| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ahsan, Muhammad, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic analysis and replication of QTL effects on chicken body weight using a multi-locus introgression line
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Data Mining in Genomics and Proteomics. - 2153-0602. ; 4, s. 83-83
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) mapping is a useful initial step to dissect the geneticarchitecture of complex biological traits. Intercrosses between divergently selected lines ofanimals is a powerful approach to map loci that affect such traits individually or throughinteractions. The drawback with the approach is a low mapping resolution and consequentlyfurther fine mapping is needed for detailed studies of the mapped loci. We have earliermapped a network of four interacting loci that through reciprocal epistatic capacitationexplains nearly half of the difference in body weight between the Virginia High WeightSelected (HWS) and Low Weight Selected (LWS) chicken lines that after 50 generationsdisplay a 12-fold difference in weight at 56 days of age. The network has been replicated andfine-mapped in an eight-generation Advance Intercross Line (AIL) and its large effect onweight confirmed. A three-locus introgression line has been bred, where the LWS haplotypesat the three loci in the network with the strongest effects on weight have been simultaneouslyintrogressed into the HWS background. Here we describe the first results from a haplotypebasedassociation analysis in this multi-locus introgression line that again replicate the effectsof the introgressed loci on body-weight in the Virginia chicken lines, but also indicate anallelic heterogeneity at the loci within the founder-lines. Further analyses are in progress toevaluate the epistatic effects of the loci in this population as well as the functionalcontribution of the allelic heterogeneity.
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| 4. |
- Almstedt, Åsa, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Public spending on rural tourism in Sweden
- 2016
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Ingår i: Fennia. - : Geografiska sällskapet i Finland. - 1798-5617. ; 194:1, s. 18-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tourism is an important part of rural policies in European countries. An increased demand for rural amenities is seen as creating a more diversified labour market and contributing to the restructuring of the economy, from primary sectors and manufacturing to a more service-oriented economy, which has been termed a "new rural economy". As a result, and as often presented in many policy documents, tourism is now seen as a universal tool for rural development. The purpose of this study is to investigate the distribution of public spending on tourism in rural areas in Sweden. It focuses on public spending on the main programme for rural development, the Swedish rural development programme, but also on the regional structural funds programmes, from 2000 to 2013. Another subject of interest is how policy makers understand rural tourism as presented in policy documents since these documents, to a great extent, direct programme spending in terms of projects and their content. This study is based on register data on programme spending, policy documents and programme evaluation reports. Results show that a relatively small amount of total public spending targets tourism – mainly going to accommodation, activities and marketing efforts – indicating that tourism is still not a prioritised area despite policy makers’ understanding of rural tourism as expressed in policy documents. Thus, although public efforts target adequate parts of the tourism industry, they cannot be expected to contribute significantly to the restructuring of the rural economy.
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| 5. |
- Bergstén, Sabina, et al.
(författare)
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Experiences and emotions among private forest owners versus public interests : why ownership matters
- 2018
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Ingår i: Land use policy. - : Elsevier. - 0264-8377 .- 1873-5754. ; 79, s. 801-811
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By adopting a qualitative approach and considering the case of Sweden, the aim of the paper is to investigate and analyse how private forest owners' experiences and emotions related to their private forest ownership manifest themselves in their relationship to public use of their forests and public planning for recreation and biodiversity on their land. The study incorporates and elaborates upon a conceptual framework related to the dimensions of property rights, feelings of ownership, and sense of place in its analysis of the private forest ownership context. Fifty-one semi-structured interviews were conducted with forest owners owning land in two geographically different areas. The results demonstrate the important role of the 'social contract' of rights and responsibilities, which are associated with the concept of property rights, and are embedded in the relationship between private ownership and the Swedish custom of the Right of Public Access to nature in the broad acceptance of public use of private forestland. The forest owners' relationships with public planning are diverse and complex, illustrating the various dimensions of private forest ownership, the heterogeneous forest owner corps, and the different geographical contexts. The dimensions of ownership feelings and sense of place, and the interplay between them, are shown to contribute to enhanced sentiments linked to forest ownership, expressed in ambivalence or lack of conviction about public planning. An important point of resistance to public interests is owners' identity as stewards or long-term custodians of their particular forestland. The article ends with a set of recommendations for public policy and planning processes regarding public interests related to private forest ownership.
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| 6. |
- Ek, Pia, et al.
(författare)
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Identification and characterization of a mammalian 14-kDa phosphohistidine phosphatase
- 2002
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Ingår i: European Journal of Biochemistry. - : Wiley. - 0014-2956 .- 1432-1033. ; 269, s. 5016-5023
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein histidine phosphorylation in eukaryotes has beensparsely studied compared to protein serine/threonine andtyrosine phosphorylation. In an attempt to rectify this byprobing porcine liver cytosol with the phosphohistidinecontainingpeptide succinyl-Ala-His(P)-Pro-Phe-p-nitroanilide(phosphopeptide I), we observed a phosphataseactivity that was insensitive towards okadaic acid andEDTA. This suggested the existence of a phosphohistidinephosphatase different from protein phosphatase 1, 2Aand 2C. A 1000-fold purification to apparent homogeneitygave a 14-kDa phosphatase with a specific activity of 3lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 at pH 7.5 with 7 lM phosphopeptide Ias substrate. Partial amino-acid sequence determination ofthe purified porcine enzyme by MS revealed similaritywith a human sequence representing a human chromosome9 gene of hitherto unknown function. Molecularcloning from a human embryonic kidney cell cDNAlibraryfollowed by expression and purification, yielded aprotein with a molecular mass of 13 700 Da, and anEDTA-insensitive phosphohistidine phosphatase activityof 9 lmolÆmin)1Æmg)1 towards phosphopeptide I. Nodetectable activity was obtained towards a set of phosphoserine-,phosphothreonine-, and phosphotyrosine peptides.Northern blot analysis indicated that the humanphosphohistidine phosphatase mRNA was present preferentiallyin heart and skeletal muscle. These resultsprovide a new tool for studying eukaryotic histidinephosphorylation/dephosphorylation.
