| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Rehn, M., et al.
(författare)
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Unusual increase of psittacosis in southern Sweden linked to wild bird exposure, January to April 2013
- 2013
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Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 18:19, s. 13-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Free-living wild birds worldwide act as reservoir for Chlamydia psittaci, but the risk of transmission to humans through contact with wild birds has not been widely documented. From 12 January to April 9 2013, a total of 25 cases of psittacosis were detected in southern Sweden, about a threefold increase compared with the mean of the previous 10 years. A matched case-control study investigating both domestic and wild bird exposure showed that cases were more likely than controls to have cleaned wild bird feeders or been exposed to wild bird droppings in other ways (OR: 10.1; 95% CI: 2.1-47.9). We recommend precautionary measures such as wetting bird feeders before cleaning them, to reduce the risk of transmission of C. psittaci when in contact with bird droppings. Furthermore, C. psittaci should be considered for inclusion in laboratory diagnostic routines when analysing samples from patients with atypical pneumonia, since our findings suggest that psittacosis is underdiagnosed.
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| 4. |
- Alm, David, et al.
(författare)
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On an Apparent Asymmetry in Attitude Desert
- 2007
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Ingår i: Hommage à Wlodek: Philosophical Papers Dedicated to Wlodek Rabinowicz.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is possible for persons to deserve evaluative attitudes such as admiration and disdain. There is an apparent asymmetry between positive and negative attitudes, however. While the latter appear to be subject to what I will call a "control requirement," the former do not appear to be so subject. I attempt to explain away this asymmetry by appeal to pragmatic factors
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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A two-year clinical lifestyle intervention program for weight loss in obesity
- 2008
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Ingår i: Food & nutrition research. - : Co-Action Publishing. - 1654-661X .- 1654-6628. ; 52, s. 1656-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In recent randomised prospective studies, lifestyle intervention induced a weight loss of approximately 5%. OBJECTIVE: To describe and evaluate a 2-year on-going group intervention program in clinical practice in terms of weight loss and changes in metabolic risk factors, i.e. sagital abdominal diameter (SAD), triglycerides, fasting blood glucose and blood pressure. DESIGN: The aim of the intervention program was to motivate lifestyle changes concerning food intake and physical activity. The emphasis was on lifestyle modification, followed up at regular visits during 2 years. Subjects evaluated were 100 women with mean BMI 37.6 kg/m(2) and 26 men with mean BMI 36.5 kg/m(2). RESULTS: One hundred of 151 enrolled women and 26 of 36 men completed the program. Mean weight decreased by 3.8 kg in women (from 103.5 to 99.7, p<0.001) and 4.4 kg in men (from 116.5 to 112.1, p<0.05), respectively. SAD decreased by 5% (p=0.001 in women, p=0.01 in men), and triglycerides by 16% in women (p=0.01) and 24% in men (p=0.001), however systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased slightly but significantly. CONCLUSION: It is possible to perform a clinical lifestyle intervention program for outpatients on an ongoing basis with weight loss, lowered SAD and triglycerides, and a similar or lower dropout rate compared to clinical trials.
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| 6. |
- Andersson, Maria A., et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of the potential genotoxicity of chromium picolinate in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro
- 2007
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Ingår i: Food and Chemical Toxicology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0278-6915 .- 1873-6351. ; 45:7, s. 1097-1106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chromium picolinate (CrPic) is a synthetic nutritional supplement primarily used for weight loss and muscle building. Recent studies have indicated that CrPic might be genotoxic and these findings together with the wide-spread consumer use, have increased the concern about its safety. In the present study we investigated the potential genotoxicity of CrPic in mice given a single intraperitoneal injection (up to 3 mg/kg b.wt.) by evaluating the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (fMNPCE) in peripheral blood, and DNA damage in lymphocytes and hepatocytes. The fMNPCE was evaluated after 42 h and DNA damage after 16 h. Using the Comet assay DNA damage was also monitored in extended-term cultures of human lymphocytes and in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells that had been exposed for 3 h to 500 μM CrPic under different exposure conditions.A slight, but significant CrPic-induced increase in DNA damage (P < 0.001) was observed in the human lymphocytes, but only when these cells were exposed in the absence of serum. In all other experiments CrPic was found to be without genotoxic effects, both in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, our results suggest that a high concentration of CrPic might be DNA damaging, but only under non-physiological conditions.
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| 7. |
- Appiah Mensah, Alex, et al.
(författare)
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Taller and slenderer trees in Swedish forests according to data from the National Forest Inventory
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 527
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes over time in annual basal area growth and mean height for Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) over the period, 1983-2020 were studied using sample tree data from temporary plots recorded in the Swedish National Forest Inventory. The annual basal area growth was derived from the last measured full ring on increment cores. Using 20 to 60-year-old dominant trees, the mean height and annual basal area growth were examined as functions of tree, stand and site conditions, and trends were assessed mainly using residual analyses over time. A significant increase in mean height at a given age was found for both species, but the annual basal area growth level remained stable over the 38-year period. Currently, at a given age of 50 annual rings at breast height, the mean heights of pines and spruces increased on average by 10.1% (i.e. similar to 2 m), compared to 50 year-old pines and spruces in the 1980s, and the increase was similar in the different regions. The results suggest that trees have become taller and slenderer in Swedish forests. Increasing tree height over time at a given age in Northern Europe has been documented in several reports and many causes have been suggested, such as changed forest management, increasing temperatures and nitrogen deposition. We suggest that elevated CO2 in the air and improved water-use efficiency for the trees might also be strong drivers.
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| 8. |
- Arnbjörnsson, Einar, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in hospital costs for an appendectomy : 1955, 1965, and 1975
- 1983
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Ingår i: The American Journal of Surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9610. ; 146:3, s. 342-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A reduction in the number of postoperative bed days for patients who underwent appendectomy led to a study of changes in hospital costs of appendectomies for the years 1955, and 1965, and 1975. No significant changes were found in the total hospital costs. However, the postoperative costs decreased by 36 percent from 1955 to 1975 due to a decrease in the mean duration of hospital stay. During the same period of time, the perioperative costs increased by 90 percent due to increased length of operation time correlated with an increasing proportion of inexperienced operating surgeons. At present, there seem to be few possible ways to increase the cost efficiency of treating appendicitis.
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| 9. |
- Badersten, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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On the Ethnocentrism of Transitology
- 1998
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Ingår i: Collective identities in an era of transformations : analysing developments in East and Central Europe and the former Soviet Union. - 9179665365
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Abstract is not available
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| 10. |
- Bergman, Stefan, 1959-, et al.
