| 1. |
- Lozano, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring progress from 1990 to 2017 and projecting attainment to 2030 of the health-related Sustainable Development Goals for 195 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 2091-2138
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Efforts to establish the 2015 baseline and monitor early implementation of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) highlight both great potential for and threats to improving health by 2030. To fully deliver on the SDG aim of “leaving no one behind”, it is increasingly important to examine the health-related SDGs beyond national-level estimates. As part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2017 (GBD 2017), we measured progress on 41 of 52 health-related SDG indicators and estimated the health-related SDG index for 195 countries and territories for the period 1990–2017, projected indicators to 2030, and analysed global attainment. Methods: We measured progress on 41 health-related SDG indicators from 1990 to 2017, an increase of four indicators since GBD 2016 (new indicators were health worker density, sexual violence by non-intimate partners, population census status, and prevalence of physical and sexual violence [reported separately]). We also improved the measurement of several previously reported indicators. We constructed national-level estimates and, for a subset of health-related SDGs, examined indicator-level differences by sex and Socio-demographic Index (SDI) quintile. We also did subnational assessments of performance for selected countries. To construct the health-related SDG index, we transformed the value for each indicator on a scale of 0–100, with 0 as the 2·5th percentile and 100 as the 97·5th percentile of 1000 draws calculated from 1990 to 2030, and took the geometric mean of the scaled indicators by target. To generate projections through 2030, we used a forecasting framework that drew estimates from the broader GBD study and used weighted averages of indicator-specific and country-specific annualised rates of change from 1990 to 2017 to inform future estimates. We assessed attainment of indicators with defined targets in two ways: first, using mean values projected for 2030, and then using the probability of attainment in 2030 calculated from 1000 draws. We also did a global attainment analysis of the feasibility of attaining SDG targets on the basis of past trends. Using 2015 global averages of indicators with defined SDG targets, we calculated the global annualised rates of change required from 2015 to 2030 to meet these targets, and then identified in what percentiles the required global annualised rates of change fell in the distribution of country-level rates of change from 1990 to 2015. We took the mean of these global percentile values across indicators and applied the past rate of change at this mean global percentile to all health-related SDG indicators, irrespective of target definition, to estimate the equivalent 2030 global average value and percentage change from 2015 to 2030 for each indicator. Findings: The global median health-related SDG index in 2017 was 59·4 (IQR 35·4–67·3), ranging from a low of 11·6 (95% uncertainty interval 9·6–14·0) to a high of 84·9 (83·1–86·7). SDG index values in countries assessed at the subnational level varied substantially, particularly in China and India, although scores in Japan and the UK were more homogeneous. Indicators also varied by SDI quintile and sex, with males having worse outcomes than females for non-communicable disease (NCD) mortality, alcohol use, and smoking, among others. Most countries were projected to have a higher health-related SDG index in 2030 than in 2017, while country-level probabilities of attainment by 2030 varied widely by indicator. Under-5 mortality, neonatal mortality, maternal mortality ratio, and malaria indicators had the most countries with at least 95% probability of target attainment. Other indicators, including NCD mortality and suicide mortality, had no countries projected to meet corresponding SDG targets on the basis of projected mean values for 2030 but showed some probability of attainment by 2030. For some indicators, including child malnutrition, several infectious diseases, and most violence measures, the annualised rates of change required to meet SDG targets far exceeded the pace of progress achieved by any country in the recent past. We found that applying the mean global annualised rate of change to indicators without defined targets would equate to about 19% and 22% reductions in global smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively; a 47% decline in adolescent birth rates; and a more than 85% increase in health worker density per 1000 population by 2030. Interpretation: The GBD study offers a unique, robust platform for monitoring the health-related SDGs across demographic and geographic dimensions. Our findings underscore the importance of increased collection and analysis of disaggregated data and highlight where more deliberate design or targeting of interventions could accelerate progress in attaining the SDGs. Current projections show that many health-related SDG indicators, NCDs, NCD-related risks, and violence-related indicators will require a concerted shift away from what might have driven past gains—curative interventions in the case of NCDs—towards multisectoral, prevention-oriented policy action and investments to achieve SDG aims. Notably, several targets, if they are to be met by 2030, demand a pace of progress that no country has achieved in the recent past. The future is fundamentally uncertain, and no model can fully predict what breakthroughs or events might alter the course of the SDGs. What is clear is that our actions—or inaction—today will ultimately dictate how close the world, collectively, can get to leaving no one behind by 2030.