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| 7. |
- Garli, Fredrik, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Befolkningsutveckling och -prognoser : teori och tillämpning för Västerbottens län
- 2011
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Denna rapport behandlar befolkningsutvecklingen i Västerbottens län under perioden 1970-2025 vilket innebär att den dels gör en historisk tillbakablick över demografiska förhållanden samt prognostiserar den framtida befolkningsutvecklingen. Prognoserna har utformats med det regionala Analys och prognosprogrammet rAps 3.2. Utförandet av prognoserna är en preliminär studie av rAps partiella befolkningsmodell varpå en redovisning av den fulla modellkörningen inte skett. Utöver detta ges en översiktlig genomgång av några vanliga angreppssätt vid utförandet av befolkningsprognoser generellt.
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| 8. |
- Gradén, Mattias, 1974-
(författare)
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Vindkraft i Dalarna : Från acceptans och lokalisering till planering och eftertanke
- 2011
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines prerequisites for wind power diffusion in a county in Sweden that quite recently was concidered to be of interest for electricty production from renewable energy sources. Three different municipalities: Falun, Mora and Orsa in the county of Dalarna are highlighted. Their view on permitting processes of wind power installations are investigated. Other actors, such as exploiters and local citizens are also being analysed. This study shows that the local acceptance was very high when the first wind power parks were built, much thanks to local politicians and local citizens. For the politicians the wind power symbolised a key to a better green society, for the local citizens the wind power meant some economical advantages. The first wind power parks were localised to areas because of good wind conditions and social factors, especially from local communities. However, results from this study shows that the acceptance for wind power the last few years, in generel, has decreased. The local authorities have also been conscious of some negative consequenses from already built wind power parks. As a response they started to add planning tools to the permitting process.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Haugen, Katarina, 1980-
(författare)
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The accessibility paradox : Everyday geographies of proximity, distance and mobility
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis aims to explore the importance of proximity and mobility, respectively, for individuals’ accessibility, as well as the relationship between these two key spatial dimensions of accessibility in the context of everyday life. The thesis is based upon three empirical research papers which focus on accessibility-related preferences, actual accessibility conditions, and travel patterns. Focus is directed towards the spatial relationships between individuals’ residential location vis-à-vis the location of a selection of different amenities including work, education, service and leisure functions as well as social relations. The analyses are based on a wide range of quantitative data, including questionnaire surveys as well as official register data for the Swedish population. The first paper shows that residential proximity to amenities was most valued by individuals in the case of social relations and basic daily activities. The level of satisfaction with current accessibility conditions was generally high, with the exception of social relations where the findings suggest the existence of a ‘proximity deficit’. The second paper shows that observed average distances to most amenities have decreased over time (1995–2005). Concerning service amenities, the increases in proximity over the period were primarily due to a restructuring of the localization patterns within the service sector. A comparison of potential accessibility conditions and actual travel patterns revealed that people tend to travel farther than to the nearest amenity options, presumably to a large extent because of selective individual preferences, which may downplay the importance of distance in destination choice. The third paper shows that although the numerical supply of amenities within different spatial ranges has a significant influence on how far individuals travel for service errands, supply size alone is not sufficient for explaining travel length. The findings also suggest that although people tend to utilize the supply of amenities available locally, they are also willing to extend their travel distance in order to reach the amenity supply available within the region. Thus, even when there is a local supply, a rich regional supply may induce longer trips. A juxtaposition of the findings of the three empirical studies suggests the existence of an ‘accessibility paradox’ with several facets. First, although people express an affinity for residential proximity to many amenities, this is not necessarily reflected in actual destination choices, since minimization of travel distance is apparently not always a key criterion. This is also suggested by the conclusion that the spatial structure of the amenity supply alone accounts for only a relatively small part of the explanation of travel length, which is influenced by many other factors. In addition, actual travel distances show an increasing trend over time despite the concurrent reductions in potential distances. Second, the development over time indicates that the proximity deficit regarding social relations may be increasing in the sense that average distances have increased to many of the amenities considered important to have nearby, for instance adult children, but have decreased to those where proximity is not considered particularly important. Third, there is a discrepancy between the observed trend towards increased proximity to many amenities and much of the general discourse on accessibility, which tends to emphasize deteriorating conditions.
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| 11. |
- Holm, Johan, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Arbetsgivaren och den organisatoriska arbetsmiljön. Arbetsbelastning, juridiskt ansvar och upplevda problem
- 2019
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Ingår i: Arbetsmarknad & Arbetsliv. - Karlstad : Karlstads universitet. - 1400-9692 .- 2002-343X. ; 25:1, s. 49-67
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Arbetsgivares juridiska ansvar för arbetsmiljö och ett hållbart arbete återfinns i en mängd olika bestämmelser av varierande karaktär, samt i domar och beslut från Arbetsmiljöverket, vilket inte underlättar vare sig överskådlighet och förståelse av regelverkets innebörd. Avsikten är att i den här artikeln dels analysera arbetsgivares juridiska ansvar för arbetstagares arbetsbelastning inom arbetsmiljörätten, dels undersöka hur problem med arbetsbelastning upplevs samt om, och i så fall hur, dessa problem hanteras inom såväl manligt och kvinnligt dominerade arbetsplatser som inom privat och offentlig verksamhet.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Johansson, Anna Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-Wide Effects of Long-Term Divergent Selection
- 2010
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Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 6:11, s. e1001188-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To understand the genetic mechanisms leading to phenotypic differentiation, it is important to identify genomic regions under selection. We scanned the genome of two chicken lines from a single trait selection experiment, where 50 generations of selection have resulted in a 9-fold difference in body weight. Analyses of nearly 60,000 SNP markers showed that the effects of selection on the genome are dramatic. The lines were fixed for alternative alleles in more than 50 regions as a result of selection. Another 10 regions displayed strong evidence for ongoing differentiation during the last 10 generations. Many more regions across the genome showed large differences in allele frequency between the lines, indicating that the phenotypic evolution in the lines in 50 generations is the result of an exploitation of standing genetic variation at 100s of loci across the genome.
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| 17. |
- Keskitalo, E Carina H, et al.
