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1.	Barrefors, Gunnar, 1963, et al. (författare) Gas chromatographic separation of volatile furans from birchwood smoke 1996 Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. ; 753, s. 151-155 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Furan, 2-methylfuran, 3-methylfuran, 2,5-dimethylfuran and the five isomeric C6 alkylfurans, two C7 alkylfurans and three C6-C7 alkenylfurans were determined in birchwood smoke by adsorbent sampling, gas chromatography and mass spectrometric techniques. Retention data, mass spectral data and quantitative proportions are given. Furan and 2-methylfuran are major components. Contrary to other oxygen-containing compounds, the furans elute from the aluminium oxide column widely used for volatile C2-C8 hydrocarbons. The furans are formed mainly from glowing and smouldering combustion.
2.	Björkqvist, Susan, 1967, et al. (författare) Isoprene from expired air inside a private car 1997 Ingår i: The science of the total environment. ; 207, s. 63-67 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The concentration of isoprene inside a small-sized parked private car with one person was found to be of the order of 20 g/m3. Isoprene was then the major non-methane volatile hydrocarbon except in strongly traffic-polluted parking places. On driving, with intermediate fan ventilation, the isoprene levels were one order of magnitude lower. In the empty car, the concentrations were still much lower, proving that isoprene originates predominantly from expired air. Air samples were taken on triple-layer adsorbent cartridges and were analysed for volatile hydrocarbons by gas chromatography after thermal desorption. The analytical aluminium oxide column permitted simultaneous determination of a range of reported traffic-emitted hydrocarbons including the carcinogenic 1,3-butadiene and benzene.
3.	Jonsson, Caroline, 1977, et al. (författare) Kemi på Nätet : Nätet revolutionerar vetenskaplig publicering 2011 Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Rapporten refererar ett seminarium om kemi på nätet arrangerat av Kemistsamfundet i Göteborg 2011-11-24. Särskilt efterfrågad från omvärlden är fri tillgång på nätet till publikationer. Det gäller inte bara parallellpublicerade vetenskapliga artiklar utan också rapporter, avhandlingar, examensarbeten och populärvetenskap som ger önskad överblick. Det man inte får upp fritt på skärmen väljs oftast bort. En viktig fråga är också att det som nätpubliceras verkligen anpassas för läsaren på nätet. Upplägg och samarbeten som är svåra att förstå utifrån måste förklaras. Sökbarhet, länkar, titelsidors utformning och kontaktuppgifter måste prioriteras.
4.	Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al. (författare) Gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric analyses of 36 lignin-related methoxyphenols from uncontrolled combustion of wood 1998 Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. ; 824, s. 205-210 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Eighteen 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl (guaiacyl) compounds in wood smoke from spruce, and 18 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl (syringyl) analogues in birchwood smoke were analysed. Smoke samples were taken by a gas syringe from wood burning under varying but more or less choked conditions in laboratory pot experiments. Retention index data for a methylsilicone column and basic mass spectral data are given for all compounds. Retention index in combination with molecular mass and structure-specific fragment ions greatly facilitates qualitative analysis. The syringyl and guaiacyl analogues differ by 240 units in retention index and the matching structure-specific ions in their mass spectra by 30 mass units. The identified methoxyphenols differ in the structure of the sidechain, which may be lacking, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a carbonyl-containing group or an alcoholic moiety. The proportions between these groups of compounds varied strongly with combustion conditions whereas the proportions of phenols within them were quite specific for each group. The phenols with reactive olefinic linkages in the sidechain were present in larger proportions than reported in other studies of methoxyphenols.
5.	Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al. (författare) Methoxyphenols from burning of Scandinavian forest plant materials 2000 Ingår i: Chemosphere. ; 41, s. 735-741 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Semivolatile compounds in smoke from gram-scale incomplete burning of plant materials were assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Gas syringe sampling was shown to be adequate by comparison with adsorbent sampling. Methoxyphenols as well as 1,6-anhydroglucose were released in amounts as large as 10 mg kg(-1) of dry biomass at 90% combustion efficiency. Wood, twigs, bark and needles from the conifers Norway spruce and Scots pine emitted 12 reported 2-methoxyphenols in similar proportions. Grass, heather and birchwood released the same 2-methoxyphenols but also the corresponding 2,6-dimethoxyphenols which are characteristic of angiosperms. The methoxyphenols are formed from lignin and differ in structure by the group in para position relative to the phenolic OH group. Prominent phenols were those with trans-1-propenyl and ethenyl groups in that position. Vanillin, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, was a prominent carbonyl compound from the conifer materials.
6.	Löfgren, Lars, 1964, et al. (författare) Selective assessment of C2-C6 alkenes in air by adsorption sampling and gas chromatography 1991 Ingår i: Journal of environmental analytical chemistry. ; 45, s. 39-44 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A system is described for the specific determination in air of ethene, propene, the four isomeric butenes, cyclopentene and the six isomeric pentenes. The butenes, pentenes and hexenes are well separated from the commonly occurring matrix of alkanes in much higher concentrations. Field samples were taken using easily carried equipment consisting of an air pump connected to an adsorbent cartridge. An advantageous combination of triple-layer adsorbents was found to be Tenax + Carbotrap + Carbosieve S-III. In the laboratory, the hydrocarbons were thermally desorbed into a cold trap. The trap was directly linked to the aluminium oxide PLOT column which effected the alkene separations.