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| 2. |
- Stanaway, Jeffrey D., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Lancet. - 1474-547X .- 0140-6736. ; 392:10159, s. 1923-1994
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk-outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk-outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk- outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk-outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017.
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| 3. |
- Baumann, Konrad, et al.
(författare)
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EISH – Exercises in Studying HCI
- 2007
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Ingår i: Creativity 3.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the outcomes of the December 2006 CONVIVIO Faculty Forum and the proposed framework and guidelines for design exercises to stimulate creativity, developed at the Forum.
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| 4. |
- Eftring, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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From Face-to-Face to Online UDeL Camps : Supporting Staff at Higher Education Institutions in Developing Universal Design for eLearning (UDeL)
- 2021
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Ingår i: Universal Design 2021 : From Special to Mainstream Solutions - From Special to Mainstream Solutions. - 1879-8365 .- 0926-9630. - 9781643681900 ; 282, s. 144-160
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The TINEL Project is running a series of camps for staff at higher education institution to support them in developing inclusive eLearning. The first camp was conducted face-to-face, but the coronavirus pandemic meant that the second camp was conducted online. This created a case study in inclusive eLearning in itself and allowed us to experience and reflect on the challenges and opportunities of inclusive online teaching and learning. This paper presents the structure and content of the two camps, our reflections on moving from a face-to-face to an online situation and our elaboration how the UDL principles apply to eLearning to create Universal Design for eLearning (UDeL). We found that because we already had a syllabus for the camp prepared, transferring it to an online camp did not present a great number of challenges. Some aspects of the online situation were actually advantageous (e.g. presenting all materials digitally and making them fully accessible) while others were difficult to overcome (e.g. engaging all participants in online activities and discussions). We provide a set of recommendations of how to implement the three principles of UDL in eLearning situations.
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| 5. |
- Fagerström, Lisbeth, et al.
(författare)
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An international study of Advanced Practice Nursing Students’ clinical competence by means of the PROFFNurse SAS : a professional nurse self-assessment scale of clinical core competencies
- 2014
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Various educational programs in advanced practice nursing have been developed throughout the world during the last decades to raise registered nurses’ clinical competence, thereby improving nurses’ competence for independent nursing roles. The “Professional Nurse Self-Assessment Scale” instrument has been developed to determine the core competences of advanced practice nurses (APNs), in accordance with the ICN’s definition of advanced practice nursing. A central question is whether such educational programs develop the required core competencies.Aim: To describe APN students’ perception of competence and perception of need for further training/learning by means of the PROFFNurse SAS instrument.Methods: Approximately 50 APN students from Norway, Sweden, Finland, Iceland, the Netherlands and Great Britain will be asked to participate and answer the PROFFNurse SAS questionnaire (through Questback) from October 2013 to April 2014. Data will be collected during the last study year of the students’ study program. IBM SPSS Statistics 20 for Windows will be used for statistical analyses.Results: Descriptive statistics of the students’ self-assessment of clinical competence and need for more training/learning will be presented during the conference. Differences between countries and between NP and CNS programs will be analyzed.Conclusions: The results of the study will provide an overview of APN students’ self-assessed clinical competence and possible gaps in the APN education programs will be identified.Intended learning outcomes:Understand core APN competencies through the PROFFNurse SAS instrument;Discern whether differences in NP and CNS educational programs exist;Recognize the need for assessing education programs from students’ perspectives.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jansson, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Haptic virtual environments for blind people: Exploratory experiments with two devices
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Virtual Reality. ; 4, s. 10-20
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is a fusion of two independent studies investigating related problems concerning the use of haptic virtual environments for blind people: a study in Sweden using a PHANToM 1.5 A and one in the U.K. using an Impulse Engine 3000. In general, the
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| 8. |
- Karlsson, MariAnne, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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PAM-AID. Personal Adaptive Mobility Aid for the Frail and Elderly Visually Impaired. D3.1. User Requirement Study
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- User requirements for a new type of mobility aid - PAM AID - for the frail and elderly visually impaired have been elicitied through interviews with users and carers in three countries: England, Ireland and Sweden. The results demonstrate that present mobility aids do not provide both balance support and navigation assistance, both functions necessary for the frail and visually impaired user. Users as well as carers regard the new aid as potentially useful and most users are interested in trying and/or using the device. Users prefer a simple, lightweight aid, similar to present walking frames, and equipped with facilities for resting, storing, and for attracting attention. The specification of tentative requirements will form the basis for the development and design of a first generation of prototypes. The prototypes will be evaluated in user trials, providing important information for the validation and elaboration of the user requirements.