(författare)
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Chronic musculoskeletal pain, prevalence rates, and sociodemographic associations in a Swedish population study
- 2001
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Ingår i: Journal of Rheumatology. - Toronto : Journal of Rheumatology Publishing Co. Ltd.. - 0315-162X .- 1499-2752. ; 28:6, s. 1369-1377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of chronic regional and widespread musculoskeletal pain in a sample of the general adult population and study the association to age, sex, socioeconomic class, immigration, and housing area.METHODS: A cross sectional survey with a postal questionnaire to 3928 inhabitants on the west coast of Sweden.RESULTS: The age and sex adjusted prevalence of chronic regional pain (CRP) was 23.9% and chronic widespread pain (CWP) 11.4% among 2425 subjects who responded to the complete questionnaire. Odds ratio (OR) for CWP showed a systematic increasing gradient with age and was highest in the age group 59-74 yrs (OR 6.36, 95% CI 3.85-10.50) vs age group 20-34 yrs. CWP was also associated with female sex (OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.41-2.61), being an immigrant (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.22-2.77), living in a socially compromised housing area (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.48-6.27), and being an assistant nonmanual lower level employee (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.09-3.38) or manual worker (OR 2.72, 95% CI 1.65-4.49) vs being an intermediate/higher nonmanual employee. OR for CRP showed a systematic increasing gradient with age and was highest in the age group 59-74 yrs (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.62-3.05) vs age group 20-34 yrs. CRP was also associated with being a manual worker (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.19-2.23) vs being an intermediate/higher nonmanual employee.CONCLUSION: Chronic musculoskeletal pain is common in the general population. Sociodemographic variables were overall more frequently and strongly associated with CWP than with CRP, which indicates different pathophysiology in the development or preservation of pain in the 2 groups.
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| 11. |
- Blomberg, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Plikt att kollektivisera?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Tidskrift för politisk filosofi. - 1402-2710. ; 22:2, s. 36-46
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En del moraliska dilemman och samhällsproblem uppstår ur många sinsemellan orelaterade individuella handlingar eller underlåtelser, samtidigt som problemen bara kan åtgärdas genom kollektiv handling. Vi kritiserar tre sätt att resonera om ostrukturerade gruppers moraliska plikter och ansvar i sådana situationer. Därefter föreslår vi att intuitionen att en sådan grupp kan ha moraliska plikter och vara ansvarig bäst förklaras med utgångspunkt i att individer åtminstone i småskaliga fall kan identifiera sig med gruppen i en stark mening, och betrakta beslutssituationen ur gruppens perspektiv.
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| 12. |
- Blomberg, Olle, et al.
(författare)
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Team reasoning and collective moral obligation
- 2024
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Ingår i: Social Theory and Practice. - : Philosophy Documentation Center. - 0037-802X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We propose a new account of collective moral obligation. We argue that several agents have a moral obligation together only if they each have (i) a context-specific capacity to view their situation from the group’s perspective, and (ii) at least a general capacity to deliberate about what they ought to do together. Such an obligation is irreducibly collective, in that it doesn’t imply that the individuals have any obligations to contribute to what is required of the group. We highlight various distinctive features of our account. One such feature is that moral obligations are always relative to an agential perspective.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Boegård, Torsten, et al.
(författare)
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Postero-anterior radiogram of the knee in weightbearing and semiflexion. Comparison with MR imaging
- 1997
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0001-6926 .- 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 38:6, s. 1063-1070
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: the purpose was four-fold: to assess the reproducibility of p.a. weight-bearing radiograms of the knee and the minimal joint-space (MJS) width measurements in these radiograms; to compare the MJS with MR-detected cartilage defects; to evaluate the location of these cartilage defects; and to estimate the relation between meniscal abnormalities and joint-space narrowing Material and Methods: Fifty-nine individuals, aged 41–58 years (mean 50), with chronic knee pain were examined by means of p.a. weight-bearing radiograms in semi-flexion with fluoroscopic guidance of the knee joint. the MJS was measured with a standard ruler. on the same day MR imaging was performed with proton-density- and T2-weighted turbo spin-echo on a 1.0 T imager. Meniscal abnormalities and cartilage defects in the tibiofemoral joint (TFJ) were noted Results and Conclusion: the p.a. view of the knee and the MJS measurements were reproducible. MJS of 3 mm is a limit in diagnosing joint-space narrowing in knees with MR-detected cartilage defects. There was a high proportion <p<0.001) of meniscal abnormality within the narrowed compartments in comparison with those that were not narrowed. A larger number of the cartilage defects (p<0.05) was found in the medial femoral condyle than in any of the other condyles of the TFJ. the defects had a dorsal location <p<0.001) as shown in the weight-bearing radiograms of the knee in semiflexion
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| 16. |
- Bondesson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Utilization of healthcare and prescription medicines after non-pharmacological interventions for depression - A 3-year register follow-up of an RCT in primary care
- 2022
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Ingår i: Preventive Medicine Reports. - : Elsevier. - 2211-3355. ; 25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Depression is a common, recurrent disorder. There is a need for readily available treatments with few negative side effects, that demands little resources and that are effective both in the short- and long term. Our aim was to investigate the long-term effectiveness of two different interventions; physical exercise and internet-based cognitive behavioural therapy (internet-CBT), compared to usual care in patients with mild to moderate depression in a Swedish primary care setting. We performed a register-based 3-year follow-up study of participants in the randomized controlled trial REGASSA (n = 940) using healthcare utilization and dispensed medicines as outcomes. We found no difference between the three groups regarding proportion of participants consulting healthcare due to mental illness or pain during follow-up. Regarding number of consultations, there was no difference between the groups, except for consultations related to pain. For this outcome both treatment arms had significantly fewer consultations compared to usual care, during year 2-3, the risk ratio (RR) for physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.43-0.95) and 0.61 (95% CI = 0.41-0.90), respectively. A significantly lower proportion of patients in both treatment arms were dispensed hypnotics and sedatives year 2-3 compared to the usual care arm, RR for both physical exercise and internet-CBT was 0.72 (95% CI = 0.53-0.98). No other differences between the groups were found. In conclusion, considering long-term effects, both physical exercise and internet-CBT, being resource-efficient treatments, could be considered as appropriate additions for patients with mild to moderate depression in primary care settings.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Brorström, Björn, 1953, et al.
