| 1. |
- Anttila, Sten, et al.
(author)
-
Program för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn : En systematisk litteraturöversikt
- 2010
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Det är angeläget att finna metoder för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn. Det finns tecken på att psykisk ohälsa hos barn kan ha ökat under de senaste decennierna och strukturerade insatser för att komma till rätta med problemen blir allt vanligare såväl inom kommunal verksamhet som inom hälso- och sjukvård. Interventionen utgörs av så kallade program som är standardiserade och finns beskrivna i manual eller motsvarande. Här sammanfattas det vetenskapliga underlaget för två typer av program: dels de som främst syftar till att förebygga utagerande beteenden hos barn och ungdomar, dels de som i första hand syftar till att förebygga inåtvända problem som ångest, depression och självskadebeteende. Program som har en allmänt hälsobefrämjande effekt, t ex för att förebygga drogmissbruk och våldshandlingar ingår följaktligen inte. Programmen är avsedda att ha effekt, inte bara direkt efter att programmet har avslutats utan även i framtiden. Rapporten har tagits fram på förfrågan av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien och UPP-centrum (Utvecklingscentrum för barns psykiska hälsa) vid Socialstyrelsen. Båda har efterfrågat en systematisk litteraturöversikt för att klarlägga nyttan med att använda program för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn. Slutsatser: - Av 33 bedömda standardiserade och strukturerade insatser (program) som syftar till att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn har sju ett begränsat vetenskapligt stöd i den internationella litteraturen. Det är föräldrastödsprogrammen Incredible Years och Triple P, familjestödsprogrammet Family Check-Up samt skolprogrammen Good Behavior Game, Coping Power, Coping with Stress och FRIENDS. Effekterna är med få undantag små. Studierna är utförda i andra länder. Eftersom effekterna sannolikt varierar med sociala och kulturella sammanhang är det oklart i vilken utsträckning som programmen kan överföras till Sverige med bibehållen effekt. Programmen kan också behöva anpassas så att de överensstämmer med svenska värderingar och syn på barns rätt. - I Sverige används ett hundratal olika program för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn, i huvudsak av utagerande typ. Inget av dem har utvärderats i Sverige i randomiserade studier med minst sex månaders uppföljning. Programmen De otroliga åren (översatt från Incredible Years), Triple P och Family Check-Up har enligt internationella studier begränsat vetenskapligt stöd för förebyggande effekt. Programmen KOMET, COPE, SET, StegVis, Beardslees familjeintervention, Connect och DISA har undersökts i minst en kontrollerad studie vardera men har inte tillräckligt vetenskapligt stöd för förebyggande effekt. Övriga program som används i Sverige är inte vetenskapligt utprövade som preventionsprogram. - Program som bygger på att ungdomar med utagerande problem träffas i grupp kan öka risken för normbrytande beteenden. Andra negativa effekter för såväl program för utagerande som för inåtvända problem är tänkbara men ofullständigt belysta. - Det behövs randomiserade studier som undersöker om de program som används har förebyggande effekt i svenska populationer och inte medför risker. Det behövs också hälsoekonomiska studier som undersöker om programmen är kostnadseffektiva.
|
|
| 2. |
- Arnell, Henrik, et al.
(author)
-
The genetics of primary nocturnal enuresis: inheritance and suggestion of a second major gene on chromosome 12q
- 1997
-
In: Journal of Medical Genetics. - : BMJ. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 34:5, s. 360-5
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE), or bedwetting at night, affects approximately 10% of 6 year old children. Genetic components contribute to the pathogenesis and recently one locus was assigned to chromosome 13q. We evaluated the genetic factors and the pattern of inheritance for PNE in 392 families. Dominant transmission was observed in 43% and an apparent recessive mode of inheritance was observed in 9% of the families. Among the 392 probands the ratio of males to females was 3:1 indicating sex linked or sex influenced factors. Linkage to candidate regions was tested in 16 larger families segregating for autosomal dominant PNE. A gene for PNE was excluded from chromosome 13q in 11 families, whereas linkage to the interval D13S263-D13S291 was suggested (Zmax = 2.1) in three families. Further linkage analyses excluded about 1/3 of the genome at a 10 cM resolution except the region around D12S80 on chromosome 12q that showed a positive two point lod score in six of the families (Zmax = 4.2). This locus remains suggestive because the material was not sufficiently large to give evidence for heterogeneity. Our pedigree analysis indicates that major genes are involved in a large proportion of PNE families and the linkage results suggest that such a gene is located on chromosome 12q.
|
|
| 3. |
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Bergsten, Johannes, 1975-, et al.
