| 1. |
- Arndt, D. S., et al.
(författare)
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STATE OF THE CLIMATE IN 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: Bulletin of The American Meteorological Society - (BAMS). - : American Meteorological Society. - 0003-0007 .- 1520-0477. ; 99:8, s. S1-S310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Home, Philip D., et al.
(författare)
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Three-year data from 5 HARMONY phase 3 clinical trials of albiglutide in type 2 diabetes mellitus : Long-term efficacy with or without rescue therapy
- 2017
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Ingår i: Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-8227. ; 131, s. 49-60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims Diabetes therapies that provide durable glycaemic control for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are needed. We present efficacy results of albiglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, in people with T2DM over a 3-year period. Methods Five of the 8 HARMONY phase 3 trials, comparing albiglutide with other therapies or placebo across a spectrum of clinical care, lasted for a preplanned 3 years. Participants with uncontrolled hyperglycaemia who met predetermined criteria could receive rescue medication. The ability to remain on study medication without needing additional rescue was an efficacy measure. Glycaemic measures and body weight were analysed in 2 populations: those who remained rescue-free and all participants. Results Participants (n = 3132) were randomised to albiglutide or comparator. A greater proportion of participants who received albiglutide remained rescue-free (55–71%) compared with placebo (35–51%; p < 0.001 to p = 0.002). The proportion of rescue-free participants with albiglutide did not differ from glimepiride or insulin glargine, was higher than with sitagliptin (p = 0.013), and lower than with pioglitazone (p = 0.045). At 3 years, albiglutide was associated with clinically significant reductions in hyperglycaemia (eg, rescue-free participants: HbA1c −0.52% [SE0.11] to −0.98% [0.12]; −5.7 mmol/mol [1.2] to −10.7 mmol/mol [1.3] and all participants: HbA1c −0.29% [0.11] to − 0.92% [0.13]; −3.2 mmol/mol [1.2] to −10.1 mmol/mol [1.4]). Albiglutide was also associated with modest reductions in body weight vs pioglitazone, glimepiride, and insulin glargine, which were associated with weight gain. Conclusion These 3-year efficacy data support long-term use of albiglutide in the management of people with T2DM. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00849056, NCT00849017, NCT00838903, NCT00838916, NCT00839527.
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| 4. |
- Ikram, M. Arfan, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants at 6q22 and 17q21 are associated with intracranial volume
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:5, s. 539-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- During aging, intracranial volume remains unchanged and represents maximally attained brain size, while various interacting biological phenomena lead to brain volume loss. Consequently, intracranial volume and brain volume in late life reflect different genetic influences. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) in 8,175 community-dwelling elderly persons did not reveal any associations at genome-wide significance (P < 5 x 10(-8)) for brain volume. In contrast, intracranial volume was significantly associated with two loci: rs4273712 (P = 3.4 x 10(-11)), a known height-associated locus on chromosome 6q22, and rs9915547 (P = 1.5 x 10(-12)), localized to the inversion on chromosome 17q21. We replicated the associations of these loci with intracranial volume in a separate sample of 1,752 elderly persons (P = 1.1 x 10(-3) for 6q22 and 1.2 x 10(-3) for 17q21). Furthermore, we also found suggestive associations of the 17q21 locus with head circumference in 10,768 children (mean age of 14.5 months). Our data identify two loci associated with head size, with the inversion at 17q21 also likely to be involved in attaining maximal brain size.
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| 5. |
- Taal, H. Rob, et al.
(författare)
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Common variants at 12q15 and 12q24 are associated with infant head circumference
- 2012
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1061-4036 .- 1546-1718. ; 44:5, s. 532-538
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify genetic variants associated with head circumference in infancy, we performed a meta-analysis of seven genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (N = 10,768 individuals of European ancestry enrolled in pregnancy and/or birth cohorts) and followed up three lead signals in six replication studies (combined N = 19,089). rs7980687 on chromosome 12q24 (P = 8.1 x 10(-9)) and rs1042725 on chromosome 12q15 (P = 2.8 x 10(-10)) were robustly associated with head circumference in infancy. Although these loci have previously been associated with adult height(1), their effects on infant head circumference were largely independent of height (P = 3.8 x 10(-7) for rs7980687 and P = 1.3 x 10(-7) for rs1042725 after adjustment for infant height). A third signal, rs11655470 on chromosome 17q21, showed suggestive evidence of association with head circumference (P = 3.9 x 10(-6)). SNPs correlated to the 17q21 signal have shown genome-wide association with adult intracranial volume(2), Parkinson's disease and other neurodegenerative diseases(3-5), indicating that a common genetic variant in this region might link early brain growth with neurological disease in later life.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Albert, N.M., et al.
