| 1. |
- Bill-Axelson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer : the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of the National Cancer Institute. - : Oxford University Press. - 0027-8874 .- 1460-2105. ; 100:16, s. 1144-1154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The benefit of radical prostatectomy in patients with early prostate cancer has been assessed in only one randomized trial. In 2005, we reported that radical prostatectomy improved prostate cancer survival compared with watchful waiting after a median of 8.2 years of follow-up. We now report results after 3 more years of follow-up.METHODS: From October 1, 1989, through February 28, 1999, 695 men with clinically localized prostate cancer were randomly assigned to radical prostatectomy (n = 347) or watchful waiting (n = 348). Follow-up was complete through December 31, 2006, with histopathologic review and blinded evaluation of causes of death. Relative risks (RRs) were estimated using the Cox proportional hazards model. Statistical tests were two-sided.RESULTS: During a median of 10.8 years of follow-up (range = 3 weeks to 17.2 years), 137 men in the surgery group and 156 in the watchful waiting group died (P = .09). For 47 of the 347 men (13.5%) who were randomly assigned to surgery and 68 of the 348 men (19.5%) who were not, death was due to prostate cancer. The difference in cumulative incidence of death due to prostate cancer remained stable after about 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 12.5% of the surgery group and 17.9% of the watchful waiting group had died of prostate cancer (difference = 5.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.2 to 11.1%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.45 to 0.94; P = .03). The difference in cumulative incidence of distant metastases did not increase beyond 10 years of follow-up. At 12 years, 19.3% of men in the surgery group and 26% of men in the watchful waiting group had been diagnosed with distant metastases (difference = 6.7%, 95% CI = 0.2 to 13.2%), for a relative risk of 0.65 (95% CI = 0.47 to 0.88; P = .006). Among men who underwent radical prostatectomy, those with extracapsular tumor growth had 14 times the risk of prostate cancer death as those without it (RR = 14.2, 95% CI = 3.3 to 61.8; P < .001).CONCLUSION: Radical prostatectomy reduces prostate cancer mortality and risk of metastases with little or no further increase in benefit 10 or more years after surgery.
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| 2. |
- Sävenhed, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Heja Halland : utvärdering av en trafiksäkerhetskampanj
- 1996
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I Halland genomfördes under åren 1990-94 en trafiksäkerhetskampanj under namnet Heja Halland. Målsättningen var att under fem år reducera olyckorna med 30 %. Grundidén har varit att utan pekpinnar och förmynderi få alla hallänningar engagerade i trafiksäkerhetsarbetet, genom att visa hänsyn och samspela med andra trafikanter. Kommunikationen med hallänningarna har huvudsakligen förts via gratistidningen Heja Halland och genom ett nära samarbete med lokalradion.VTT fick i december 1993 i uppdrag att dokumentera och utvärdera kampanjen.Utvärderingen redovisas i tre i princip fristående kapitel. I det första redogörs för tre undersökningar av beteendevetenskaplig karaktär. I det andra redovisas en beskrivning av utvecklingen för antalet skadade och dödade, medan det tredje omfattar en analys av utvecklingen baserad på personskadeolyckor. I de båda senare fallen har SCB:s officiella statistik baserad på polisrapporterade olyckor varit källa.Sammanfattningsvis kan man säga att man i Hallands län ej uppnått de mål vad avser reduktion av olyckor som sattes vid kampanjstarten. Däremot har det skett en påtaglig reduktion av döds- och svåra personskadeolyckor. Inga säkra slutsatser kan dock dras om orsakerna till detta. Inte heller hur resultaten kan generaliseras. Detta bland annat på grund av att man startade utifrån ett dåligt läge vad gällde just de allvarligaste olyckorna.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Pettersson, Gunilla, et al.
(författare)
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Strong and bulky paperboard sheets from surface modified CTMP, manufactured at low energy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Nordic Pulp & Paper Research Journal. - 0283-2631 .- 2000-0669. ; 30:2, s. 318-324
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A description is given regarding methods used to manufacture strong and bulky sheets from furnishes based on a broad range of surface modified CTMP qualities. Starch and CMC are adsorbed on the fibre surfaces using a multilayer or a MIX concept. It is shown that both the in-plane and out-of-plane strength for the CTMP based sheets after such surface treatment can be more than doubled at a maintained density. This can be utilized to improve bending stiffness or to reduce the basis weight in multi-ply paperboards.
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| 5. |
- Shang, X. -J, et al.
(författare)
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Quantum-dot-induced optical transition enhancement in InAs quantum-dot-embedded p-i-n GaAs solar cells
- 2011
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Ingår i: Applied Physics Letters. - New York, N.Y. : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 99:11, s. 113514-113514-3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photocurrents (PCs) of three p–i–n GaAs solar cells, sample A with InAs quantum dots (QDs) embedded in the depletion region, B with QDs in the n region, and C without QDs, were studied experimentally and theoretically. Above GaAs bandgap, the PC of A is increased, while B is decreased with respect to C, since in A, the QD-induced reflection of hole wave function increases its overlap with electron wave function so that the optical transition rate is enhanced, while carrier mobility in B is reduced due to QD-induced potential variations. Moreover, A and B have increased PCs in the sub-GaAs-bandgap range due to QD optical absorptions.
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| 6. |
- Singh, B., et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility study for the measurement of pi N transition distribution amplitudes at (P)over-barANDA in (P)over-barp -> J/psi pi(0)
- 2017
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : AMER PHYSICAL SOC. - 2470-0010 .- 2470-0029. ; 95:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The exclusive charmonium production process in (P) over barp annihilation with an associated pi 0 meson (p) over barp -> J/psi pi(0) is studied in the framework of QCD collinear factorization. The feasibility of measuring this reaction through the J/psi -> e(+) e(-) decay channel with the AntiProton ANnihilation at DArmstadt ((P) over bar ANDA) experiment is investigated. Simulations on signal reconstruction efficiency as well as the background rejection from various sources including the (P) over barp -> pi(+)pi(-)pi(0) and (p) over barp -> J/psi pi(0)pi(0) reactions are performed with PANDAROOT, the simulation and analysis software framework of the (P) over bar ANDA experiment. It is shown that the measurement can be done at (P) over bar ANDA with significant constraining power under the assumption of an integrated luminosity attainable in four to five months of data taking at the maximum design luminosity.
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| 7. |
- Singh, B., et al.