(författare)
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Klargörande av huruvuda Västra Götalandsregionen har god ekonomisk hushållning
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I föreliggande rapport analyserar författarna den centrala frågan om Västra Götalandsregionen, sett utifrån ett strikt finansiellt perspektiv, har god ekonomisk hushållning. Det saknas i lagstiftningen och annan normgivning en entydig definition och författarna belyser frågan utifrån fyra perspektiv: generationsprincipen, effektivitet, risk och förhållningssätt.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Degerman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Effekter av kalkning på fisk i rinnande vatten : Resultat från 30 år av elfisken i kalkade vattendrag
- 2015
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I denna rapport har vi utvärderat effekten av kalkning på fisk i vattendrag på nationell nivå med fokus på perioden 1982–2012. Uppgifter om kalkdoser, kalkningsmetoder, vattenkemi och elfiskedata från 609 vattendrag över hela Sverige har använts. Sammanlagt ingick 1029 elfiskelokaler från kalkade vatten och 195 lokaler från okalkade referensvattendrag (totalt 17 492 elfisketillfällen). Referensvattendragen har utgående från pH och alkalinitet indelats i sura, neutrala och kalkrika. Totalt fångades 38 fiskarter, 2 kräftarter och 2 fiskhybrider vid elfiskena. Den vanligaste arten var öring som erhölls vid 90 % av elfisketillfällena, därefter kom elritsa (33 %) och stensimpa (24 %). Den vattenkemiska effekten har inte utvärderats närmare, men det förelåg en tydlig effekt på pH av kalkning och efter 5-8 års kalkning var lägsta uppmätta pH signifikant över 6,0 som medelvärde för samtliga kalkade vatten. Andelen tillfällen med sura episoder (pH <6,0 respektive pH <5,6) minskade över tid. De vattendrag där det var svårast att upprätthålla pH över 5,6 hade små avrinningsområden (<10 km2), låg andel sjö och en låg kalkdos. Kalkning med doserare uppvisade en högre frekvens av sura episoder jämfört med sjö- och våtmarkskalkning. Efter ett antal år fungerade doserarkalkningen bättre, ofta efter att den kombinerats med våtmarkskalkning. Resultaten från 30 års elfisken visar att kalkningsverksamheten successivt har nått förväntade resultat. Antalet fångade fiskarter ökade signifikant efter kalkstart och efter 13-16 år hade antalet nått nivån i neutrala referenser. På de kalkade lokalerna ökade 13 av 14 undersökta arter i förekomst och 8 av dessa signifikant: abborre, bergsimpa, braxen, gädda, lake, lax, mört och öring. Andel elfisketillfällen med konstaterad reproduktion, dvs. förekomst av årsungar, ökade signifikant efter kalkning och nådde samma nivåer som i neutrala referenser för öring, lax, stensimpa, elritsa, gädda, lake och mört. För öring tog det över 12 år efter kalkstart innan reproduktionen motsvarade den i neutrala referenser. Den ekologiska statusen förbättrades signifikant. Sju år efter påbörjad kalkning uppnåddes en signifikant förändring i ekologisk status och efter tolv år visade medelvärdet för lokalerna på god ekologisk status. Sammantaget visade resultaten på en normalisering av fiskfaunan på kalkade lokaler. Genomgående var fiskfaunan signifikant skild från den i sura referenser och blev med tiden alltmer lik den i neutrala referenser, men var fortfarande klart skild från den i kalkrika referenser. Det var tydligt att återkolonisationen av arter tog lång tid, vilket innebär att kalkningsverksamheten måste vara långsiktig. På lokaler med vattenkemisk provtagning minst fyra gånger under året undersöktes effekten av årets lägsta uppmätta pH på fisk. I neutrala referensvattendrag konstaterades reproduktion av öring vid i medeltal 82,8 % av elfisketillfällena. I kalkade vattendrag ökade andelen tillfällen med öringreproduktion med uppmätt lägsta pH. Ett lägsta pH på 5,6-5,9 låg i underkant för en reproduktion som i neutrala referenser, medan ett lägsta pH på 6,0-6,2 låg i överkant. Även för flera andra arter ökade andelen elfisketillfällen då reproduktion konstaterades med ökat lägsta uppmätta pH, t ex för elritsa, lax och simpor (berg- och stensimpa sammantaget). För elritsa krävdes ett lägsta pH på 6,0-6,2 för att nå reproduktion som i neutrala referenser, för simpor krävdes över 6,2. Ekologisk status är ett index som visar om fiskfaunan liknar den i opåverkade vatten. Medelvärdet för ekologisk status i neutrala referenser var 0,52. På kalkade lokaler där lägsta uppmätta pH under året understeg 6,0 var den ekologiska statusen signifikant lägre än i neutrala referenser. På kalkade lokaler som hade ett uppmätt lägsta pH på minst 6,0 var den ekologiska statusen högre och likvärdig med den i neutrala referenser. Vår slutsats är att i försurade vattendrag innebär ett mål för lägsta pH på 5,6 en betydande risk att en normaliserad fiskfauna inte uppnås. Vi anser att målet för kalkningsverksamheten ska vara en normalisering av flora och fauna och utgående från fisk bör lägsta tillåtna pH därför sättas till minst 6,0.
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| 22. |
- Degerman, Erik, et al.
(författare)
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Long term trends of fish after liming of Swedish streams and lakes
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1352-2310. ; 146, s. 245-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Thousands of Swedish acidified lakes and streams have been regularly limed for about 30 years. Standard sampling of fish assemblages in lakes and streams was an important part of monitoring the trends after liming, i.e. sampling with multi-mesh gillnets in lakes (EN 14757) and electrofishing in streams (EN 14011). Monitoring data are nationally managed, in the National Register of Survey test-fishing and the Swedish Electrofishing Register. We evaluated long-term data from 1029 electrofishing sites in limed streams and gillnet sampling in 750 limed lakes, along with reference data from 195 stream sites and 101 lakes with no upstream liming in their catchments. The median year of first liming was 1986 for both streams and lakes. The proportion of limed stream sites with no fish clearly decreased with time, mean species richness and proportion of sites with brown trout (Salmo trutta) recruits increased. There were no consistent trends in fish occurrence or species richness at non-limed sites, but occurrence of brown trout recruits also increased in acid as well as neutral reference streams. Abundance of brown trout, perch (Perca fluviatilis) and roach (Rutilus rutilus) increased significantly more at limed sites than at non-limed reference sites sampled before and after 1986. The mean species richness did not change consistently in limed lakes, but decreased in low alkalinity reference lakes, and fish abundance decreased significantly in limed as well as in non-limed lakes.
