| 1. |
- Abeysekera, John, et al.
(författare)
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Body sizes and other human factors differences between Swedish and foreign students in Swedish universities
- 1994
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Ingår i: Ergonomics for Quality Life. - : PPCOE. ; , s. 420-423
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Past studies have shown large differences in body size between people of Industrialized Countries (ICs) and Industrially Developing Countries (IDCs). These differences can have negative effects on the usage of technology which IDCs today acquire to a great extent from ICs. At the same time, the number of students from IDCs seeking education and training in universities in ICs is increasing. This paper reports on the impact of human factors differences particularly body size differences between foreign and local students on the use of university facilities, based on anthropometric and questionnaire surveys carried out on a small scale by foreign graduate students of Lulea University, Sweden. The study revealed large differences in body sizes between local and foreign students. The questionnaire survey of foreign students showed that there are other significant human factors differences such as the use of a foreign language, viz. Swedish which is unique to Scandinavia, and the exposure to long cold winters. Whether these differences in human factors influence the acquisition of knowledge or learning capacity of foreign students is worth further investigation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Bäckstrand, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Ergonomics analysis in a virtual environment
- 2007
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Ingår i: International Journal of Manufacturing Research. - : InderScience Publishers. - 1750-0591. ; 2:2, s. 198-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation can support the design of an ergonomic workplace by enabling early assessment of ergonomic conditions in a virtual environment. An important feature is the possibility to study alternative solutions or the effect of improvements from an ergonomics perspective. To be able to conduct an efficient and reliable evaluation in a virtual environment, an objective analysis method is essential. Such an analysis method should be integrated in the simulation software, and support a company's everyday ergonomics work process. In order to gain from existing ergonomics knowledge within a company, the possibility to implement such wisdom in the current simulation software becomes important. This paper presents an implementation work done with the purpose of integrating an established ergonomics work process into a virtual environment. It describes the benefits of an ergonomics work process where simulation and evaluation at early stages of a design process are key factors. The paper will also describe the integration process, i.e., the technical issues as well as the change in work methods.
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| 4. |
- Bäckstrand, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Ergonomics Analysis in a Virtual Environment
- 2006
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 23rd International Manufacturing Conference: IMC 23. - : University of Ulster. ; , s. 543-550
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation can support the design of an ergonomic workplace by enabling early assessment of ergonomic conditions in a virtual environment. An important feature is the possibility to study alternative solutions or the effect of improvements from an ergonomics perspective. To be able to conduct an efficient and reliable evaluation in a virtual environment, an objective analysis method is essential. Such an analysis method should be integrated in the simulation software, and support a company’s everyday ergonomics work process. In order to gain from existing ergonomics knowledge within accompany, the possibility to implement such wisdom in the current simulation software becomes important.This paper presents an implementation work done with the purpose of integrating an established ergonomics work process into a virtual environment. It describes the benefits of an ergonomics work process where simulation and evaluation at early stages of a design process are key factors. The paper will also describe the integration process, i.e. the technical issues as well as the change in work methods.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Piamonte, Dominic Paul T., et al.
(författare)
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Across the seas : a user-based evaluation of candidate telecommunication icons
- 1999
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This project aimed to evaluate candidate telecommunication graphical symbols (icons and pictograms) developed in the west by means of different memory tests. Prospective users from eastern (Asian) and western countries were used as subjects. A pilot studies in the Philippines and Sweden were initially done using three sets of twenty-three videophone symbols designed in Japan, USA and England. Cued response, subjective certainty and semantic differential tests were utilized. The succeeding studies utilized videophone symbols based on studies done by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). Three sets of seven videophone symbols from the ETSI study were tested among American and Asian subjects (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Sri Lanka), as well as an elderly group from Finland as special interest group. Overall, Asian subjects performed comparably well with the European and American subjects, preferring the same set of videophone symbols, but usually at the expense of more errors and confusions. However, tests with the elderly revealed an entirely different set of preferences and even failed to perform the free recall and semantic tests, strongly suggesting the need to have simpler and more practical tests for the elderly. These also implied the gravity of the problem that can occur if graphical symbols are introduced arbitrarily without considering the prospective users (e.g. the elderly) at the earliest design stages possible.
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| 9. |
- Piamonte, D. Paul T., et al.