(författare)
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Study of doubly strange systems using stored antiprotons
- 2016
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Ingår i: Nuclear Physics A. - : Elsevier. - 0375-9474 .- 1873-1554. ; 954, s. 323-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bound nuclear systems with two units of strangeness are still poorly known despite their importance for many strong interaction phenomena. Stored antiprotons beams in the GeV range represent an unparalleled factory for various hyperon-antihyperon pairs. Their outstanding large production probability in antiproton collisions will open the floodgates for a series of new studies of systems which contain two or even more units of strangeness at the PANDA experiment at FAIR. For the first time, high resolution gamma-spectroscopy of doubly strange Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei will be performed, thus complementing measurements of ground state decays of Lambda Lambda-hypernuclei at J-PARC or possible decays of particle unstable hypernuclei in heavy ion reactions. High resolution spectroscopy of multistrange Xi(-) -atoms will be feasible and even the production of Omega(-) -atoms will be within reach. The latter might open the door to the vertical bar S vertical bar = 3 world in strangeness nuclear physics, by the study of the hadronic Omega(-) -nucleus interaction. For the first time it will be possible to study the behavior of Xi(+) in nuclear systems under well controlled conditions.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Adolfsson, Jan, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical characteristics and primary treatment of prostate cancer in Sweden between 1996 and 2005
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0036-5599 .- 1651-2065. ; 41:6, s. 456-477
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: The incidence of prostate cancer is rising rapidly in Sweden and there is a need to better understand the pattern of diagnosis, tumor characteristics and treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between 1996 and 2005, all new cases of adenocarcinoma of the prostate gland were intended to be registered in the National Prostate Cancer Register (NPCR). This register contains information on diagnosing unit, date of diagnosis, cause of diagnosis, tumor grade, tumor stage according to the TNM classification in force, serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels at diagnosis and primary treatment given within the first 6 months after diagnosis. RESULTS: In total, 72,028 patients were registered, comprising >97% of all pertinent incident cases of prostate cancer in the Swedish Cancer Register (SCR). During the study period there was a considerable decrease in median age at the time of diagnosis, a stage migration towards smaller tumors, a decrease in median serum PSA values at diagnosis, a decrease in the age-standardized incidence rate of men diagnosed with distant metastases or with a PSA level of > 100 ng/ml at diagnosis and an increase in the proportion of tumors with Gleason score <6. Relatively large geographical differences in the median age at diagnosis and the age-standardized incidence of cases with category T1c tumors were observed. Treatment with curative intent increased dramatically and treatment patterns varied according to geographical region. In men with localized tumors and a PSA level of <20 ng/ml at diagnosis, expectant treatment was more commonly used in those aged > or =75 years than in those aged <75 years. Also, the pattern of endocrine treatment varied in different parts of Sweden. CONCLUSIONS: All changes in the register seen over time are consistent with increased diagnostic activity, especially PSA testing, resulting in an increased number of cases with early disease, predominantly tumors in category T1c. The patterns of diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer vary considerably in different parts of Sweden. The NPCR continues to be an important source for research, epidemiological surveillance of the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer.
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| 11. |
- Ahlén, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Bats and offshore wind turbines studied in southern Scandinavia
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A pilot study 2002-2003 at turbines on land showed that certain locations in the landscape could explain some of the casualty risks and the main reasons for collisions were found. During the 2005 introductory studies and in the project 2006 on bats in offshore areas in Kalmarsund we could confirm earlier known flyways from coastal points and found an extensive activity of passing migrants but also of resident species coming from various directions to areas with an abundance of insects. Observations were made at Utgrunden and Yttre Stengrund in Kalmarsund in the Baltic Sea and in Öresund between Sweden and Denmark. The observers onboard the boats and at the coastal points where bats take off used ultrasound detectors, strong portable spotlights and at special times also thermal camera. Boxes for automatic recording of bats were used on land, were placed on the turbines, and on the boat's cap. These methods resulted in a total of 12 354 observations of bats, 3 830 over the sea and 8 524 on land. Bats fly over the sea in winds up to about 10 m/s, a major part of the activity took place at wind speeds less than 5 m/s. Bats of 10 species were observed on the open sea and all of them were foraging at suitable weather conditions, which means calm weather or light breeze. The bats did not avoid the turbines. On the contrary they stayed for shorter or longer periods hunting close to the windmills because of the accumulation of flying insects. Hunting close to the blades was observed, why the risk of colliding might be comparable to land-based turbines. Bats also used wind turbines for resting. Insects were collected at places and times when bats were observed feeding. Chironomids were dominating, but we also found many other flying species of other insect groups. Insects, but probably also crustaceans, were caught by bats in the water surface. Some terrestrial species occurred among the insects and spiders that were drifting in the air. At times we suppose that their origin was in the Baltic Republics or Russia. It was earlier completely unknown that many bat species, migratory and non-migratory, regularly use this food resource on the open sea far from the coasts in the late summer and early autumn. With radar on Utgrunden's lighthouse data on movements of the largest bat species, mainly Nyctalus noctula, could be studied. This gave data on flyways, directions, movement patterns when foraging, especially near the turbines. With the radar it was possible to measure altitude and the results showed that almost all activity took place below 40 m above sea level, while only a few cases of higher flight was recorded. Observations from boat showed that altitude was very variable according to the available insects. Bats were seen hunting from the water surface up to the upper part of the windmills. Need of further research and developing methods is discussed in the report. An updated risk assessment is presented. A standpoint today is that areas with concentrated flyways and foraging habitats with an abundance of flying insects must be very carefully examined if new windmills are planned. The collision risk at offshore wind power parks is impossible to study as long as there are no such parks. Investigations on bats needed for environmental impact assessments are suggested. To minimize the casualty risks at existing turbines further research is needed. Some measures to take have been discussed. In certain cases it is probably most effective to move a turbine a relative short distance because of the sometimes short edges of the flyways and also the insect rich habitats. Another method is to stop the turbine during periods of high risk. Because the accumulation of insects is the reason for bats hunting close to the blades methods to reduce the amount of flying insects at the turbines would be of interest. Methods to keep the bats away from the turbines do not exist and some such ideas might also have negative effects on other animals and also on humans.
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| 12. |
- Ahlén, Ingemar, et al.