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| 23. |
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Den motspänstiga akademikern. Festskrift till Ingrid Sahlin
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna bok är en festskrift till Ingrid Sahlin, professor i socialt arbete. Festskriftens innehåller spänner över samtida problemställningar och aktuell forskning inom centrala socialvetenskapliga områden som kriminologi, socialt arbete och sociologi. Totalt medverkar 37 författare i 23 kapitel som på olika sätt speglar centrala spår i Ingrid Sahlins forskningsverksamhet.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Dobsicek Trefna, Hana, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Multifrequency approach in hyperthermia treatment planning: Impact of frequency on SAR distribution in head and neck
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 11th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EUCAP 2017. ; , s. 3710-3712
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Addition of hyperthermia to radiotherapy has been shown beneficial in management of many types of cancer [1], including Head and Neck tumors [2]. The objective of hyperthermia treatment is to raise the temperature in the tumor to a therapeutic level 40-44°C for typically 60 minutes to achieve cell death or render the cells more sensitive to ionizing radiation and chemical toxins. In our work, we aim to develop H&N applicator that is capable of modifying the focus size according to tumor position and volume. The system consists of a number of antennas placed around a patient, relying on a constructive wave interference to selectively heat the tumour. The spatial control of the foci spot and thus the quality of hyperthermia treatment can be controled by varying operational frequency in addition to amplitude and phase optimization. Due to different wavelengths, treatment associated hot spots often appear at different locations. In conjunction with cooling effect of the blood, the multi-frequency system have potential to achieve higher tumor temperature with 'same' constraints on hot spots. In this paper we investigated if combination of treatment plans utilizing sequential application of various frequencies is superior to the heating with single frequency settings.
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| 26. |
- Erlingsdottir, Gudbjörg, et al.
(författare)
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Mellan Pod och Patient – hur förändras arbetet när vården blir digital, slutrapport
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teknikutvecklingen inom e-hälsoområdet möjliggör ständigt nya och mer avancerade arbetssätt för att övervaka och vårda patienter digitalt. Vården sker då genom kontinuerlig övervakning av patientens hälsa via digitalt överförda data och kommunikation mellan vårdpersonal och patient där feedback och rekommendationer skräddarsys efter patientens behov och tillstånd. Denna typ av digital vård är ett växande område inom e-hälsan. Syftet med digital vård är att avståndet ska minska mellan vårdpersonal och patient i tid och rum, vården ska bli mer kontinuerlig och proaktiv samt att resurser allokeras till de delar av vården där de behövs bäst. Eftersom tekniken är relativt ny genomförs för tillfället olika studier för att undersöka effekterna på patienternas hälsa.För vårdpersonalen betyder tekniken dock ett förändrat arbetssätt som innebär: ett skifte från personliga möten med patienten till digital kommunikation; från att själv mäta olika parametrar till att ta emot värden som patienterna registrerat; från bokade patientmöten till en mer kontinuerlig övervakning av patientens värden samt att en algoritm i det digitala systemet föreslår vilken/vilka patient(er) som ska prioriteras. Hur personalen upplever denna övergång från traditionell vård till digital vård vet vi mycket lite om eftersom detta inte har studerats och fokus i de studier som genomförts hittills har varit på effekter på patientens hälsa. Det finns inte1heller studier av huruvida det digitala arbetssättet är mer kostnadseffektivt även om det finns ett sådant antagande.I det här projektet har vi studerat och jämfört hur vårdpersonalen arbetar digitalt respektive ”traditionellt” med digital övervakning av kroniskt sjuka. Syftet är att öka kunskapen om 1) hur digital vård påverkar vårdpersonalens arbetssätt och arbetsmiljö jämfört med ”traditionell” vård, 2) om och i så fall hur personalen integrerar de digitala systemen i sitt sätt att arbeta och att 3) jämföra kostnadseffektiviteten mellan de två arbetssätten.Projektet genererar kunskap om hur övergången till digital vård påverkar vårdpersonal i flera dimensioner som exempelvis förändrat arbetssätt, integration av den digitala vården i övrigt arbete, upplevelse av kontroll över det egna arbetet i förhållande till ställda krav, förändrade roller gentemot kollegor osv samt om kostnadseffektiviteten av digital vård jämfört med traditionell vård. Ett teoretiskt ramverk med bla Normaliseringsprocessteori (NPT) modellen har testas, modifierats och utvecklas utifrån de resultaten.
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| 27. |
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Exploring Practical Philosophy - From Action to Values
- 2001
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Selection of articles by leading international philosophers: Roger Crisp, Fred Feldman, Göran Hermerén, Derek Parfit, Wlodek Rabinowicz, Michael Smith, Paul Snowdon, Galen Strawson, Larry S. Temkin, Torbjörn Tännsjö, and Michael J. Zimmerman. Published in honour of Ingmar Persson on his fiftieth birthday.
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| 28. |
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Exploring Practical Philosophy: From Action to Values
- 2018
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (refereegranskat)abstract
- This title was first published in 28/11/2001: The broad label 'practical philosophy' brings together such topics as ethics and metaethics as well as philosophy of law, society, art and religion. In practical philosophy, theory of value and action is basic, and woven into our understanding of all practical and ethical reasoning. New essays from leading international philosophers illustrate that substantial results in the subdisciplines of practical philosophy require insights into its core issues: the nature of actions, persons, values and reasons. This anthology is published in honour of Ingmar Persson on his fiftieth birthday.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Frennert, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Materiality and digitalisation : Observations on eHealth solutions for care
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This presentation brings light on how the materialityof three eHealth solutions affects care and carework. We conducted 92 semi-structured interviewswith healthcare workers from the south of Sweden.The analysis of the data was interpretive with focuson the participants’ experiences. By exploring thelived experiences of the participants, we found thatall the three solutions (1) changed the boundariesbetween patients and colleagues; (2) enabledaugmented information- and knowledge processes;and (3) reconfigured professional control.
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| 31. |
- Frennert, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Materiality and digitalisation : observations on eHealth solutions for care
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This presentation brings light on how the materiality of three eHealth solutions affects care and care work. We conducted 92 semi-structured interviews with healthcare workers from the south of Sweden. The analysis of the data was interpretive with focus on the participants’ experiences. By exploring the lived experiences of the participants, we found that all the three solutions (1) changed the boundaries between patients and colleagues; (2) enabled augmented information- and knowledge processes; and (3) reconfigured professional control.
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| 32. |
- Frennert, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Materiality and the mediating roles of eHealth : a qualitative study and comparison of three cases
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Digital Health. - London : Sage Publications. - 2055-2076. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Against the backdrop of eHealth solutions increasingly becoming a part of healthcare professionals’ ways of doing care work, this paper questions how the solutions mediate the experience of healthcare professionals when deployed. We undertook a qualitative study of three eHealth solutions, conducting qualitative interviews with a diverse sample of 102 healthcare professionals from different care settings across the south of Sweden. Materiality and postphenomenology serve as analytic tools for achieving an understanding of the mediating roles of eHealth solutions. The analysis emphasises the mediating roles consisting of interrelated paradoxes: (1) changing and perpetuating boundaries between patients and professional groups, (2) (dis)enabling augmented information and knowledge processes and (3) reconfiguring professional control over work. This contribution provides critical insights into materiality as a category of analysis in studies on the deployment of eHealth solutions, as these technologies have both intended and unintended consequences for care work. Our study identified general positive consequences of all three solutions, such as the increased feeling of closeness to patients and colleagues over time and space; increased ‘understanding’ of patients through patient-generated data; and increased autonomy, due to the fact that asynchronous communication makes it possible to decide when and which patient to attend to. We also identified general unintended consequences of the solutions, such as maintenance of power relations maintained due to organisational structures and professional relations, disabled information and knowledge processes due to the lack of non-verbal clues, reduced professional autonomy due to technical scripts determining what data is collected and how it is categorised, and uneven workload due to the dependency on patient input and compliance.
