| 1. |
- Mori, R. Alonso, et al.
(författare)
-
Sulfur-Metal Orbital Hybridization in Sulfur-Bearing Compounds Studied by X-ray Emission Spectroscopy
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 49:14, s. 6468-6473
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electronic structure and ligand environment of sulfur was investigated in various sulfur-containing compounds with different structures and chemical states by using X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES). Calculations were performed using density functional theory (DFT) as implemented in the StoBe code. The sulfur chemical state and atomic environment is discussed in terms of the molecular orbitals and partial charges that are obtained from the calculations. The main spectral features can be modeled using our calculational approach. The sensitivity of the K beta emission to the cation and the local symmetry is discussed.
|
|
| 2. |
|
|
| 3. |
- Anniyev, Toyli, et al.
(författare)
-
Complementarity between high-energy photoelectron and L-edge spectroscopy for probing the electronic structure of 5d transition metal catalysts
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 12:21, s. 5694-5700
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate the successful use of hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) for selectively probing the platinum partial d-density of states (DOS) in a Pt-Cu nanoparticle catalyst which shows activity superior to pure Pt towards the oxygen-reduction reaction (ORR). The information about occupied Pt d-band states was complemented by Pt L-2-edge X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), which probes unoccupied valence states. We found a significant electronic perturbation of the Pt projected d-DOS which was narrowed and shifted to higher binding energy compared to pure platinum. The effect of this electronic structure perturbation on the chemical properties of the nanoparticle surface is discussed in terms of the d-band model. We have thereby demonstrated that the combination of L-edge spectroscopy and HAXPES allows for an experimental derivation of the valence electronic structure in an element-specific way for 5d metal catalysts.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Huang, C, et al.
(författare)
-
The inhomogeneous structure of water at ambient conditions
- 2009
-
Ingår i: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:36, s. 15214-15218
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is used to demonstrate the presence of density fluctuations in ambient water on a physical length-scale of approximate to 1 nm; this is retained with decreasing temperature while the magnitude is enhanced. In contrast, the magnitude of fluctuations in a normal liquid, such as CCl4, exhibits no enhancement with decreasing temperature, as is also the case for water from molecular dynamics simulations under ambient conditions. Based on X-ray emission spectroscopy and X-ray Raman scattering data we propose that the density difference contrast in SAXS is due to fluctuations between tetrahedral-like and hydrogen-bond distorted structures related to, respectively, low and high density water. We combine our experimental observations to propose a model of water as a temperature-dependent, fluctuating equilibrium between the two types of local structures driven by incommensurate requirements for minimizing enthalpy (strong near-tetrahedral hydrogen-bonds) and maximizing entropy (non-directional H-bonds and disorder). The present results provide experimental evidence that the extreme differences anticipated in the hydrogen-bonding environment in the deeply supercooled regime surprisingly remain in bulk water even at conditions ranging from ambient up to close to the boiling point.
|
|
| 6. |
- Miller, Daniel J., et al.
(författare)
-
Low O-2 dissociation barrier on Pt(111) due to adsorbate-adsorbate interactions
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 133:22, s. 224701-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- O2 dissociation on Pt(111) has been followed at low and saturation coverage using temperature-programmed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and simulated with mean-field kinetic modeling, yielding dissociation (Ea) and desorption (Ed) barriers of 0.32 and 0.36 eV, respectively. DFT calculations show that Ea is strongly influenced by the O–O interatomic potential in the atomic final state: of the supercells considered, that which maximizes attractive third-nearest-neighbor interactions in the atomic final state yields both the lowest computed dissociation barrier (0.24 eV) and the best agreement with experiment. It is proposed that the effect of adsorbate-adsorbate interactions must be considered when modeling catalytic processes involving dissociative steps.
|
|
| 7. |
- Risberg, Emiliana, Damian, et al.
(författare)
-
Sulfur X-ray absorption and vibrational spectroscopic study of sulfite, sulfur dioxide and sulfonate solutions, and of the substituted sulfonate ions X3CSO3- (X = H, Cl, F)
- 2007
-
Ingår i: Inorganic Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0020-1669 .- 1520-510X. ; 46:20, s. 8332-8348
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra have been recorded and the S(1s) electron excitations evaluated by means of density functional theory−transition potential (DFT−TP) calculations to provide insight into the coordination, bonding, and electronic structure. The XANES spectra for the various species in sulfur dioxide and aqueous sodium sulfite solutions show considerable differences at different pH values in the environmentally important sulfite(IV) system. In strongly acidic (pH < 1) aqueous sulfite solution the XANES spectra confirm that the hydrated sulfur dioxide molecule, SO2(aq), dominates. The theoretical spectra are consistent with an OSO angle of 119° in gas phase and acetonitrile solution, while in aqueous solution hydrogen bonding reduces the angle to 116°. The hydration affects the XANES spectra also for the sulfite ion, SO32-. At intermediate pH (4) the two coordination isomers, the sulfonate (HSO3-) and hydrogen sulfite (SO3H-) ions with the hydrogen atom coordinated to sulfur and oxygen, respectively, could be distinguished with the ratio HSO3-:SO3H- about 0.28:0.72 at 298 K. The relative amount of HSO3- increased with increasing temperature in the investigated range from 275 to 343 K. XANES spectra of sulfonate, methanesulfonate, trichloromethanesulfonate, and trifluoromethanesulfonate compounds, all with closely similar S−O bond distances in tetrahedral configuration around the sulfur atom, were interpreted by DFT−TP computations. The energy of their main electronic transition from the sulfur K-shell is about 2478 eV. The additional absorption features are similar when a hydrogen atom or an electron-donating methyl group is bonded to the −SO3 group. Significant changes occur for the electronegative trichloromethyl (Cl3C−) and trifluoromethyl (F3C−) groups, which strongly affect the distribution especially of the π electrons around the sulfur atom. The S−D bond distance 1.38(2) Å was obtained for the deuterated sulfonate (DSO3-) ion by Rietveld analysis of neutron powder diffraction data of CsDSO3. Raman and infrared absorption spectra of the CsHSO3, CsDSO3, H3CSO3Na, and Cl3CSO3Na·H2O compounds and Raman spectra of the sulfite solutions have been interpreted by normal coordinate calculations. The C−S stretching force constant for the trichloromethanesulfonate ion obtains an anomalously low value due to steric repulsion between the Cl3C− and −SO3 groups. The S−O stretching force constants were correlated with corresponding S−O bond distances for several oxosulfur species.