(författare)
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Exercise Factors Associated with 1-Year Mortality in Ambulatory Patients with Heart Failure
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of cardiac failure. - 1071-9164 .- 1532-8414. ; 19:8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: In prior research no differences have been found in 1-year mortality in pts with HF who participated in exercise interventions vs usual care. In HF-ACTION, over half of exercise pts were not fully adherent to the exercise intervention, even early into the trial. Understanding associations of exercise-related factors and 1-year mortality might lead to new interventions that promote exercise adherence. Methods. Using a prospective, correlational design, out-pts with chronic HF from 6 clinics completed questionnaires on demographics, comorbidites, and factors thought to be important in exercise capability and adherence (fatigue, depression, functional status, knowledge about exercise expectations, value of exercise, barriers/benefits of exercise, and exercise self-efficacy). Investigators provided 1-year survival data. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test for significance of the effects of variables of interest on survival. P-values for estimates of comparisons of hazard within levels of categorical variables were from tests based on z-statistics. If more than 2 categories, multiple comparisons were made to test for differences in the hazard ratios between each pair of categories. Continuous variables were categorized using cut scores. Results. Of the cohort of 492 pts (mean (SD) age 63 (± 13.6) yrs; LVEF 34.9% (± 14.8%); BMI 29.3 (± 6.73) kg/ml/m2; 40.3% ; male, 64.8%; Caucasian, 76.2%; married, 58.9%; NYHA-FC III/IV, 30.9%) 21 (4.2%) died within 1 year after enrollment. Only 46% reported exercising at a moderate-vigorous level. Pt characteristics associated with mortality were older age (p=0.037), no one to confide in (p=0.046) and NYHA-FC (p=0.001). Of exercise factors, mortality was reduced in pts with higher knowledge about exercise expectations (p=0.019), higher value for being active (p=0.002) and exercising (p=0.007), longer 6MWT distance (p=0.005), higher exercise self-efficacy (p=0.033) and reports of exercising at a moderate-vigorous level compared with no-infrequent exercise patterns (p=0.036). Conclusion. Among stable, out-pts with HF, many exercise-related factors were associated with 1-year mortality. Healthcare providers need to clearly communicate the value of exercise, explain details of moderate-vigorous exercise expectations and develop processes to increase self-efficacy for exercise to promote moderate-vigorous exercise behaviors and ongoing adherence to exercise.
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| 8. |
- Awano, Tomoyuki, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association analysis reveals a SOD1 mutation in canine degenerative myelopathy that resembles amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 106:8, s. 2794-2799
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Canine degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease prevalent in several dog breeds. Typically, the initial progressive upper motor neuron spastic and general proprioceptive ataxia in the pelvic limbs occurs at 8 years of age or older. If euthanasia is delayed, the clinical signs will ascend, causing flaccid tetraparesis and other lower motor neuron signs. DNA samples from 38 DM-affected Pembroke Welsh corgi cases and 17 related clinically normal controls were used for genome-wide association mapping, which produced the strongest associations with markers on CFA31 in a region containing the canine SOD1 gene. SOD1 was considered a regional candidate gene because mutations in human SOD1 can cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), an adult-onset fatal paralytic neurodegenerative disease with both upper and lower motor neuron involvement. The resequencing of SOD1 in normal and affected dogs revealed a G to A transition, resulting in an E40K missense mutation. Homozygosity for the A allele was associated with DM in 5 dog breeds: Pembroke Welsh corgi, Boxer, Rhodesian ridgeback, German Shepherd dog, and Chesapeake Bay retriever. Microscopic examination of spinal cords from affected dogs revealed myelin and axon loss affecting the lateral white matter and neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions that bind anti-superoxide dismutase 1 antibodies. These inclusions are similar to those seen in spinal cord sections from ALS patients with SOD1 mutations. Our findings identify canine DM to be the first recognized spontaneously occurring animal model for ALS.