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| 33. |
- Gudmundsson, Reynir Levi, 1972-
(författare)
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A numerical study of two-fluid models for dispersed two-phase flow
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis the two-fluid (Eulerian/Eulerian) formulation for dispersed two-phase flow is considered. Closure laws are needed for this type of models. We investigate both empirically based relations, which we refer to as a nongranular model, and relations obtained from kinetic theory of dense gases, which we refer to as a granular model. For the granular model, a granular temperature is introduced, similar to thermodynamic temperature. It is often assumed that the granular energy is in a steady state, such that an algebraic granular model is obtained. The inviscid non-granular model in one space dimension is known to be conditionally well-posed. On the other hand, the viscous formulation is locally in time well-posed for smooth initial data, but with a medium to high wave number instability. Linearizing the algebraic granular model around constant data gives similar results. In this study we consider a couple of issues. First, we study the long time behavior of the viscous model in one space dimension, where we rely on numerical experiments, both for the non-granular and the algebraic granular model. We try to regularize the problem by adding second order artificial dissipation to the problem. The simulations suggest that it is not possible to obtain point-wise convergence using this regularization. Introducing a new measure, a concept of 1-D bubbles, gives hope for other convergence than point-wise. Secondly, we analyse the non-granular formulation in two space dimensions. Similar results concerning well-posedness and instability is obtained as for the non-granular formulation in one space dimension. Investigation of the time scales of the formulation in two space dimension suggests a sever restriction on the time step, such that explicit schemes are impractical. Finally, our simulation in one space dimension show that peaks or spikes form in finite time and that the solution is highly oscillatory. We introduce a model problem to study the formation and smoothness of these peaks.
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| 34. |
- Hau, Sofie Olsson, et al.
(författare)
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Chemotherapy, host response and molecular dynamics in periampullary cancer : The CHAMP study
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Cancer. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2407. ; 20:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Pancreatic cancer is a devastating disease with a dismal prognosis. Despite profound medical advances in systemic therapies for other types of aggressive tumours during recent years, a diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is still often synonymous with a fatal outcome. The term periampullary cancer includes pancreatic cancer and applies to the group of tumours found in proximity to the ampulla of Vater. Molecular events and immune response in the host during chemotherapy remain largely unexplored in this group of tumours. Therefore, the "Chemotherapy, Host Response and Molecular Dynamics in Periampullary Cancer (CHAMP)" study aims to monitor these processes to gain new insight into this perplexing disease. Methods: The CHAMP study is a prospective, single-arm observational study. All patients diagnosed with pancreatic or other periampullary adenocarcinoma undergoing adjuvant or palliative chemotherapy treatment in the Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, are invited to participate. Clinical and pathological data will be compiled at study entry. A single tissue microarray (TMA) block is constructed for each patient with a resected tumour and blood samples are drawn before, during and after chemotherapy in order to sample peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), cytokines and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA). Next generation sequencing will be performed on tumour tissue and ctDNA to detect changes in the clonal landscape over space and time. Discussion: Despite the recent emergence of some promising biomarkers for periampullary cancer, there has been a lack of success in clinical implementation. Cancer cells continuously adapt and become resistant to treatment during chemotherapy. To be able to keep pace with and hopefully overtake this rapid evolution we must, with the help of new diagnostic tools, be ready to adapt and alter treatment accordingly. It seems to us that the only way forward is to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of the disease during treatment. With insights gained from the CHAMP study we hope to find answers to key questions in this largely unexplored territory. Trial registration: This study has been registered 30th October 2018 at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03724994.
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| 35. |
- Hogberg, Göran, et al.
(författare)
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Depressed adolescents in a case-series were low in vitamin D and depression was ameliorated by vitamin D supplementation
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Acta Paediatrica. - : Wiley. - 0803-5253 .- 1651-2227. ; 101:7, s. 779-783
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: The relationship between depression in adolescents and vitamin D was studied in a case-series that included effects of vitamin D supplementation. Methods: Serum 25OH vitamin D (25OHD) levels in 54 Swedish depressed adolescents were investigated. Subjects with vitamin D deficiency were given vitamin D3 over 3 months (n = 48). To evaluate well-being and symptoms related to depression and vitamin D status, the WHO-5 well-being scale, the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (MFQ-S) and a vitamin D deficiency scale were used. Results: Mean serum 25OHD in the depressed adolescents was 41 at baseline and 91 nmol/L (p < 0.001) after supplementation. Basal 25OHD levels correlated positively with well-being (p < 0.05). After vitamin D supplementation, well-being increased (p < 0.001) and there was a significant improvement in eight of the nine items in the vitamin D deficiency scale: depressed feeling (p < 0.001), irritability (p < 0.05), tiredness (p < 0.001), mood swings (p < 0.01), sleep difficulties (p < 0.01), weakness (p < 0.01), ability to concentrate (p < 0.05) and pain (p < 0.05). There was a significant amelioration of depression according to the MFQ-S (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study showed low levels of vitamin D in 54 depressed adolescents, positive correlation between vitamin D and well-being, and improved symptoms related to depression and vitamin D deficiency after vitamin D supplementation.