|
|
| 8. |
|
|
| 9. |
- Schiros, Theanne, et al.
(författare)
-
Cooperativity in Surface Bonding and Hydrogen Bonding of Water and Hydroxyl at Metal Surfaces
- 2010
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 114:22, s. 10240-10248
-
Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- We examine the balance of surface bonding and hydrogen bonding in the mixed OH + H2O overlayer on Pt(111), Cu(111), and Cu(110) via density functional theory calculations. We find that there is a cooperativity effect between surface bonding and hydrogen bonding that underlies the stability of the mixed phase at metal surfaces. The surface bonding can be considered to be similar to accepting a hydrogen bond, and we can thereby apply general cooperativity rules developed for hydrogen-bonded systems. This provides a simple understanding of why water molecules become more strongly bonded to the surface upon hydrogen bonding to OH and why the OH surface bonding is instead weakened through hydrogen bonding to water. We extend the application of this simple model to other observed cooperativity effects for pure water adsorption systems and H3O+ on metal surfaces.
|
|
| 10. |
|
|
| 11. |
|
|
| 12. |
|
|
| 13. |
- Wernet, Ph., et al.
(författare)
-
The Structure of the First Coordination Shell in Liquid Water
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 304:5673, s. 995-999
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy and x-ray Raman scattering were used to probe the molecular arrangement in the first coordination shell of liquid water. The local structure is characterized by comparison with bulk and surface of ordinary hexagonal ice Ih and with calculated spectra. Most molecules in liquid water are in two hydrogen-bonded configurations with one strong donor and one strong acceptor hydrogen bond in contrast to the four hydrogen-bonded tetrahedral structure in ice. Upon heating from 25°C to 90°C, 5 to 10% of the molecules change from tetrahedral environments to two hydrogen-bonded configurations. Our findings are consistent with neutron and x-ray diffraction data, and combining the results sets a strong limit for possible local structure distributions in liquid water. Serious discrepancies with structures based on current molecular dynamics simulations are observed.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
|
|
| 16. |
- B. Araujo, Rafael, et al.
(författare)
-
Elucidating the role of Ni to enhance the methanol oxidation reaction on Pd electrocatalysts
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Electrochimica Acta. - : Elsevier BV. - 0013-4686 .- 1873-3859. ; 360
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amongst promising available technologies enabling the transition to renewable energy sources, electrochemical oxidation of alcohols, in a direct fuel cell or in an electrolysis reaction (H-2 production), can be an economically and sustainable alternative to currently used technologies. In this work, we highlight the advantages of a Pd-Ni bimetallic electrocatalyst for methanol electrooxidation - a convenient choice due to the low cost of Ni combined with the observed acceptable catalytic performance of Pd. We report a synergistic effort between experiments and theoretical calculations based on density functional theory to provide an in-depth understanding - at the atomistic level - of the origin of the enhanced electrochemical activity of methanol electrooxidation using the bimetallic catalysts Pd3Ni and PdNi over pure Pd. Cyclic voltammograms and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) demonstrate higher activity towards methanol electrooxidation with increased Ni concentration and, furthermore, higher selectivity for CO2. These effects are understood by: 1) changes in the methanol oxidation reaction mechanism. 2) Mitigation or suppression of CO poisoning on the Pd-Ni alloys as compared to the pure Pd catalyst. 3) A stronger tendency towards highly oxidized intermediates for the alloys. These findings elucidate the effects of a bimetallic electrocatalyst for alcohol electrooxidation as well as unambiguously suggest PdNi as a more cost-effective alternative electrocatalyst.
|
|
| 17. |
|
|
| 18. |
- Beye, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Chemical Bond Activation Observed with an X-ray Laser
- 2016
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 7:18, s. 3647-3651
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of bonding and antibonding orbitals is fundamental in chemistry. The population of those orbitals and the energetic difference between the two reflect the strength of the bonding interaction. Weakening the bond is expected to reduce this energetic splitting, but the transient character of bond-activation has so far prohibited direct experimental access. Here we apply time-resolved soft X-ray spectroscopy at a free electron laser to directly observe the decreased bonding antibonding splitting following bond-activation using an ultrashort optical laser pulse.
|
|
| 19. |
- Beye, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Selective Ultrafast Probing of Transient Hot Chemisorbed and Precursor States of CO on Ru(0001)
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 110:18
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have studied the femtosecond dynamics following optical laser excitation of CO adsorbed on a Ru surface by monitoring changes in the occupied and unoccupied electronic structure using ultrafast soft x-ray absorption and emission. We recently reported [M. Dell'Angela et al. Science 339, 1302 (2013)] a phonon-mediated transition into a weakly adsorbed precursor state occurring on a time scale of >2 ps prior to desorption. Here we focus on processes within the first picosecond after laser excitation and show that the metal-adsorbate coordination is initially increased due to hot-electron-driven vibrational excitations. This process is faster than, but occurs in parallel with, the transition into the precursor state. With resonant x-ray emission spectroscopy, we probe each of these states selectively and determine the respective transient populations depending on optical laser fluence. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations of CO adsorbed on Ru(0001) were performed at 1500 and 3000 K providing insight into the desorption process.
|
|
| 20. |
- Camisasca, Gaia, et al.
