studied the effect of exercise training on the activity of the total and the activated form of HSL, referred to as HSL (DG) and HSL (TG), respectively, and on the concentration of HSL protein in retroperitoneal (RE) and mesenteric (ME) adipose tissue, and in the extensor digitorum. longus (EDL) and soleus muscles in rats. 2. Rats (weighing 96 + 1 g, mean +/- S.E.M.) were either swim trained (T, 18 weeks, n = 12) or sedentary (S, n = 12). Then RE and ME adipose tissue and the EDL and soleus muscles were incubated for 20 min with 4.4 muM adrenaline. 3. HSL enzyme activities in adipose tissue were higher in T compared with S rats. Furthermore, in RE adipose tissue, training also doubled HSL protein concentration (P < 0.05). In ME adipose tissue, the HSL protein levels did not differ significantly between T and S rats. In muscle, HSL (TG) activity as well as HSL (TG)/HSL (DG) were. lower in T rats, whereas HSL (DG) activity did not differ between groups. Furthermore, HSL protein concentration in muscle did not differ between T and S rats (P > 0.05). 4. In conclusion, training increased the amount of HSL and the sensitivity of HSL to stimulation by adrenaline in intra-abdominal adipose tissue, the extent of the change differing between anatomical locations. In contrast, in skeletal muscle the amount of HSL was unchanged and its sensitivity to stimulation by adrenaline reduced after training.
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| 10. |
- Fjalldal, Sigridur, et al.
(författare)
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Brain white matter lesions are associated with reduced hypothalamic volume and cranial radiotherapy in childhood-onset craniopharyngioma
- 2021
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664 .- 1365-2265. ; 94:1, s. 48-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: White matter lesions (WML) are caused by obstruction of small cerebral vessels associated with stroke risk. Craniopharyngioma (CP) patients suffer from increased cerebrovascular mortality. Objective: To investigate the effect of reduced HT volume and cranial radiotherapy (CRT) on WML in childhood-onset CP patients. Design: A cross-sectional study of 41 patients (24 women) surgically treated childhood-onset CP in comparison to controls. Setting: The South Medical Region of Sweden (2.5 million inhabitants). Methods: With magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we analysed qualitative measurement of WML based on the visual rating scale of Fazekas and quantitative automated segmentation of WML lesion. Also, measurement HT volume and of cardiovascular risk factors were analysed. Results: Patients had a significant increase in WML volume (mL) (P =.001) compared to controls. Treatment with cranial radiotherapy (CRT) vs no CRT was associated with increased WML volume (P =.02) as well as higher Fazekas score (P =.001). WML volume increased with years after CRT (r = 0.39; P =.02), even after adjustment for fat mass and age. A reduced HT volume was associated with increased WML volume (r = −0.61, P <.001) and explained 26% of the variation (r2 = 0.26). Altogether, 47% of the WML volume was explained by age at investigation, HT volume and CRT. Patients with more WML also had higher cardiovascular risk. Conclusions: CRT may be associated directly with increased WML volume or indirectly with reduced HT volume associated with higher cardiovascular risk. Risk factors should be carefully monitored in these patients.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Follin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Associations between Metabolic Risk Factors and the Hypothalamic Volume in Childhood Leukemia Survivors Treated with Cranial Radiotherapy.
- 2016
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Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 11:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metabolic complications are prevalent in individuals treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT) for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The hypothalamus is a master regulator of endocrine and metabolic control. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the hypothalamic volume would be associated to metabolic parameters in ALL survivors. Thirty-eight (21 women) survivors participated in this study 34 years after diagnosis and with a median age of 38 (27-46) years. All were treated with a median CRT dose of 24 Gy and 11 years (3-13) of complete hormone supplementation. Comparisons were made to 31 matched controls. We performed analyses of fat mass, fat free mass, plasma (p)-glucose, p-insulin, Homa-Index (a measure of insulin resistance), serum (s)-leptin, s-ghrelin and of the hypothalamic volume in scans obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3 Tesla. Serum leptin/kg fat mass (r = -0.4, P = 0.04) and fat mass (r = -0.4, P = 0.01) were negatively correlated with the HT volume among ALL survivors, but not among controls. We also detected significantly higher BMI, waist, fat mass, p-insulin, Homa-Index, leptin/kg fat mass and s-ghrelin and significantly lower fat free mass specifically among female ALL survivors (all P<0.01). Interestingly, s-ghrelin levels increased with time since diagnosis and with low age at diagnosis for childhood ALL. Our results showed that leptin/kg fat mass and fat mass were associated with a reduced HT volume 34 years after ALL diagnosis and that women treated with CRT after ALL are at high risk of metabolic abnormalities. Taken together our data suggest that the hypothalamus is involved in the metabolic consequences after CRT in ALL survivors.