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| 9. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
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Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome
- 2017
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 40:11, s. 2265-2278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic, low intensity herbivory by invertebrates, termed background herbivory, has been understudied in tundra, yet its impacts are likely to increase in a warmer Arctic. The magnitude of these changes is however hard to predict as we know little about the drivers of current levels of invertebrate herbivory in tundra. We assessed the intensity of invertebrate herbivory on a common tundra plant, the dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex), and investigated its relationship to latitude and climate across the tundra biome. Leaf damage by defoliating, mining and gall-forming invertebrates was measured in samples collected from 192 sites at 56 locations. Our results indicate that invertebrate herbivory is nearly ubiquitous across the tundra biome but occurs at low intensity. On average, invertebrates damaged 11.2% of the leaves and removed 1.4% of total leaf area. The damage was mainly caused by external leaf feeders, and most damaged leaves were only slightly affected (12% leaf area lost). Foliar damage was consistently positively correlated with mid-summer (July) temperature and, to a lesser extent, precipitation in the year of data collection, irrespective of latitude. Our models predict that, on average, foliar losses to invertebrates on dwarf birch are likely to increase by 6-7% over the current levels with a 1 degrees C increase in summer temperatures. Our results show that invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch is small in magnitude but given its prevalence and dependence on climatic variables, background invertebrate herbivory should be included in predictions of climate change impacts on tundra ecosystems.
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| 10. |
- Barrio, Isabel C., et al.
(författare)
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Publisher Correction to : Background invertebrate herbivory on dwarf birch (Betula glandulosa-nana complex) increases with temperature and precipitation across the tundra biome (vol 40, pg 2265, 2017)
- 2018
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Ingår i: Polar Biology. - : Springer. - 0722-4060 .- 1432-2056. ; 41:8, s. 1653-1654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The above mentioned article was originally scheduled for publication in the special issue on Ecology of Tundra Arthropods with guest editors Toke T. Hoye . Lauren E. Culler. Erroneously, the article was published in Polar Biology, Volume 40, Issue 11, November, 2017. The publisher sincerely apologizes to the guest editors and the authors for the inconvenience caused.
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| 11. |
- Eriksson, Andreas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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PROFiLE (Professional Literacy in English): a longitudinal study of the relationship between English as the medium of instruction and the development of professional English literacy
- 2015
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Ingår i: Integrating Content and Language in Higher Education (ICLHE 2015), 2-4 September, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In many European universities, English is today used as a medium of instruction. One of the reasons is that it is believed that using English as a medium of instruction (EMI) can develop students’ subject-specific knowledge of English. This knowledge is seen as an asset in the workplace and often presented as providing a competitive advantage supporting professional success. The design of many educational programmes shows that this knowledge is supposed to develop incidentally rather than through explicit instruction. Recent research has, however, offered reason to question the extent to which such incidental learning actually occurs (Pecorari et al., 2011, Shaw et al. 2010). In addition, little is known about what type of knowledge is developed in different educational contexts. The present paper reports on the preliminary findings of a project testing assumptions about the development of English-language skills in the EMI environment.This longitudinal study is following students from several master's programmes from the beginning of their degrees into the workplace, gathering a range of data including language test results, interviews and observations. The aim is to carry out a thorough analysis of proficiency levels, the development of English literacy, and the extent to which activities in the programs support the development of disciplinary discourse and workplace demands. The findings will be used to discuss and recommend measures for improved practice.Preliminary analysis of the data reveals several themes: evidence that teaching staff and students see use of English as opposed to the local language as both opportunity and disadvantage; a wide diversity of English proficiency levels in the English-medium classroom (as shown by results from four tests distributed to approximately 150 students); and significant differences across participating programmes in terms of the sorts of English-language proficiencies their students are believed to need in the workplace.
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| 12. |
- Friedlander, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical trials in recurrent ovarian cancer.
- 2011
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Ingår i: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. - : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. - 1048-891X .- 1525-1438. ; 21:4, s. 771-775
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The 4th Ovarian Cancer Consensus Conference of the Gynecologic Cancer InterGroup was held in Vancouver, Canada, in June 2010. Representatives of 23 cooperative research groups studying gynecologic cancers gathered to establish international consensus on issues critical to the conduct of large randomized trials. Group C, 1 of the 3 discussion groups, examined recurrent ovarian cancer, and we report the consensus reached regarding 4 questions. These included the following: (1) What is the role of cytoreductive surgery for recurrent ovarian cancer? (2) How do we define distinct patient populations in need of specific therapeutic approaches? (3) Should end points for trials with recurrent disease vary from those of first-line trials? (4) Is CA-125 progression alone sufficient for entry/eligibility into clinical trials?