(författare)
-
A proposal for the structure of high- and low-density fluctuations in liquid water
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 151:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on recent experimental data that can be interpreted as indicating the presence of specific structures in liquid water, we build and optimize two structural models which we compare with the available experimental data. To represent the proposed high-density liquid structures, we use a model consisting of chains of water molecules, and for low-density liquid, we investigate fused dodecahedra as templates for tetrahedral fluctuations. The computed infrared spectra of the models are in very good agreement with the extracted experimental spectra for the two components, while the extracted structures from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations give spectra that are intermediate between the experimentally derived spectra. Computed x-ray absorption and emission spectra as well as the O-O radial distribution functions of the proposed structures are not contradicted by experiment. The stability of the proposed dodecahedral template structures is investigated in MD simulations by seeding the starting structure, and remnants found to persist on an similar to 30 ps time scale. We discuss the possible significance of such seeds in simulations and whether they can be viable candidates as templates for structural fluctuations below the compressibility minimum of liquid water.
|
|
| 21. |
- Camisasca, Gaia, et al.
(författare)
-
Radial distribution functions of water : Models vs experiments
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 151:4
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study the temperature behavior of the first four peaks of the oxygen-oxygen radial distribution function of water, simulated by the TIP4P/2005, MB-pol, TIP5P, and SPC/E models and compare to experimental X-ray diffraction data, including a new measurement which extends down to 235 K [H. Pathak et al., J. Chem. Phys. 150, 224506 (2019)]. We find the overall best agreement using the MB-pol and TIP4P/2005 models. We observe, upon cooling, a minimum in the position of the second shell simulated with TIP4P/2005 and SPC/E potentials, located close to the temperature of maximum density. We also calculated the two-body entropy and the contributions coming from the first, second, and outer shells to this quantity. We show that, even if the main contribution comes from the first shell, the contribution of the second shell can become important at low temperature. While real water appears to be less ordered at short distance than obtained by any of the potentials, the different water potentials show more or less order compared to the experiments depending on the considered length-scale.
|
|
| 22. |
- Camisasca, Gaia, et al.
(författare)
-
Translational and rotational dynamics of high and low density TIP4P/2005 water
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AMER INST PHYSICS. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 150:22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use molecular dynamics simulations using TIP4P/2005 to investigate the self- and distinct-van Hove functions for different local environments of water, classified using the local structure index as an order parameter. The orientational dynamics were studied through the calculation of the time-correlation functions of different-order Legendre polynomials in the OH-bond unit vector. We found that the translational and orientational dynamics are slower for molecules in a low-density local environment and correspondingly the mobility is enhanced upon increasing the local density, consistent with some previous works, but opposite to a recent study on the van Hove function. From the analysis of the distinct dynamics, we find that the second and fourth peaks of the radial distribution function, previously identified as low density-like arrangements, show long persistence in time. The analysis of the time-dependent interparticle distance between the central molecule and the first coordination shell shows that particle identity persists longer than distinct van Hove correlations. The motion of two first-nearest-neighbor molecules thus remains coupled even when this correlation function has been completely decayed. With respect to the orientational dynamics, we show that correlation functions of molecules in a low-density environment decay exponentially, while molecules in a local high-density environment exhibit bi-exponential decay, indicating that dynamic heterogeneity of water is associated with the heterogeneity among high-density and between high-density and low-density species. This bi-exponential behavior is associated with the existence of interstitial waters and the collapse of the second coordination sphere in high-density arrangements, but not with H-bond strength.
|
|
| 23. |
- Casalongue, Hernan G. Sanchez, et al.
(författare)
-
Operando Characterization of an Amorphous Molybdenum Sulfide Nanoparticle Catalyst during the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
- 2014
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 118:50, s. 29252-29259
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Molybdenum sulfide structures, particularly amorphous MoS3 nanoparticles, are promising materials in the search for cost-effective and scalable water-splitting catalysts. Ex situ observations show that the nanoparticles exhibit a composition change from MoS3 to defective MoS2 when subjected to hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) conditions, raising questions regarding the active surface sites taking part in the reaction. We tracked the in situ transformation of amorphous MoS3 nanoparticles under HER conditions through ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and performed density functional theory studies of model MoSx systems. We demonstrate that, under operating conditions, surface sites are converted from MoS3 to MoS2 in a gradual manner and that the electrolytic current densities are proportional to the extent of the transformation. We also posit that it is the MoS2 edge-like sites that are active during HER, with the high activity of the catalyst being attributed to the increase in surface MoS2 edge-like sites after the reduction of MoS3 sites.
|
|
| 24. |
- Cavalca, Filippo, et al.