7.	Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al. (författare) Specific volatile hydrocarbons in smoke from oxidative pyrolysis of softwood pellets 2004 Ingår i: Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. ; 71:2, s. 847-854 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Samples of smoke from laboratory burning of commercial sawdust-based softwood pellets were analysed by gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column. Flaming burning was very efficient. Significant emitted hydrocarbons were methane, quantitatively followed by ethene and lower proportions of ethane, ethyne and propene. The even lower hydrocarbon emissions from final glowing combustion were strikingly different with ethyne and benzene as the only prominent non-methane hydrocarbons. Smouldering combustion caused much higher hydrocarbon concentrations. Prominent non-methane compounds were furan and ethene from initial smouldering, and ethane, ethene and benzene from after-flame smouldering. The large differences in the proportions of specific hydrocarbons should be considered in evaluations of emissions from residential burning of pellets, with respect to combustion technology and impact on environment and health.
8.	Ramnäs, Olle Jerker, 1941, et al. (författare) Ambient solvent hydrocarbons from the gluing of table tennis bats. 1995 Ingår i: Toxicological and Environmental Chemistry. ; 47, s. 1-6 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Solvent hydrocarbons released to air from the controversial but widely applied gluing of table tennis bats were studied during the 1993 world championships in Göteborg. Sampling on adsorbent cartridges and thermal desorption combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry were used for the determinations.The total concentrations recorded above the players´ gluing tables were in the range 20-100 mg/m3. The prominent solvent constituents were C6( 80%), and C8(
9.	Ramnäs, Olle Jerker, 1941, et al. (författare) Assessment by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of hexenes emitted to air 1993 Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography. ; 638, s. 65-69 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Hexenes and cyclohexenes in vapours of conventional petrol were separated by gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column. All hexenes appear in a favourable chromatographic position between hexanes and heptanes. The seventeen isomeric acyclic hexenes were identified by mass spectra and single-ion monitoring on an ion-trap mass spectrometer. The rapidly photooxidant-forming isomers with a non-terminal double bond constitute 70% of the total amount of acyclic hexenes. The proportions of isomers in petrol vapour are similar to those in urban air and in exhaust from petrol-fuelled vehicles.
10.	Ramnäs, Olle Jerker, 1941, et al. (författare) Characterization of sixty alkenes in a cat-cracked gasoline naphtha by gas chromatography 1994 Ingår i: Chromatographia. ; 38, s. 222-226 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The alkene-rich petrol fraction from refinery fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) has been characterized by GC and GC-MS. Quantitative proportions and retention data of 52 acyclic and 11 cyclic C5–C7 alkenes are given. Relative retentions are reported for methylsilicone and aluminium oxide stationary phases as methylene units (MU). Applications of mass spectra, single-ion GC-MS monitoring and retention data for identifications are demonstrated.
11.	Barrefors, Gunnar, 1963, et al. (författare) Assessment by gas chromatography and gas chromatography - mass spectrometry of volatile hydrocarbons from biomass burning 1995 Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography A. ; 710, s. 71-77 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Well over thirty combustion-formed non-methane hydrocarbons were determined from uncontrolled burning of biogenic materials. Results are given for straw, conifer twigs, newsprint and hardwood. Samples were taken on triple-layer adsorption cartridges. After thermal desorption, the hydrocarbons were separated by gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column. Samples were also taken with a gas syringe and analyzed after gas injection. The hydrocarbon compositions were found to be remarkably similar for different kinds of biomass. Among 21 recorded alkenes and alkadienes, ethene was predominant, and the next most prominent species were propene and 1,3-butadiene. The large proportions of ethyne and the carcinogenic benzene increased further with increasing combustion efficiency.
12.	Barrefors, Gunnar, 1963, et al. (författare) Assessment of ambient volatile hydrocarbons from tobacco smoke and from vehicle emissions 1993 Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography. ; 643, s. 71-76 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Quantitative proportions of C2-C8 alkenes, alkadienes, alkynes, alkanes and arenes were determined for indoor smoky air and for air inside a private car. Samples were taken on adsorbent cartridges and analysed by gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column. The proportions of more than twenty reported alkenes, alkadienes and alkynes were demonstrated to be very similar in a smoky room and in sidestream cigarette smoke. Isoprene, ethene and propene are major components. Urban air polluted by petrol-fuelled vehicles differs mainly by having much lower proportions of isoprene and much higher proportions of petrol alkanes and alkylbenzenes. The total concentration of C2-C8 hydrocarbons was found to be similar in a smoky room and in a car in urban traffic.