(författare)
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Fladdermöss och havsbaserade vindkraftverk studerade i södra Skandinavien
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- En pilotundersökning 2002-2003 vid vindkraftverk på land i Sydsverige visade på lägen i landskapet där riskerna för kollisioner var förhöjda samt de viktigaste orsakerna till olyckorna. Under 2005 års förstudie och i projektet 2006 vid havsbaserade vindkraftverk kunde vi bekräfta tidigare utpekade utsträck över havet av fladdermöss i Kalmarsund och fann en omfattande aktivitet av passerande migranter men även av stationära arter som från olika håll flög ut till områden med mycket insekter. Observationer gjordes framför allt vid Utgrunden och Yttre Stengrund i Kalmarsund och i Öresund. Observatörerna på båtarna och på utsträcksplatser på land använde ultraljudsdetektorer, starka strålkastare och vid vissa tillfällen värmekamera. Automatiskt registrerande boxar användes på land, hängdes på vindkraftverken och placerades på båtens kapp. Metoderna resulterade i totalt 12 354 observationer av fladdermöss, varav 3 830 över havet och 8 524 på land. Fladdermöss flög över havet i vindstyrkor upp till ca 10 m/s, men en stor del av aktiviteten skedde vid vindstyrkor mindre än 5 m/s. Fladdermöss av 10 arter observerades ute till havs och alla sågs söka föda vid tjänlig väderlek, d.v.s. främst vid svaga vindar och blankvatten. Fladdermössen undvek inte vindkraftverken. Tvärtom stannade de ofta till för insektsjakt nära verken på grund den ansamling av insekter som förekom där. Jakt helt intill rotorbladen observerades, vilket innebär att kollisionsrisken kan vara jämförbar med landbaserade verk. Fladdermöss kan bevisligen också använda vindkraftverk som viloplats, vilket har skett i det mest insektsrika området vi undersökte.Insamling av insekter gjordes på de platser och vid de tillfällen då fladdermöss sågs jaga. Fjädermyggor dominerade, men många andra flygande arter av andra insektsgrupper var också företrädda. Insekter, och troligen även några kräftdjur, togs också i havsytan. Några arter av landlevande arter förekom bland de mängder av insekter och spindlar som drev omkring i luftmassorna. Vid vissa tillfällen antar vi att de har kommit från Balticum eller Ryssland. Det har inte tidigare varit känt att många fladdermusarter, stationära och migrerande, regelbundet utnyttjar denna födoresurs långt ute i havet under eftersommaren och tidiga hösten.Med radarn på Utgrundens fyr kunde data om de största arterna, troligen mest stor fladdermus, insamlas. Det gällde flygvägar, riktningar, rörelsemönster vid födosök, speciellt i närheten av vindkraftverken. Med radarn kunde fastställas att nästan all aktivitet skedde under 40 m höjd, endast enstaka fladdermöss flög högre vid sträckflykt. Direktobservationerna från båt visade att fladdermössen varierade höjd efter tillgången på insekter. Sålunda förekom flyghöjder från havsytan upp till verkens övre delar.Behov av fortsatt forskning och utvecklingsarbete diskuteras i rapporten. Vidare görs en uppdaterad riskbedömning. Ståndpunkten är nu att områden med koncentrerade flygvägar och insektsrika födosöksområden är de som måste granskas extra noga inför lokalisering av nya vindkraftverk. Risken för kollisioner vid ren passage genom stora vindkraftsparker kan inte bedömas, eftersom det ännu inte hunnit uppföras några parker. Förslag ges om vilka undersökningar som bör föregå lokaliseringsbesluten. Några krav på vad kontrollprogram vid utbyggnad bör innefatta diskuteras också. För att minska riskerna vid befintliga vindkraftverk krävs fortsatt forskning och metodutveckling. Några åtgärder som diskuterats hittills redovisas i rapporten. I svåra fall är sannolikt den effektivaste åtgärden att flytta vindkraftverket. Det kan troligen räcka med relativt korta avstånd på grund av att flygvägarna kan ha skarpa gränser och att de insektsrika födosöksbiotoperna också kan vara ganska väl avgränsade. En annan åtgärd kan vara att låta vindkraftverket stå stilla vid de tider då risken för kollisioner är stor. Eftersom ansamling av insekter kring vindkraftverken kan vara en viktig orsak till jakt nära rotorbladen kan man också tänka sig åtgärder för att minska mängden flygande insekter runt verken. Fungerande metoder som kan få fladdermöss att väja för vindkraftverk finns inte och idéer som förekommit kan ha negativa effekter i form av störningar eller skador på andra djurarter och för människor.
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| 13. |
- Albrecht, Malte, et al.
(författare)
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The Forward Endcap of the Electromagnetic Calorimeter for the PANDA Detector at FAIR
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - : IOP Publishing. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 587:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The versatile 4π-detector PANDA will be built at the Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR), an accelerator complex, currently under construction near Darmstadt, Germany. A cooled antiproton beam in a momentum range of 1.5 – 15GeV/c will be provided by the High Energy Storage Ring (HESR). All measurements at PANDA rely on an excellent performance of the detector with respect to tracking, particle identification and energy measurement. The electromagnetic calorimeter (EMC) of the PANDA detector will be equipped with 15744 PbWO(4) crystals (PWO-II), which will be operated at a temperature of – 25° C in order to increase the light output. The design of the forward endcap of the EMC has been finalized. The crystals will be read out with Large Area Avalanche Photo Diodes (LAAPDs) in the outer regions and with Vacuum Photo Tetrodes (VPTTs) in the innermost part. Production of photosensor units utilizing charge integrating preamplifiers has begun. A prototype comprised of 216 PbWO4 crystals has been built and tested at various accelerators (CERN SPS, ELSA/Bonn, MAMI/Mainz), where the crystals have been exposed to electron and photon beams of 25MeV up to 15GeV. The results of these test measurements regarding the energy and position resolution are presented.
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| 14. |
- Alstermark, Bror, et al.
(författare)
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Anders Lundberg (1920-2009)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Experimental Brain Research. - : Springer. - 0014-4819 .- 1432-1106. ; 200:3-4, s. 193-195
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Anders Lundberg was one of the founding editorial board members for EBR when it began its life in 1976 under the editorship of John Eccles. He was also one of the most prolific contributors to the journal with a total of 49 papers, including a series of 16 on the topic of "integration in descending motor pathways controlling the forelimb in the cat". He continued as an editor of the journal until volume 16 when he persuaded his younger colleague Hans Hultborn to take his place. Hans is one of the authors of the obituary. –John Rothwell
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| 15. |
- Alves, Dimas I, et al.
(författare)
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A Statistical Analysis for Wavelength-Resolution SAR Image Stacks
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1545-598X .- 1558-0571. ; 17:2, s. 227-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This letter presents a clutter statistical analysis for stacks of wavelength-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images. Each image stack consists of SAR images generated by the same sensor, using the same flight track illuminating the same scene but with a time separation between the illuminations. We test three candidate statistical distributions for time changes in the stack, namely, Rician, Rayleigh, and log-normal. The tests results reveal that the Rician distribution is a very good candidate for modeling stack of wavelength-resolution SAR images, where 98.59 & x0025; of the tested samples passed the Anderson-Darling (AD) goodness-of-fit test. Also, it is observed that the presence of changes in the ground scene is related to the tested samples that have failed in the AD test for the Rician distribution hypothesis.
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| 16. |
- Alves, Dimas irion, et al.
(författare)
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Change Detection Method for Wavelength-Resolution SAR Images Based on Bayes’ Theorem : An Iterative Approach
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Access. - Piscataway, NJ : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 2169-3536. ; 11, s. 84734-84743
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents an iterative change detection (CD) method based on Bayes’ theorem for very high-frequency (VHF) ultra-wideband (UWB) SAR images considering commonly used clutter-plus-noise statistical models. The proposed detection technique uses the information of the detected changes to iteratively update the data and distribution information, obtaining more accurate clutter-plus-noise statistics resulting in false alarm reduction. The Bivariate Rayleigh and Bivariate Gaussian distributions are investigated as candidates to model the clutter-plus-noise, and the Anderson-Darling goodness-of-fit test is used to investigate three scenarios of interest. Different aspects related to the distributions are discussed, the observed mismatches are analyzed, and the impact of the distribution chosen for the proposed iterative change detection method is analyzed. Finally, the proposed iterative method performance is assessed in terms of the probability of detection and false alarm rate and compared with other competitive solutions. The experimental evaluation uses data from real measurements obtained using the CARABAS II SAR system. Results show that the proposed iterative CD algorithm performs better than the other methods. Author
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| 17. |
- Alves, Dimas I., et al.