(författare)
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Contrasting arctic and mainstream Swedish descriptions of Northern Sweden : the view from established domestic research
- 2013
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Ingår i: Arctic. - : Arctic Institute of North America. - 0004-0843 .- 1923-1245. ; 66:3, s. 351-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 2011, Sweden released its first-ever Arctic strategy, in preparation for taking over the chairmanship of the Arctic Council, an eight-state cooperation organization. The recent political development that will include Sweden more extensively in Arctic regional cooperation makes it relevant to review and comment on the image of the areas involved from a Swedish viewpoint and to improve the often very brief descriptions of northernmost Sweden in Arctic literature. In this paper, we contrast descriptions of the Arctic in the Arctic Human Development Report (AHDR) with descriptions of northern Sweden in established domestic demographic and regional development research. The study shows that many of the assumptions in the first AHDR to the effect that the eight "Arctic" regions are rather directly comparable in fact reveal substantial differences between areas, with northern Sweden standing in sharp contrast to many of the descriptions. Instead of having a population that is very small, young, and rapidly growing because of a high birth rate, northern Sweden is characterized by relatively dense habitation with a stable and aging population of long-term residents. Moreover, it has a very small and relatively integrated indigenous population with largely the same health situation as in Sweden overall. While depopulation and urbanization are evident in its less populated areas, migration from the region is partly directed at the larger regional centres in the area, following a pattern seen in the Western world at large.
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| 18. |
- Keskitalo, E. Carina H., 1974-, et al.
(författare)
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Rural-urban policies : changing conceptions of the human-environment relationship
- 2017
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Ingår i: Globalisation and change in forest ownership and forest use. - London : Palgrave Macmillan. - 9781137571151 - 9781137571168 ; , s. 183-224
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter describes how understandings of the "rural" have progressed from a focus on either decline or amenity, whereby these more simplified understandings can be seen to have had an impact on rural policy development. The chapter argues that rural areas, including forests, need to be understood in relation to both production and integration with urban landscapes. It thus illustrates the role of both historical processes and policy in creating current understandings of the rural: drawing upon an example from the Swedish case, it amongst others shows that a redistributive tax system has played a larger and more crucial role than rural policy in retaining active rural areas in Sweden.
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| 19. |
- Kierczak, Marcin, et al.
(författare)
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cgmisc : Enhanced Genome-wide Association Analyses and Visualisation
- 2015
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Ingår i: Bioinformatics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1367-4803 .- 1367-4811. ; 31:23, s. 3830-3831
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- SUMMARY:High-throughput genotyping and sequencing technologies facilitate studies of complex genetic traits and provide new research opportunities. The increasing popularity of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) leads to the discovery of new associated loci and a better understanding of the genetic architecture underlying not only diseases, but also other monogenic and complex phenotypes. Several softwares are available for performing GWAS analyses, R environment being one of them.RESULTS: We present cgmisc, an R package that enables enhanced data analysis and visualisation of results from GWAS. The package contains several utilities and modules that complement and enhance the functionality of the existing software. It also provides several tools for advanced visualisation of genomic data and utilises the power of the R language to aid in preparation of publication-quality figures. Some of the package functions are specific for the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) data.AVAILABILITY: The package is operating system-independent and is available from: https://github.com/cgmisc-team/cgmisc CONTACT: cgmisc@imbim.uu.se.
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| 20. |
- Knobblock, Erika, 1980-, et al.
(författare)
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Restructuring and risk-reduction in mining : employment implications for northern Sweden
- 2010
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Ingår i: Fennia. - 0015-0010. ; 188:1, s. 61-75
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the past, employment in northern Sweden has been largely dependent on natural resources. Shifting demands and price fluctuations for raw materials have caused boom periods as well as times of crisis in local communities. During the first decade of the 21st century, increasing global demand for minerals resulted in substantial investments in the Swedish mining industry. The purpose of this article is to assess the importance of mining for employment in the county of Västerbotten, northern Sweden, by focusing on the time period after 1990. Mining employment constitutes a rather small part of all employment in the study area, due to a restructuring process that started in the 1960s. However, results show that mining employment has increased slightly, especially after 2002. Global demand for minerals and related technology and services make it reasonable to believe that this change will have a deeper significance for employment opportunities in the study area. Restructuring in mining generates new business opportunities in subcontracting, consultancy and equipment production, but also creates new challenges. Consequently, it is important to make strategic decisions on regional and local levels concerning how to make use of the development in the mining industry to stimulate long-term regional employment growth.
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| 21. |
- Königson, Sara, et al.
(författare)
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Will harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) be deterred by a pinger that cannot be used as a "dinner bell" by seals?
- 2022
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Ingår i: Marine mammal science. - : WILEY. - 0824-0469 .- 1748-7692. ; 38:2, s. 469-485
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A measure proven successful in mitigating harbor porpoise bycatch, is the use of acoustic deterrents, i.e., pingers. However, most pingers are audible to seals. This may lead to seals associating pinger sounds with easily accessible food, leading to increased depredation, damage, and bycatch. In this study we tested if an experimental pinger, emitting sounds over 30 hr ON/OFF cycles, with low frequency components potentially audible to seals only at close distances, would effectively deter harbor porpoises. The porpoise response was measured by logging echolocation clicks, using C-POD click detectors, moored at different distances from the pinger. In addition, we calculated the theoretical pinger detection range for seals. Results showed that the pinger had a significant negative effect on the porpoise click activity logged at 0 m and 100 m distance but not at 400 m from the pinger. During pinger ON periods, we found no significant increase in echolocation over consecutive days of the study, suggesting no habituation to pinger sounds. Our theoretical detection distances indicate that seals can only detect the pinger at close distances, preventing seals from using this pinger as a "dinner bell."
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| 22. |
- Lai, Enyin, et al.