13.	Barrefors, Gunnar, 1963, et al. (författare) Exposure to volatile hydrocarbons in commuter trains and diesel buses 1996 Ingår i: Environmental Technology. ; 17, s. 643-647 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Percentage proportions of 25 C2-C7 hydrocarbons were determined inside both diesel buses and commuter trains in regular traffic. The hydrocarbons originate predominantly from petrol-fuelled vehicles. The total proportion of unburnt petrol components (mainly alkanes and arenes) was considerably larger than the proportion of combustion-formed components (mainly ethene, ethyne and propene). The approximate relative proportions 1 :1 :0.4 :0.1 were observed for the genotoxic species benzene, ethene, propene, and 1,3-butadiene. Isoprene from expired air of the passengers constituted a prominent fraction, particularly in the buses. Samples were taken on triple-layer adsorbent cartridges and were analyzed in the laboratory by thermal desorption and gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column. Passenger exposure to traffic-emitted volatile hydrocarbons was 2-3 times higher for diesel bus commuters than for train commuters. The presence of road vehicles nearer to the buses explains this difference. Additional pollution in buses from their diesel exhaust strengthens commuter trains as a superior alternative with respect to the exposure of the passengers to hazardous air pollutants.
14.	Barrefors, Gunnar, 1963, et al. (författare) Volatile hazardous hydrocarbons in a Scandinavian urban road tunnel 1992 Ingår i: Chemosphere. ; 25, s. 691-696 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Vehicle-emitted hydrocarbons were assessed in the major Tingstad tunnel in Göteborg, Sweden. Samples were taken on adsorbent cartridges and analyzed by gas chromatography after thermal desorption. Although the tunnel is only 454 m long, the concentration levels were found to be approximately five times higher than inside commuter cars on roads with similar traffic.Representative proportions of non-methane hydrocarbons were 14% for alkenes, 32% for alkanes and as much as 49% for arenes. Benzene and ethene, representing particular health hazards, constituted about 7% each. Characteristic concentration ratios are given for sixteen alkenes and alkadienes.Health hazards for vulnerable motorists and implications for existing and planned road tunnels are discussed.
15.	Barrefors, Gunnar, 1963, et al. (författare) Volatile hydrocarbons from domestic wood burning 1995 Ingår i: Chemosphere. ; 30, s. 1551-1556 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The quantitative proportions of 16 alkenes, 5 alkadienes, 5 alkynes and several alkanes and arenes were determined in emissions from wood burning in a wood-stove and in small-scale model experiments. Samples were taken on triple-layer adsorption cartridges, and gas chromatographic separations were performed on an aluminium oxide column.Ethene, ethyne and benzene were major components, especially from efficient flame combustion. The proportions of C3-C7 alkenes were markedly higher for smouldering. The carcinogenic compounds benzene and 1,3-butadiene constituted roughly 10-20% and 1-2% by weight of total non-methane hydrocarbons. Similar results were obtained for hardwood and softwood.
16.	Björkqvist, Susan, 1967, et al. (författare) Hydrocarbons in biogas from household solid waste 1998 Ingår i: Environmental Technology (United Kingdom). - 1479-487X .- 0959-3330. ; 19:6, s. 639-642 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The components of biogas from source-separated domestic waste were studied for the first major Swedish plant (Sobacken, Boras) in operation. Methane, carbon dioxide and C-6-C-11 hydrocarbons were determined by gas chromatographic methods. The content of methane was found to be just over 70% (v/v). The major polluting hydrocarbon in the biogas was p-cymene. It may be formed by rearrangement and dehydrogenation of limonene and other monoterpenes in food waste.
17.	Gustafsson, Bengt, et al. (författare) Vad är god forskningssed? : Synpunkter, riktlinjer och exempel 2005 Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract Vad är god forskningssed? handlar om etiska aspekter i forskningen, och är tänkt att ge underlag för reflexion och diskussion. Den vänder sig till forskare inom alla forskningsområden, inte minst till forskarstuderande och deras handledare. Bakom skriften står tre forskare, professorerna Bengt Gustafsson, Göran Hermerén och Bo Petersson. Författarna för en grundläggande diskussion kring etiska principer som tillämpas i forskningen. De beskriver även gällande regelverk, och diskuterar uppförandepraxis som förekommer eller bör förekomma forskare emellan liksom mellan forskare och andra.
18.	Havlicek, Jaroslav, et al. (författare) Partition chromatography and mass spectrometry of tetrulose and pentuloses 1972 Ingår i: Acta Chemica Scandinavica. ; 26, s. 2205-2215 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Partition chromatography on ion exchange resins in aqueous ethanol is an excellent tool for the separation of tetrulose and pentuloses for both analytical and preparative purposes. The analysis of complex mixtures is facilitated by the fact that the ketoses are recorded by both the orcinol and periodate-formaldehyde methods whereas under proper conditions aldoses are only recorded in the orcinol channel. In gas chromatography the trimethylsilylated 3-pentuloses gave rise to only one prominent peak which as revealed by mass spectrometry corresponded to the keto form. Tetrulose and the 2-pentuloses gave two or more peaks. The 1,2-enediol derivative obtained from tetrulose was identical with that recorded for threose.