(författare)
-
Nature and Distribution of Stable Subsurface Oxygen in Copper Electrodes During Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121:45, s. 25003-25009
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Oxide-derived copper (OD-Cu) electrodes exhibit higher activity than pristine copper during the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) and higher selectivity toward ethylene. The presence of residual subsurface oxygen in OD-Cu has been proposed to be responsible for such improvements, although its stability under the reductive CO2RR conditions remains unclear. This work sheds light on the nature and stability of subsurface oxygen. Our spectroscopic results show that oxygen is primarily concentrated in an amorphous 1-2 nm thick layer within the Cu subsurface, confirming that subsurface oxygen is stable during CO2RR for up to 1 h at -1.15 V vs RHE. Besides, it is associated with a high density of defects in the OD-Cu structure. We propose that both low coordination of the amorphous OD-Cu surface and the presence of subsurface oxygen that withdraws charge from the copper sp- and d-bands might selectively enhance the binding energy of CO.
|
|
| 25. |
- Cavalleri, Matteo, 1973-
(författare)
-
Local Structure of Hydrogen-Bonded Liquids
- 2004
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ordinary yet unique, water is the substance on which life is based. Water seems, at first sight, to be a very simple molecule, consisting of two hydrogen atoms attached to one oxygen. Its small size belies the complexity of its action and its numerous anomalies, central to a broad class of important phenomena, ranging from global current circulation, terrestrial water and CO2 cycles to corrosion and wetting. The explanation of this complex behavior comes from water's unique ability to form extensive three-dimensional networks of hydrogen-bonds, whose nature and structures, in spite of a great deal of efforts involving a plethora of experimental and theoretical techniques, still lacks a complete scientific understanding.This thesis is devoted to the study of the local structure of hydrogen-bonded liquids, with a particular emphasis on water, taking advantage of a combination of core-level spectroscopies and density functional theory spectra calculations. X-ray absorption, in particular, is found to be sensitive to the local hydrogen-bond environment, thus offering a very promising tool for spectroscopic identification of specific structural configurations in water, alcohols and aqueous solutions. More specifically, the characteristic spectroscopic signature of the broken hydrogen-bond at the hydrogen side is used to analyze the structure of bulk water, leading to the finding that most molecules are arranged in two hydrogen-bond configurations, in contrast to the picture provided by molecular dynamics simulations. At the liquid-vapor interface, an interplay of surface sensitive measurements and theoretical calculations enables us to distinguish a new interfacial species in equilibrium with the gas. In a similar approach the cluster form of the excess proton in highly concentrated acid solutions and the different coordination of methanol at the vacuum interface and in the bulk can also be clearly identified.Finally the ability of core-level spectroscopies, aided by sophisticated density functional theory calculations, to directly probe the valence electronic structure of a system is used to observe the nature of the interaction between water molecules and solvated ions in solution. Water around transition metal ions is found to interact with the solute via orbital mixing with the metal d-orbitals. The hydrogen-bond between water molecules is explained in terms of electrostatic interactions enhanced by charge rehybridization in which charge transfer between connecting molecules is shown to be fundamental.
|
|
| 26. |
- Chen, Chen, et al.
(författare)
-
Long-range ion-water and ion-ion interactions in aqueous solutions
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 17:13, s. 8427-8430
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we obtained direct experimental evidence on the structure of hydrated polyatomic anions, with hydration effects starkly different from those of cations (J. Chem. Phys., 2011, 134, 064513). We propose that the size and charge density of the naked ions do not sufficiently account for the differences in the SAXS curves. For cations, the ion-ion contribution gives a prominent first-order diffraction peak, whereas for anions, the low-Q enhancement in the SAXS curves indicates density inhomogeneities as a result of ion-water interactions.
|
|
| 27. |
- Chen, Chen, et al.
(författare)
-
Solvation structures of protons and hydroxide ions in water
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 138:15, s. 154506-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- X-ray Raman spectroscopy (XRS) combined with small-angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) were used to study aqueous solutions of HCl and NaOH. Hydrated structures of H+ and OH- are not simple mirror images of each other. While both ions have been shown to strengthen local hydrogen bonds in the hydration shell as indicated by XRS, SAXS suggests that H+ and OH- have qualitatively different long-range effects. The SAXS structure factor of HCl (aq) closely resembles that of pure water, while NaOH (aq) behaves similar to NaF (aq). We propose that protons only locally enhance hydrogen bonds while hydroxide ions induce tetrahedrality in the overall hydrogen bond network of water.
|
|
| 28. |
|
|
| 29. |
- Damian, Emiliana, et al.
(författare)
-
Theoretical and experimental sulfur K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopic (XANES) study of cysteine, cystine, methionine and methionine sulfoxide
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Dalton Transactions. - 1477-9226 .- 1477-9234. ; 18, s. 3542-3558
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The experimental sulfur K-edge x-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra of the amino acids cysteine, homocysteine, penicillamine, methionine, the oxidation products methionine sulfoxide and the disulfide cystine, have been analyzed by transition potential DFT calculations. The absolute energies and intensities of the main pre-edge sulfur 1s electron transitions have been computed to determine the character of the receiving low energy unoccupied molecular orbitals (MO), and to investigate the influence of external interactions, especially by introducing water molecules hydrogen bonded to the ionic species present in different pH ranges. When the thiol group deprotonates for the three amino acids cysteine, homocysteine and penicillamine the energy of the main transition, to an MO with antibonding σ*(S-H) character, reduces by ~1.1 eV and the receiving MO obtains σ*(S-C) character. The energy shifts due to hydrogen bonding were in most cases found to be relatively small, although the transition intensities could vary significantly due to the changes induced in the molecular charge distribution, thereby affecting the shapes of the spectral features. For the cysteine and penicillamine zwitterions deconvolution of the experimental spectra allowed the microscopic acid dissociation constants to be extracted separately for the thiol and the protonated amine groups, pKaT = 8.5 ± 0.1 and 8.2 ± 0.1, and pKaN = 8.9 ± 0.1 and 8.8 ± 0.1, respectively, in both cases with the thiol group the more acidic. Coordination of cysteine to nickel(II) or mercury(II) introduced a new low energy transition involving metal ion orbitals in the receiving LUMO. The small experimentally observed energy differences between the similar main absorption features of the cysteine and methionine zwitterions, 0.2-0.3 eV in comparable surrounding, as well as a minor difference in their intensity ratio, are reflected in the calculated transitions. The S K-edge XANES spectrum of the disulfide cystine displays a characteristic double peak with the lower energy transition (2469.9 eV) into the antibonding σ*(S-S) MO. The second peak, at 2471.5 eV in aqueous solution, contains several transitions into MO:s with σ*(S-C) character involving also charge transfer to the water molecules hydrating the protonated amine groups (NH3+) of cystine. The experimental energy difference between the two peaks increases by 0.2 eV for solid cystine, while no such increase occurs for the –S-S- bond between the cysteine residues in the oxidized disulfide of glutathione, where the amine groups are engaged in peptide bonds. This study shows that externally induced changes in the intramolecular bonding, e.g. by coordination, conformation geometry or hydrogen bonding, can significantly influence the S K-edge spectra, and emphasizes the importance of a similar chemical surrounding of the model compounds for standard spectra of sulfur functional groups, used to deconvolute composite experimental spectra.