(författare)
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Neyman-Pearson Criterion-Based Change Detection Methods for Wavelength-Resolution SAR Image Stacks
- 2022
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Ingår i: IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 1545-598X .- 1558-0571. ; 19
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This letter presents two new change detection (CD) methods for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image stacks based on the Neyman-Pearson criterion. The first proposed method uses the data from wavelength-resolution images stack to obtain background statistics, which are used in a hypothesis test to detect changes in a surveillance image. The second method considers a priori information about the targets to obtain the target statistics, which are used together with the previously obtained background statistics, to perform a hypothesis test to detect changes in a surveillance image. A straightforward processing scheme is presented to test the proposed CD methods. To assess the performance of both proposed methods, we considered the coherent all radio band sensing (CARABAS)-II SAR images. In particular, to obtain the temporal background statistics required by the derived methods, we used stacks with six images. The experimental results show that the proposed techniques provide a competitive performance in terms of probability of detection and false alarm rate compared with other CD methods. CCBY
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| 18. |
- Alves, Dimas Irion, et al.
(författare)
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Wavelength-Resolution SAR Change Detection Using Bayes' Theorem
- 2020
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Ingår i: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1939-1404 .- 2151-1535. ; 13, s. 5560-5568
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents Bayes' theorem for wavelength-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) change detection method development. Different change detection methods can be derived using Bayes' theorem in combination with the target model, clutter-plus-noise model, iterative implementation, and noniterative implementation. As an example of the Bayes' theorem use for wavelength-resolution SAR change detection method development, we propose a simple change detection method with a clutter-plus-noise model and noniterative implementation. In spite of simplicity, the proposed method provides a very competitive performance in terms of probability of detection and false alarm rate. The best result was a probability of detection of $\text{98.7}\%$ versus a false alarm rate of one per square kilometer.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Andersson, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Wild boars and farming in Sweden : an assessment of the costs
- 2016
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Wild boar is among the most wide spread mammal in the world and is known to cause serious damages for farmers in terms of crop losses and impacts on farm infrastructure. This study estimate farmers’ cost of wild boar in Sweden, and how it is determined by land scape diversity, proxies for wild boar population, land ownership, feeding and protective measures by the farmer. Data are obtained from a survey of 3200 farmers, and the results indicate an average annual cost of SEK 28843/farm or SEK 305/ha, of which 62% arises from crop losses and 28% from adjustment and protection costs. However, 60% of the farmers reported no damage cost, and we therefore examined the determinants of the probability of damage cost and, when it occurs, the size. It was found that proxies of wild boar abundance and land scape diversity have significant and positive impact on the likelihood and magnitude of costs. Diversity in the landscape gives access to hiding opportunities for the pigs when searching for food in the agricultural fields. Share of area with forage, rented land, arable land, and protective measures all showed significant and positive effects on the size of the damage cost.
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Anttila, Sten, et al.
(författare)
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Program för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn : En systematisk litteraturöversikt
- 2010
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det är angeläget att finna metoder för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn. Det finns tecken på att psykisk ohälsa hos barn kan ha ökat under de senaste decennierna och strukturerade insatser för att komma till rätta med problemen blir allt vanligare såväl inom kommunal verksamhet som inom hälso- och sjukvård. Interventionen utgörs av så kallade program som är standardiserade och finns beskrivna i manual eller motsvarande. Här sammanfattas det vetenskapliga underlaget för två typer av program: dels de som främst syftar till att förebygga utagerande beteenden hos barn och ungdomar, dels de som i första hand syftar till att förebygga inåtvända problem som ångest, depression och självskadebeteende. Program som har en allmänt hälsobefrämjande effekt, t ex för att förebygga drogmissbruk och våldshandlingar ingår följaktligen inte. Programmen är avsedda att ha effekt, inte bara direkt efter att programmet har avslutats utan även i framtiden. Rapporten har tagits fram på förfrågan av Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien och UPP-centrum (Utvecklingscentrum för barns psykiska hälsa) vid Socialstyrelsen. Båda har efterfrågat en systematisk litteraturöversikt för att klarlägga nyttan med att använda program för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn. Slutsatser: - Av 33 bedömda standardiserade och strukturerade insatser (program) som syftar till att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn har sju ett begränsat vetenskapligt stöd i den internationella litteraturen. Det är föräldrastödsprogrammen Incredible Years och Triple P, familjestödsprogrammet Family Check-Up samt skolprogrammen Good Behavior Game, Coping Power, Coping with Stress och FRIENDS. Effekterna är med få undantag små. Studierna är utförda i andra länder. Eftersom effekterna sannolikt varierar med sociala och kulturella sammanhang är det oklart i vilken utsträckning som programmen kan överföras till Sverige med bibehållen effekt. Programmen kan också behöva anpassas så att de överensstämmer med svenska värderingar och syn på barns rätt. - I Sverige används ett hundratal olika program för att förebygga psykisk ohälsa hos barn, i huvudsak av utagerande typ. Inget av dem har utvärderats i Sverige i randomiserade studier med minst sex månaders uppföljning. Programmen De otroliga åren (översatt från Incredible Years), Triple P och Family Check-Up har enligt internationella studier begränsat vetenskapligt stöd för förebyggande effekt. Programmen KOMET, COPE, SET, StegVis, Beardslees familjeintervention, Connect och DISA har undersökts i minst en kontrollerad studie vardera men har inte tillräckligt vetenskapligt stöd för förebyggande effekt. Övriga program som används i Sverige är inte vetenskapligt utprövade som preventionsprogram. - Program som bygger på att ungdomar med utagerande problem träffas i grupp kan öka risken för normbrytande beteenden. Andra negativa effekter för såväl program för utagerande som för inåtvända problem är tänkbara men ofullständigt belysta. - Det behövs randomiserade studier som undersöker om de program som används har förebyggande effekt i svenska populationer och inte medför risker. Det behövs också hälsoekonomiska studier som undersöker om programmen är kostnadseffektiva.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Atomassa, Ermias, et al.
(författare)
-
Feasibility studies for nucleon structure measurements with PANDA
- 2014
-
Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2100-014X. ; 81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study of nucleon structure is one of the main physics goals of PANDA to be built at the FAIR accelerator complex. The excellent particle identification performance of the PANDA detector will enable measurements of exclusive channels p̄ p -> e^+e^- and p̄ p -> pi^0 J/psi -> pi^0e^+e^- to extract the electromagnetic form factors of protons and pi-nucleon Transition Distribution Amplitudes (pi-N TDAs). After a brief description of the PANDA apparatus and a method to handle momentum resolution degradation due to Bremsstrahlung, the physics of pi-N TDAs is discussed. An estimate for the expected signal to background ratio for p̄ p -> pi^0 J/psi -> pi^0e^+e^- that takes into account the main background source is given.
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| 27. |
- Bargholtz, Chr., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the eta -> pi(+)pi(-)e(+)e(-) decay branching ratio
- 2007
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Ingår i: Physics Letters B. - : Elsevier BV. - 0370-2693 .- 1873-2445. ; 644:5-6, s. 299-303
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The reaction pd -> He-3 eta at threshold was used to provide a clean source of eta mesons for decay studies with the WASA detector at CELSIUS. The branching ratio of the decay eta -> pi(+)pi(-)e(+)e(-) is measured to be (4.3 +/- 1.3 +/- 0.4) x 10(-4).