19.	Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al. (författare) Ambient monoterpenes from stone groundwood pulp production 1990 Ingår i: Holzforschung. ; 44, s. 449-452 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Composition and ambient concentrations in air were studied for monoterpenes from stone groundwood production at a Swedish plant using exclusively pulp wood from Norway spruce. Field samples were taken on Tenax adsorption cartridges and analyzed by thermal desorption combined with temperature programmed capillary gas chromatography. The major monoterpenes emitted from the process were alpha-pinene(54-59 %) and beta-pinene(24-28 %). Limonene, 3-carene, beta-phellandrene, camphene and myrcene (1-10 % each) followed in decreasing relative proportions. Total ambient monoterpene concentrations above 500 microgram/m3 were assessed at ground level downwind from the emissions. Photo-oxidants formed in the monoterpene plumes are discussed with respect to forest damage and health hazards.
20.	Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al. (författare) Conifer monoterpenes emitted to air by logging operations 1991 Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of forest research. ; 6, s. 253-258 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Concentration levels in air were determined for monoterpenes emitted from forestry operations in south-west Sweden. Field samples were collected on Tenax cartridges and analyzed in the laboratory by techniques based on gas chromatography. Processing of Scots pine as well as Norway spruce with a harvestor gave rise to about 1000 microgram/m3 of total monoterpenes near the machine. The corresponding levels above fresh branch wood were 100-500 microgram/m3. The background level was around 1 microgram/m3. The major monoterpenes were alpha-pinene and 3-carene from Pinus sylvestris and alpha-pinene and beta-pinene from Picea abies. Compounds constituting 1-10 % each of the total monoterpenes were camphene, 3-carene, limonene, beta-phellandrene and myrcene for spruce and camphene, beta-pinene, limonene, beta-phellandrene, myrcene and terpinolene for pine. Representative percent compositions for the two species are given for 13 monoterpenes. Photo-oxidant formation from the monoterpenes is discussed with respect to potential local contributions to strain and damage of the forests. Possible preventive measures are suggested.
21.	Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al. (författare) Monoterpenes emitted to air from industrial barking of Scandinavian conifers 1993 Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. ; 79, s. 215-218 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Monoterpenes released to air were determined during single-log barking of timber at a saw-mill and during tumble drum barking of pulpwood at a TMP mill. Characteristic proportions of fourteen compounds were assessed by adsorbent sampling and gas chromatography. For Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), the bicylic monoterpenes alpha-pinene and 3-carene predominated. For Norway spruce (Picea abies), alpha-pinene followed by beta-pinene were the major components. The proportions of beta-phellandrene and myrcene from spruce were remarkably high from barking compared to wood processing. Environmental aspects on the emissions are discussed.
22.	Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al. (författare) Photooxidant-forming monoterpenes in air plumes from kraft pulp industries 1993 Ingår i: Environmental Pollution. ; 79, s. 219-223 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Monoterpenes emitted to air from two Swedish kraft (sulphate) pulp-mills were determined by sampling on the Tenax adsorbent followed by laboratory analysis using thermal desorption combined with high-resolution gas chromatography. The composition of the terpenes was found to be similar in the emissions from various parts of the process as well as in the mill plume. The bicyclic terpenes alpha-pinene and 3-carene, originating principally from wood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), predominated among the thirteen assessed hydrocarbon monoterpenes. Terpinolene was the most prominent among the particularly reactive terpenes with a lifetime in ozone-rich air of only a few minutes. The rapid formation of photooxidants by chemical reactions of the terpenes with other components of the mill plume is discussed. It is concluded that a variety of phytotoxic photooxidants are formed which may contribute significantly to forest decline within 50 km of mills located along coasts.
23.	Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al. (författare) Protection of terpenes against oxidative and acid decomposition on adsorbent cartridges 1992 Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography. ; 589, s. 385-389 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Sampling of monoterpenes from air on Tenax porous polymer may introduce analytical errors owing to oxidation and acid rearrangements on the adsorbent. Particularly terpenes which react rapidly with ozone, e.g. myrcene and limonene, are partially lost when sampling air with high photooxidant levels. On acidified adsoption cartridges, alpha-pinene and beta-pinene may be converted into camphene, limonene, para-cymene and several minor monoterpenes. Pretreatment of the adsorption cartridges with thiosulphate as an antioxidant and hydrogencarbonate as a buffer were found to prevent decomposition and rearrangements. Applications to monoterpenes emitted from the kraft, thermo-mechanical and sulphite pulp industries are presented.
24.	Hvitt Strömvall, Ann-Margret, 1963, et al. (författare) Terpenes emitted to air from TMP and sulphite pulp mills 1992 Ingår i: Holzforschung. ; 46, s. 99-102 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Terpenes were studied at two Swedish pulp mills processing wood from Norway spruce (Picea abies). Field samples were adsorbed from air on Tenax cartridges and analyzed in the laboratory by thermal desorption and gas chromatography.The emissions from a large thermomechanical pulp (TMP) plant consisted mainly of chemically unchanged hydrocarbon monoterpenes from the wood. The major monoterpenes were alpha-pinene (>50 %) and beta-pinene (20-30 %).The proportions of ten additional components were determined in the process emissions, which may be recovered to turpentine.The process emissions from a sulphite pulp mill consisted predominantly of the alkylbenzene para-cymene, formed from monoterpenes by acid reactions in the digestors. The contribution of the emissions to photo-oxidant formation in the surrounding region may be significant for both types of mills.