|
|
| 30. |
- de Carolis, Stefano, et al.
(författare)
-
Structure and electronic properties of Ca-doped CeO2 and implications on catalytic activity : An experimental and theoretical study
- 1999
-
Ingår i: J PHYS CHEM B. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5647. ; 103:36, s. 7627-7636
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Doping CeO2 with for example, Ca gives an enhanced reactivity toward reduction of SO2 by CO, and total combustion of methane. Theoretical modeling using static minimizations and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the doped (110) face in combination with ab initio quantum chemical cluster models shows large effects on the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) balance due to the doping. Computed oxygen-to-cerium charge-transfer energies are strongly reduced as a result of the introduction of defects and oxygen vacancies, but not sufficiently to explain the observed reactivities. The structures resulting from the MD simulations for both the doped and undoped material are in good agreement with recent experimental pulsed neutron scattering results.
|
|
| 31. |
- de Wijn, Astrid S., et al.
(författare)
-
How square ice helps lubrication
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Physical Review B. - 2469-9950 .- 2469-9969. ; 95:16
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the context of friction we use atomistic molecular-dynamics simulations to investigate water confined between graphene sheets over a wide range of pressures. We find that thermal equilibration of the confined water is hindered at high pressures. We demonstrate that, under the right conditions, square ice can form in an asperity, and that it is similar to cubic ice VII and ice X. We simulate sliding of atomically flat graphite on the square ice and find extremely low friction due to structural superlubricity. The conditions needed for square ice to form correspond to low sliding speeds, and we suggest that the ice observed in experiments of friction on wet graphite is of this type.
|
|
| 32. |
- Delesma, Francisco A., et al.
(författare)
-
A Chemical View on X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy : the ESCA Molecule and Surface-to-Bulk XPS Shifts
- 2018
-
Ingår i: ChemPhysChem. - : Wiley. - 1439-4235 .- 1439-7641. ; 19:2, s. 169-174
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we remind the reader of a simple, intuitive picture of chemical shifts in X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) as the difference in chemical bonding between the probed atom and its neighbor to the right in the periodic table, the so called Z + 1 approximation. We use the classical ESCA molecule, ethyl trifluoroacetate, and 4d-transition metals to explicitly demonstrate agreement between core-level shifts computed as differences between final core-hole states and the approach where each core-ionized atom is replaced by a Z + 1 atom. In this final state, or total energy picture, the XPS shift arises due to the more or less unfavorable chemical bonding of the effective nitrogen in the carbon geometry for the ESCA molecule. Surface core level shifts in metals are determined by whether the Z + 1 atom as an alloy segregates to the surface or is more soluble in the bulk. As further illustration of this more chemical picture, we compare the geometry of C 1s and O 1s core-ionized CO with that of, respectively, NO+ and CF+. The scope is not to propose a new method to compute XPS shifts but rather to stress the validity of this simple interpretation.
|
|
| 33. |
- Dell'Angela, M., et al.
(författare)
-
Real-Time Observation of Surface Bond Breaking with an X-ray Laser
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 339:6125, s. 1302-1305
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We used the Linac Coherent Light Source free-electron x-ray laser to probe the electronic structure of CO molecules as their chemisorption state on Ru(0001) changes upon exciting the substrate by using a femtosecond optical laser pulse. We observed electronic structure changes that are consistent with a weakening of the CO interaction with the substrate but without notable desorption. A large fraction of the molecules (30%) was trapped in a transient precursor state that would precede desorption. We calculated the free energy of the molecule as a function of the desorption reaction coordinate using density functional theory, including van der Waals interactions. Two distinct adsorption wells-chemisorbed and precursor state separated by an entropy barrier-explain the anomalously high prefactors often observed in desorption of molecules from metals.
|
|
| 34. |
- Diesen, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Accuracy of XAS theory for unraveling structural changes of adsorbates : CO on Ni(100)
- 2020
-
Ingår i: AIP Advances. - : AIP Publishing. - 2158-3226. ; 10:11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Studying surface reactions using ultrafast optical pump and x-ray probe experiments relies on accurate calculations of x-ray spectra of adsorbates for the correct identification of the spectral signatures and their dynamical evolution. We show that experimental x-ray absorption can be well reproduced for different binding sites in a static prototype system CO/Ni(100) at a standard density functional theory generalized-gradient-approximation level of theory using a plane-wave basis and pseudopotentials. This validates its utility in analyzing ultrafast x-ray probe experiments. The accuracy of computed relative core level binding energies is about 0.2 eV, representing a lower limit for which spectral features can be resolved with this method. We also show that the commonly used Z + 1 approximation gives very good core binding energy shifts overall. However, we find a discrepancy for CO adsorbed in the hollow site, which we assign to the significantly stronger hybridization in hollow bonding than in on-top.
|
|
| 35. |
- Dos Santos, Egon C., et al.