(författare)
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An Empirical Evaluation of Videophone Symbols : An International Study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Human-computer interaction. - : IEEE Communications Society. ; , s. 798-802
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was part of an international project on evaluating telecommunication symbols. One of the major objectives was to test different graphical symbols (in this case, those of the videophone), designed and tested in Western Europe using subjects from different subject groups from Asia and the United States. The elderly as a special group was also included. The previous paper dealt with the study using subjects from five Southeast Asian countries. This paper discusses the results involving U.S. and Finnish elderly subjects and compares them with the Asian results.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Piamonte, D. Paul T., et al.
(författare)
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On the merits of using multiple indices in evaluating small graphical symbols
- 2000
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Ingår i: Ergonomics for the new Millenium. - : Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. - 0945289138 ; , s. 657-660
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advantages of using multiple indices in evaluating small graphical symbols were discussed. Prospective users from eastern (Asian) and western countries were used as subjects. Several tests were performed utilizing videophone symbols based on studies done by the Human Factors Technical Committee (HFTC) of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). The results show that using multiple indices helped reveal subtle but potentially important differences in the results between different cultural groups.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Piamonte, D. Paul T., et al.
(författare)
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Testing videophone graphical symbols in Southeast Asia
- 1999
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Ingår i: Human-computer interaction. - : IEEE Communications Society. ; , s. 793-797
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper aimed to study how symbols designed and tested in Europe fared among subjects from different countries in Southeast Asia. It was part of an international study on graphic symbols involving countries from Southeast Asia. Specifically, videotelephone symbols designed and tested by the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI) were evaluated using subjects from five Southeast Asian countries.
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| 15. |
- Piamonte, D. Paul T.
(författare)
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The relevance of error analysis in graphical symbols evaluation
- 1999
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Ingår i: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1080-3548 .- 2376-9130. ; 5:4, s. 513-528
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an increasing number of modern tools and devices, small graphical symbols appear simultaneously in sets as parts of the human-machine interfaces. The presence of each symbol can influence the other's recognizability and correct association to its intended referents. Thus, aside from correct associations, it is equally important to perform certain error analysis of the wrong answers, misses, confusions, and even lack of answers. This research aimed to show how such error analyses could be valuable in evaluating graphical symbols especially across potentially different user groups. The study tested 3 sets of icons representing 7 videophone functions. The methods involved parameters such as hits, confusions, missing values, and misses. The association tests showed similar hit rates of most symbols across the majority of the participant groups. However, exploring the error patterns helped detect differences in the graphical symbols' performances between participant groups, which otherwise seemed to have similar levels of recognition. These are very valuable not only in determining the symbols to be retained, replaced or re-designed, but also in formulating instructions and other aids in learning to use new products faster and more satisfactorily.
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| 16. |
- Piamonte, D. Paul T., et al.
(författare)
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Understanding small graphical symbols : a cross-cultural study
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 10th year anniversary of M. Sc. ergonomics. - Luleå : Luleå University of Technology. Department of Human Work Sciences. Division of Industrial Ergonomics. ; , s. 274-280
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 17. |
- Piamonte, Dominic Paul T.
(författare)
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Using multiple performance parameters in testing small graphical symbols
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The main objective of the study was to analyse the understanding of small graphical symbols (pictograms and icons) among different potential user groups around the world using different test indices or parameters. Pilot studies using videophone symbols designed in Japan, USA and England were initially done. The main study utilised videophone symbols studied by the Human Factors Technical Committee (HFTC) of the European Telecommunication Standards Institute (ETSI). Test subjects were from Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Finland, Sweden, and the USA. The four tests used yielded 10 parameters and used to compare symbol understanding of the different country groups. These were: (1-4) spontaneous identification and cued response hit rates and certainty ratings; 5) misses; 6) false alarms or confusions, 7) missing values; 8) individual symbol preference, 9) symbol set preference; and 10) semantic rating scales. Results from the free recall tests in all countries revealed very poor identification of most symbols in contrast to the cued response test results. In other cases when symbols were recognised for their intended meaning, they could still be easily confused as representing another (wrong) function. Overall, the results also showed the use of several parameters or indices are very helpful in understanding how different groups perceive symbols, as well as to help decide which ones to retain, re-design, or even replace.
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| 18. |
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