25.	Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al. (författare) Coniferyl alcohol from newsprint burning 2000 Ingår i: Nordic pulp and paper journal. ; 15, s. 98-100 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Coniferyl alcohol constitutes almost half of the amount of methoxyphenols in smoke from choked burning of newsprint produced from thermomechanical pulp. The results indicate that coniferyl alcohol is a key component not only in biosynthesis but also in thermal decomposition of lignin. The trans isomer was formed in 5-10 times larger amounts than the cis isomer. Coniferyl alcohol and the oxidised analogue coniferaldehyde were also shown to be the most prominent methoxyphenols in chimney smoke from stove burning of newsprint.
26.	Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al. (författare) Phenolic antioxidants in alder smoke during industrial meat curing 2001 Ingår i: Food Chemistry. ; 74, s. 85-89 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Alder wood smoke in a large sausage-curing chamber was analysed with regard to its content of methoxyphenol antioxidants. The use of Tenax adsorbent cartridges permitted simultaneous quantitative sampling of phenols condensed on smoke particles as well as gaseous compounds. The analytical determinations were performed by thermal desorption combined with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. In addition to methoxyphenols, several other key components were assessed, including 1,6-anhydroglucose, 2-furaldehyde, furans and hydrocarbons. Benzene was the most prominent hydrocarbon. The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds were low, due to a low smoke generation temperature. Predominant smoke components were the 2,6-dimethoxyphenols, which are characteristic thermal degradation products from hardwood. The 2,6-dimethoxyphenols are stronger antioxidants than the 2-methoxyphenols present in lower amounts. The particularly active antioxidants with a 4-alkenyl side-chain constituted 20-30% of total methoxyphenols, which is much more than normally reported for liquid smoke. The phenolic antioxidants may be important not only for the preservation of foods, but also for health as dietary components.
27.	Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al. (författare) Phenolic antioxidants in wood smoke 2001 Ingår i: The science of the total environment. ; 277, s. 69-75 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Ten prominent dimethoxyphenols were determined in birchwood smoke from choked and open laboratory burning and in chimney smoke from a tiled stove. The structures of the methoxyphenols are similar to those of the well-known tocopherol and ubiquinol antioxidants. The 2,6-dimethoxyphenols characterising hardwood smoke are stronger antioxidants than the corresponding 2-methoxyphenols present mainly in softwood smoke. The antioxidant activity is highest for the 2,6-dimethoxyphenols with 4-alkenyl and 4-alkyl groups, which constitute 60-70% of the total amount of dimethoxyphenols. Phenolic antioxidants are scavengers of oxygen radicals and should be considered when health hazards of small-scale incomplete biomass burning are estimated.
28.	Kjällstrand, Jennica, 1974, et al. (författare) Phenols and aromatic hydrocarbons in chimney emissions from traditional and modern residential wood burning 2001 Ingår i: Environmental Technology. ; 22, s. 391-395 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The emissions from a traditional tiled stove consisted mainly of lignin-related methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties, and 1,6-anhydroglucose from cellulose degradation. A wood stove of presently introduced energy-efficient design for residential heating and hot-water supply was shown to emit small amounts of methoxyphenols and anhydrosugars from primary wood pyrolysis. Secondary harmful components like benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons constituted a major portion of the organic emissions. It is concluded that differences in smoke composition are essential to consider in recommendations and rules for proper choices of wood burning devices.
29.	Larsson, Kenneth, et al. (författare) Methanolysis of galacturonic acid 1974 Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. ; 34, s. 323-329 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Dimethyl acetals of galacturono-6,3-lactone and methyl galacturonate are formed during methanolysis of galacturonic acid. The products of methanolysis were studied by ion exchange and gas chromatography. Trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatives were used in gas chromatography. Structure determinations were made from mass spectra of the TMS derivatives. The course of methanolysis was investigated by means of a gas chromatographic study of the composition of the reaction mixture as a function of time.
30.	Löfgren, Lars, 1964, et al. (författare) Butenes and butadiene in urban air 1992 Ingår i: The science of the total environment. ; 116, s. 195-201 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Samples of urban air hydrocarbons were taken on specifically made adsorbent cartridges and analysed by gas chromatography after thermal desorption. The four isomeric butenes and 1,3-butadiene were favourably resolved and separated from the abundant alkanes on an aluminium oxide PLOT column. The concentrations of butadiene, reflecting outdoor urban exposure, were in the range of 0.5-5 micrograms/m3. An approximate 1:4 ratio was observed between butadiene and propene which both originate predominantly from vehicle exhaust. The four butenes made up approximately 50% of the propene concentration in exhaust-polluted air, with methylpropene greater than 1-butene greater than trans-2-butene greater than cis-2-butene. Petrol vapour contributed less than exhaust but about five times more to the 2-butenes than to methylpropene and 1-butene. The highest exposure levels of butadiene and butenes were consistently observed in the vicinity of exhaust pipes and petrol-fuelled vehicles.