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| 13. |
- Gretarsdottir, Solveig, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide association study identifies a sequence variant within the DAB2IP gene conferring susceptibility to abdominal aortic aneurysm
- 2010
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 42:8, s. 71-692
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We performed a genome-wide association study on 1,292 individuals with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and 30,503 controls from Iceland and The Netherlands, with a follow-up of top markers in up to 3,267 individuals with AAAs and 7,451 controls. The A allele of rs7025486 on 9q33 was found to associate with AAA, with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.21 and P = 4.6 x 10(-10). In tests for association with other vascular diseases, we found that rs7025486[A] is associated with early onset myocardial infarction (OR = 1.18, P = 3.1 x 10(-5)), peripheral arterial disease (OR = 1.14, P = 3.9 x 10(-5)) and pulmonary embolism (OR = 1.20, P = 0.00030), but not with intracranial aneurysm or ischemic stroke. No association was observed between rs7025486[A] and common risk factors for arterial and venous diseases-that is, smoking, lipid levels, obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Rs7025486 is located within DAB2IP, which encodes an inhibitor of cell growth and survival.
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| 14. |
- Hibar, Derrek P., et al.
(författare)
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Novel genetic loci associated with hippocampal volume
- 2017
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The hippocampal formation is a brain structure integrally involved in episodic memory, spatial navigation, cognition and stress responsiveness. Structural abnormalities in hippocampal volume and shape are found in several common neuropsychiatric disorders. To identify the genetic underpinnings of hippocampal structure here we perform a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 33,536 individuals and discover six independent loci significantly associated with hippocampal volume, four of them novel. Of the novel loci, three lie within genes (ASTN2, DPP4 and MAST4) and one is found 200 kb upstream of SHH. A hippocampal subfield analysis shows that a locus within the MSRB3 gene shows evidence of a localized effect along the dentate gyrus, subiculum, CA1 and fissure. Further, we show that genetic variants associated with decreased hippocampal volume are also associated with increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (r(g) = -0.155). Our findings suggest novel biological pathways through which human genetic variation influences hippocampal volume and risk for neuropsychiatric illness.
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| 15. |
- Hudson, Lawrence N, et al.
(författare)
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The database of the PREDICTS (Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems) project
- 2017
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Ingår i: Ecology and Evolution. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 2045-7758. ; 7:1, s. 145-188
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The PREDICTS project-Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)-has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
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| 16. |
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| 17. |
- Irvine, Aileen, et al.
(författare)
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To what extent do L2 students in UK Higher Education acquire academic and subject-specific vocabulary incidentally?
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Across the UK hundreds of thousands of international students pursue a higher degree through the medium of L2 English, attending the same lectures and reading the same texts as their L1 counterparts. Although most of these international students will have initially passed through some form of English language proficiency gate-keeping exercise (such as minimum required IELTS scores), little allowance may be made thereafter for possible gaps in necessary vocabulary knowledge. Thus, L2 students may be implicitly assumed either to have sufficient working knowledge of the required vocabulary, or to be able to “pick up” this vocabulary knowledge incidentally during the course of their studies.This paper explores whether the Academic Word List (AWL) and subject-specific vocabulary knowledge of L2 undergraduates taking a degree in Biology at a UK university is, in fact, comparable to that of their L1 counterparts. Results from a vocabulary test administered in the third week of Semester 1 of the first year of studies indicated a relatively substantial gap between the levels of vocabulary knowledge of L1 and L2 students. This gap was particularly apparent in knowledge of lower-frequency AWL vocabulary. A post-test was administered 28 weeks later, towards the end of the students’ first year at university. This paper will report on the results of the post-test and discuss to what extent this previously perceived linguistic “gap” between L1 and L2 students may have increased or decreased. The paper will also outline a follow-up investigation into the ways in which L2 students deal with unknown vocabulary encountered during the course of their undergraduate degree studies.
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
- Loza, M. J., et al.