(author)
-
Entomologmötet på Gotland 2017: temaexkursion med fokus på vattenlevande skalbaggar, skinnbaggar och trollsländor i Äskåkersvät.
- 2017
-
In: Entomologisk Tidskrift. - 0013-886X. ; 139:1, s. 39-49
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The yearly Swedish entomology meeting 2017 was organized by the local entomologysociety of Gotland, on the northern part of the Baltic island Gotland near Bunge, 4-6 August.One thematic excursion was focused on aquatic insects, especiallly aquatic beetles,bugs and dragonflies. A shallow pond, Äskåkersvät, with Characeae in an open grazedlandscape with high natural values was studied. Äskåkersvät lies just adjacent to the largerarea around lake Bästeträsk which is the focus of a pilot study evaluating its potential asa future national park. The pilot study is undertaken by Gotland County AdministrativeBoard, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, Region Gotland and the SwedishAgency for Marine and Water Management. Here we give an annotated report of the 103species found: 69 species of water beetles (out of which 34 were Dytiscidae), 20 speciesof aquatic or semiaquatic bugs (out of which 10 were Corixidae), and 14 species of dragonflies.These include Hydrophilus piceus and H. aterrimus redlisted in Sweden (both asNT), and Dytiscus latissimus, globally redlisted (VU). We also noted the noble crayfish,Astacus astacus (redlisted as CR in Sweden) and the European medicinal leech Hirudomedicinalis (redlisted as NT globally). The blue emperor dragonfly (Anax imperator) wasnoted, a species first recorded from Gotland in 2002 and we present a graph on its increaseand spreading on the island since. The number of species found in spite of a relativelymodest collecting effort at a suboptimal time when many species may be in pupal stage outof water as witnessed by many teneral individuals, indicates a species rich locality withhigh natural value. The stoneworts (Characeae) vegetation certainly contributes to this, forinstance vouched for by the occurrence of specialists as Haliplus confinis and H. obliquuswhose larvae feed on stoneworts.
|
|
| 6. |
- Bigsten, Arne, 1947, et al.
(author)
-
Biståndet kan enkelt effektiviseras
- 2018
-
In: Svenska Dagbladet.
-
Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Under 2018 beräknas Sverige ge 49 miljarder kronor i bistånd. Oftast betalas det ut i svenska kronor och därmed är värdet av finansieringen knutet till värdet av kronan. Då de flesta mottagare arbetar i andra valutor skapas en oförutsägbarhet kring resurserna i projekten, vilken påverkar effektiviteten och resultaten negativt.
|
|
| 7. |
- Hessel, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Testing Real-time systems using UPPAAL
- 2008
-
In: Formal Methods and Testing. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer. - 9783540789161 ; , s. 77-117
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter presents principles and techniques for model-based black-box conformance testing of real-time systems using the Uppaal model-checking tool-suite. The basis for testing is given as a network of concurrent timed automata specified by the test engineer. Relativized input/output conformance serves as the notion of implementation correctness, essentially timed trace inclusion taking environment assumptions into account. Test cases can be generated offline and later executed, or they can be generated and executed online. For both approaches this chapter discusses how to specify test objectives, derive test sequences, apply these to the system under test, and assign a verdict.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
|
|
| 10. |
- Hessel, Anders, et al.