31.	Löfgren, Lars, 1964, et al. (författare) Exposure of commuters to volatile aromatic hydrocarbons from petrol exhaust 1991 Ingår i: The science of the total environment. ; 108, s. 225-233 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Twenty-two volatile aromatic hydrocarbons were determined in the air of an automobile during commuting. Sampling was made on Tenax cartridges and laboratory determinations were carried out using thermal desorption combined with temperature-programmed capillary gas chromatography. Selected hydrocarbons representative of petrol exhaust were determined in the automobile and in an electric commuter train during eight parallel commuter trips. In the automobile, the concentrations of benzene were 35-70 micrograms/m3 and those of total aromatic hydrocarbons 200-400 micrograms/m3. The petrol exhaust levels were 5-10 times higher in the automobile than in the compartment of the commuter train.
32.	Löfgren, Lars, 1964, et al. (författare) Photoionization assessment of C3-C5 alkadienes and alkenes in urban air 1992 Ingår i: Journal of Chromatography. ; 591, s. 358-361 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Hydrocarbons from samples of traffic-polluted urban air were separated by gas chromatography on an aluminium oxide column and assessed simultaneously by photoionization detection (PID) and flame ionization detection (FID) after effluent splitting. The 10.2 eV photoionization detector selectively detects alkadienes and alkenes but not alkanes and alkynes in the C3-C5 region. The maximum PID/FID response ratio for alkadienes and alkenes is also obtained in this region. The analytical system as a whole is particularly favourable for the C3-C5 alkenes. Analytical data are given for propadiene, 1,3-butadiene, propene, butenes and pentenes.
33.	Löfgren, Lars, 1964, et al. (författare) Proportions of volatile hazardous hydrocarbons in vehicle-polluted urban air 1992 Ingår i: Chemosphere. ; 24, s. 135-140 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Hydrocarbons of particular toxicological interest were determined in Scandinavian urban air as their fraction of total hydrocarbons except methane. Samples were taken on triple-layer adsorbent cartridges and the C2-C8 hydrocarbons were analyzed by gas chromatography on an Al2O3/KCl column. The approximate ratios 10:4:1 were observed for ethene, propene and butadiene. The proportion of these combustion-derived alkenes was low for cold starts, and highest for fast traffic.
34.	Löwendahl, Lars, 1940, et al. (författare) Dicarboxylic acids produced by oxygen-alkali treatment of birch xylan 1975 Ingår i: Acta Chem. Scand. B. ; 29:4, s. 526-527 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract C-(2-Hydroxyethyl)tartronic acid is predominant among the dicarboxylic acids and its formation in 12 % yield makes it a major product from xylan. The structure indicates that it is formed from terminal, oxidized xylose units by beta-elimination at C-4 and subsequent benzilic acid rearrangement. It is proposed that 2-ulosonic acid end-groups or ulosono-1,5-lactone end-groups, related in structure to ascorbic acid, are formed as precursors.
35.	Löwendahl, Lars, 1940, et al. (författare) Oxygen-alkali treatment of cellobiose 1975 Ingår i: Acta Chem. Scand. B. ; 29:9, s. 975-980 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract C-(2,3-Dihydroxypropyl)tartronic acid is a major dicarboxylic acid formed during O2-NaOH and O2-NaHCO3 treatment of cellobiose. The observation that this acid is the main reaction product after alkali treatment ofascorbic acid in O2-free medium supports the conclusion that it is formed via an aglycon moiety related to ascorbic acid. Other dicarboxylic acids from cellobiose are oxalic, tartronic, deoxytetraric, C-(hydroxymethyl)tartronic, and succinic acids.The temperature, pH and additions of iron and cobalt salts strongly influence the product composition. The formation of aldobionic acids from cellobiose parallels the formationof aldonic acid end groups during oxygen bleaching of cellulose.
36.	Löwendahl, Lars, 1940, et al. (författare) Phenolic compounds in kraft black liquor 1978 Ingår i: Svensk Papperstidning. ; 81:12, s. 392-396 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The prominent phenolic compounds with one aromatic ring in kraft black liquor were analysed by a combination of liquid chromatography, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Extracted spruce meal was cooked both under mild, conventional conditions and under extremely severe conditions. In all, the analyzed phenolic compounds amounted to 0.6 kg per 100 kg of dry wood under conventional conditions. In addition to 2-methoxyphenol, vanillin and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyacetophenone, several phenolic alcohols and carboxylic acids with the same aromatic substitution were isolated and identified. The yield of related 3,4- dihydroxyphenylsubstituted compounds increased under severe conditions.