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| 28. |
- Bargholtz, Chr., et al.
(författare)
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The WASA detector facility at CELSIUS
- 2008
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002 .- 1872-9576. ; 594:3, s. 339-350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The WASA 4 pi multidetector system, aimed at investigating light meson production in light ion collisions and eta meson rare decays at the CELSIUS storage ring in Uppsala is presented. A unique feature of the system is the use of hydrogen pellets as internal targets for the first time. A detailed description of the design, together with the anticipated and achieved performance parameters are given. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 29. |
- Bashkanov, M., et al.
(författare)
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Double-Pionic Fusion of Nuclear Systems and the "ABC" Effect : Approaching a Puzzle by Exclusive and Kinematically Complete Measurements
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 102:5, s. 052301-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ABC effect-a puzzling low-mass enhancement in the pi pi invariant mass spectrum, first observed by Abashian, Booth, and Crowe-is well known from inclusive measurements of two-pion production in nuclear fusion reactions. Here we report on the first exclusive and kinematically complete measurements of the most basic double-pionic fusion reaction pn -> d pi(0)pi(0) at beam energies of 1.03 and 1.35 GeV. The measurements, which have been carried out at CELSIUS-WASA, reveal the ABC effect to be a (pi pi)(I=L=0) channel phenomenon associated with both a resonancelike energy dependence in the integral cross section and the formation of a Delta Delta system in the intermediate state. A corresponding simple s-channel resonance ansatz provides a surprisingly good description of the data.
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| 30. |
- Bashkanov, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of the slope parameter for the η → 3π0 decay in the pp → ppη reaction
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 76:4, s. 048201-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The CELSIUS-WASA setup is used to measure the 3π0 decay of η mesons produced in pp interactions with beam kinetic energies of 1.36 and 1.45 GeV. The efficiency-corrected Dalitz plot and density distributions for this decay are shown, together with a fit of the quadratic slope parameter α yielding α = −0.026 ± 0.010(stat) ± 0.010(syst). This value is compared to recent experimental results and theoretical predictions.
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| 31. |
- Becker, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical value of human glandular kallikrein 2 and free and total prostate-specific antigen in serum from a population of men with prostate-specific antigen levels 3.0 ng/mL or greater
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Urology. - 1527-9995. ; 55:5, s. 694-699
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical value of human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) compared with free (f) and total (t) prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the early detection of prostate cancer (PCa). METHODS: In PCa screening conducted in 1995 to 1996 in Goteborg, Sweden, 5853 of 9811 randomly selected men (aged 50 to 66 years; median 61) accepted PSA testing; those with tPSA levels of 3. 0 ng/mL or greater were offered digital rectal examination, transrectal ultrasound, and sextant biopsies. Serum from 604 of 611 biopsied men (18% with positive digital rectal examinations, tPSA range 3.0 to 220 ng/mL, 144 men with PCa) was analyzed for hK2 (research assay) and tPSA and fPSA (Prostatus). Sera were stored at -20 degrees C for a maximum of 2 weeks for tPSA and fPSA and 3 years for hK2. RESULTS: hK2 levels and hK2 x tPSA/fPSA values were significantly elevated in men with PCa. Receiver operating characteristic data revealed that the area under the curve for hK2 x tPSA/fPSA was significantly greater than that for tPSA and greater, but not significantly greater, than that for percent fPSA. Also, the cancer-detecting sensitivity was significantly improved (P <0.05) using hK2 x tPSA/fPSA compared with tPSA and percent fPSA at specificity levels of 75% to 90%. At 75% specificity, a sensitivity of 74% was obtained compared with 64% or 54% using percent fPSA or tPSA; at 90% specificity, the corresponding sensitivity level was 55%, 41%, and 36%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Discrimination of men with and without PCa in a randomly selected population was improved by measuring hK2 in addition to tPSA and fPSA.
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| 32. |
- Becker, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Discrimination of men with prostate cancer from those with benign disease by measurements of human glandular kallikrein 2 (HK2) in serum
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - 1527-3792. ; 163:1, s. 311-316
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical value of measuring human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) compared with free and total prostate specific antigen (PSA-F and PSA-T) in serum from patients with prostate disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum from healthy controls, from men with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), clinically localized prostate cancer (PCa), and advanced PCa were analyzed for hK2 (using an in-house-research assay with detection limit of 0.05 ng./mL and <0.1% cross-reaction with PSA) and for PSA-F and PSA-T (using the Dual Prostatus assay from EG&G Wallac). RESULTS: HK2 concentrations were <0.05 ng./mL in 50/50 healthy volunteers but significantly higher (p <0.0001) and > or =0.05 ng./mL in 28/54 (52%) patients with BPH. In comparison to these men, the hK2 levels were significantly higher (p <0.0001, median 0.085 ng./mL) and > or =0.05 ng./mL in 100/136 (74%) men with clinically localized PCa. Compared with localized PCa, the hK2 levels were significantly higher (p <0.0001, median 0.57 ng./mL) and > or =0.05 ng./mL in 55/57 (96%) patients with advanced PCa. The median hK2 levels ranged from 1.3 to 1.6% of those of PSA-T in all three patient groups, whereas percent hK2/PSA-F and hK2 x PSA-T/PSA-F levels were significantly higher in cancer patients compared with those with BPH. In the discrimination of clinically localized PCa from BPH, hK2 x PSA-T/PSA-F gave the largest area under the receiver operating curve (AUC = 0.81) and significantly (p = 0.025) larger AUC than PSA-T alone (0.70). Further, at 95% sensitivity there was significant gain in specificity, and at specificity levels of 90 to 95% there was significant gain in sensitivity using the measurements of PSA-T+PSA-F+hK2 compared with analysis of PSA-T and/or percent free PSA. CONCLUSIONS: Discrimination of patients with benign prostate disease from those with prostate cancer was significantly enhanced using measurements of hK2 in addition to those of PSA-T and PSA-F. Percent hK2/PSA-F was higher in PCa than in BPH, a phenomena not yet understood.