(författare)
-
Stability, Structure, and Electronic Properties of the Pyrite/Arsenopyrite Solid-Solid Interface-A DFT Study
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 121:14, s. 8042-8051
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pyrite is the most common sulfide in the Earth. In the presence of arsenopyrite its oxidation is delayed, and instead, the arsenopyrite increases its oxidation rate, releasing As(III) and As(V) species in the medium. DFT/plane waves calculations were performed on pyrite/arsenopyrite interface models to understand the stability, structure, and electronic properties of the interface. This is the first step to understand the influence of the inlaid arsenopyrite in the pyrite oxidation mechanism. The interface is slightly stressed with minor changes in the bond lengths and lattice parameters with respect to the pure phases. The work of adhesion and the formation energy indicate that the miscibility of the two phases is not favorable, explaining the presence of large domains of either pyrite or arsenopyrite forming bulk granular regions. The valence band of the pyrite/arsenopyrite interface has large contributions from the pyrite phase, while the conduction band has large contributions from the arsenopyrite. This is consistent with the pyrite as cathode and arsenopyrite as anode in a galvanic contact. Furthermore, the interface formation shifts the valence states upward and decreases the band gap, facilitating interfacial electron transfer.
|
|
| 36. |
- Eilert, André, et al.
(författare)
-
Subsurface Oxygen in Oxide-Derived Copper Electrocatalysts for Carbon Dioxide Reduction
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 8:1, s. 285-290
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Copper electrocatalysts derived from an oxide have shown extraordinary electrochemical properties for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR). Using in situ ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and quasi in situ electron energy loss spectroscopy in a transmission electron microscope, we show that there is a substantial amount of residual oxygen in nanostructured, oxide-derived copper electrocatalysts but no residual copper oxide. On the basis of these findings in combination with density functional theory simulations, we propose that residual subsurface oxygen changes the electronic structure of the catalyst and creates sites with higher carbon monoxide binding energy. If such sites are stable under the strongly reducing conditions found in CO2RR, these findings would explain the high efficiencies of oxide-derived copper in reducing carbon dioxide to multicarbon compounds such as ethylene.
|
|
| 37. |
- Ferreira de Lima, Guilherme, et al.
(författare)
-
X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Spectroscopy Calculations on Pristine and Modified Chalcopyrite Surfaces
- 2018
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 122:35, s. 20200-20209
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding chemical modifications on the chalcopyrite surface is an important issue to improve hydrometallurgical processes to recover copper from the mineral. X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES) can be used for this task, but the interpretation of the spectrum and the correlation with chemical changes in the first atomic layers are not straightforward. The present study demonstrates the potential of combining spectrum measurements with theoretical X-ray spectrum simulations to elucidate the chemistry behind weathering of important classes of minerals. We simulated the S and Fe K-edge XANES spectrum for pristine and modified chalcopyrite surfaces using periodic DFT calculations and the transition-potential model. The calculated S K-edge XANES spectra are in good agreement with experimental data and the peaks were attributed using the density of states. The simulated Fe K-edge XANES spectra do not reproduce all features observed experimentally. The effect of surface changes due to reconstruction, hydration, and oxidation on the spectrum was analyzed. Our results show that the S K-edge XANES spectrum is more sensitive to surface modifications than the Fe K-edge XANES spectrum, and this sensitivity could be used to follow the evolution of the surface.
|
|
| 38. |
- Fransson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Calibrating TDDFT Calculations of the X-ray Emission Spectrum of Liquid Water : The Effects of Hartree-Fock Exchange
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - 1549-9618 .- 1549-9626. ; 19:20, s. 7333-7342
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The structure and dynamics of liquid water continue to be debated, with insight provided by, among others, X-ray emission spectroscopy (XES), which shows a split in the high-energy 1b1 feature. This split is yet to be reproduced by theory, and it remains unclear if these difficulties are related to inaccuracies in dynamics simulations, spectrum calculations, or both. We investigate the performance of different methods for calculating XES of liquid water, focusing on the ability of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to reproduce reference spectra obtained by high-level coupled cluster and algebraic-diagrammatic construction scheme calculations. A metric for evaluating the agreement between theoretical spectra termed the integrated absolute difference (IAD), which considers the integral of shifted difference spectra, is introduced and used to investigate the performance of different exchange-correlation functionals. We find that computed spectra of symmetric and asymmetric model water structures are strongly and differently influenced by the amount of Hartree-Fock exchange, with best agreement to reference spectra for similar to 40-50%. Lower percentages tend to yield high density of contributing states, resulting in too broad features. The method introduced here is useful also for other spectrum calculations, in particular where the performance for ensembles of structures are evaluated.
|
|
| 39. |
- Fransson, T., et al.
(författare)
-
Requirements of first-principles calculations of X-ray absorption spectra of liquid water
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 18:1, s. 566-583
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A computational benchmark study on X-ray absorption spectra of water has been performed by means of transition-potential density functional theory (TP-DFT), damped time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), and damped coupled cluster (CC) linear response theory. For liquid water, using TDDFT with a tailored CAM-B3LYP functional and a polarizable embedding, we find that an embedding with over 2000 water molecules is required to fully converge spectral features for individual molecules, but a substantially smaller embedding can be used within averaging schemes. TP-DFT and TDDFT calculations on 100 MD structures demonstrate that TDDFT produces a spectrum with spectral features in good agreement with experiment, while it is more difficult to fully resolve the spectral features in the TP-DFT spectrum. Similar trends were also observed for calculations of bulk ice. In order to further establish the performance of these methods, small water clusters have been considered also at the CC2 and CCSD levels of theory. Issues regarding the basis set requirements for spectrum simulations of liquid water and the determination of gas-phase ionization potentials are also discussed.