37.	Mattsson, Mary, 1945, et al. (författare) Reference GLC data for the analysis of phenolic compounds as trimethylsilyl derivatives 1977 Ingår i: Journal of Chromatographic Science. - 0021-9665. ; 15, s. 546-554 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Comprehensive reference GLC data are given for trimethylsilyl derivatives of about 130 aromatic compounds grouped as phenols and naphthols, alcohols, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, and chloro compounds. The aldehydes and ketones were analysed as both oxime and O-methyl oxime derivatives. Retention data on methyl and phenyl silicone columns are given as MU values in temperature-programmed analysis. Correlations between structure and retention are interpreted in terms of MU increments of structural elements. Methods for predicting MU values are proposed. Diagrams based on differences in MU between the two silicone phases aid in qualitative analysis. Approximate FID relative molar response values were estimated from the atomic composition of the derivatives.
38.	Mattsson, Mary, 1945, et al. (författare) Trace Analysis of Hydrocarbons in Air Using Standard Gas Chromatographic and Personal Sampling Equipment 1982 Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry. ; 11:3-4, s. 211-219 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Unmodified standard gas chromatographs are reported to be useful for the determination of a large number of ambient hydrocarbons. Packing of standard injector glass liners with an adsorbent permits thermal desorption in the injector on to the chromatographic column. Coupling to a personal sampling pump permits exposure-related sampling. The potential of the technique is illustrated by applications with the Tenax GC adsorbent. Precautions required to avoid artifacts when working in the subnanogram range are described.
39.	Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al. (författare) Benzene emitted from glowing charcoal 2003 Ingår i: The Science of The Total Environment. ; 303:3, s. 215-220 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Benzene was assessed as the predominant aromatic compound emitted from glowing charcoal and firewood embers. Concentrations measured above charcoal used for grilling exceeded 10 mg m?3 at a 5% carbon dioxide level. Charcoal with a high carbon content released less benzene. Glowing wood pellets emitted less benzene than glowing firewood remainders. The emissions of ethene and propene relative to benzene were low for commercial charcoal and wood-pellet embers, but high for firewood ember. The proportions of methylbenzene and naphthalene from charcoal were typically only 10% relative to benzene, and those of benzofuran, dibenzofuran and benzonitrile were typically below 5%. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) indicator phenanthrene was below the 1% level. Adsorbent sampling and GC-MS were used for assessing all the aromatic compounds. Earlier studies of charcoal emissions have focused on carbon monoxide, PAH and dioxins. It is concluded that the carcinogenic benzene may be an even more severe health hazard to be addressed by exposure-decreasing measures.
40.	Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al. (författare) Oxidative pyrolysis of integral softwood pellets 2003 Ingår i: The Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. ; 67:1, s. 135-141 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Commercial wood pellets are increasingly used for residential heating. Characterisations were made of smoke components from oxidative pyrolysis of softwood pellets from compressed sawdust and wood shavings. Specific compounds released by flaming and glowing laboratory burning were sampled on Tenax cartridges and assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Six lignin-related 2-methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties, together with 1,6-anhydroglucose from cellulose, were the major primary semi-volatile compounds released during flaming burning. Glowing combustion released benzene as the predominant aromatic compound.
41.	Olsson, Maria, 1976, et al. (författare) Specific chimney emissions and biofuel characteristics of softwood pellets for residential heating in Sweden 2003 Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. ; 24:1, s. 51-57 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract Softwood pellets are mainly produced from sawdust and to some extent from wood shavings. The moisture content is typically less than half of that in firewood. The present annual residential use in Sweden for pellet burners in boilers and for pellet stoves amounts to more than 100 000 tonnes and is increasing rapidly. The total annual production capacity at the more than 20 units exceeds one million tonnes, and permits continued rapid replacement of firewood and petroleum oil for residential heating.With the purpose of characterising emissions to air, chimney smoke was sampled, and specific compounds were assessed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Benzene was the predominant aromatic compound in emissions from pellet burners. The smoke from stoves contained methoxyphenols with antioxidant properties and lower proportions of aromatic hydrocarbons. Observed differences in emissions from specific burning appliances are of interest with regard to both health hazards and regulation of emissions.Consideration of ecological aspects and pollution hazards indicates that wood pellets should be used primarily for residential heating, whereas controlled large-scale combustion is preferable for most other types of biomass waste.
42.	Petersson, Bo, 1941-, et al. (författare) Good Research Practice - What is it? 2006 Bok (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
43.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (författare) A McLafferty - type rearrangement of a trimethylsilyl group in silylated hydroxy carbonyl compounds 1972 Ingår i: Organic Mass Spectrometry. ; 6, s. 577-592 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract A McLafferty-type rearrangement of a trimethylsilyl group is demonstrated. Abundant rearrangement ions are formed for trimethylsilyl derivatives of alpha,beta-dihydroxy carbonyl compounds. Data are given for a large number of hydroxy acids and hydroxy ketones including aldonic acids, aldaric acids, acyclic ketoses and hydroxy keto acids. A few branched lactones are also shown to rearrange. The positive charge and the unpaired electron are extensively delocalized in the odd-electron rearrangement ions. Those substituents at the alpha-carbon atom which offer a favourable delocalization promote the rearrangement. Spectra of specifically methylated species reveal that migration over larger than six-membered rings occurs to some extent. An observed dependence of abundance on configuration is associated with steric strains in the transition state. The rearrangement ions are of great diagnostic value in structural analysis. They are relatively more abundant at low electron energies and give rise to the base peak at 20 eV for many compounds. Ions produced by the competing conventional McLafferty rearrangement are less abundant.