(author)
-
Time-Optimal Real-Time Test Case Generation using UPPAAL
- 2004
-
In: Formal Approaches to Software Testing, Third International Workshop on Formal Approaches to Testing of Software. ; , s. 114-130
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Testing is the primary software validation technique used by industrytoday, but remains ad hoc, error prone, and very expensive. Apromising improvement is to automatically generate test cases fromformal models of the system under test.We demonstrate how to automatically generate real-time conformancetest cases from timed automata specifications. Specifically wedemonstrate how to efficiently generate real-time test cases withoptimal execution time i.e test cases that are the fastest possible toexecute. Our technique allows time optimal test cases to be generatedusing manually formulated test purposes or generated automaticallyfrom various coverage criteria of the model.
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
|
|
| 14. |
- Lai, En Yin, et al.
(author)
-
Endothelin-1 and pancreatic islet vasculature : studies in vivo and on isolated, vascularly perfused pancreatic islets
- 2007
-
In: American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism. - : American Physiological Society. - 0193-1849 .- 1522-1555. ; 292:6, s. E1616-E1623
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor, which also stimulates insulin release. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether exogenously administered ET-1 affected pancreatic islet blood flow in vivo in rats and the islet arteriolar reactivity in vitro in mice. Furthermore, we aimed to determine the ET-receptor subtype that was involved in such responses. When applying a microsphere technique for measurements of islet blood perfusion in vivo, we found that ET-1 (5 nmol/kg) consistently and markedly decreased total pancreatic and especially islet blood flow, despite having only minor effects on blood pressure. Neither endothelin A (ET(A)) receptor (BQ-123) nor endothelin-B (ET(B)) receptor (BQ-788) antagonists, alone or in combination, could prevent this reduction in blood flow. To avoid confounding interactions in vivo, we also examined the arteriolar vascular reactivity in isolated, perfused mouse islets. In the latter preparation, we demonstrated a dose-dependent constriction in response to ET-1. Administration of BQ-123 prevented this, whereas BQ-788 induced a right shift in the response. In conclusion, the pancreatic islet vasculature is highly sensitive to exogenous ET-1, which mediates its effect mainly through ET(A) receptors.
|
|
| 15. |
- Maes, Dirk, et al.
(author)
-
Integrating national Red Lists for prioritising conservation actions for European butterflies
- 2019
-
In: Journal of Insect Conservation. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1366-638X .- 1572-9753. ; 23:2, s. 301-330
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Red Lists are very valuable tools in nature conservation at global, continental and (sub-) national scales. In an attempt to prioritise conservation actions for European butterflies, we compiled a database with species lists and Red Lists of all European countries, including the Macaronesian archipelagos (Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands). In total, we compiled national species lists for 42 countries and national Red Lists for 34 of these. The most species-rich countries in Europe are Italy, Russia and France with more than 250 species each. Endemic species are mainly found on the Macaronesian archipelagos and on the Mediterranean islands. By attributing numerical values proportionate to the threat statuses in the different national Red List categories, we calculated a mean Red List value for every country (cRLV) and a weighted Red List value for every species (wsRLV) using the square root of the country’s area as a weighting factor. Countries with the highest cRLV were industrialised (NW) European countries such as the Netherlands, Belgium, the Czech Republic and Denmark, whereas large Mediterranean countries such as Spain and Italy had the lowest cRLV. Species for which a Red List assessment was available in at least two European countries and with a relatively high wsRLV (≥ 50) are Colias myrmidone, Pseudochazara orestes, Tomares nogelii, Colias chrysotheme and Coenonympha oedippus. We compared these wsRLVs with the species statuses on the European Red List to identify possible mismatches. We discuss how this complementary method can help to prioritise butterfly conservation on the continental and/or the (sub-)national scale.