(författare)
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Validated and longitudinally stable asthma phenotypes based on cluster analysis of the ADEPT study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Respiratory Research. - : Springer Nature. - 1465-9921 .- 1465-993X. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Asthma is a disease of varying severity and differing disease mechanisms. To date, studies aimed at stratifying asthma into clinically useful phenotypes have produced a number of phenotypes that have yet to be assessed for stability and to be validated in independent cohorts. The aim of this study was to define and validate, for the first time ever, clinically driven asthma phenotypes using two independent, severe asthma cohorts: ADEPT and U-BIOPRED. Methods: Fuzzy partition-around-medoid clustering was performed on pre-specified data from the ADEPT participants (n = 156) and independently on data from a subset of U-BIOPRED asthma participants (n = 82) for whom the same variables were available. Models for cluster classification probabilities were derived and applied to the 12-month longitudinal ADEPT data and to a larger subset of the U-BIOPRED asthma dataset (n = 397). High and low type-2 inflammation phenotypes were defined as high or low Th2 activity, indicated by endobronchial biopsies gene expression changes downstream of IL-4 or IL-13. Results: Four phenotypes were identified in the ADEPT (training) cohort, with distinct clinical and biomarker profiles. Phenotype 1 was "mild, good lung function, early onset", with a low-inflammatory, predominantly Type-2, phenotype. Phenotype 2 had a "moderate, hyper-responsive, eosinophilic" phenotype, with moderate asthma control, mild airflow obstruction and predominant Type-2 inflammation. Phenotype 3 had a "mixed severity, predominantly fixed obstructive, non-eosinophilic and neutrophilic" phenotype, with moderate asthma control and low Type-2 inflammation. Phenotype 4 had a "severe uncontrolled, severe reversible obstruction, mixed granulocytic" phenotype, with moderate Type-2 inflammation. These phenotypes had good longitudinal stability in the ADEPT cohort. They were reproduced and demonstrated high classification probability in two subsets of the U-BIOPRED asthma cohort. Conclusions: Focusing on the biology of the four clinical independently-validated easy-to-assess ADEPT asthma phenotypes will help understanding the unmet need and will aid in developing tailored therapies. Trial registration:NCT01274507(ADEPT), registered October 28, 2010 and NCT01982162(U-BIOPRED), registered October 30, 2013.
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| 22. |
- Malmström, Hans, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Engaging with terminology in the multilingual classroom : Teachers' practices for bridging the gap between L1 lectures and English reading
- 2017
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Ingår i: Classroom Discourse. - : Routledge. - 1946-3014 .- 1946-3022. ; 8:1, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In some academic settings where English is not the first language it is nonetheless common for reading to be assigned in English, and the expectation is often that students will acquire subject terminology incidentally in the first language as well as in English as a result of listening and reading. It is then a prerequisite that students notice and engage with terminology in both languages. To this end, teachers’ classroom practices for making students attend to and engage with terms are crucial for furthering students’ vocabulary competence in two languages. Using transcribed video recordings of eight undergraduate lectures from two universities in such a setting, this paper provides a comprehensive picture of what teachers ‘do’ with terminology during a lecture, i.e. how terms are allowed to feature in the classroom discourse. It is established, for example, that teachers nearly always employ some sort of emphatic practice when using a term in a lecture. However, the repertoire of such practices is limited. Further, teachers rarely adapt their repertoires to cater to the special needs arguably required in these settings, or to exploit the affordances of multilingual environments.
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| 23. |
- Malmström, Hans, et al.
(författare)
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Engaging with terminology in the parallel-language classroom : Teachers' practices for bridging the gap between L1 and English
- 2016
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Ingår i: ASLA-symposiet 2016.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In settings in which English is used as a medium of instruction (EMI) in parallel with another language, a common expectation is that students will acquire subject terminology incidentally in the L1 as well as in English as a result of listening and reading. It is then a prerequisite that students notice and engage with terminology in both languages. To this end, teachers’ classroom practices for making students attend to and engage with terms are crucial for furthering students’ vocabulary competence in two languages. Using transcribed video recordings of a sample of lectures from two courses in a partial EMI setting, in which the lectures were in Swedish and the textbooks were in English, this paper will present a comprehensive picture of what teachers ‘do’ with terminology during a lecture, i.e., how terms are allowed to feature in the classroom discourse. It is established, for example, that teachers nearly always employ some sort of emphatic practice when using a term in a lecture. However, the repertoire of such practices is limited. Further, teachers rarely adapt their repertoires to cater to the special needs arguably required in partial EMI settings, or to exploit the affordances of these learning environments.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Malmström, Hans, 1980, et al.