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| 33. |
- Becker, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
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Sensitive and specific immunodetection of human glandular kallikrein 2 in serum
- 2000
-
Ingår i: Clinical Chemistry. - 0009-9147. ; 46:2, s. 198-206
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Human glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2) is expressed in the prostate and is present in serum from men with prostate cancer. Specific detection in serum is difficult mainly because of low concentrations and immunological cross-reactivity with prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Our objectives were to design an assay with improved analytical detection and functional sensitivity and nonsignificant cross-reactivity with PSA, and to characterize different immunoreactive forms of hK2. METHODS: In the assay, critical PSA epitopes were blocked with four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for PSA. Subsequently, hK2 was captured using a MAb against hK2 (5% cross-reactivity with PSA), and after washing, hK2 was detected by a europium-labeled MAb with identical affinity for hK2 and PSA. RESULTS: The analytical detection limit was <10 ng/L, and functional sensitivity was 30 ng/L. Cross-reaction with PSA was <0.01%. Between-assay imprecision was 3.1% for 1600 ng/L hK2 and 4. 8% for 160 ng/L hK2; corresponding values for within-assay precision were 1.9% and 4.5%, respectively. Complexes of hK2-alpha(1)-antichymotrypsin (ACT) were detected in vitro with -6% bias compared with the free form of hK2. Gel filtration of patient samples showed that hK2 correlated in size mainly with free hK2; only 4-19% corresponded to hK2 possibly complexed with ACT or protein C inhibitor. CONCLUSIONS: Our assay had extremely low cross-reactivity with PSA, provided a very low detection limit, and allowed close to equimolar detection of the free and complexed forms of hK2. Moreover, we found that free hK2 is the predominant immunoreactive form of hK2 in serum.
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| 34. |
- Becker, Charlotte, et al.
(författare)
-
Testing in serum for human glandular kallikrein 2, and free and total prostate specific antigen in biannual screening for prostate cancer.
- 2003
-
Ingår i: Journal of Urology. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1527-3792 .- 0022-5347. ; 170:4 Pt 1, s. 1169-1174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: We investigated the value of serum measurements for glandular kallikrein 2 (hK2), and free (f) and total (t) prostate specific antigen (PSA) in a second round of biannual screening for prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: In 1995 to 1996, 5,853 of 9,811 randomly selected men in Goteborg, Sweden 50 to 66 years old had PSA measurements. Of 660 men 611 with tPSA 3 ng/ml or greater underwent biopsy and 145 had cancer. All were re-invited 2 years later for PSA testing, and 506 of 596 men with tPSA 3 ng/ml or greater underwent biopsy and 113 cancers were detected. We analyzed hK2, tPSA and fPSA in 423 of 453 (93%) men who underwent biopsy in 1997 to 1998 who were also screened in 1995 to 1996. Results: The 99 of 423 (23%) men who underwent biopsy diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1997 to 1998 had significantly different tPSA, percent fPSA and hK2 x tPSA/fPSA compared to the men with negative biopsies from 2 years earlier. The largest area under curve was obtained for hK2 x tPSA/fPSA in serum from 1995 to 1996 and from 1997 to 1998, but the difference was not significant compared to tPSA and percent fPSA. In serum from 1997 to 1998 measurements of hK2 x tPSA/fPSA gave significantly higher specificity than tPSA at 85% sensitivity, and significantly higher specificity than tPSA and percent fPSA at 70% to 75% sensitivity. In addition, levels of hK2 and hK2 x tPSA/fPSA manifested a significantly greater 2-year increase in men with cancer compared to those with benign biopsies. Conclusions: In men with tPSA levels 3.0 ng/ml or greater who were not diagnosed with cancer during a first round of screening, hK2 measurements enhanced specificity compared to tPSA testing at moderately high sensitivity, and manifested a greater 2-year increase in men with cancer.
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| 35. |
- Belitsky, Victor, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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A new 3 mm band receiver for the Onsala 20 m antenna
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 580
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A new receiver for the Onsala 20 m antenna with the possibility of being equipped with 3 mm and 4 mm bands has been built and the 3 mm channel has been commissioned during the Spring 2014. For single-dish operation, the receiver uses an innovative on-source/off-source optical switch. In combination with additional optical components and within the same optical layout, the switch provides two calibration loads (for the 3 mm and 4 mm channels), sideband rejection measurement, and tuning possibilities. The optical layout of the receiver employs all cold (4 K) offset elliptical mirrors for both channels, whereas the on-off switch employs flat mirrors only. The 3 mm channel employs a sideband separation (2SB) dual polarization receiver with orthomode transducer (OMT), 4-8 GHz intermediate frequency (IF), x? 2pol x? upper and lower sidebands (USB? +? LSB). The cryostat has four optical windows made of high density polyethylene (HDPE) with anti-reflection corrugations, two for the signal and two for each frequency band cold load. The cryostat uses a two-stage cryocooler produced by Sumitomo HI? RDK? 408D2 with anti-vibration suspension of the cold-head to minimize impact of the vibrations on the receiver stability. The local oscillator (LO) system is based on a Gunn oscillator with aphase lock loop (PLL) and four mechanical tuners for broadband operation, providing independently tunable LO power for each polarization. This paper provides a technical description of the receiver and its technology and could be useful for instrumentation engineers and observers using the Onsala 20 m telescope.
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| 36. |
- Bergström, Ulrica, 1970-
(författare)
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Fragility fractures in fragile people : epidemiology of the age quake
- 2009
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Osteoporosis-related fracture is already today a major public health problem and the number of hip fractures is expected to double to 2030. Sweden has one of the highest hip fracture incidences worldwide. This may be explained by several factors: e.g. age, genetic, climatologic, geographic and a relative vitamin D deficiency, secondary to the limited sunlight exposure especially during winter months. Intrinsic and extrinsic factors contribute to a fracture, although a prior low energy fracture is one of the strongest predictors for a subsequent one and this should be a target for secondary fracture prevention in an orthopaedic setting. Since 1993 all injured patients admitted to the emergency floor and all in-hospital fractures at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden, were registered according to the Injury Data Base, former EHLASS. There were 31,173 fracture events (one or more fractures at the same time), of which 13,931 were in patients’ ≥ 50 years old. The fracture database was co analyzed with the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Study cohort in a nested case-control study for investigations of associations between osteoporotic fracture and serum markers, lifestyle data, nutrition etc. We found that there were differences in fracture pattern depending on age and sex. Both injury mechanism and fracture site were strongly dependent of age. The most severe fragility fracture, hip fracture, had a decreasing incidence. However, the incidence curve was right-shifting leading to an increase, both in numbers and in incidence of hip fractures among the oldest female. To identify people at high risk for fractures, re-fracture patients are useful. No less than 21% of the fracture patients had suffered more than one fracture event, accounting for 38% of all fracture events. The total risk ratio for a subsequent fracture was 2.2 (2.1-2.3 95% CI). In males the highest risk for re fracture was in the age cohort 70-79 years (RR 2.7, 2.3-3.2 95% CI), in females > 90 years (RR 3.9, 3.2-4.8 95% CI). Another possible risk factor in this subarctic population is the lack of sunlight, leading to a vitamin D deficit. The overall adjusted risk of sustaining a hip fracture in this population was 2.7 (95%CI:1.3-5.4) in subjects with a serum 25 hydroxyvitamin D below 50 nmol/l. The association was, however, different according to age at baseline. Thus in subjects aged 60 years and above at baseline, the adjusted odds ratio of sustaining a hip fracture was 6.2 (1.2-32.5 95%CI) for the group of individuals with a serum 25OHD below 50 nmol/l, whereas no significant association was found in the youngest age group. In the next 30 years the ongoing demographic changes will accelerate. The World War II baby boomers will cause an age quake. We can already see signs heralding a new fracture pattern: an increasing cohort of mobile but fragile elderly, with considerable co-morbidity is now at risk for fragility fractures. In fracture patients, clinical information is sufficient to pinpoint patients with a high risk for re-fractures. It is therefore clinically important to use the information provided by the fracture event. We suggest that trauma units and primary care units should screen for risk factors and inform patients about the treatment options, and to organize fracture liaison services. This seems to be especially cost-efficient for our oldest and frailest patients. Secondary prophylaxis and follow-up treatment after cardiovascular disorders are now a matter of course worldwide, but the screening for risk factors, in order to prevent a second fracture, is often neglected. This is one of the most important issues of fracture care in the future in order to improve general health.