|
|
| 16. |
- Mellroth, Elisabet, 1971-
(author)
-
High achiever! Always a high achiever? : A comparison of student achievements on mathematical tests with different aims and goals
- 2014
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This study explored changes in relative achievement over time. It also investigated differences in how two groups of students activate mathematical competencies. The aim of the study was to investigate students’ relative achievement in mathematics over time, and how mathematical competencies can be used to explore differences between groups of students on a non-curriculum based test in mathematics. The study was divided in two parts. Study 1 compared students’ (n=568) relative achievement in two national tests in mathematics (years 3 and 6). Study 1 explored changes in relative achievement between the two national tests as well as differences in relative achievement between the national test in year 6 and the mathematical kangaroo in year 7 (age 13). The study identified, from a sample (n=264) of study 1, two groups of students with high achievements in only one of the tests, the national test in year 6 or the mathematical kangaroo. Study 2 explored how differences between those students relative achievement on the mathematical kangaroo could be explained through activation of mathematical competencies. The results in study 1 show that students undergo large changes, both increases and decreases, in relative achievement between the national tests in years 3 and 6. Study 2 shows how the two identified groups activate the mathematical competencies differently on the mathematical kangaroo. 9% of the students achieve highly in the mathematical kangaroo although they do not in the national test. The study implicates the importance of using non-curriculum bounded tests to identify strength in mathematical competencies among students that not are able to show them through the national test.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Pettersson, Anna, et al.
(author)
-
Experiences of a One-hour Algorithm in Chest Pain Patients With a Nonelevated Troponin T at Presentation.
- 2018
-
In: Critical Pathways in Cardiology. - 1535-282X .- 1535-2811. ; 17:1, s. 6-12
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: We aimed to evaluate the use of a 1-hour measurement of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) in an emergency department (ED) population of chest pain patients with a nonelevated baseline hs-cTnT and to examine the prevalence of early dynamic changes in hs-cTnT and the association with admission rate, diagnosis, and outcome.Methods: All patients with a chief complaint of chest pain presenting to the ED of Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden, from December 2014 to September 2015 who had a baseline hs-cTnT of ≤14 ng/L and a second value obtained within >30 to ≤90 minutes were followed for 30 days regarding admission, readmission, myocardial infarction (MI), and death.Results: A total of 1091 patients were included. Dynamic 1-hour changes in hs-cTnT defined as an increase or decrease of ≥3 ng/L occurred in 23 patients (2.1%). Fifteen patients (65.2%) in the dynamic group were admitted, compared with 148 patients (13.9%) in the nondynamic group (P < 0.001). Four of the admitted patients (26.7%) in the dynamic and 1 (0.7%) in the nondynamic group were diagnosed with an MI (P < 0.001). No death or MI occurred within 30 days among those discharged from the ED.Conclusions: Dynamic 1-hour changes in hs-cTnT were uncommon but associated with a higher rate of admission and of MI in an unselected population of chest pain patients with a nonelevated hs-cTnT at presentation. Lack of dynamic changes makes MI highly unlikely, and a 1-hour measurement may facilitate an early rule out of MI but should be used together with clinical assessment.
|
|
| 19. |
|
|
| 20. |
- Pettersson, Robert, et al.
(author)
-
Free-time optimization of targeted movements based on temporal finite element approximation
- 2010
-
In: Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology. - : Civil-Comp Ltd. - 9781905088386
-
Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Previous work by the authors has shown that temporal finite element approximations can be used for the representation of targeted optimal control problems, and that a weak equilibrium formulation leads to robust and efficient simulations. A free-time formulation is now introduced to increase the degree of freedom in finding optimal movement. The timescale parameter in relation to the objective function is discussed and verified by numerical examples. For movements with partial contact multiple phases with different mechanical properties are included. The free-time formulation allows these phases to be determined by the optimization. A three-phase two-foot high jump is simulated where the movement optimization finds a prior motion preparing for the subsequent phases with different mechanical properties.
|
|
| 21. |
- Pettersson, Robert, et al.
(author)
-
Optimisation of multiple phase human movements
- 2013
-
In: Multibody system dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1384-5640 .- 1573-272X. ; 30:4, s. 461-484
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- When simulating human movements it is frequently desirable to optimise multiple phase movements where the phases represent, e.g., different contact conditions. The different constraints are usually acting in parts of the movements and their time durations are in most cases unknown. Therefore a multiple phase free-time optimisation method is formulated in this work, with phase times included as variables. Through a temporal finite element approach, a discrete representation is derived and a nonlinear optimisation algorithm solves for the rather high number of variables (similar to 6000) and constraints (similar to 15000) in the presented numerical problem. A four degrees of freedom test problem, representing a standing high jump, is solved in order to test some basic aspects. A more realistic problem shows its performance in its intended applications, biomechanical simulations. This is a sagittal eight degrees of freedom model for a human backward somersault, including preparing movement, flight phase and landing. The numerical performance as well as some application specific results are discussed. The method description is general and applicable to other movements in its presented format.
|
|
| 22. |
- Pettersson, Robert, 1981-, et al.