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| 9. |
- Špakov, Oleg, et al.
(författare)
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Two-Way Gaze Sharing in Remote Teaching
- 2019
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Ingår i: Human-Computer Interaction – INTERACT 2019 : 17th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Paphos, Cyprus, September 2–6, 2019, Proceedings - 17th IFIP TC 13 International Conference, Paphos, Cyprus, September 2–6, 2019, Proceedings. - Cham : Springer International Publishing. - 0302-9743 .- 1611-3349. - 9783030293833 - 9783030293840 ; 11747, s. 242-251
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- On-line teaching situations where a tutor and their students are remote from each other mean that contact between them is reduced compared with teaching in a classroom. We report an initial study of two-way gaze sharing between a tutor and a group of students, who were in different locations. A 45-min class consisted of an introductory lecture followed by an exercise in using two software tools, one for building an experiment and the other for analysis of the data collected. The tutor went through an exercise step by step and the students followed. This was run twice with four students on each run. The tutor had a view of the students’ desktops with their gaze markers overlaid and each student had a view of the tutor’s desktop and gaze marker. Students found seeing the tutor’s gaze marker helpful during the exercise but distracting when reading the text on the lecture slides. The tutor found the view of the students’ gaze point helpful as an indicator of their current object of attention when giving assistance to individuals.
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| 10. |
- Wangensteen, Sigrid, et al.
(författare)
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Postgraduate nurses' self-assessment of clinical competence and need for further training : A European cross-sectional survey
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nurse Education Today. - : Elsevier. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 62, s. 101-106
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Nursing practice requires application of knowledge, skills and values in various combinations and has undergone substantial changes the last decades. An increased focus on inter-professional collaboration and possible new and more independent roles for nurses are described. A variety of programs have been developed in order to educate registered nurses (RN) to meet the changes and demands in health and nursing care throughout the world.Aim: The aims were to 1) describe nurses' self-assessment of clinical competence and need for further training, and 2) explore possible differences between nurses in specialist vs master's programs.Methods: A cross-sectional survey design was applied. 97 nurses in postgraduate programs from five countries responded (response rate 45%). A revised version of the Professional Nurse Self-Assessment Scale of clinical core competencies (PROFFNurseSASII) was used for data collection. Independent student t-test and regression analyses were carried out.Results: The respondents rated their competence highest in taking full responsibility, cooperation with other health professionals and in acting ethically. Items where they considered themselves needing further training most were competence on medications, interaction and side effects and differential diagnoses. For all items, nurses in master's programs rated their competence higher than nurses in the specialist programs. Nurses in specialist programs rated their need for more training for all items higher than nurses in master's degree programs, and for 47 out of the 50 items these differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: Even though the nurses rated their competence high for important competence aspects such as taking responsibility and cooperation with other health professionals, it is worrying that their need for further training was highest for effects and interaction of various types of medications. Further studies are needed to conclude if and how master's education improves patient outcome.
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