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| 36. |
- Holeksa, Julie
(författare)
-
Varying drug policies and unequal access to harm reduction : Experiences, mobility, and risk management of people who use drugs
- 2024
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sweden has a history of a restrictive drug policy, with a national policy focus on achieving a “drug free society.” This has led to a relatively slow development of “harm reduction” services, those services which aim to reduce risk and vulnerability for people who use drugs (PWUD), without requiring drug abstention. The harm reduction services which do exist are inequitably distributed across the country. In this context, this project aims to explore the attitudes of social work professionals (SWP) towards harm reduction, and the experiences of Swedish PWUD. The data consist of a survey of SWP (208 responses), interviews with PWUD in an area of limited harm reduction (11), and interviews with PWUD who had travelled to Denmark, a country with a less restrictive drug policy approach (17). Article I utilizes survey data to explore the perspectives of Swedish SWP regarding the philosophy of harm reduction and specific harm reduction initiatives. The study reveals a generally positive attitude towards harm reduction, albeit with significant geographical variances. There were low levels of support concerning the adoption of newer harm reduction strategies. Less positive attitudes and negativity regarding new interventions were significantly associated with SWP in areas with lesser exposure to harm reduction practices. Article II examines how PWUD in a small urban center handle the absence of local harm reduction services. The participants’ experiences are interpreted using the theoretical concept of “risk environment” which highlights how various environmental factors interact to produce risk of drug-related harm. Strategies ranged from traveling to external needle exchange programs, relying on unofficial secondary distribution, to risk behaviours such as stealing, reusing, or sharing injection equipment. Many were homeless, articulating a continuous struggle to find temporary shelter. They injected drugs in unsafe places, such as public toilets, increasing risk of overdose or infection. They also expressed 10 feeling stigmatized and excluded from society which compounded their stress, risk of disease transmission and overdose, and poor overall wellbeing. Article III explores the motivations behind the mobility of PWUD from Sweden to Denmark. The “risk environment” framework was used to contextualize decision-making and risks, based on the physical, social, policy, and economic environments. The study identifies harm reduction service availability, stigma, social networks, the drug scene, and policing practices, as key drivers for relocation. Despite the perceived benefits of moving, such as improved access to harm reduction services, participants also reported exposure to new risks, including violence, potential exclusion from a range of services, and exposure to new drugs. Article IV analyzes the reflections of PWUD on their experiences in Sweden and Denmark in the context of each nation’s drug policy. The analysis explored experiences of stigma and coupled these to concepts of identity and social exclusion. In daily interactions, participants felt ignored and dehumanized in Sweden’s zero-tolerance environment, whereas in Denmark, a country with a harm reduction approach, they felt visible and valued as individuals. This, combined with more developed services and a less punitive policing approach, led participants to feel included in society in Denmark. Contrasts between experiences in the two countries were also echoed in participants’ interactions with the healthcare system, relating to feeling controlled in Sweden, or being given autonomy and trust over their care in Denmark. Collectively, this thesis highlights the interplay between drug policies, care formats, policing practices, social interactions, the attitudes of SWP, and the lived experiences of PWUD. While overall positive, the attitudes towards care goals and interventions differ between different areas, among professionals who provide care to PWUD. PWUDs’ movement to and experiences in different settings can be used to offer an insight into their own policy preferences. The project demonstrates the role of constructions, and resulting drug policy, in how they influence PWUDs’ experiences of stigma and exclusion, and their risk environments.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Hovstadius, Bo, 1955-
(författare)
-
On drug use, multiple medication and polypharmacy in a national population
- 2010
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The application of multiple medications has successively increased during a number of years and has thereby increased the potential risks of adverse drug reactions, interactions and non-adherence to drug therapy. This may result in unnecessary health expenditure, directly due to redundant drug sales, and indirectly due to the increased hospitalization caused by drug-related problems. The overall aim of this thesis was to investigate the occurrence and development of drug use, multiple medication, and polypharmacy in an entire national population by using individual-based data on dispensed drugs. The studies (I-V) in the thesis are based on data of dispensed prescription drugs for up to 6.2 million individuals obtained from the Swedish Prescribed Drug Register. The data in the studies cover different periods of time between July 2005-Sept 2008, and the data have been analyzed on the basis of epidemiological measures and statistical methods. The major conclusions of the studies are: the prevalence of dispensed drugs and multiple medications was extensive in all age groups and was higher for females than for males. Multiple medications should be regarded as a risk in terms of potential drug-drug interactions and adverse drug reactions in all age groups (I). Regional differences in the prevalence of polypharmacy were observed and partly explained by the regional age distribution in Sweden. The use of a novel weighted polypharmacy index indicated regional differences in drug therapy for individuals with polypharmacy (II). The number of drugs used by an individual not only increased the potential risks associated with multiple drug use, but also the potential burden of an increased therapeutic intensity, especially for elderly (III). Individuals with ten or more drugs accounted for almost fifty percent of the total acquisition costs of dispensed drugs. Therefore, interventions with a focus on the reduction of the number of prescription drugs for the small group of patients with a large number of different drugs may also result in a substantial reduction in the total drug costs (IV). In spite of national and regional efforts to reduce polypharmacy, the prevalence of polypharmacy and excessive polypharmacy and the mean number of drugs per individual continued to increase in Sweden 2005-2008 (V). The observed year-by-year increase in polypharmacy underlines the importance of monitoring the development of drug use in all ages. Individual-based registers studies of dispensed drugs provide high quality data and could serve as the basis for further research and also in terms of training health care personnel. It can also be used as a base for interventions and the evaluation of drug use. To enable better comparisons on drug use and its consequences, there is a need for standards concerning measurements, classification and criteria which encompass all types of medications. For clinicians, there is a need for information concerning the patient’s actual use of all different types of medications.
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| 39. |
- Jerrhag, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
Increasing wrist fracture rates in children may have major implications for future adult fracture burden.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1745-3682 .- 1745-3674. ; :Feb 24, s. 1-5
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background and purpose - Childhood fractures are associated with lower peak bone mass (a determinant of osteoporosis in old age) and higher adult fracture risk. By examining time trends in childhood fracture epidemiology, it may be possible to estimate the vector of fragility fracture risk in the future. Patients and methods - By using official inpatient and outpatient data from the county of Skåne in Sweden, 1999-2010, we ascertained distal forearm fractures in children aged ≤ 16 years and estimated overall and age- and sex-specific rates and time trends (over 2.8 million patient years) and compared the results to earlier estimations in the same region from 1950 onwards. Results - During the period 1999-2010, the distal forearm fracture rate was 634 per 10(5) patient years (750 in boys and 512 in girls). This was 50% higher than in the 1950s with a different age-rate distribution (p < 0.001) that was most evident during puberty. Also, within the period 1999-2010, there were increasing fracture rates per 10(5) and year (boys +2.0% (95% CI: 1.5-2.6), girls +2.4% (95% CI: 1.7-3.1)). Interpretation - The distal forearm fracture rate in children is currently 50% higher than in the 1950s, and it still appears to be increasing. If this higher fracture risk follows the children into old age, numbers of fragility fractures may increase sharply-as an upturn in life expectancy has also been predicted. The origin of the increase remains unknown, but it may be associated with a more sedentary lifestyle or with changes in risk behavior.
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
- Jidesjö, Anders, et al.