(author)
-
Optimization of multiple phase human movements
-
In: Multibody system dynamics. - 1384-5640 .- 1573-272X.
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- When simulating human movements it is frequently desirable to optimize multiple phase movements where the phases represent, e.g., different contact conditions. The different constraints are usually acting in parts of the movements and their time durations are in most cases unknown. Therefore a multiple phase free-time optimization method is formulated in this work, with phase times included as variables. Through a temporal finite element approach, a discrete representation is derived and a nonlinear optimization algorithm solves for the rather high number of variables (∼ 6000) and constraints (∼ 15000) in the presented numerical problem. The method is applied to a test problem and a more realistic problem in order to test some basic aspects as well as to see its performance in its intended applications, biomechanical simulations. First a four degrees of freedom test problem, representing a standing high jump, is solved. Then a sagittal eight degrees of freedom model is used with application to a human backward somersault, including preparing movement, flight phase and landing. The numerical performance as well as some application specific results are discussed. The method description is general and applicable to other movements in its presented format.
|
|
| 23. |
- Pettersson, Robert, 1981-
(author)
-
Simulation of Human Movements through Optimization
- 2012
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Optimization has been used to simulate human neural control and resulting movement patterns. The short term aim was to develop the methodology required for solving the movement optimization problem often arising when modelling human movements. A long term aim is the contribution to increased knowledge about various human movements, wherein postures is one specific case. Simulation tools can give valuable information to improve orthopeadic treatments and technique for training and performance in sports. In one study a static 3D model with 30 muscle groups was used to analyse postures. The activation levels of these muscles are minimized in order to represent the individual’s choice of posture. Subject specific data in terms of anthropometry, strength and orthopedic aids serve as input. The specific aim of this part was to study effects from orthopedic treatment and altered abilities of the subject. Initial validation shows qualitative agreement of posture strategies but further details about passive stiffness and anthropometry are needed, especially to predict pelvis orientation. Four studies dealt with movement optimization. The main methodological advance was to introduce contact constraints to the movement optimization. A freetime multiple phase formulation was derived to be able to analyse movements where different constraints and degrees of freedom are present in subsequent phases of the movements. The athletic long jump, a two foot high jump, a backward somersault and rowing were used as applications with their different need of formulation. Maximum performance as well as least effort cost functions have been explored. Even though it has been a secondary aim in this work the results show reasonable agreement to expected movements in reality. Case specific subject properties and inclusion of muscle dynamics are required to draw conclusions about improvements in the sport activity, respectively.
|
|
| 24. |
- Pettersson, Robert, 1981-, et al.
(author)
-
Simulation of rowing in an optimization context
- 2014
-
In: Multibody system dynamics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1384-5640 .- 1573-272X. ; 32:3, s. 337-356
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Competitive rowing requires efforts close to the physiological limits, where oxygen consumption is one main aspect. The rowing event also incorporates interactions between the rower, the boat and oars, and water. When the intention is to improve the performance, all these properties make the sport interesting from a scientific point of view, as the many variables influencing the performance form a complex optimization problem. Our aim was to formulate the rowing event as an optimization problem where the movement and forces are completely determined by the optimization, giving at least qualitative indications on good performance. A mechanical model of rigid links was used to represent rower, boat and oars. A multiple phase cyclic movement was simulated where catch slip, driving phase, release slip and recovery were modeled. For this simplified model, we demonstrate the influence of the stated mathematical cost function as well as a parameter study where the optimal performance is related to the planned average boat velocity. The results show qualitatively good resemblance to expected movements for the rowing event. An energy loss model in combination with case specific properties of rower capacities, boat properties, and rigging was required to draw qualitative practical conclusions about the rowing technique.
|
|
| 25. |
|
|
| 26. |
|
|