|
|
| 40. |
- Fransson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
Requirements of first-principles calculations of X-ray absorption spectra of liquid water
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry. - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 18:1, s. 566-583
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A computational benchmark study on X-ray absorption spectra of water has been performed by means of transition-potential density functional theory (TP-DFT), damped time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT), and damped coupled cluster (CC) linear response theory. For liquid water, using TDDFT with a tailored CAM-B3LYP functional and a polarizable embedding, we find that an embedding with over 2000 water molecules is required to fully converge spectral features for individual molecules, but a substantially smaller embedding can be used within averaging schemes. TP-DFT and TDDFT calculations on 100 MD structures demonstrate that TDDFT produces a spectrum with spectral features in good agreement with experiment, while it is more difficult to fully resolve the spectral features in the TP-DFT spectrum. Similar trends were also observed for calculations of bulk ice. In order to further establish the performance of these methods, small water clusters have been considered also at the CC2 and CCSD levels of theory. Issues regarding the basis set requirements for spectrum simulations of liquid water and the determination of gas-phase ionization potentials are also discussed.
|
|
| 41. |
- Fransson, Thomas, et al.
(författare)
-
X-ray and Electron Spectroscopy of Water
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Chemical Reviews. - : AMER CHEMICAL SOC. - 0009-2665 .- 1520-6890. ; 116:13, s. 7551-7569
-
Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Here we present an overview of recent developments of X-ray and electron spectroscopy to probe water at different temperatures. Photon-induced ionization followed by detection of electrons from either the 0 is level or the valence band is the basis of photoelectron spectroscopy. Excitation between the 0 is and the unoccupied states or occupied states is utilized in X-ray absorption and X-ray emission spectroscopies. These techniques probe the electronic structure of the liquid phase and show sensitivity to the local hydrogen-bonding structure. Both experimental aspects related to the measurements and theoretical simulations to assist in the interpretation are discussed in detail. Different model systems are presented such as the different bulk phases of ice and various adsorbed monolayer structures on metal surfaces.
|
|
| 42. |
- Friebel, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
-
In situ x-ray probing reveals the importance of surface platinum oxide formation in fuel cell catalysis
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Physical Chemistry, Chemical Physics - PCCP. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 1463-9076 .- 1463-9084. ; 13:1, s. 262-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) at the Pt L3 edge is a useful probe for Pt–O interactions at polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cathodes. We show that XAS using the high energy resolution fluorescence detection (HERFD) mode, applied to a well-defined monolayer Pt/Rh(111) sample where the bulk penetrating hard X-rays probe only surface Pt atoms, provides a unique sensitivity to structure and chemical bonding at the Pt-electrolyte interface. Ab initio multiple-scattering calculations using the FEFF code and complementary extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) results indicate that the commonly observed large increase of the white-line at high electrochemical potentials on PEMFC cathodes originates from platinum oxide formation, whereas previously proposed chemisorbed oxygen-containing species merely give rise to subtle spectral changes.
|
|
| 43. |
- Gladh, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
Detection of adsorbate overlayer structural transitions using sum-frequency generation spectroscopy
- 2015
-
Ingår i: Surface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6028 .- 1879-2758. ; 633, s. 77-81
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We demonstrate that temperature-programmed vibrational sum-frequency generation (SFG) spectroscopy has a unique sensitivity to certain adsorbate overlayer structural transitions. In the CO stretching vibration of co-adsorbed CO/O(2x1)/Ru(0001) we observe pronounced dips in the spectral intensity as the adsorbate overlayer undergoes structural transitions with temperature. Combining with temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) a more complete picture of temperature-dependent structural transitions is obtained. We extract kinetic parameters from the SFG data and obtain good agreement with TPD when both techniques see the same transition. Infrared-infrared visible SFG is used to determine changes in inter-adsorbate coupling that allow us to experimentally assign the structural transitions. Furthermore, density functional theory calculations of the proposed structures and energetics are performed to verify the experimental assignments.
|
|
| 44. |
- Gladh, Jörgen, et al.
(författare)
-
X-ray emission spectroscopy and density functional study of CO/Fe(100)
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 0021-9606 .- 1089-7690. ; 136:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy studies of the electronic structure of the pre-dissociative alpha(3) phase of CO bound at hollow sites of Fe(100) as well as of the on-top bound species in the high-coverage alpha(1) phase. The analysis is supported by density functional calculations of structures and spectra. The bonding of lying down CO in the hollow site is well described in terms of pi to pi* charge transfer made possible through bonding interaction also at the oxygen in the minority spin-channel. The on-top CO in the mixed, high-coverage alpha(1) phase is found to be tilted due to adsorbate-adsorbate interaction, but still with bonding mainly characteristic of vertical on-top adsorbed CO similar to other transition-metal surfaces.
|
|
| 45. |
- Halldin Stenlid, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Electrochemical Interface during Corrosion of Copper in Anoxic Sulfide-Containing Groundwater-A Computational Study
- 2020
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 124:1, s. 469-481
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Corrosion of copper is an expensive degradation process of materials in engineered infrastructures and in various technical applications. It is also an important factor in the geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel, where sulfide-induced corrosion is expected to be the predominant chemical degradation process of copper canisters used for encapsulation and isolation of the radioactive material from the biosphere. One aspect of the corrosion process that is still under intense research is the corrosion morphology and how it might be affected by the composition of the groundwater. Using density functional theory, we investigate the electrochemical interface of corroding copper in aqueous solutions containing sulfides, with and without the presence of Cl-, HCO3-, and SO42- anions. Through state-of-the-art electrochemical models, we account for the effects of pH, concentrations, and potential on the interfacial structure and composition. Results are presented for the Cu(110) surface facet and compared to the (110) and (001) facets of chalcocite (Cu2S), i.e., the main product of sulfide-induced corrosion. It is found that at low potentials, H dominates on all surfaces, and at high potentials, sulfides. In the intermediate ranges, the surfaces differ with sulfides prevailing on Cu, while adsorbed H2O, Cl, or H dominate on Cu2S. The results are summarized as surface Pourbaix diagrams and are generally applicable in corrosion science and electrochemistry. The implications of the study are discussed in light of the expected conditions of planned spent nuclear fuel repositories in Sweden, Finland, and Canada.