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| 14. |
- Follin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic dysfunction revealed by magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in childhood leukemia survivors treated with cranial radiotherapy but not in craniopharyngeoma survivors
- 2016
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Metabolic complications with obesity are frequent in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) survivors treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT). Childhood onset Craniopharyngioma (CP) survivors without hypothalamic (HT) involvement are spared gross obesity. Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides information of microstructure function of the brain and quantified as fractional anisotrophy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial and radial diffusivity (AD, RD). Since MD in HT is reportedly impaired (increased) in obese compared to non-obese subjects, we investigated DTI in the HT.Methods: Twenty nine ALL survivors on hormone supplementation were investigated 34 years after CRT (24 Gy). 17 CO-CP survivors with hormone supplementation but without HT damage were investigated. Comparisons were made with these two patient populations to 27 matched controls regarding DTI parameters in the HT and for BMI, fat mass, fat free mass and waist/hip measurements.Results: We recorded reduced FA (0.27 vs 0.29, P=0.04), and increased MD (1.13 vs 1.00, P<0.001), AD (1.41 vs 1.25, P<0.001), and RD (0.99 vs 0.86, P<0.001) in the right HT and increased MD (1.42 vs 1.25, P<0.001), AD (1.75 vs 1.58, P<0.001), and RD (1.25 vs 1.04, P<0.001) in left HT in ALL survivors compared to matched controls. The CPs showed no difference in the HT for these parameters compared to controls. ALL survivors with a BMI ≥ 25 showed elevated MD (P=0.03) and AD (P=0.02) compared to ALL survivors with a BMI < 25 and compared to controls with BMI ≥ 25 in the right HT. This was not the case in CP survivors or in controls.Conclusions: Thirty four years after CRT for ALL, DTI measures are deranged in the HT. ALL survivors with a BMI ≥ 25 were presented with worse HT dysfunction. CP survivors were unaffected. The present data suggests changes in the microstructure of the HT in these ALL survivors.
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| 15. |
- Follin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Microstructure alterations in the hypothalamus in cranially radiated childhood leukaemia survivors but not in craniopharyngioma patients unaffected by hypothalamic damage
- 2017
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Ingår i: Clinical Endocrinology. - : Wiley. - 0300-0664. ; 87:4, s. 359-366
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Metabolic complications are frequent in childhood leukaemia (ALL) survivors treated with cranial radiotherapy (CRT). These complications are potentially mediated by damage to the hypothalamus (HT), as childhood onset (CO) craniopharyngioma (CP) survivors without HT involvement are spared overt obesity. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) shows brain tissue microstructure alterations, by fractional anisotrophy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). We used DTI to determine the integrity of the microstructure of the HT in ALL survivors. Design: Case-control study. Patients: Three groups were included: (i) 27 CRT treated ALL survivors on hormone supplementation, (ii) 17 CO-CP survivors on hormone supplementation but without HT involvement and (iii) 27 matched controls. Measurements: DTI parameters of the HT were measured and body composition. Results: Microstructural alterations in the HT were more severe in ALL survivors with a BMI ≥25 than with BMI <25. Compared to controls, ALL survivors had reduced FA (P=.04), increased MD (P<.001), AD (P<.001) and RD (P<.001) in the right and left HT. In the right HT, ALL survivors with a BMI ≥25 showed elevated MD (P=.03) and AD (P=.02) compared to ALL survivors with BMI <25. In contrast, DTI parameters did not differ between CP survivors and controls. Conclusions: Long-term follow-up after CRT for ALL DTI measures were affected in the HT despite complete hormone replacement. The present data suggest that ALL survivors have demyelination and axonal loss in the HT.
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| 16. |
- Gunnarsson, Carina C., et al.
(författare)
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Water hyacinths as a resource in agriculture and energy production : a literature review
- 2007
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Ingår i: Waste Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0956-053X .- 1879-2456. ; 27:1, s. 117-129
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Water hyacinths are becoming a problem in lakes, ponds and waterways in many parts of the world. This paper contains a literature study of different ways to use water hyacinths, mainly in agricultural or alternative energy systems. The literature review indicated that water hyacinths can be rich in nitrogen, up to 3.2% of DM and have a C/N ratio around 15. The water hyacinth can be used as a substrate for compost or biogas production. The sludge from the biogas process contains almost all of the nutrients of the substrate and can be used as a fertiliser. The use of water hyacinth compost on different crops has resulted in improved yields. The high protein content makes the water hyacinth possible to use as fodder for cows, goats, sheep and chickens. Water hyacinth, due to its abundant growth and high concentrations of nutrients, has a great potential as fertiliser for the nutrient deficient soils of Africa and as feed for livestock. Applying the water hyacinths directly without any other processing than sun drying, seems to be the best alternative in small-scale use due to the relatively small losses of nutrients and workload required. To meet the ever-growing energy demand, biogas production could be one option but it requires investments and technological skills that would impose great problems in developing countries where the water hyacinth is often found. Composting as an alternative treatment has the advantage of a product that is easy to work into the soil compared with dried water hyacinths, because of the decomposed structure. Harvesting and transport of water hyacinths can be conducted manually on a small scale and does not require a new harvesting technique to be introduced. Transporting of fresh water hyacinths means, if used as fertiliser in amounts large enough to enhance or effect crop growth, an unreasonably large labour requirement. Based on the labour need and the limited access to technology, using dried water hyacinths, as green manure is a feasible alternative in many developing countries. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 17. |
- Hærvig, Katia Keglberg, et al.