(författare)
-
Samhällets utvecklings- och omställningsförmåga: Framgångsrik skolutveckling för lärares arbete med och elevers lärande i energi, resurs, klimat och hållbarhet : Rapportering av forskningsinsatseri skolutvecklingsprojektet ”KNUT”
- 2014
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Skolutvecklingsprojektet ”KNUT” genomförs i fyra större regioner i Sverige, från Kalmar län och Östergötland i södra Sverige via Dalarna till region ”Biofuel” i norra delarna av landet. Det övergripande syftet med projektet är att arbeta med samhällets påbud om att undervisning i områdena energi, resurs, klimat och hållbarhetsperspektiv behöver ha en starkare position, som en del av den grundläggande utbildningen. Till utvecklingsdelarna har forskningsinsatser genomförts. I varje region finns en mängd olika aktiviteter. Forskningen har inriktat sig på några av dessa med ett följeforskningsupplägg. I Kalmar län har projektet ”Tjejresan” (Kapitel 2) studerats. I Östergötland har lärares arbete med lokala pedagogiska planeringar följts (Kapitel 3). I Dalarna har projekten ”Energijakten” (Kapitel 4), ”Energiutmaningen” (Kapitel 5) och ”Sommarlovsentreprenörerna” (Kapitel 6) beforskats. Längst i norr har lärares arbete med projektarbeten och lärares kollegiala nätverk studerats (Kapitel 7). Till detta har en metastudie genomförts (Kapitel 8), för att utveckla en modell som tydliggör framgångsfaktorer för skolutveckling. Modellen har sin empiriska grund i delprojekten och har utvecklats och testats gentemot dessa. Projektet ”Tjejresan” i Kalmar län har handlat om den problematik som rör bristen på kvinnliga sökande till utbildningar inom naturvetenskap och teknik. Projektet har involverat kvinnliga elever, som i gymnasieskolan valt sådana utbildningsinriktningar. I projektet har eleverna besökt aktörer utanför skolan som arbetar inom områdena energi, resurs, klimat och med hållbarhetsfrågor för att inspirera till kvarhållande samt framtida val inom dessa utbildningsområden. Positiva förebilder har utgjort ett viktigt inslag. Forskningen har handlat om att uppmärksamma elevernas perspektiv på dessa aktiviteter. Empiri har samlats genom enkätinsamling samt deltagande med observations- och intervjumetodik. Resultaten visar att lärare som eleverna mött tidigare och deras hantering av ämnesinnehållet var viktigt för elevernas val till gymnasieskolan, liksom andra viktiga personer i deras omgivning samt tron på en utbildning med stora valmöjligheter. Tjejerna i ”Tjejresan” resonerar också om att skolans sätt att framställa innehållet ofta saknar sammanhang och diskussion samt att de upplevt besöken utanför skolan som viktiga för att förstå något om kunskapens användning. Eleverna talar om att de fått en verklighetsanknytning. Eleverna knyter på så vis aktiviteterna till sitt lärande i skolan, men de talar även om inspiration inför vidare studier. Diskussionen om resultaten är knutna till frågor om utökat samarbete och medvetenhet mellan olika aktörer, betydelser av lärande i och utanför skolan samt läraruppdragets förändrade roll. I kapitel 3 redogörs för lärares arbete med långsiktiga pedagogiska planeringar (LPP). Samarbete mellan lärare i skolor samt mellan stadier för att skapa en förståelse för innehållets progression och vad som görs i olika delar av skolsystemet har studerats. Empiri har samlats från de lärare som arbetat med att upprätta LPP i form av enkäter i samband med att arbetet startade och implementerades. Resultaten visar två huvudinriktningar. En grupp lärare svarar att arbetet varit framgångsrikt i termer av att det funnits stöd och uppmuntran, att det skapar viktiga diskussioner i arbetslag och att det utvecklat undervisningen. Andra har varit mer tveksamma. Majoriteten av lärare var positiva inför möjligheten att sprida LPP till kollegor när arbetet startade, men många fler var tveksamma i samband med implementeringen. Eleverna har i princip inte varit involverade alls i dessa arbeten utan behandlas som mottagare av undervisning när arbetet med LPP är genomfört. Resultaten diskuteras gentemot betydelse av involvering, förhärskande skolkultur, kollegialt lärande och specifikt elevers involvering. Kvaliteter inom dessa områden är diskuterade som troliga för att ytterligare utveckla arbetet. I projektet ”Energijakten” har årkurs 8 elevers besök på ett science center, Framtidsmuséet i Borlänge, studerats. Empiri är samlad från lärare, som tidigare deltagit i dessa aktiviteter, deltagande observationer under energijaktsdagar samt intervjuer med lärare och personal från Framtidsmuséet. Resultaten visar att lärare uppfattar att deras elever blivit mer medvetna om och ökat sina kunskaper om energifrågor. Resultaten varierar dock mellan olika skolor. I vissa resultat beskrivs en skolkultur där schemabrytande aktiviteter välkomnas och uppmuntras. På dessa skolor tas inspiration och erfarenheter från besöken vidare. I andra delar av resultaten beskrivs en skolkultur där olika problem skapar hinder för utveckling. För att projektet ska få utökat genomslag skulle olika skolor behöva en variation av stöd och insatser, som är anpassade till olika förutsättningar. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till behov av projektkontextualisering.”Energiutmaningen” (Kapitel 5) handlar om att öka barns intresse för energi- och miljöfrågor samt stärka lärare i sådana arbeten. Forskningen har handlat om deltagande observationer och gruppintervjuer med elever och lärare. Resultaten visar att eleverna är positiva till materialet och att de fått ökade kunskaper om vad energieffektivisering innebär. Eleverna menar också att de har praktisk vardagsnytta av kunskaperna de lärt sig i skolan. Även lärarna är positiva till projektet och anser att det fungerar bra. Vissa lärare har dock svårigheter med att se hur områden, som energi, resurs, klimat och hållbarhet, ska kunna läggas in på befintliga skolämnen och talar om dessa som nya områden. Att projektet sätter avtryck och uppskattas av lärare och deras elever diskuteras i relation till betydelsen av involvering och delaktighet. Betydelse av förankring på en skola, lärargruppens förutsättningar samt respekt för omständigheter som finns i en lokal miljö med stöd från projektledning lyfts fram och diskuteras som viktiga kvaliteter. Sommarlovsentreprenörerna (Kapitel 6) är en aktivitet som pågår utanför skolan under sommarlovet. Elever i åldrarna 14-20 år arbetar med att starta och driva ett eget företag med miljö- och hållbarhetsfokus. Forskningen har samlat empiri genom intervjuer med konceptansvarig, handledare, coacher, deltagare i projektet, samt representant för Falu kommun. Resultaten visar att aktiviteterna lever upp till syftet med att lyfta in frågor om miljö och hållbarhet i arbetet. Resultaten indikerar att konceptet skapar ett engagemang hos ungdomarna. Diskussionen förs i relation till att redan befintliga verksamheter kan ta in nya frågor. Det behövs inte alltid nya projekt för att energi, resurs, klimat och hållbarhet ska bli en starkare del av ett lärande. Resultaten indikerar också att framgång i energiutmaningen rymmer kvaliteter som att deltagarna äger uppgiften samt att de förstår mening och relevans kopplat till vad de håller på med i aktiviteten. Kapitel 7 handlar om lärarnätverk och projektarbeten i gymnasieskolan. Särskilt energifrågor och energiomställning lyfts fram. Kring arbetet med projektarbeten finns ett etablerat lärarnätverk, som erbjuder stöd till elever. I arbetet ingår också en stipendietävling. I arbetet förekommer näringslivskontakter så projektet rymmer, precis som ”Tjejresan” (Kapitel 2), skolans relationer med aktörer i samhället. Forskningen har handlat om vilka avtryck dessa aktiviteter sätter i form av framtida studier och yrkesval. Empirin är samlad genom intervjuer med lärare, samt genom uppföljande intervjuer med tidigare elever. Vidare har en innehållsanalys genomförts