|
|
| 46. |
- Halldin Stenlid, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
On the Nature of the Cathodic Reaction during Corrosion of Copper in Anoxic Sulfide Solutions
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Journal of the Electrochemical Society. - : The Electrochemical Society. - 0013-4651 .- 1945-7111. ; 166:6, s. C196-C208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sulfide-induced corrosion is expected to be the dominating long-term corrosion process for copper containers in technical concepts for deep geological disposal of spent nuclear fuel (SNF), adapted in several waste management programs around the world. The present study investigates the atomic-scale mechanism of the cathode side of the corrosion reaction using Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. Despite the central role of the reaction, neither the site of reaction nor the active species has been previously established. Here we compare the cathodic reaction leading to H-2-evolution on pure copper and on chalcocite (Cu2S) surfaces. The considered H-donors are OH-/H2O and HS-/H2S which are all available at the neutral to alkaline conditions anticipated at the SNF disposal sites. Assuming Volmer-Tafel-Heyrovsky kinetics, we find that the cathodic reactions are many orders of magnitude faster on copper compared to copper sulfide. Although we find that HS-/H2S have lower reaction barriers than H2O, our kinetic analysis suggest that H2O is expected to be the main H-source for the cathodic reaction under SNF repository conditions as results of the low sulfide concentrations (less than or similar to 10 mu M) expected in SNF repositories in Sweden, Finland and Canada.
|
|
| 47. |
- Halldin Stenlid, Joakim, et al.
(författare)
-
Properties of interfaces between copper and copper sulphide/oxide films
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Corrosion Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0010-938X .- 1879-0496. ; 183
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We compare different means of predicting and rationalizing properties of corrosion films aiming at gaining deeper understanding of the behaviour of copper in aqueous and sulphide-containing environments. Purely geometrical tools ranging from mean bulk information to anisotropic and facet-specific approaches are discussed, and their performances compared against DFT-based stability and property evaluations of a range of interfaces arising from combining low-index crystallographic planes of the compounds Cu, Cu2O, and Cu2S. We demonstrate the necessity to consider facet-specific interactions to understand nanolevel differences between Cu2S and Cu2O film behaviour, and that thin films cannot be directly described by bulk properties.
|
|
| 48. |
- Harada, Y., et al.
(författare)
-
Probing the OH Stretch in Different Local Environments in Liquid Water
- 2017
-
Ingår i: The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1948-7185. ; 8:22, s. 5487-5491
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We use resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) to resolve vibrational losses corresponding to the OH stretch where the X-ray absorption process allows us to selectively probe different structural subensembles in liquid water. The results point to a unified interpretation of X-ray and vibrational spectroscopic data in line with a picture of two classes of structural environments in the liquid at ambient conditions with predominantly close-packed high-density liquid (HDL) and occasional local fluctuations into strongly tetrahedral low-density liquid (LDL).
|
|
| 49. |
- Harada, Yoshihisa, et al.
(författare)
-
Selective Probing of the OH or OD Stretch Vibration in Liquid Water Using Resonant Inelastic Soft-X-Ray Scattering
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Physical Review Letters. - 0031-9007 .- 1079-7114. ; 111:19, s. 193001-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-resolution O 1s resonant inelastic x-ray scattering spectra of liquid H2O, D2O, and HDO, obtained by excitation near the preedge resonance show, in the elastic line region, well-separated multiple vibrational structures corresponding to the internal OH stretch vibration in the ground state of water. The energy of the first-order vibrational excitation is strongly blueshifted with respect to the main band in the infrared or Raman spectra of water, indicating that water molecules with a highly weakened or broken donating hydrogen bond are correlated with the preedge structure in the x-ray absorption spectrum. The vibrational profile of preedge excited HDO water is well fitted with 50% +/- 20% greater OH-stretch contribution compared to OD, which strongly supports a preference for OH being the weakened or broken H-bond in agreement with the well-known picture that D2O makes stronger H-bonds than H2O. Accompanying path-integral molecular dynamics simulations show that this is particularly the case for strongly asymmetrically H-bonded molecules, i.e., those that are selected by preedge excitation.
|
|
| 50. |
- Hedström, Svante, et al.
(författare)
-
Photodriven CO dimerization on Cu2O from an electronic-structure perspective
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Sustainable Energy & Fuels. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2398-4902. ; 4:2, s. 670-677
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Electrochemically driven CO2 reduction into alcohols and hydrocarbons is a topic of intense study. Photocatalytic approaches, which instead are powered by light, are also reported, but these generally rely on two-component catalysts and yield only moderately reduced products with a single carbon atom. In this report, we use density functional theory, including its linear-response time-dependent implementation, to investigate the feasibility of photocatalytically driving the dimerization of CO chemisorbed on Cu2O, a crucial step in the chemical conversion of CO2 into C-2 products, such as ethanol and ethylene. We find that CO dimerization into OCCO is greatly aided by the photoinduced population of a low-lying LUMO that is bonding with respect to the C-C bond of two adjacently chemisorbed CO molecules.
|
|