(författare)
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Fetal exposure to maternal cigarette smoking and male reproductive function in young adulthood
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 37:5, s. 525-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Maternal smoking during pregnancy constitutes a potential, major risk factor for adult male reproductive function. In the hitherto largest longitudinal cohort, we examined biomarkers of reproductive function according to maternal smoking during the first trimester and investigated whether associations were mitigated by smoking cessation prior to the fetal masculinization programming window. Associations between exposure to maternal smoking and semen characteristics, testicular volume and reproductive hormones were assessed among 984 young men from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort. Maternal smoking was assessed through interview data and measured plasma cotinine levels during pregnancy. We applied negative binomial, logistic and linear regression models to estimate differences in outcomes according to levels of maternal smoking. Sons of light smokers (≤ 10 cigarettes/day) had a 19% (95% CI − 29%, − 6%) lower sperm concentration and a 24% (95% CI − 35%, − 11%) lower total sperm count than sons of non-smokers. These estimates were 38% (95% CI − 52%, − 22%) and 33% (95% CI − 51%, − 8%), respectively, for sons of heavy smokers (> 10 cigarettes/day). The latter group also had a 25% (95% CI 1%, 54%) higher follitropin level. Similarly, sons exposed to maternal cotinine levels of > 10 ng/mL had lower sperm concentration and total sperm count. Smoking cessation prior to gestational week seven was not associated with a higher reproductive capacity. We observed substantial and consistent exposure–response associations, providing strong support for the hypothesis that maternal smoking impairs male reproductive function. This association persisted regardless of smoking cessation in early pregnancy.
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| 18. |
- Hærvig, Katia Keglberg, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal Exposure to Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) and Male Reproductive Function in Young Adulthood : Combined Exposure to Seven PFAS
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - 1552-9924. ; 130:10, s. 107001-107001
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Concerns remain about the human reproductive toxicity of the widespread per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) during early stages of development. OBJECTIVES: We examined associations between maternal plasma PFAS levels during early pregnancy and male offspring reproductive function in adulthood. METHODS: The study included 864 young men (age range:18.9-21.2 y) from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort established between 2017 and 2019. Plasma samples from their mothers, primarily from the first trimester, were retrieved from the Danish National Biobank and levels of 15 PFAS were measured. Seven PFAS had detectable levels above the limit of detection in formula presented of the samples and were included in analyses. Semen quality, testicular volume, and levels of reproductive hormones and PFAS were assessed in the young men. We used weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression to estimate the associations between combined exposure to maternal PFAS and reproductive function, and negative binomial regression to estimate the associations of single substances, while adjusting for a range of a priori-defined fetal and postnatal risk factors. RESULTS: By a 1-unit increase in the WQS index, combined maternal PFAS exposure was associated with lower sperm concentration (formula presented ; 95% CI: formula presented ), total sperm count (formula presented ; 95% CI: formula presented ), and a higher proportion of nonprogressive and immotile sperm (5%; 95% CI: 1%, 8%) in the young men. Different PFAS contributed to the associations with varying strengths; however, perfluoroheptanoic acid was identified as the main contributor in the analyses of all three outcomes despite the low concentration. We saw no clear association between exposure to maternal PFAS and testicular volume or reproductive hormones. DISCUSSION: In a sample of young men from the general Danish population, we observed consistent inverse associations between exposure to maternal PFAS and semen quality. The study needs to be replicated in other populations, taking combined exposure, as well as emerging short-chain PFAS, into consideration. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10285.
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| 19. |
- Hærvig, Katia Keglberg, et al.
(författare)
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Paternal pre-conceptional smoking and semen quality in the adult son
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Ingår i: Andrology. - 2047-2919.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Growing evidence suggests intergenerational effects of paternal pre-conceptional smoking through the germ line, but its specific impact on offspring semen quality remains uncertain because of challenges in isolating paternal exposure from maternal passive smoking or underreporting. Methods: We reran previous analyses estimating differences in semen parameters and testicular size according to paternal smoking in 867 young adult men, adding first-trimester maternal plasma cotinine to the original adjustment for maternal self-reported smoking. We also estimated differences in sperm DNA fragmentation. Paternal smoking was reported by the pregnant women around gestational week 16. Analyses were additionally adjusted for household occupational status, parental ages at birth, maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index and alcohol consumption, and abstinence time, and accounted for spillage, minutes from ejaculation to analysis, and son's own smoking. Results: We found no association between paternal preconceptional smoking and any of the semen parameters or testicular size. Adjustment for son's own smoking did not change results. Discussion: While maternal plasma cotinine offers an objective measure of tobacco exposure and allows for a more thorough adjustment of maternal smoking, the high correlation between paternal pre-conceptional smoking and maternal cotinine exposure may, have resulted in overadjustment removing some paternal effect. Inability to distinguish between paternal never smokers and former smokers, may have led to misclassification of paternal pre-conceptional smoking and underestimation of associations. Conclusion: We found no support for an independent association between paternal pre-conceptional smoking and semen quality in young adult sons, but studies with more detailed paternal smoking history are needed before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Hansen, Lasse Tengbjerg, et al.