(författare)
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Blood lipids affect rat islet blood flow regulation through beta(3)-adrenoceptors
- 2014
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 307:8, s. E653-E663
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pancreatic islet blood perfusion varies according to the needs for insulin secretion. We examined the effects of blood lipids on pancreatic islet blood flow in anesthetized rats. Acute administration of Intralipid to anesthetized rats increased both triglycerides and free fatty acids, associated with a simultaneous increase in total pancreatic and islet blood flow. A preceding abdominal vagotomy markedly potentiated this and led acutely to a 10-fold increase in islet blood flow associated with a similar increase in serum insulin concentrations. The islet blood flow and serum insulin response could be largely prevented by pretreatment with propranolol and the selective beta(3)-adrenergic inhibitor SR-59230A. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester prevented the blood flow increase but was less effective in reducing serum insulin. Increased islet blood flow after Intralipid administration was also seen in islet and whole pancreas transplanted rats, i.e., models with different degrees of chronic islet denervation, but the effect was not as pronounced. In isolated vascularly perfused single islets Intralipid dilated islet arterioles, but this was not affected by SR-59230A. Both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system are important for the coordination of islet blood flow and insulin release during hyperlipidemia, with a previously unknown role for beta(3)-adrenoceptors.
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| 23. |
- Lai, En Yin, et al.
(författare)
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Endothelin-1 and pancreatic islet vasculature : studies in vivo and on isolated, vascularly perfused pancreatic islets
- 2007
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Ingår i: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 292:6, s. E1616-E1623
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor, which also stimulates insulin release. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exogenously administered ET-1 affected pancreatic islet blood flow in vivo in rats and the islet arteriolar reactivity in vitro in mice. Furthermore, we aimed to determine the ET-receptor subtype that was involved in such responses. When applying a microsphere technique for measurements of islet blood perfusion in vivo, we found that ET-1 (5 nmol/kg) consistently and markedly decreased total pancreatic and especially islet blood flow, despite having only minor effects on blood pressure. Neither endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor (BQ-123) nor endothelin-B (ET(B)) receptor (BQ-788) antagonists, alone or in combination, could prevent this reduction in blood flow. To avoid confounding interactions in vivo, we also examined the arteriolar vascular reactivity in isolated, perfused mouse islets. In the latter preparation, we demonstrated a dose-dependent constriction in response to ET-1. Administration of BQ-123 prevented this, whereas BQ-788 induced a right shift in the response. In conclusion, the pancreatic islet vasculature is highly sensitive to exogenous ET-1, which mediates its effect mainly through ET(A) receptors.
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| 24. |
- Landby, Emma, 1991-
(författare)
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Family, disability and (im)mobility : geographies of families with wheelchair-using children with cerebral palsy
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mobility is important in shaping people’s lives and experiences through places visited and social interactions with other people. In families with children, mobilities are usually complex and include negotiations between various family members, affecting how they move about in time-space. While children in general often are dependent on parental support in relation to transport, children with disabilities tend to be even more reliant on their parents, not least because they are highly car dependent due to social and environmental barriers associated with other transport modes. This implies that not only disabled children, but also other family members, could be affected by disability related mobility constraints. This thesis focuses especially on mobilities of Swedish families with wheelchair-using children with cerebral palsy. Based on interviews, time-use diaries and a survey, I explore how disabling barriers affect families’ daily and tourism mobilities. I use a time-geographical framework, especially focusing on projects and constraints. My findings show that these families experience many constraints on mobilities and numerous negotiations and adaptations need to be done to enable mobility for all family members. Oftentimes, it is the disabled child’s mobility that is prioritised, which in everyday life often is related to an increased number of trips (e.g. appointments with physiotherapists, doctors and other authorities involved in healthcare) as well as longer distances travelled to reach accessible (pre)schools and leisure activities. Parents are often accompanying their children, which limits the time available for the parents’ own mobilities, impinges on their geographical reach and affect their possibilities on the labour market. A solution to improve opportunities for (independent) daily mobility for all family members is to have personal assistance in combination with special transport services for the disabled child, which are part of the Swedish support system. For tourism mobility, families often travel together and disabling barriers affect how and where they can travel. My findings show that these families have a limited set of tourism destinations that they can travel to. Disabling barriers on tourism mobility can be negotiated by leaving the disabled child at home or going on separate trips. This opens up mobility opportunities for the non-disabled family members, but can put further limitations on the mobility of the disabled child.
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| 25. |
- Liljenfeldt, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Distributional justice in Swedish wind power development – an odds ratio analysis of windmill localization and local residents' socio-economic characteristics
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Policy. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4215 .- 1873-6777. ; 105, s. 648-657
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With a fast rise in large-scale wind power development in Sweden and other countries in recent years, issues related to energy justice generally and distributional justice specifically have become concerns in windmill siting. Some research, for instance, has indicated that it is easier to build windmills in economically marginalized communities. The evidence for this, however, is still limited. Thus, this study aims to statistically evaluate the extent to which the decisions to approve or reject windmill proposals in Sweden can be explained by factors related to the socio-economic characteristics of people living in the areas surrounding windmill sites. The study is based on an odds ratio analysis of decisions on all windmill proposals in Sweden, in which georeferenced socio-economic data on an individual level for all inhabitants within 3 and 10 km of the windmill sites are studied. The results show skewness in the distribution of windmills, with a higher likelihood of rejection in areas with more highly educated people and people working in the private sector, compared to a higher likelihood of approval in areas with more unemployed people. This skewness, while not necessarily unjust, warrants further policy and research attention to distributional justice issues when developing wind power.