(författare)
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Words for what? Contrasting university students’ receptive and productive academic vocabulary needs
- 2018
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Ingår i: English for Specific Purposes. - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-4906 .- 1873-1937. ; 50, s. 28-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With the objective of determining what academic vocabulary students use productively, and exploring the relationship between receptive and productive academic vocabulary, this paper continues the dialog on what constitutes academic vocabulary. By adopting a set of principled criteria (ratio, dispersion, discipline specificity and range) and by approximating the procedures from a recent study of academic vocabulary, the academic vocabulary found in students' writing is identified and subsequently compared to the academic vocabulary found in published academic writing (indexical of receptive purposes). Nearly 600 words emerge as being represented significantly more frequently in students' academic writing than in their non-academic writing, demonstrating that students distinguish in their writing between academic and non-academic vocabulary. Furthermore, the investigation finds significant differences between students' productive academic vocabulary and academic vocabulary serving receptive purposes, suggesting that students' productive and receptive academic vocabulary needs are far from identical. The findings reported here are intended to serve as a tool for EAP educators working to help students develop academic vocabulary fit for purpose, as well as an incentive for EAP researchers to continue to explore the nature of academic vocabulary.
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| 27. |
- McDevitt, Michael R., et al.
(författare)
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Feed-forward alpha particle radiotherapy ablates androgen receptor-addicted prostate cancer
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 9:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human kallikrein peptidase 2 (hK2) is a prostate specific enzyme whose expression is governed by the androgen receptor (AR). AR is the central oncogenic driver of prostate cancer (PCa) and is also a key regulator of DNA repair in cancer. We report an innovative therapeutic strategy that exploits the hormone-DNA repair circuit to enable molecularly-specific alpha particle irradiation of PCa. Alpha-particle irradiation of PCa is prompted by molecularly specific-targeting and internalization of the humanized monoclonal antibody hu11B6 targeting hK2 and further accelerated by inherent DNA-repair that up-regulate hK2 (KLK2) expression in vivo. hu11B6 demonstrates exquisite targeting specificity for KLK2. A single administration of actinium-225 labeled hu11B6 eradicates disease and significantly prolongs survival in animal models. DNA damage arising from alpha particle irradiation induces AR and subsequently KLK2, generating a unique feed-forward mechanism, which increases binding of hu11B6. Imaging data in nonhuman primates support the possibility of utilizing hu11B6 in man.
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| 28. |
- Mežek, Špela, 1982-
(författare)
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Advanced Second-Language Reading and Vocabulary Learning in the Parallel-Language University
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Due to the internationalisation of higher education, the use of English at higher education institutions has become widespread. Today an increasing number of students participate in courses with the local language as medium of instruction but with textbooks in English. These have been called parallel-language courses, because they are expected to facilitate learning disciplinary discourse in two languages: the local language and English.This thesis reports an exploration of Swedish students' reading and learning from English textbooks in parallel-language courses. The overarching aim was to investigate the relationship between the students' Swedish and English reading habits and reading proficiency, their academic biliteracy, and incidental learning of subject-specific terminology in English from reading. The study also set out to identify pedagogical solutions to facilitate students' reading and learning from reading in English.The investigation comprised four studies which utilised a variety of methods and approaches, both qualitative and quantitative. Participants were Swedish and British students of biology and Swedish students of English.The results show that many Swedish students are capable of reading and learning from texts in Swedish and English without experiencing serious difficulties, although additional support is required for the learning of English terminology. The findings also indicate that some students' difficulty when reading in English is not due to poor English language proficiency, but rather a range of other factors such as weak general literacy skills, low motivation, low subject and vocabulary knowledge, note-taking strategies, slow reading speed, and time. For some students, learning is also rendered difficult by their self-perceptions and beliefs about reading and learning.Based on my findings, I propose a range of practices for EAP and subject teachers to adopt in order to improve reading and learning in parallel-language courses.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Mežek, Špela, et al.
(författare)
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Learning subject-specific L2 terminology : The effect of medium and order of exposure
- 2015
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Ingår i: English for specific purposes (New York, N.Y.). - : Elsevier BV. - 0889-4906 .- 1873-1937. ; 38, s. 57-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the globalised university environment, many university students are expected to learn subject-specific terminology in both the local language and the L2 (English) by learning from two media in two different languages: lectures in the local language and reading in L2 English. These students' bilingual learning is greatly affected by the learning strategies they employ. An experiment was designed to investigate the effects of student choice of learning media and the order of media on their learning and perception of learning of terminology in English. The results confirm that added exposure to terminology in different media, even in different languages, contributes to learning and show that, in some circumstances, learning terminology from reading may be more effective than learning it from a lecture. The results also show that students do not correctly judge their knowledge of terms learnt from different media in different languages and that they underestimate knowledge gained from reading in L2. Implications for teaching are discussed.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Nene, Vishvanath, et al.