(författare)
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DNA Repair Rate and Etoposide (VP16) Resistance of Tumor Cell Subpopulations derived from a Single Human Small Cell Lung Cancer
- 2003
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Ingår i: Lung Cancer. - : Elsevier. - 0169-5002. ; 40:2, s. 157-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two human small cell lung cancer (SCLC) subpopulations, CPH 54A, and CPH 54B, established from the same patient tumor by in vitro cloning, were investigated. The tumor was classified as intermediate-type SCLC. The cellular sensitivity to ionizing radiation (IR) was previously determined in the two sublines both in vivo and in vitro. Here we measured the etoposide (VP16) sensitivity together with the induction and repair of VP16- and IR-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). The two subpopulations were found to differ significantly in sensitivity to VP16, with the radioresistant 54B subline also being VP16 resistant. In order to explain the VP16 resistant phenotype several mechanisms where considered. The p53 status, P-glycoprotein, MRP, topoisomerase IIα, and Mre11 protein levels, as well as growth kinetics, provided no explanations of the observed VP16 resistance. In contrast, a significant difference in repair of both VP16- and IR-induced DSBs, together with a difference in the levels of the DSB repair proteins DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs) and RAD51 was observed. The VP16- and radioresistant 54B subline exhibited a pronounced higher repair rate of DSBs and higher protein levels of both DNA-PKcs and RAD51 compared with the sensitive 54A subline. We suggest, that different DSB repair rates among tumor cell subpopulations of individual SCLC tumors may be a major determinant for the variation in clinical treatment effect observed in human SCLC tumors of identical histological subtype.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Hildeman Sjölin, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Senmedeltidens sakrala rum : växtornamentik och betydelse
- 2018
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Ingår i: Natur och bild : tio konstvetenskapliga betraktelser - tio konstvetenskapliga betraktelser. - 2001-7510 .- 2001-7529. - 9789198369045 ; 16, s. 163-192
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Hjorth, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Hög överlevnad efter barncancer, ibland till högt pris : [High survival after childhood cancer, sometimes at a high price]
- 2010
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - Stockholm : Sveriges läkarförbund. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 107:42, s. 2572-2575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I dag lever 80 procent av patienterna med cancer i barn- och ungdomsåren fem år efter diagnos.Ungefär 6 000–7 000 individer i Sverige är före detta barncancerpatienter.Sena komplikationer till sjukdom och behandling ses hos 60–70 procent av överlevarna.Extra utsatta är de med hjärntumör, de som strålbehandlats och vissa grupper som stamcellstransplanterats.Inte alla som behandlats för cancer i barn- och ungdomsåren drabbas av sena komplikationer.En kohortstudie bestående av alla i Norden som under 20 års ålder insjuknade i cancer (n ≈55 000) åren 1943–2008 har påbörjats 2010.Riktlinjer för uppföljning efter barncancer baserat på given behandling har tagits fram av Svenska arbetsgruppen för långtidsuppföljning efter barncancer (SALUB).
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| 26. |
- Jonsson, Cecilia, 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Gender at the police education
- 2021
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Ingår i: 8th NORDIC POLICE RESEARCH CONFERENCE.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gender at the police educationMore men than women attend the police education and the police is considered one of the most masculine coded professions. In Sweden the number of female police students is increasing and gender equality within the work force is an outspoken goal by the police authorities. Gender relations in the police education are therefore of importance to examine. The first aim of this study is to investigate measurable gender differences in achievements during the education. The second aim is to analyze opinions regarding men’s and women’s terms and prerequisites throughout the education. Do students and teachers consider the police education to be equal? The study has a mixed method design. The quantitative part consists of data about the students’ study results compared between the sexes. The qualitative part is based on interviews with students and teachers regarding their subjective opinions and experiences of equality in the police education. The results from the quantitative part indicate differences in performances between female and male students in traditional police subjects such as weapon training, where female students more frequently are disapproved. In the interviews, male students often explain these differences as connected to female student's own doubts in themselves. This explanation also occurs in interviews with female students. However, actual concrete experiences of being treated differently by male students and teachers within the police program are striking in the material. This clearly affects female students in negative ways. Cecilia Jonsson, PhD and senior lecturer, Center for Police Research and Development Department of Police Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö SwedenMarsanna Petersen, research assistant, Center for Police Research and Development Department of Police Work, Linnaeus University, Växjö Sweden
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Löve, Askell, et al.
(författare)
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Hybrid iterative reconstruction algorithm in brain CT: a radiation dose reduction and image quality assessment study.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithms improve image quality and allow for radiation dose reduction in CT. Dose reduction is particularly challenging in brain CT where good low-contrast resolution is essential. Ideally, evaluation of image quality combines objective measurements and subjective assessment of clinically relevant quality criteria. Subjective assessment is associated with various pitfalls and biases.