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| 26. |
- Liljenfeldt, Johanna, 1983-
(författare)
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Where the Wind Blows : the socio-political geography of wind power development in Finland, Norway and Sweden
- 2017
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis analysis the planning process for large-scale wind power development in Finland, Norway and Sweden. The aim is to explore the emerging power relations and socio-economic dynamics of the negotiation, planning and realization of this new development. The thesis employs an energy justice framework to capture the opportunities different stakeholders have to take part in and influence wind power development processes (‘procedural justice’), and how the potential benefits and burdens of wind power development are divided between stakeholders (‘distributional justice’). The study’s setup is an embedded sequential mixed methods research design, which includes analysis of policy documents, in-dept interviews, observations, as well as register based population data.The thesis shows how power relations on both a structural level and an actor level are used to exert power and influence over the planning process for wind power development. On a structural level, the results indicate that transformations in EU directives and national planning laws and guidelines in Finland, Norway and Sweden in recent years have been more focused on speed and efficiency in planning processes than on legitimacy issues. The changes that have been implemented seem to point to diminishing opportunities for broad participation and debate in wind power planning processes, in favour of more top-down processes with a specific, sectoral focus on developing wind power. On the actor level, perceived improper behaviour by different actors within the planning process can further limit the possibilities for participation. People refrain from participating in planning processes, for instance, if they feel that they are treated disrespectfully or if there have occurred procedural errors that undermine the legitimacy of the formal planning process. However, participation in formal planning processes is not the only way to influence planning processes. There are a number of more informal channels, such as using the media or the Internet, lobbying, or rallying local support, that can and have been used by stakeholders to tap into the formal planning process to try to affect its outcomes. Such informal activities have a considerable spatial and scalar reach, the importance of which is that stakeholders utilizing such measures have the possibility to affect not only the local wind power project under debate, but also developments in other places and attitudes towards wind power more generally.As concerns distributional issues, the results of the thesis show that the evidence of distributional inequality concerning wind power development on the national scale in Sweden is not very strong; but if such inequalities exist, there are possibilities to redistribute the benefits from wind power to those who are burdened by the developments. Distributional injustice related to wind power development is thus not an evident problem, generally speaking, in Sweden today. However, if this state is to remain, procedural aspects related to the continued development of wind power need to be kept in mind, as procedural and distributional inequalities are intimately related. Of specific concern is the need to address formal and informal procedures that marginalize stakeholder participation in planning processes, but it is equally important to also consider who is to be included in or excluded from negotiations and the distribution of local economic benefits connected to specific wind power projects.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Lundmark, Linda, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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The Relevance of Cluster Initiatives in Rural Areas : Regional Policy in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Urbani Izziv. - : Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia. - 0353-6483 .- 1855-8399. ; 23:Suppl. 1, s. S42-S52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relatively weak performance of sparsely populated areas has been given substantial attention in many regional, national and European Union initiatives. Many rural areas are struggling with development problems such as depopulation, advanced ageing, industrial restructuring and high levels of structural unemployment. In Sweden these issues are mainly associated with the difficulties in the non-metropolitan sparsely populated areas in the northern and southeastern parts. Here, the issue of implementing general cluster policies in sparsely populated regions in order to enhance their economic development is in focus. This research includes an overview of existing Swedish regional growth and development programmes that exemplify the current regional policies. It is found that the concepts of clusters and innovation systems have become important for policy on national and regional levels of government, but the understanding of the concepts is poor. In spite of regional variations in preconditions for cluster development, there are no clear regional modifications in the interpretation of clusters as described in the documents. One conclusion is that regional and local strategies to develop businesses in sparsely populated areas would benefit from using examples from non-metropolitan regions as a point of departure rather than using experiences drawn from high-tech industries located in metropolitan areas usually referenced in the international literature. The routine use of cluster and innovation systems in policy on the regional level underlines the need for more empirically based research on the preconditions for cluster development in sparsely populated areas.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Nelson, Ronald, et al.
(författare)
-
A century after Fisher : time for a new paradigm in quantitative genetics.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Trends in Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9525 .- 1362-4555. ; 29:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantitative genetics traces its roots back through more than a century of theory, largely formed in the absence of directly observable genotype data, and has remained essentially unchanged for decades. By contrast, molecular genetics arose from direct observations and is currently undergoing rapid changes, making the amount of available data ever greater. Thus, the two disciplines are disparate both in their origins and their current states, yet they address the same fundamental question: how does the genotype affect the phenotype? The rapidly accumulating genomic data necessitate sophisticated analysis, but many of the current tools are adaptations of methods designed during the early days of quantitative genetics. We argue here that the present analysis paradigm in quantitative genetics is at its limits in regards to unraveling complex traits and it is necessary to re-evaluate the direction that genetic research is taking for the field to realize its full potential.
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| 31. |
- Nelson, Ronald, et al.
(författare)
-
Variance heterogeneity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression data : trans-regulation and epistasis.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we describe the results from the first variance heterogeneity Genome Wide Association Study (VGWAS) on yeast expression data. Using this forward genetics approach, we show that the genetic regulation of gene-expression in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, includes mechanisms that can lead to variance heterogeneity in the expression between genotypes. Additionally, we performed a mean effect association study (GWAS). Comparing the mean and variance heterogeneity analyses, we find that the mean expression level is under genetic regulation from a larger absolute number of loci but that a higher proportion of the variance controlling loci were trans-regulated. Both mean and variance regulating loci cluster in regulatory hotspots that affect a large number of phenotypes; a single variance-controlling locus, mapping close to DIA2, was found to be involved in more than 10% of the significant associations. It has been suggested in the literature that variance-heterogeneity between the genotypes might be due to genetic interactions. We therefore screened the multi-locus genotype-phenotype maps for several traits where multiple associations were found, for indications of epistasis. Several examples of two and three locus genetic interactions were found to involve variance-controlling loci, with reports from the literature corroborating the functional connections between the loci. By using a new analytical approach to re-analyze a powerful existing dataset, we are thus able to both provide novel insights to the genetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene-expression in budding yeast and experimentally validate epistasis as an important mechanism underlying genetic variance-heterogeneity between genotypes.
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| 32. |
- Olander, Ewy, et al.
(författare)
-
Hälsovägledning i barnhälsovården. Erfarenheter från sju års forsknings- och utvecklingsarbete.
- 2006
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Between 1997 -2005 a research and developing work has been carried out in collaboration between Child Health Services, Lyckeby Primary Health Area , County Council of Blekinge and a researcher at School of Health, Blekinge Institute of Technology with purpose to develop health counselling in Child Health Services and to study this process. Corner stones for the collaboration and developing process were a participatory approach, a Health Action process and improvement work evolving from practice. The present report describe the evaluation of improvement for seven years, two initial years as a project and five years in ordinary activity, the impact on health counselling and, strains and obstacles for maintaining. The evaluation suggests that the overall aim for the improvement has been achieved. The studies shows that health counselling is a multi-faced work and therefore actions and improvements can not only focus on the health counselling in the consultations. Several factors interact and influence on the routines for child health services, collaboration and health counselling. The process evaluation showed that the participatory action approach made that the district nurses felt that they “urge on together” to improve the health counselling and reach the goal, although the extra developing work took time. The health action working process and the group meetings developed the request of reflection and discussion. By active participating in the project the district nurses developed awareness, knowledge, skills and methods for action and changing and prerequisites for maintaining and application in the organisation increase. The “outsider” (researcher) is important as a reflection and analysis partner. The improving and changing process needs and takes time, for being emerged and not forced, sustainable and not a dayfly.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Pettersson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Capacitating epistasis--detection and role in the genetic architecture of complex traits.