(författare)
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Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Science (New York, N.Y.). - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 316:5832, s. 1718-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a draft sequence of the genome of Aedes aegypti, the primary vector for yellow fever and dengue fever, which at approximately 1376 million base pairs is about 5 times the size of the genome of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae. Nearly 50% of the Ae. aegypti genome consists of transposable elements. These contribute to a factor of approximately 4 to 6 increase in average gene length and in sizes of intergenic regions relative to An. gambiae and Drosophila melanogaster. Nonetheless, chromosomal synteny is generally maintained among all three insects, although conservation of orthologous gene order is higher (by a factor of approximately 2) between the mosquito species than between either of them and the fruit fly. An increase in genes encoding odorant binding, cytochrome P450, and cuticle domains relative to An. gambiae suggests that members of these protein families underpin some of the biological differences between the two mosquito species.
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| 33. |
- Nicolas, Aude, et al.
(författare)
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Genome-wide Analyses Identify KIF5A as a Novel ALS Gene
- 2018
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Ingår i: Neuron. - : Cell Press. - 0896-6273 .- 1097-4199. ; 97:6, s. 1268-1283.e6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To identify novel genes associated with ALS, we undertook two lines of investigation. We carried out a genome-wide association study comparing 20,806 ALS cases and 59,804 controls. Independently, we performed a rare variant burden analysis comparing 1,138 index familial ALS cases and 19,494 controls. Through both approaches, we identified kinesin family member 5A (KIF5A) as a novel gene associated with ALS. Interestingly, mutations predominantly in the N-terminal motor domain of KIF5A are causative for two neurodegenerative diseases: hereditary spastic paraplegia (SPG10) and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 (CMT2). In contrast, ALS-associated mutations are primarily located at the C-terminal cargo-binding tail domain and patients harboring loss-of-function mutations displayed an extended survival relative to typical ALS cases. Taken together, these results broaden the phenotype spectrum resulting from mutations in KIF5A and strengthen the role of cytoskeletal defects in the pathogenesis of ALS.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Pecorari, Diane, et al.
(författare)
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Developing a New Academic Vocabulary Test
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of English for Academic Purposes. - : Elsevier BV. - 1475-1585 .- 1878-1497. ; 39, s. 59-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the central role of vocabulary in language learning, and the increasing interest in academic vocabulary, materials for testing academic vocabulary are not common. This paper reports on the development of a new test of academic vocabulary. Test items were based on a relatively recently developed list of academic vocabulary. They were then piloted, refined, and two comparable forms of the test were produced. The paper describes the approaches used to assess the validity and equivalence of the two forms of the test. Research and pedagogical implications and uses of the test are discussed. Full text available: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1475158518303126
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
- Pecorari, Diane, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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English for Academic Purposes at Swedish universities: Teachers' objectives and practices
- 2011
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Ingår i: Iberica. - 2340-2784 .- 1139-7241. ; :22, s. 55-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a parallel-language environment the use of textbooks in English in courses otherwise in the local language is naturalized and not widely discussed or questioned. The aim of this study was to elicit the attitudes and syllabus infrastructure that underlie the practice. A large-scale survey was carried out and answers were obtained from over 20% of teachers at Swedish universities. Results confirmed that a majority regarded English as important during and/or after university studies and showed that they considered the use of English-language textbooks as providing a useful opportunity for incidental language learning. In strong contrast to the Situation in a content and language integrated learning environment, only a small minority of courses were reported to have any specified learning outcome related to English. Open answers showed awareness of the benefits and risks of parallel-language practices, but no interest in making aims explicit. In our view, there is no contradiction between incidental learning and explicit aims, and course aims which remain implicit make rational planning and constructive alignment more difficult. They also inhibit discussion of appropriate methodology.
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| 38. |
- Pecorari, Diane, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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English Textbooks in Parallel-Language Tertiary Education
- 2011
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Ingår i: TESOL quarterly (Print). - : Wiley. - 0039-8322 .- 1545-7249. ; 45:2, s. 313-333
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tertiary education in many countries is increasingly bilingual, with English used in parallel with the national language, particularly as a reading language. This article describes the results of a survey of student attitudes toward, and reading practices regarding, English language textbooks. Over 1,000 students at three Swedish universities responded to a questionnaire asking about their experiences with English textbooks. Textbooks written in English were generally unpopular, and the perception was widespread that they placed a greater burden on students. However, respondents were divided about whether their reading behavior and their learning outcomes were affected by having a textbook in English, and about whether English texts were desirable. The findings of this study have implications for teaching practices in contexts in which students are asked to read, or are being prepared to read, in a second language. Implications for the English as a foreign language or English as a second language classroom are discussed.