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| 30. |
- Machiela, Mitchell J., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of Large Structural Genetic Mosaicism in Human Autosomes
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297 .- 1537-6605. ; 96:3, s. 487-497
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analyses of genome-wide association study (GWAS) data have revealed that detectable genetic mosaicism involving large (>2 Mb) structural autosomal alterations occurs in a fraction of individuals. We present results for a set of 24,849 genotyped individuals (total GWAS set II [TGSII]) in whom 341 large autosomal abnormalities were observed in 168 (0.68%) individuals. Merging data from the new TGSII set with data from two prior reports (the Gene-Environment Association Studies and the total GWAS set I) generated a large dataset of 127,179 individuals; we then conducted a meta-analysis to investigate the patterns of detectable autosomal mosaicism (n = 1,315 events in 925 [0.73%] individuals). Restricting to events >2 Mb in size, we observed an increase in event frequency as event size decreased. The combined results underscore that the rate of detectable mosaicism increases with age (p value = 5.5 x 3 10(-31)) and is higher in men (p value = 0.002) but lower in participants of African ancestry (p value = 0.003). In a subset of 47 individuals from whom serial samples were collected up to 6 years apart, complex changes were noted over time and showed an overall increase in the proportion of mosaic cells as age increased. Our large combined sample allowed for a unique ability to characterize detectable genetic mosaicism involving large structural events and strengthens the emerging evidence of non-random erosion of the genome in the aging population.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Mattsson Petersen, Cecilia, 1970
(författare)
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Conditions and Constraints for Waste Management. Collection, Characterisation and Producer Responsibility in Sweden
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Waste management has changed from being mainly a question of transporting out of sight to being an issue entwined in all parts of society, from product planning to the private domestic sphere. This has imposed new conditions and constraints for waste management, the description of which is the objective of this thesis. The overall policy in Sweden is that all waste should be treated according to its characteristics and reincorporated into societal material flows. The main aim is to reduce the quantities of household waste generated and the amounts sent to landfill. To give waste management a broader perspective and to establish a waste hierarchy, producer responsibility legislation was introduced in Sweden in 1994. According to this, paper/newsprint and packaging waste have to be sorted at source and collected separately. Source separation is today an established part of legislation and public thinking and is probably here to stay so waste management providers must adapt to this situation. In order to obtain high participation rates in source separation programmes, they have to be designed so as to decrease any barriers to participation. The design of collection systems has many aspects since they must be both technically feasible and accepted and understood by the public. Recurring and adequate information to households are is very important for the function of the collection system, but both these and other design parameters should be adapted to local conditions. The differences in the systems used in Sweden today do not lie mainly in technical features but rather in how, why, by and for whom they were developed. To plan waste management, the characteristics of the waste must be known, due to temporal and regional variations these are best evaluated through waste component analysis. The aim of such analysis determines the level on which it should be conducted: national, regional or household level. When post-collection sampling is possible at a treatment plant, the procedure can be made more efficient and less resource-demanding. The methods for waste component analysis presented in this thesis can be a useful tool in future waste management planning.
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| 36. |
- Mattsson Petersen, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Hushållsavfall i Borlänge kommun : analyser av material en och flerfamiljshus
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In Borlänge, source separation has been the basis for management of household waste for over five years. This report reviews today?s system and gives a model for further follow-up through waste grouping. In the basic system waste is separated into three fractions: biodegradable, waste to energy and waste to landfill. All waste is packed in plastic bags, put in separate containers for each fraction, and collected from the property. Separate analyses were made of waste from single family houses and apartment buildings. The amount of waste per household and week, number of non-sorted bags, purity, recovery rate and density of each fraction was calculated. The amount of packaging collected together with the household waste is given. Material collected under the Swedish law of Producers? Responsibility is not covered in this report.
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| 37. |
- Mattsson Petersen, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Hushållsavfall i Falu kommun - Analyser av material en och flerfamiljshus
- 2000
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är nästan fem år sedan Falun införde ett system för källsortering av hushållsavfall som omfattar hela kommunen. Idag finns ett behov av uppföljning och kartläggning av dagsläget: Hur fungerar sorteringen vad det gäller deltagande, renhet och kvalitet på utsorterade fraktioner samt återvinningsgrad. Inom ramen för denna studie har vi tagit fram en modell för plockanalys som kan användas som en del av denna uppföljning samt testat densamma. I grundsystemet finns tre fraktioner: Komposterbart, brännbart och övrigt. Det avfall som dag omfattas av producent ansvaret ska konsumenterna själva transportera till uppsamlingsplats/ återvinningsstation. De krav Falu kommun ställde på provtagningen var: Provtagningsmodellen avser endast material som omfattas av det kommunala ansvaret Provtagningen skall ske vid behandlingsanläggningen Provtagning skall göras så att det är möjlig att jämföra hur en- och flerfamiljshushåll sorterar. Plockanalysen skulle visa hur: rena fraktionerna är och vad ev. föroreningar utgörs av. stor andel av påsarna som var helt osorterade/gravt felsorterade. stor andel av hushållsavfallet som utgörs av material som omfattas av producentansvaret. viktfördelningen mellan elva fraktioner. Prov togs tre ggr per fraktion och områdestyp. Proverna delades ned till lämplig storlek för analys genom rutprovtagning vid behandlingsanläggningen. Skrymdensiteter för källsorterat hushållsavfall beräknade i samband med provtagning. Beräkningarna visade på relativt små skillnader mellan densiteter från en- resp. flerfamiljshus. 126 kg/m3 för avfall från enfamiljshus och 101 kg/m3 för avfall från flerfamiljshus. Hushållen producerade i snitt ca 7 kg avfall per vecka (en- och flerfamiljshus), varav 3.0 (enfamiljshus) och 2.4 (flerfamiljshus) kg organiskt avfall. Det fanns vissa skillnader i (funktionell) renhet mellan en- och flerfamiljshushållen. Den funktionella renheten var högst i den komposterbara fraktionen från enfamiljshus, 98% som skall jämföras med 96% för flerfamiljshushåll. Inom den brännbara fraktionen fanns inga mätbara skillnaderna, den funktionella renheten var 97% för både en- och . flerfamiljshushåll. Restavfallet från flerfamiljshushåll hade en rättsorteringsgrad på 9% och restavfallet från enfamiljshushåll innehöll endast 8% rättsorterat material. Återvinningsgraden för komposterbart material låg mellan 66-78%, för brännbart på mellan 74-80%.