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Methods in Molecular Biology. - New York, NY : Springer New York. - 1064-3745 .- 1940-6029. ; 1253:1253, s. 185-196
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here, we discuss the potential role of capacitating epistasis in the genetic architecture of complex traits. Two alternative methods for identifying such gene-gene interactions in genetic association studies-mapping of variance controlling loci and the variance plane ratio (VPR) method-are introduced. An overview of the theoretical foundation of the methods is presented together with a discussion on their implementation and available software for performing these analyses. We conclude by highlighting a few examples of capacitating epistasis described in the literature and its potential impacts on the genetics of complex traits.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Pettersson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Dynamics of adaptive alleles in divergently selected body weight lines of chickens.
- 2013
-
Ingår i: G3. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2160-1836. ; 3:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By studying genomic changes over time in populations subjected to strong artificial directional selection, we can gain insights to the dynamics of beneficial alleles originating from the founder population or emerging as novel mutations undergoing ongoing selection. The Virginia lines are a chicken resource population generated by long-term bi-directional, single-trait selection for juvenile body weight. We studied genome-wide allele frequency changes from generation 40 to 53 using genome-wide genotypes from directional and relaxed selection lines. Overall, there were small changes in allele frequencies at individual loci over the studied time period; but, on average, the changes were greater in lines with larger phenotypic changes. This is consistent with previous findings that much of the response to selection over the first 40 years of selection was attributable to utilization of standing genetic variation at many loci in the genome, indicating a mostly polygenic architecture for body weight. Over the course of the selection experiment, the largest phenotypic response to selection was observed in the high-weight selected line, and in this line we detected a single locus where the allele frequency changed rapidly during a late stage of the experiment. This locus likely contains a novel, beneficial mutation that appeared between generations 40 and 45 and was driven to fixation in 5 to 10 generations. This result illustrates the dependence of continued long-term selection response on standing genetic variation at many loci as well as strong, novel, beneficial mutations.
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Pettersson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Replication and Explorations of High-Order Epistasis Using a Large Advanced Intercross Line Pedigree
- 2011
-
Ingår i: PLoS Genetics. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1553-7390 .- 1553-7404. ; 7:7, s. e1002180-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dissection of the genetic architecture of complex traits persists as a major challenge in biology; despite considerable efforts, much remains unclear including the role and importance of genetic interactions. This study provides empirical evidence for a strong and persistent contribution of both second- and third-order epistatic interactions to long-term selection response for body weight in two divergently selected chicken lines. We earlier reported a network of interacting loci with large effects on body weight in an F(2) intercross between these high-and low-body weight lines. Here, most pair-wise interactions in the network are replicated in an independent eight-generation advanced intercross line (AIL). The original report showed an important contribution of capacitating epistasis to growth, meaning that the genotype at a hub in the network releases the effects of one or several peripheral loci. After fine-mapping of the loci in the AIL, we show that these interactions were persistent over time. The replication of five of six originally reported epistatic loci, as well as the capacitating epistasis, provides strong empirical evidence that the originally observed epistasis is of biological importance and is a contributor in the genetic architecture of this population. The stability of genetic interaction mechanisms over time indicates a non-transient role of epistasis on phenotypic change. Third-order epistasis was for the first time examined in this study and was shown to make an important contribution to growth, which suggests that the genetic architecture of growth is more complex than can be explained by two-locus interactions only. Our results illustrate the importance of designing studies that facilitate exploration of epistasis in populations for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the genetics underlying a complex trait.
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| 39. |
- Pettersson, Mats, et al.
(författare)
-
Selection on variance-controlling genes : adaptability or stability.
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Evolution. - : Wiley. - 0014-3820 .- 1558-5646. ; 66:12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulations on a model system where a variance-controlling master locus scales the effects of a set of effector loci show that selection affects the variance-controlling locus more strongly than the effector loci, and that the direction of selection is dependent on the frequency of environmental changes.
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| 40. |
- Pettersson, Örjan, 1969-
(författare)
-
An ageing countryside : Successful ageing or just advanced ageing in the rural areas of northern Sweden?
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Social capital and development trends in rural areas. - Jönköping : RUREG. - 9789163372216 ; , s. 151-167
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years the issue of ageing populations has been given high priority on the agenda for politicians, planners and other decision-makers. That people tend to live longer is in most cases perceived as something positive, whereas the society could also face difficulties to handle a situation with a growing share of elderly people. Although many rural areas exposed to ageing processes experience structural net out-migration of young people and depopulation, other rural areas attract people close to retirement age and have rather stable or even increasing number of inhabitants. From these perspectives it is relevant to pinpoint both positive aspects, usually related to the concept of “successful ageing”, and the negative aspects often associated with “advanced ageing”. The paper provides a detailed geographical analysis of the contemporary tendencies within the rural areas of the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden. Results indicate considerable differences within the county. Rural areas affected by decades of depopulation are also those with a bias towards advanced ageing. However, not all sparsely populated areas follow the general pattern with both depopulation and ageing. First of all, there are some villages in the mountain range with younger populations and a more stable number of inhabitants. Secondly, even in remote rural areas facing depopulation there are parts where the number of elderly is decreasing. This reduction could be due to out-migration of old people or that a substantial part of the population already in the early 1990s had reached such a high age that they where gone by the end of the study period. By contrast, the number of people 75+ in expanding rural areas within commuting distance from Umeå has increased relatively little in comparison to other age groups above 44 years of age. This could indicate either that these areas are not as attractive to elderly people as sometimes assumed or difficulties to manage in these surroundings when becoming aged.
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| 41. |
- Pettersson, Örjan, 1969-, et al.