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| 37. |
- Bergström, Ulrica, 1970-, et al.
(författare)
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The hip fracture incidence curve is shifting to the right : a forecast of the age-quake
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Acta Orthopaedica. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1745-3674 .- 1745-3682. ; 80:5, s. 520-524
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background The number of hip fractures has doubled in the last 30–40 years in many countries. Age-adjusted incidence has been reported to be decreasing in Europe and North America, but is there a decreasing trend in all age groups? Patients and methods This population-based study included all hip-fracture patients over 50 years of age (a total of 2,919 individuals, 31% of whom were men) admitted to Umeå University Hospital, Sweden, from 1993 through 2005. Results The incidence of hip fracture declined between the periods 1993–1996 and 2001–2005: from 706 to 625 hip fractures per 105 women and from 390 to 317 hip fractures per 105 men. However, there was a 114% increase in the number of fractures in women aged 90 or older (12 and 25 hip fractures/year, respectively, in the two time periods). For the period 2001–05, women ≥ 90 years of age accounted for almost the same numbers of hip fractures as women aged 75–79 (27 fractures/year). The rate increased during this period, from 2,700 per 105 women to 3,900 per 105 women > 90 years. In men there were declining trends for both relative and absolute numbers. Interpretation Although age-adjusted incidence declined in the population > 50 years of age, absolute fracture rate and incidence increased in the very old. Women over 90 now have the same absolute number of hip fractures every year as women aged 75–79 years. There was a right-shift in hip fracture distribution towards the oldest old, probably due to an increased number of octo/nonagenarians, a new population of particularly frail old people that hardly existed earlier. Better health among septuagenarians may also have delayed the age at which fractures occurred. This changing pattern will strain orthopedic and geriatric resources even more.
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| 38. |
- Berlowski, M., et al.
(författare)
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Measurement of eta meson decays into lepton-antilepton pairs
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Physical Review D. Particles and fields. - : American Physical Society. - 0556-2821 .- 1089-4918. ; 77:3, s. 032004-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A search for rare lepton decays of the eta meson was performed using the WASA detector at CELSIUS. Two candidates for double Dalitz decay eta -> e(+)e(-)e(+)e(-) events are reported with a background of 1.3 +/- 0.2 events. This allows to set an upper limit to the branching ratio of 9.7x10(-5) (90% CL). The branching ratio for the decay eta -> e(+)e(-)gamma is determined to (7.8 +/- 0.5(stat)+/- 0.8(syst))x10(-3) in agreement with world average value. An upper limit (90% CL) for the branching ratio for the eta -> e(+)e(-) decay is 2.7x10(-5) and a limit for the sum of the eta ->mu(+)mu(-)mu(+)mu(-) and eta ->pi(+)pi(-)mu(+)mu(-) decays is 3.6x10(-4).
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Bicak, Mesude, et al.
(författare)
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Prostate cancer risk SNP rs10993994 is a trans-eQTL for SNHG11 mediated through MSMB
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Human Molecular Genetics. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0964-6906 .- 1460-2083. ; 29:10, s. 1581-1591
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How genome-wide association studies-identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect remote genes remains unknown. Expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) association meta-analysis on 496 prostate tumor and 602 normal prostate samples with 117 SNPs revealed novel cis-eQTLs and trans-eQTLs. Mediation testing and colocalization analysis demonstrate that MSMB is a cis-acting mediator for SNHG11 (P < 0.01). Removing rs10993994 in LNCaP cell lines by CRISPR/Cas9 editing shows that the C-allele corresponds with an over 100-fold increase in MSMB expression and 5-fold increase in SNHG11 compared with the T-allele. Colocalization analysis confirmed that the same set of SNPs associated with MSMB expression is associated with SNHG11 expression (posterior probability of shared variants is 66.6% in tumor and 91.4% in benign). These analyses further demonstrate variants driving MSMB expression differ in tumor and normal, suggesting regulatory network rewiring during tumorigenesis.
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| 41. |
- Biernat, Jacek, et al.
(författare)
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Feasibility studies for the Forward Spectrometer
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics, Conference Series. - 1742-6588 .- 1742-6596. ; 599:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Forward Spectrometer designed for the P̄ANDA detector will consist of many different detector systems allowing for precise track reconstruction and particle identification. Feasibility studies for Forward Spectrometer done by means of specific reactions will be presented. In the first part of the paper, results of simulations focussing on rate estimates of the tracking stations based on straw tubes will be presented. Next, the importance of the Forward Tracker will be demonstrated through the reconstruction of the ψ(4040) → DD̄ decay. Finally, results from the analysis of the experimental data collected with a straw tube prototype designed and constructed at the Research Center in Juelich will be discussed.
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| 42. |
- Bjartell, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Time-resolved fluorescence in immunocytochemical detection of prostate-specific antigen in prostatic tissue sections
- 1999
-
Ingår i: Histochemical Journal. - 0018-2214. ; 31:1, s. 45-52
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chelates with fluorescent lanthanides such as europium and terbium are widely used in immunofluorometric assays, e.g. for the measurement of different molecular forms of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum for detection and monitoring of prostate cancer. These chelates have also been introduced as non-radioactive labels in immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. In the present study, sections of non-malignant prostate were investigated using monoclonal IgGs against PSA. Detection of specific immunostaining employing time-resolved fluorescence with europium-labeled streptavidin was compared with conventional detection by streptavidin conjugated to horse-radish peroxidase. The high PSA concentration in the tissue produced high intensity, specific time-resolved fluorescence signals in the epithelial cells of the prostate gland without disturbance from non-specific tissue autofluorescence. This allowed short exposure times to be used which resulted in insignificant photobleaching. Two of the three europium-chelates evaluated yielded high signal intensities. Counterstaining was found to be optimal with Gill No. 1-Haematoxylin solution and Merckoglas(TM) was the best mounting medium for the europium chelates tested. In conclusion, time-resolved fluorescence imaging is an attractive alternative to conventional detection of streptavidin conjugated to horse-radish peroxidase, as it provides linear, high intensity, specific signals subsequent to the decay of non-specific tissue autofluorescence.