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| 38. |
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| 39. |
- Mattsson Petersen, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Quality control of waste to incineration : waste composition analysis in Lidköping
- 2005
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Ingår i: Waste Management & Research. - 0734-242X .- 1096-3669. ; 23:6, s. 527-533
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In order to decrease environmental impacts in waste management the choice of treatment method must be based on the characteristics of the waste. Present sampling procedures do not provide statistically representative samples of solid waste and this provides difficulties in characterization. The objective of this study was to develop a procedure for waste component analysis and sampling of waste after collection and at plant level. A further objective was to characterize the waste delivered to an incineration plant for physical and chemical properties and to determine the amounts of delivered waste that could be classified as biofuels and fossil fuels. The proportions of recyclables and hazardous waste were also examined. Samples were taken randomly from waste trucks and divided by square implementation. Statistical analysis of the results showed that the number of sub-samples could be decreased with only a moderate increase in the confidence interval. This means that future waste composition analyses could be made more efficient and thereby less expensive. The analysis of the waste delivered to the Lidkoping incineration plant (Central Sweden) showed that 66.4% of the household waste was composed of biofuels and 21.3% of non-renewable combustibles, of which 40.3% were recyclables. In addition, 11.6% of the household waste was non-combustible and 0.6% hazardous waste. The heat value for the biofuels was 18.0-19.7 MJ kg(-1) dry mass (DM) and for the fossil fuels 28.2-33.9 MJ kg(-1) DM. The industrial waste consisted of 35.9% biofuels, 62.0% fossil fuels, 1.6% non-combustible and 0.5% hazardous waste. The heat value was 19.5 MJ kg(-1) DM for the biofuels and 31.4 MJ kg(-1) DM for the fossil fuels.
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| 40. |
- Mattsson Petersen, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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The Development of Systems for Property Close Collection of Recyclables : Experiences from Sweden and England
- 2003
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Ingår i: Resources, Conservation and Recycling. - : Elsevier. - 0921-3449 .- 1879-0658. ; 38:1, s. 39-57
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study presents a multiple case study of systems for collection of recyclables from domestic properties. A model for describing the development process is presented together with six examples from Sweden and one from the UK. Six Swedish systems that have been in operation since 1994, when the Ordinance on Producers' Responsibility was enforced, are presented. They are considered in the light of the driving forces behind their development: co-operation between municipality and producers, collection efficiency through vehicle development, quality of recyclables, Agenda 21 and environmental concerns, service to users and recycling as a marketable product, respectively. The Swedish systems are compared to a recently introduced collection program in Northamptonshire, UK. The results from an evaluation of the Swedish systems shows that what differentiates them is not technical details but how, where, by and for whom they were developed. The conclusion drawn is that a collection system should be adapted to local conditions, both in technical design and social factors. At present the lessons from Sweden are being used to design new recycling strategies in Northamptonshire, demonstrating the importance of international comparisons to develop 'best practice'.
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| 41. |
- McCue, Molly E., et al.
(författare)
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A High Density SNP Array for the Domestic Horse and Extant Perissodactyla : Utility for Association Mapping, Genetic Diversity, and Phylogeny Studies
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PLOS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 8:1, s. e1002451-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An equine SNP genotyping array was developed and evaluated on a panel of samples representing 14 domestic horse breeds and 18 evolutionarily related species. More than 54,000 polymorphic SNPs provided an average inter-SNP spacing of similar to 43 kb. The mean minor allele frequency across domestic horse breeds was 0.23, and the number of polymorphic SNPs within breeds ranged from 43,287 to 52,085. Genome-wide linkage disequilibrium (LD) in most breeds declined rapidly over the first 50-100 kb and reached background levels within 1-2 Mb. The extent of LD and the level of inbreeding were highest in the Thoroughbred and lowest in the Mongolian and Quarter Horse. Multidimensional scaling (MDS) analyses demonstrated the tight grouping of individuals within most breeds, close proximity of related breeds, and less tight grouping in admixed breeds. The close relationship between the Przewalski's Horse and the domestic horse was demonstrated by pair-wise genetic distance and MDS. Genotyping of other Perissodactyla (zebras, asses, tapirs, and rhinoceros) was variably successful, with call rates and the number of polymorphic loci varying across taxa. Parsimony analysis placed the modern horse as sister taxa to Equus przewalski. The utility of the SNP array in genome-wide association was confirmed by mapping the known recessive chestnut coat color locus (MC1R) and defining a conserved haplotype of similar to 750 kb across all breeds. These results demonstrate the high quality of this SNP genotyping resource, its usefulness in diverse genome analyses of the horse, and potential use in related species.
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- O'connell, Malene Barfod, et al.