(författare)
-
Att sätta kurs mot framtiden : planeringsförutsättningar och målbilder för hållbar blå tillväxt i Kvarkenområdet
- 2018
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Havsmiljön står inför stora utmaningar. Samtidigt finns en utvecklingspotential baserat på de möjligheter som haven erbjuder. Blå tillväxt avser en långsiktig strategi för att stödja en hållbar tillväxt via havsrelaterade näringar och samtidigt hantera de miljömässiga utmaningarna. Syftet med denna rapport har varit att undersöka förutsättningar för blå tillväxt i Kvarkenområdet. Med Kvarkenområdet menas i denna rapport Västerbottens och Västernorrlands län på svensk sida och landskapen Österbotten och Mellersta Österbotten på finsk sida. Följande frågeställningar har varit i fokus: Vilka övergripande och sektorspecifika ambitioner och mål finns för blå tillväxt på internationell nivå (främst inom EU), samt på nationell och regional nivå i Sverige och Finland respektive de berörda områdena runt Kvarken? Vilka utmaningar för och möjligheter till blå tillväxt ser olika typer av aktörer verksamma i området? Vilka konkreta förslag på åtgärder, målsättningar och projekt kopplade till blå tillväxt, särskilt genom olika former av gränsöverskridande samverkan, ser dessa aktörer?Frågeställningarna har besvarats utifrån en sammanställning av policydokument, samt en serie av dialogmöten och kompletterande intervjuer. Tyngdpunkten i denna rapport ligger på de dialogmöten som arrangerades i Umeå, Vasa och Örnsköldsvik. Till dessa möten inbjöds aktörer från en rad organiserade intressen såsom myndigheter, företag och organisationer, vilka bedömdes vara kopplade till kust- och havsmiljön i området. Genomförandet baserades på en metodik utvecklad av det svenska Trafikverket, en sk åtgärdsvalsstudie (ÅVS), men anpassades till just detta sammanhang. Projektgenomförandet kan på så sätt sägas ha varit innovativt. Avsikten med mötena var dels att informera om projektet och blå tillväxt mer allmänt, dels att fånga upp kunskap om situationen i området (behov, möjligheter, utmaningar etc), samt visioner och förslag på åtgärder kopplade till kust och hav i Kvarkenområdet. Ett särskilt intresse riktades mot att inventera idéer vilka skulle kunna bidra till gränsöverskridande erfarenhetsutbyte, samarbeten och utveckling i regionen.De strategier som finns för utveckling kopplad till kust och hav i Kvarkenområdet följer i stor utsträckning det som lyfts fram inom EU och på nationell nivå i Finland och Sverige. Det gäller bland annat de verksamheter och aspekter vilka pekas ut som relevanta i sammanhanget, såsom sjöfart, fiske, energiproduktion och naturvård. På regional nivå finns dock få konkreta och tydliga mål direkt kopplade till blå tillväxt, men det kan i viss mån förklaras av att begreppet som sådant är relativt nytt. I styrdokument om blå tillväxt på internationell och nationell nivå finns det av förklarliga skäl verksamheter som ter sig mindre aktuella i projektområdet, antingen på grund av naturgivna förhållanden eller att de utgör tämligen marginella företeelser, åtminstone i dagsläget. Till de senare hör t ex musselodling, mineral- och sandutvinning, samt kryssningsturism. Havsbaserad vindkraft, liksom vattenbruk i form av t ex fiskodlingar ute på öppet hav, framhålls som möjligheter men för närvarande är de tekniska och ekonomiska svårigheterna för stora. I de dialogmöten och intervjuer som genomförts framkommer liknande behov, möjligheter och utmaningar som de som lyfts fram i styrdokument på internationell, nationell och regional nivå. Däremot har det lokala nyttjandet av närområdet och lokalbefolkningens syn på sin egen näromgivning kommit fram i större utsträckning i diskussionerna än vad som ofta sker på nationell nivå och i olika styrdokument.En del av förslagen rörande blå tillväxt bygger på synergier mellan olika intressen och verksamheter. Ett konkret förslag är att öka samarbetet mellan färjetrafiken och be-söksnäringen, främst hotellen i regionen. Besöksnäringen kan också knytas närmare till fisket, t ex genom att yrkesfiskare tar med sig turister ut på havet (sk Pescaturism), att den lokalt fångade fisken serveras på restauranger eller att sportfiske kan ingå som en aktivitet att erbjuda turisterna, t ex uthyrning av fiskeutrustning, trollingfiske eller olika former av paket (resa/transport, boende, mat och aktivitet). Även djärva idéer om att ha plattformar ute till havs för att kombinera t ex energiproduktion och vattenbruk har diskuterats.Det stora och breda deltagandet och engagemangen i dialogmötena tyder på att det finns ett stort intresse för att diskutera frågor rörande nyttjandet av kust och hav i regionen. Möten och intervjuer visar dessutom att det finns en potential för blå tillväxt i Kvarkenområdet. Tydligt är att blå tillväxt kan bidra till landsbygdsutveckling vid kusten och i skärgårdarna i form av företagande, sysselsättning, innovationer, förbättrad service, tillgänglighet och kommunikationer, samt attraktivitet för bofasta och besökare. Även om inte fokus har legat på konflikter och motstridiga intressen, så har flera sådana behandlats. I temagrupperna har det ofta varit livliga diskussioner mellan olika aktörer, men samtidigt funnits en förståelse för att det finns andra, ofta motstående, intressen och synsätt. Genom att delge sina uppfattningar har deltagarna också bidragit till en allmänt ökad förståelse för skilda synsätt på problem och möjligheter rörande Kvarkenområdets havs- och kustmiljöer. Även de gränsregionala inslagen med deltagare från både svensk och finsk sida har bidragit till nya perspektiv och kontakter mellan mötesdeltagarna.Sammanfattningsvis har dialogmöten och intervjuer bidragit med många idéer och konkreta förslag vilka kan nyttiggöras i fortsatt planering och utvecklingsarbete, t ex myndighetsutövning, fysisk planering och utvecklingsstrategier i skilda geografiska kontexter och administrativa nivåer. Resultaten kan därigenom bidra till det pågående arbetet med havsplanering, samt framtida strategier för lokal och regional utveckling i Kvarkenområdet. Genomförandet av projektet kan dessutom inspirera till andra gränsöverskridande samarbeten avseende blå tillväxt och fungera som en modell för andra liknade områden inom EU. Vidare har de dialogmöten som genomförts, tillsammans med projektets slutkonferens i Vasa, utgjort arenor för att sprida information om projektet och dess resultat, samt erbjudit möjligheter att utbyta erfarenheter, diskutera åtgärder och projekt kopplade till blå tillväxt i regionen.