44.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (författare) Ambient hydrocarbons from motor-car assembly plants in Scandinavia 1982 Ingår i: Environmental Pollution (Series B). ; 4, s. 207-217 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract About 50 air-polluting hydrocarbons were determined in emissions from the Volvo and Saab motor-car plants. The sampling technique used was based on the Tenax GC adsorbent. Thermal desorption and glass capillary gas chromatography was used for the analysis. At a downwind distance of about 1 km, concentrations about 100 times higher than regional levels were recorded. The emissions constitute potential ecological and health hazards and a reduction of quantities and complexity is urgent.
45.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (författare) ANTIOXIDANTER mot aggressiva syreradikaler 2006 Ingår i: Tidningen Cancer- och Allergifonden informerar, 2006. ; , s. 5- Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Som komplement till det enzymatiska försvaret mot syreradikaler har kostens antioxidanter en huvudroll. De senaste åren har efterhand hundratals antioxidanter inom grupperna karotenoider och flavonoider identifierats. Artikeln visar hur vårt behov av viktiga ämnen från dessa grupper kan täckas via bra kostval.
46.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (författare) Antioxidanter mot åldrande 2015 Ingår i: Svensk Geriatrik. ; 2015:4, s. 22-26 Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Bildningen av destruktiva syreradikaler via cellandningen motverkas av skyddande enzymer. Ändå orsakar syreradikaler lipidperoxidation och biokemiska åldrandeprocesser. Det är därför livsviktigt att optimera skyddet från kostens antioxidanter. Fenoliska antioxidanter som flavonoider och tokoferoler samt de biokemiskt annorlunda karotenoiderna betonas.Artikelns senare del ger konkreta prioriterade tips om kostval för antioxidanter. Tomater, morötter, gröna ärtor, äpplen och apelsiner lyfts fram som primära vardagliga val.
47.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (författare) Avgasernas tusentals ämnen 1990 Ingår i: Älskade hatade bil (Källa 35 - Forskningsrådsnämnden) Redaktör: Lars-Ingmar Karlsson. - 9186174681 ; , s. 28-41 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Avgashalterna varierar starkt i våra närmiljöer, men de varierar på ett systematiskt och egentligen mycket lättbegripligt sätt. För en gata eller trafikled är följande haltrelationer typiska:* På trottoar vid trafik: 10* 10-20 m från körbana: 5* 50-100 m från körbana: 1
48.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (författare) Avgasfritt år 2000 1991 Ingår i: Barn och trafik inför år 2000; TFB-Rapport 1991:38; Redaktör Pia Björklid. - 9188370003 ; , s. 73-93 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Rapporten beskriver i ett framåtblickande perspektiv hur människor och särskilt barn utsätts för avgaser från trafik i sin närmiljö. Underrubriker - avgasparentesen; gifterna i trafikavgaser; gifterna i barnen; vad tål barnen; avgasrening räcker inte; barnens luftvärn; bilavgaser och passiv rökning; skolgårdar och lekplatser; avgasfria zoner; handla avgasfritt; gångvägar och cykelbanor; avgaser i bilar och bussar; avgaser inomhus; inversioner och haltmätningar; konstruktiv oro
49.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (författare) Bilavgaser som närmiljöproblem 1987 Ingår i: Buller och Avgaser - Slutplädering i Birkagårdsmålet. - 9129571685 ; , s. 76-81 Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract Halterna av bilavgaser i trafikmiljöer är typiskt ca 100 gånger högre än i bilfria landsbygdsmiljöer. Expositionen för avgaser minskar snabbt med avståndet från avgasrör. Fysisk aktivitet ökar upptaget av avgaser per tidsenhet. Minskad exposition för avgaser kan uppnås både genom trafikplanering och genom att aktivt undvika utsatta miljöer.
50.	Petersson, Göran, 1941 (författare) Branched deoxyaldaric acids from alkaline degradation of carbohydrates: Structure determination by mass spectrometry of trimethylsilyl derivatives 1975 Ingår i: Carbohydrate Research. ; 43, s. 1-8 Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract The deoxyaldaric acids corresponding in structure to the 3-deoxy-2-C-(hydroxymethyl)aldonic (isosaccharinic) acids have been identified as products of treatment of various carbohydrates with alkali and oxygen-alkali. The structures of the acids were determined from the mass spectra of their Me3Si derivatives on the basis of previously known, specific fragmentation reactions. The g.l.c.-m.s. technique was used, and g.l.c. retention data are given. The identified species are 2-deoxy-3-C-(hydroxymethyl)tetraric, 3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-erythro-pentaric, 3-deoxy-2-C-hydroxymethyl-threo-pentaric, 2-methyltartronic, 2-(2-hydroxyethyl)tartronic, and 2-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)tartronic acids. Their formation from 4-O-substituted uronic and ulosonic acids is briefly discussed.

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