(författare)
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Stuck in tradition-A qualitative study on barriers for implementation of evidence-based nutritional care perceived by nursing staff
- 2018
-
Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 27:43163, s. 705-714
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives: To explore the barriers for nutritional care as perceived by nursing staff at an acute orthopaedic ward, aiming to implement evidence-based nutritional care. Background: Previous studies indicate that nurses recognise nutritional care as important, but interventions are often lacking. These studies show that a range of barriers influence the attempt to optimise nutritional care. Before the implementation of evidence-based nutritional care, we examined barriers for nutritional care among the nursing staff. Design: Qualitative study. Methods: Four focus groups with thirteen members of the nursing staff were interviewed between October 2013-June 2014. The interview guide was designed according to the Theoretical Domains Framework. The interviews were analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results: Three main categories emerged: lacking common practice, failing to initiate treatment and struggling with existing resources. The nursing staff was lacking both knowledge and common practice regarding nutritional care. They felt they protected patient autonomy by accepting patient's reluctance to eat or getting a feeding tube. The lack of nutritional focus from doctors decreased the nursing staffs focus leading to nonoptimal nutritional treatment. Competing priorities, physical setting and limited nutritional supplements were believed to hinder nutritional care. Conclusion: The results suggest that nutritional care is in a transitional state from experience- to evidence-based practice. Barriers for nutritional care are grounded in lack of knowledge among nursing staff and insufficient collaboration between nursing staff and the doctors. There is a need for nutritional education for the nursing staff and better support from the organisation to help nursing staff provide evidence-based nutritional care. Relevance to clinical practice: This study contributes with valuable knowledge before the implementation of evidence-based nutritional care. The study provides an understanding of barriers for nutritional care and presents explanations to why nutritional care has failed to become an integrated part of the daily treatment and care.
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| 44. |
- Oskarsson, Trausti, et al.
(författare)
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Skeletal adverse events in childhood cancer survivors : An Adult Life after Childhood Cancer in Scandinavia cohort study
- 2021
-
Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 149:11, s. 1863-1876
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The dynamic growth of the skeleton during childhood and adolescence renders it vulnerable to adverse effects of cancer treatment. The lifetime risk and patterns of skeletal morbidity have not been described in a population-based cohort of childhood cancer survivors. A cohort of 26 334 1-year cancer survivors diagnosed before 20 years of age was identified from the national cancer registries of Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden as well as a cohort of 127 531 age- and sex-matched comparison subjects randomly selected from the national population registries in each country. The two cohorts were linked with data from the national hospital registries and the observed numbers of first-time hospital admissions for adverse skeletal outcomes among childhood cancer survivors were compared to the expected numbers derived from the comparison cohort. In total, 1987 childhood cancer survivors had at least one hospital admission with a skeletal adverse event as discharge diagnosis, yielding a rate ratio (RR) of 1.35 (95% confidence interval, 1.29-1.42). Among the survivors, we observed an increased risk for osteonecrosis with a RR of 25.9 (15.0-44.5), osteoporosis, RR 4.53 (3.28-6.27), fractures, RR 1.27 (1.20-1.34), osteochondropathies, RR 1.57 (1.28-1.92) and osteoarthrosis, RR 1.48 (1.28-1.72). The hospitalization risk for any skeletal adverse event was higher among survivors up to the age of 60 years, but the lifetime pattern was different for each type of skeletal adverse event. Understanding the different lifetime patterns and identification of high-risk groups is crucial for developing strategies to optimize skeletal health in childhood cancer survivors.
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| 45. |
- Palmer, Nicholette D, et al.
(författare)
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A genome-wide association search for type 2 diabetes genes in African Americans.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: PloS one. - San Francisco : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:1, s. e29202-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- African Americans are disproportionately affected by type 2 diabetes (T2DM) yet few studies have examined T2DM using genome-wide association approaches in this ethnicity. The aim of this study was to identify genes associated with T2DM in the African American population. We performed a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using the Affymetrix 6.0 array in 965 African-American cases with T2DM and end-stage renal disease (T2DM-ESRD) and 1029 population-based controls. The most significant SNPs (n = 550 independent loci) were genotyped in a replication cohort and 122 SNPs (n = 98 independent loci) were further tested through genotyping three additional validation cohorts followed by meta-analysis in all five cohorts totaling 3,132 cases and 3,317 controls. Twelve SNPs had evidence of association in the GWAS (P<0.0071), were directionally consistent in the Replication cohort and were associated with T2DM in subjects without nephropathy (P<0.05). Meta-analysis in all cases and controls revealed a single SNP reaching genome-wide significance (P<2.5×10(-8)). SNP rs7560163 (P = 7.0×10(-9), OR (95% CI) = 0.75 (0.67-0.84)) is located intergenically between RND3 and RBM43. Four additional loci (rs7542900, rs4659485, rs2722769 and rs7107217) were associated with T2DM (P<0.05) and reached more nominal levels of significance (P<2.5×10(-5)) in the overall analysis and may represent novel loci that contribute to T2DM. We have identified novel T2DM-susceptibility variants in the African-American population. Notably, T2DM risk was associated with the major allele and implies an interesting genetic architecture in this population. These results suggest that multiple loci underlie T2DM susceptibility in the African-American population and that these loci are distinct from those identified in other ethnic populations.