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| 42. |
- Pettersson, Örjan, 1969-
(författare)
-
Contemporary population changes in north Swedish rural areas
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Fennia. - Helsinki : Geografiska sällskapet i Finland. - 0015-0010. ; 179:2, s. 159-173
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During the 1990s most municipalities and rural areas in northern Sweden have experienced renewed depopulation. At the same time, many regional centres (mainly university cities), but also some rural areas, have shown significant population growth. This article focuses on the latter rural areas and describes their geographical location and the socio-demographic characteristics of their populations. Three types of rural areas with population growth have been identified. Firstly, there are the rural areas within daily commuting distance from regional centres. Secondly, there is a group of rural areas that has benefited from the tourist industry. Most of these tourist resorts are mountain villages close to the border with Norway. Finally, there are also a few rural areas characterised by attractive residential environments and leisure housing.
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| 43. |
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Pettersson, Örjan, 1969-
(författare)
-
Microregional fragmentation in a Swedish county
- 2001
-
Ingår i: Papers in regional science (Print). - : Springer. - 1056-8190 .- 1435-5957. ; 80:4, s. 389-409
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study of the county of Västerbotten in northern Sweden reveals significant differences in socio-economic conditions between populations living in different residential environments. A cluster analysis was performed in order to classify the nearly 500 microregions into a manageable number of groups with distinctive profiles. A seven-cluster solution contains groups ranging from remote and sparsely populated areas with poor socio- economic conditions and a large proportion of elderly to the most prosperous residential environments within the major centers. Besides high disposable incomes, the relatively wealthy areas also show high educational levels and better-than-average health status. In this way the county could be broken down into a mosaic of local housing environments with very different prerequisites for consumption and economic development. Increasingly, we find socio-economic marginality problems even within densely populated regions. The complex and dispersed pattern of disadvantaged and underprivileged residential areas all over Västerbotten indicates the difficulty in treating counties and municipalities as homogeneous regions. Our findings may have major implications for regional planning and regional policy.
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| 47. |
- Pettersson, Örjan
(författare)
-
Population Changes in Rural Areas in Northern Sweden 1985-1995
- 1999
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the 1990s most municipalities and rural areas in northern Sweden have experienced renewed depopulation. At the same time, many regional centres (mainly university towns), but also some rural areas, have shown significant population growth. This paper focuses on the latter rural areas and describes their geographical location and the socio-demographic characteristics of their populations. Three types of rural areas with population growth have been identified. Firstly, there are the rural areas within daily communing distance from a few regional centres. Secondly, there is a group of rural areas that has benefited from the tourist industry. Most of these tourist resorts are mountain villages close to the border with Norway. Finally, there are also a few rural areas characterised by attractive residential environments and leisure housing.
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| 48. |
- Pettersson, Örjan, 1969-
(författare)
-
Socio-economic dynamics in sparse regional structures
- 2002
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the thesis is to describe and analyse socio-economic changes in northern Sweden. Focus is on the period 1985-2000. Population development, restructuring of economic activities, political and cultural changes are related to a theoretical discussion on the transformation of sparsely populated areas as an outcome of multi-dimensional and interrelated processes. Besides an introductory and concluding section, the thesis contains four papers.The first paper deals with forestry's changed role in the local economy of four municipalities located in the inland areas of upper Norrland. The changes within forestry have been driven by adaptation to global competition and rapid technical development. Even though timber production has increased in some of the municipalities, job losses have greatly reduced the importance of forestry in the local economies. Many employees have left forestry for work in other branches, unemployment or retirement However, relatively few have moved from the area. A multiplier model was employed in order to analyse the impact on the local economy.The second paper deals with population changes in the six northernmost counties. During the 1990s, most municipalities and rural areas in northern Sweden have experienced renewed depopulation. At the same time, some rural areas have shown significant population growth. Three types of rural areas with population growth have been identified. Firstly, there are rural areas within daily commuting distance from regional centres. Secondly, there is a group of rural areas, mainly a number of mountain villages close to the border with Norway, which has benefited from the tourist industry. Finally, there are a few rural areas characterised by attractive residential environments and leisure housing.The third paper is based on a classification of 500 residential areas and villages in the county of Västerbotten into seven types of housing environments. In this way, the county is broken down into a mosaic of housing environments characterised by very different prerequisites for consumption and economic development A complex and dispersed pattern of disadvantaged residential areas all over the county indicates the difficulty in treating counties and municipalities as homogeneous regions.In the fourth paper, focus is on young peoples' attitudes towards staying in or moving to small communities within a local labour market region in northern Sweden. The study is based on telephone interviews with 400 young men and women in the Umeå region. Half the interviewees lived in the university city of Umeå while the others were residents in five rural municipalities surrounding Umeå. In general, the males and females aged 19-25 had a much more positive attitude towards living in rural communities than did those aged 15-18. Nevertheless, only half of the young people already living in the rural municipalities wanted to stay there. Among the young people living in the city, slightly less than 50% showed an interest in moving to the surrounding rural areas, mainly the countryside within commuting distance from the city. The connection between higher education and out-migration of young people from rural areas is also highlighted.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Pettersson, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
Vägar för samverkan : Storumanföretagares inställning till planeringssamarbete över kommungränsen
- 2003
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rapporten belyser hur företagare i inlandskommunen Storuman ser på samarbetssträvanden över kommungränser längs väg E12, vilken bildar ett dominerande transportstråk i Västerbottens län som sammanbinder kustens största stad Umeå med den västerbottniska fjällvärldens mest utvecklade turistmiljö Tärnaby/Hemavan. E12:an som även benämns den Blå vägen fortsätter både i Norge mot Mo i Rana och i Finland närmast mot Vasa. Detta kommunövergripande samarbetssammanhang som kan bygga på många olikheter ställs mot den traditionella samarbetsriktningen i inlandet, d v s med de närliggande kommunerna som har många likheter i sin struktur och problembilder.
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