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Pecorari, Diane, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Intertextuality in academic and non-academic texts : What are the sources and outcomes for EAP writers?
- 2013
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Intertextuality in its broadest sense—the relationship between two texts—is a pervasive feature of academic writing, as manifested by features such as citations to earlier texts and the sets of features such as structure and organisation which are shared by texts in a given genre and/or academic discipline. Many of the intertextual features of academic writing, such as the choice of reporting verb and verb form, have been thoroughly researched and described (e.g., Charles, 2006; Shaw, 1992). Much is also know about a specific, highly problematic form of intertextuality: plagiarism (e.g., Pecorari & Shaw, 2012). However, less attention has been given to the ways in which novice academic writers become aware of conventional intertextual practices, and less still to the transferability of this feature to writing in the workplace. This paper will present the results of a corpus-based investigation of intertextuality in two domains: the leisure-time reading which lower-division undergraduates do, and a common workplace genre. By triangulating the results from these two corpora with existing findings about the intertextual features of academic texts it will be possible to describe the extent to which these features overlap with, or diverge from, each other. This will thus provide an indication of the features which can reasonably be expected to transfer from one domain to another, and which cannot, and should therefore be the subject of explicit instruction in the English for Specific Academic Purposes classroom.
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Pecorari, Diane, et al.
(författare)
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Reading in tertiary education : Undergraduate student practices and attitudes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Quality in Higher Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1353-8322 .- 1470-1081. ; 18:2, s. 235-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports the findings of a study of undergraduate student use of, and attitudes toward, textbooks and other assigned reading. More than 1200 students of various subjects at three Swedish universities were surveyed. Most students said reading played an important role in learning generally and attributed positive characteristics to their textbooks. However, students’ self-reported reading behaviour was at odds with these attitudes, with many students reporting some degree of non-compliance with reading assignments and a small group of students expressing active resistance to completing reading assignments. Although textbooks were perceived as valuable, students reported a preference for learning course content from other resources, such as lectures and lecture notes. Textbooks were perceived as alternatives, rather than complements, to attending class. Differences were found across academic disciplines. Implications of these findings for educational administration and classroom practice are discussed.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Pecorari, Diane, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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So what should we do?
- 2018
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Ingår i: Student Plagiarism in Higher Education. - London : Routledge. - 9781138055162 - 9781315166148 ; , s. 157-168
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This conclusion presents some closing thoughts on the concepts covered in the preceding chapters of this book. The book have suggested many possible ways in which appropriate intertextuality can be fostered in higher education. Plagiarism enters a teacher's field of vision as a distraction. The everyday tasks of planning and delivering instruction and assessing its outcomes have to be put on hold while the plagiarism is dealt with. University teachers are frequently concerned that their students should be able to produce writing of high quality. The demands of the academic discipline, the teaching context, the size of the student group and many other factors affect the nature of assessment writing tasks. Students are often extremely worried about the formatting of references, with their attention focused on commas and italics. Automated plagiarism detection is something many teachers would like to see because the task of identifying plagiarism in a large number of texts is both laborious and haphazard.
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| 48. |
- Pecorari, Diane, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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So what should we do?
- 2019
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Ingår i: Student Plagiarism in Higher Education. - : Routledge. - 9781138055155 - 9781315166148 ; , s. 157-168
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Pecorari, Diane, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Types of student intertextuality and faculty attitudes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of second language writing. - : Elsevier BV. - 1060-3743 .- 1873-1422. ; 21:2, s. 149-164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intertextuality is a prominent feature of academic writing, and the ability to use sources effectively and appropriately is an essential skill which novice writers must acquire. It is also a complex skill, and student performance is not always successful. It is presumably beneficial for students to receive consistent messages about what source use is and is not appropriate, but some evidence suggests that university teachers and other gatekeepers may fall short of this consistency. This paper reports the findings of semi-structured text-based interviews aimed at understanding the basis of teacher attitudes and responses to intertextuality in academic writing. Teachers who were asked to evaluate the same examples from student texts differed in their judgments about whether the examples were appropriate, and provided different types of explanation for their judgments. These explanations enable us to develop a four-part typology of intertextuality which allows analytic discussion of differing judgments. The implications both of the teacher judgments and of the typology for second language writing instruction are discussed and an assessment of the relevance of our findings for the theme of this special issue is provided.
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