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| 46. |
- Petersen, Cecilia
(författare)
-
Paracrine regulation of Sertoli cell proliferation
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Sertoli cell is a highly differentiated somatic cell in the seminiferous epithelium of the testis. This cell is of prime importance for both testicular development and spermatogenesis. Sertoli cells proliferate up to the start of puberty and, due to their nursing functions, the final Sertoli cell number is well correlated to the amount of germ cells produced by the adult testis. The physiological regulation of Sertoli cell growth is not fully understood, but follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) from the pituitary and testicular paracrine factors are known to be important. Testicular function may be harmed by local or general inflammatory diseases. Inflammatory stimuli induce testicular production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which may be of pathogenic importance. Sertoli cells are Possible targets of these proinflammatory cytokines. The aim of the present thesis was to set up a Sertoli cell proliferation assay, suitable for screening of putative mitogens, and use it to study the effects of growth factors and cytokines, thought to be of physiological or pathophysiological relevance. Sertoli cells from 8 to 9-day-old rats were isolated and cultured under scrum-free conditions. Proliferation was assessed by three different methods; 3 H-thymidine incorporation, BrdU immunocytochemistry and MTT supravital staining. Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were found to dose-dependently stimulate Sertoli cell proliferation, while insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-II, acidic and basic fibroblast growth factors (FGFa, FGFb) were negative in the system. In search for Sertoli cell growth factors in testicular tissue, proteins from testes of immature (5-day-old), pubertal (25-day-old) and adult (50-day-old) rats were purified by HPLC gel permeation chromatography. Pubertal and adult testes contained a 17 kDa protein with potent stimulatory effect on immature Sertoli cell multiplication in vitro. This Protein was identified as interleukin-1alpha (IL-alpha), which is constitutively produced by the adult testis. Immature rat testis produced a Sertoli cell growth stimulating factor(s) in the 45 kDa size range that still remains to be identified. The recombinant pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 alpha IL-beta and TNF-alpha showed potent Sertoli cell mitogenic effects. It was further demonstrated that the IL-1-induced Sertoli cell proliferation was mediated by the p38 MAPK intracellular signal transduction pathway. IL-1 alpha and IL-beta, but not TNF-alpha, also produced a striking morphological change which may represent a change in Sertoli cell differentiation state. There was a synergistic increase in Sertoli cell proliferation by IL-1 or TNF-alpha together with the important endocrine Sertoli cell regulator FSH. Furthermore, the cytokines IL-6 and IFN-gamma modulated the FSH effect in different ways. IL-6 increased, while IFN-gamma inhibited FSH-induced Sertoli cell proliferation. Bacterial endotoxin directly stimulated Sertoli cell growth. Taken together, the results show that TGF-alpha is a Sertoli cell growth factor and that pro-inflammatory cytokines and bacterial endotoxin interfere with Sertoli cell proliferation in vitro. TGF-alpha may be a physiological paracrine Sertoli cell growth regulator while cytokines and endotoxin may potentially disturb testicular cytoarchitecture and development during inflammatory and infectious diseases in vivo.
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| 47. |
- Petersen, Kajsa Ugelvig, et al.
(författare)
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Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and male reproductive function in young adulthood; a cross-sectional study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-9351. ; 212
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large family of persistent industrial chemicals with endocrine disrupting properties. Objectives: To examine biomarkers of reproductive function in young adult males according to current environmental exposure to single and combined PFAS. Methods: The study population consisted of young men (n = 1041, age 18–21) from the Fetal Programming of Semen Quality (FEPOS) cohort. These men were recruited from pregnancies included in the Danish National Birth Cohort (DNBC) between 1996 and 2002. From 2017 to 2019, participants answered an online questionnaire, completed a clinical examination and provided a blood and a semen sample. Exposure to 15 PFAS was measured in plasma. Six compounds were quantified above the limit of detection in at least 80% of the participants. We applied negative binomial regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models to assess associations between single and combined exposure to PFAS and measures of semen quality, testicular volume and reproductive hormones among the young men. Results: We found no consistent associations between plasma concentrations of PFAS, semen quality and testicular volume. Higher levels of single and combined PFAS were associated with slightly higher levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) (WQS 4% difference, 95% confidence interval: 0, 9). Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) was the main contributor to this finding with positive signals also from perfluorodecanoic acid (PFDA) and perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS). Discussion: We examined exposure to a range of common PFAS in relation to biomarkers of male reproductive function and found an association with higher levels of FSH among young men from the general population in Denmark. Further studies on especially combined exposure to PFAS are needed to expand our understanding of potential endocrine disruption from both legacy and emerging compounds in relation to male reproductive function.
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| 48. |
- Pramling, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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27 forskare i upprop mot skärmfri förskola
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Förskolan. - Stockholm : Sveriges Lärare.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- VI LÄRARE DEBATT: Regeringens uppdrag till Skolverket – att göra utbildningen i förskolan skärmfri – riskerar att ge negativa och allvarliga konsekvenser, särskilt för barn som är i störst behov av att möta en digitaliserad värld med stöd av utbildade förskollärare och barnskötare. Det skriver 27 barn- och förskoleforskare i ett gemensamt upprop.
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| 49. |
- Pramling Samuelsson, Ingrid, et al.
(författare)
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27 forskare i upprop mot skärmfri förskola
- 2024
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Ingår i: Förskolan. - Stockholm : Sveriges Lärare.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- VI LÄRARE DEBATT: Regeringens uppdrag till Skolverket – att göra utbildningen i förskolan skärmfri – riskerar att ge negativa och allvarliga konsekvenser, särskilt för barn som är i störst behov av att möta en digitaliserad värld med stöd av utbildade förskollärare och barnskötare. Det skriver 27 barn- och förskoleforskare i ett gemensamt upprop.
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| 50. |
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