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| 43. |
- Björk, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Comparison of analysis of the different prostate-specific antigen forms in serum for detection of clinically localized prostate cancer
- 1996
-
Ingår i: Urology. - 1527-9995. ; 48:6, s. 882-888
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To compare different forms and ratios of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to determine which form or ratio provides optimal diagnostic specificity and sensitivity in distinguishing between benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and clinically localized prostate cancer. METHODS: Serum samples were obtained from 47 patients with BPH and 39 with clinically localized prostate cancer. Patients with BPH underwent either transurethral resection of the prostate or transurethral microwave thermotherapy. Patients with prostate cancer, all of whom had no metastases on radionucleotide bone scans and no pelvic lymph node involvement, underwent either radical external beam radiation therapy or radical retropubic prostatectomy. All patients had pretreatment serum PSA levels between 1 and 20 ng/mL. The different forms of serum PSA (free PSA [PSA-F], PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin [PSA-ACT], and total PSA [PSA-T]) were measured using different monoclonal antibodies against PSA and ACT and immunofluorometric assay techniques. Furthermore, three ratios (PSA-F/PSA-T, PSA-ACT/PSA-T, and PSA-F/PSA-ACT) were calculated. RESULTS: By receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, the performance of the different forms and ratios were compared. The PSA-F/PSA-T ratio had the greatest area under the curve (AUC, 0.776), significantly larger than that for PSA-T (0.612; P = 0.024). For PSA-ACT/PSA-T, the AUC was 0.695 (P = 0.283 versus PSA-T) and 0.773 for PSA-F/PSA-ACT (P = 0.051 versus PSA-T). At a cutoff level < 0.17, PSA-F/PSA-T had a sensitivity of 79%, a specificity of 66%, and a positive predictive value of 66% compared with 74%, 38%, and 50%, respectively, for PSA-T at a cutoff level > 4.0 ng/mL. CONCLUSIONS: The PSA-F/PSA-T ratio gives the best diagnostic performance compared with that for other forms and ratios of PSA and will reduce the number of prostatic biopsies in patients with BPH.
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| 44. |
- Björk, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid exponential elimination of free prostate-specific antigen contrasts the slow, capacity-limited elimination of PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin from serum
- 1998
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Ingår i: Urology. - 1527-9995. ; 51:1, s. 57-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: To study the rates of elimination of total prostate-specific antigen (PSA-T), free PSA (PSA-F), and PSA complexed to alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (PSA-ACT) from blood after radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). METHODS: We obtained venous blood from 10 patients with prostate cancer who were undergoing RRP. We analyzed PSA-F and PSA-ACT and equimolar detection of both of these forms together (PSA-T) by using immunofluorometric assays. An attempt was made to fit the serum concentrations of PSA-F, PSA-ACT, and PSA-T for each patient to exponential curves by applying one- and two-compartment models for pharmacokinetic analysis. RESULTS: Manipulation of the prostate during RRP resulted in a 3- to 28-fold increase in PSA-F concentrations in serum. Removal of the prostate resulted in a rapid, biexponential elimination of PSA-F from serum, corresponding to a mean initial (alpha) half-life of 0.81 hours and a mean terminal (beta) half-life of 13.9 hours. Serum PSA-ACT concentrations decreased by 20% to 40% immediately after removal of the gland; the elimination after surgery was slow and nonexponential, corresponding to a mean rate of 0.8 ng/mL/day. The elimination of PSA-T reflects a combination of the elimination patterns for PSA-F and PSA-ACT. CONCLUSIONS: The main proportion of PSA-F is rapidly eliminated from serum, possibly by glomerular filtration. PSA-F released during surgery did not form complexes with ACT, as suggested by the lack of PSA-ACT elevation in serum. The size (approximately 90 kDa) and the extensive in vitro stability of the PSA-ACT complex prevents renal clearance. The nonexponential elimination of the PSA-ACT complex is evidence of a capacity-limited process (e.g., metabolic transformation).
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| 45. |
- Boca, Gianluigi, et al.
(författare)
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The experiment PANDA: physics with antiprotons at FAIR
- 2015
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Ingår i: EPJ Web of Conferences. - : EDP Sciences. - 2100-014X. ; 95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PANDA is an experiment that will run at the future facility FAIR, Darmstadt, Germany. A high intensity and cooled antiproton beam will collide on a fixed hydrogen or nuclear target covering center-of-mass energies between 2.2 and 5.5 GeV. PANDA addresses various physics aspects from the low energy non-perturbative region towards the perturbative regime of QCD. With the impressive theoretical developments in this field, e.g. lattice QCD, the predictions are becoming more accurate in the course of time. The data harvest with PANDA will, therefore, be an ideal test bench with the aim to provide a deeper understanding of hadronic phenomena such as confinement and the generation of hadron masses. A variety of physics topics will be covered with PANDA, for example: the formation or production of exotic non-qqbar charm meson states connected to the recently observed XYZ spectrum; the study of gluon-rich matter, such as glueballs and hybrids; the spectroscopy of the excited states of strange and charm baryons, their production cross section and their spin correlations; the behaviour of hadrons in nuclear matter; the hypernuclear physics; the electromagnetic proton form factors in the timelike region.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Boy, M., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions between the atmosphere, cryosphere, and ecosystems at northern high latitudes
- 2019
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 19:3, s. 2015-2061
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Nordic Centre of Excellence CRAICC (Cryosphere-Atmosphere Interactions in a Changing Arctic Climate), funded by NordForsk in the years 2011-2016, is the largest joint Nordic research and innovation initiative to date, aiming to strengthen research and innovation regarding climate change issues in the Nordic region. CRAICC gathered more than 100 scientists from all Nordic countries in a virtual centre with the objectives of identifying and quantifying the major processes controlling Arctic warming and related feedback mechanisms, outlining strategies to mitigate Arctic warming, and developing Nordic Earth system modelling with a focus on short-lived climate forcers (SLCFs), including natural and anthropogenic aerosols. The outcome of CRAICC is reflected in more than 150 peer-reviewed scientific publications, most of which are in the CRAICC special issue of the journal Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. This paper presents an overview of the main scientific topics investigated in the centre and provides the reader with a state-of-the-art comprehensive summary of what has been achieved in CRAICC with links to the particular publications for further detail. Faced with a vast amount of scientific discovery, we do not claim to completely summarize the results from CRAICC within this paper, but rather concentrate here on the main results which are related to feedback loops in climate change-cryosphere interactions that affect Arctic amplification.
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| 49. |
- Braniste, Viorica, et al.
(författare)
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The gut microbiota influences blood-brain barrier permeability in mice
- 2014
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Ingår i: Science Translational Medicine. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science. - 1946-6234 .- 1946-6242. ; 6:263, s. 263ra158-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pivotal to brain development and function is an intact blood-brain barrier (BBB), which acts as a gatekeeper to control the passage and exchange of molecules and nutrients between the circulatory system and the brain parenchyma. The BBB also ensures homeostasis of the central nervous system (CNS). We report that germ-free mice, beginning with intrauterine life, displayed increased BBB permeability compared to pathogen-free mice with a normal gut flora. The increased BBB permeability was maintained in germ-free mice after birth and during adulthood and was associated with reduced expression of the tight junction proteins occludin and claudin-5, which are known to regulate barrier function in endothelial tissues. Exposure of germ-free adult mice to a pathogen-free gut microbiota decreased BBB permeability and up-regulated the expression of tight junction proteins. Our results suggest that gut microbiota-BBB communication is initiated during gestation and propagated throughout life.
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| 50. |
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