av projektarbeten. Resultaten visar att lärarna är positiva till nätverket och upplever stöd från skolledning. Lärarna är positiva till den fortbildning de blivit erbjudna i nätverket. Resultaten indikerar att nätverket har betydelse för lärarnas långsiktiga engagemang för frågor om energiomställning, hållbar utveckling och miljöfrågor. De tidigare eleverna beskriver att skolans verksamhet med stipendier var något positivt. Däremot är de inte lika tydliga med att koppla dessa skolaktiviteter till val av framtida utbildning och yrkesliv. De beskriver istället att deras intresse för naturvetenskap och teknik grundlades tidigt. Aktiviteterna har haft en funktion i att uppmuntra och skapa stolthet. Resultaten diskuteras i relation till lärare som nyckelpersoner för att föra in kvaliteter i relationen mellan skola och omgivande samhälle. Lärarnas engagemang, samt långsiktigheten genom ett nätverk, borgar för att projektet övergår till en process och blir en del av skolans verksamhet. Involvering av lärare och deras elever i meningsfulla aktiviteter, diskuteras som en förutsättning för att energi-, miljö- och hållbarhetsfrågor ska bli en del av skolans genomförande.Kapitel 8 redovisar ett sätt att modellera frågor om skolutveckling, som tydliggör olika faktorsteg i de processer som uppstår. Modellen är utvecklad ifrån tidigare teoribildning och anpassad till skolans verksamhet. Faktorerna Visionen, Lokal organisation, Yttre aktörer, Nyckelpersoner, Produkt, Mottagare, Resultat, samt Andra faktorer har identifierats. Modellen testades på några av de olika delstudierna. Resultaten visar att modellen kan användas och att den strukturerar och identifierar kritiska steg i de processer som uppstår vid skolutveckling. Faktorerna är inte statiska utan har en dynamisk karaktär. De kan vara svåra att påverka, definiera och möta. Eftersom varje projekt är unikt kräver modellen en flexibel användning. Syftet har inte varit att identifiera en slutgiltig modell, som är det rätta sättet att uppfatta skolutveckling. Den har utvecklats för ett sätt att analy
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| 42. |
- Johansson, Linda, 1973-
(författare)
-
Robots and Moral Agency
- 2011
-
Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Machine ethics is a field of applied ethics that has grown rapidly in the last decade. Increasingly advanced autonomous robots have expanded the focus of machine ethics from issues regarding the ethical development and use of technology by humans to a focus on ethical dimensions of the machines themselves. This thesis contains two essays, both about robots in some sense, representing these different perspectives of machine ethics. The first essay, “Is it Morally Right to use UAVs in War?” concerns an example of robots today, namely the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) used in war, and the ethics surrounding the use of such robots. In this essay it is argued that UAVs might affect how the laws of war (LOW) are interpreted, and that there might be need for additional rules surrounding the use of UAVs. This represents the more traditional approach of machine ethics, focusing on the decisions of humans regarding the use of such robots. The second essay, “The Functional Morality of Robots”, concerns the robots of the future – the potential moral agency of robots. The suggestion in this essay is that robots should be considered moral agents if they can pass a moral version of the Turing Test. This represents the new focus of machine ethics: machine morality, or more precisely, machine agency.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
- Magnusson Staaf, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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Nils Åberg och den skapande fantasin
- 2012
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Ingår i: Att återupptäcka det glömda : aktuell forskning om forntidens förflutna i Norden. - 0065-1001. - 9789189578470 ; 32, s. 355-369
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 45. |
- Meeuwisse, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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"Statlig kunskapsstyrning" - en exkluderingsprocess
- 2017
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Ingår i: Den motspänstiga akademikern : Festskrift till Ingrid Sahlin - Festskrift till Ingrid Sahlin. - 9789198131789 ; , s. 107-134
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Persson, Johannes, et al.
(författare)
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The Best Swimmers Drown – Mechanisms and Epistemic Risks: A constructive critique of Elster
- 2007
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Ingår i: Hommage à Wlodek; 60 Philosophical papers dedicated to Wlodek Rabinowicz.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- According to Jon Elster, mechanisms are frequently occurring and easily recognizable causal patterns that are triggered under generally unknown conditions or with indeterminate consequences. In the absence of laws, moreover, mechanisms provide explanations. In this paper I argue that Elster’s view has difficulties with progressing knowledge. Normally, filling in the causal picture without revising it should not threaten one’s explanation. But this seems to be Elster’s case. The critique is constructive in the sense that it is built up from a discussion of a mechanism that might explain ‘unwarranted’ risk taking in connection with swimming—a mechanism that is mirrored in the proverb: The best swimmers drown.
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| 48. |
- Petersson, Alexandra, et al.
(författare)
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Branching copy number evolution and parallel immune profiles across the regional tumor space of resected pancreatic cancer
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Cancer Research. - 1557-3125. ; 20:5, s. 749-761
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a highly lethal disease. The only option for curative treatment is resection of the tumor followed by standard adjuvant chemotherapy. Yet, early relapse due to chemoresistance is almost inevitable. Herein, we delineated the genetic intratumor heterogeneity in resected PDAC, with the aim to identify evolutionary patterns that may be associated with overall survival (OS) following treatment with curative intent. Potential relationships with the adjacent immune microenvironment were also examined. The genetic and immune landscapes of the regional tumor space were analyzed in nine patients with resected PDAC. Targeted deep sequencing and genome wide SNP array were followed by clonal deconvolution and phylogenetic analysis. A mathematical complexity score was developed to calculate the network extent of each phylogeny. Spatial variation in abundancy and tumor nest infiltration of immune cells was analyzed by double immunohistochemical staining. Copy number heterogeneity was denoted as the major contributing factor to the branching architectures of the produced phylogenetic trees. Increased tree complexity was significantly inversely associated with OS, and larger regional maximum aberrations (higher treetops) were associated with increased PD-L1 expression on tumor cells. Contrastingly, a FREM1 gene amplification, found in one patient, coincided with a particularly vigorous immune response. Findings from this limited case series suggest that complex evolutionary patterns may be associated with a shorter survival in surgically treated PDAC patients. Some hypothesis-generating associations with the surrounding immune microenvironment were also detected.Implications: Evolutionary copy number patterns may be associated with survival in patients with resected PDAC.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
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