| 1. |
- Nilsson, Maria Skyvell, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Clinical Course Content As A Dynamic Variable In Supervision Of Medical Students
- 2010
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Ingår i: The Internet Journal of Medical Education. - 2155-6725. ; 1:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundDuring clinical supervision, medical students are expected to gain experience through clinical work, with the support of their clinical supervisor. What each supervisor chooses to emphasize and considers important will have a decisive impact on students’ understanding of what is content necessary to master in order to gain clinical skills. Therefore, in this study, the focus of attention is on what supervisors choose to emphasise during clinical supervision of fourth year medical students during a surgical course. MethodAn ethnographic approach was used, including a selective intermittent time mode, where observation and informal interviews were conducted. Twelve supervisors and nine medical students at a teaching hospital in Sweden participated. Field notes were made during observation; these were transcribed and analysed qualitatively. ResultsThe analysis resulted in six topic areas describing what was emphasized during supervision. The topic areas were: 1) Identifying, collecting and combining information, 2) Problem-solving and decision-making, 3) Handling treatment of disease, 4) Practical skills and illustration of technical equipment, 5) Communicating with patients, and 6) Handling organisational demands.ConclusionsThe findings of this study show the existence of several areas that are focused on in supervision. In authentic clinical situations, these topic areas were intertwined and overlapped and often appeared simultaneously. The clinical situations were adjusted neither to the students’ clinical experience nor to the needs of the students. Consequently, the students may find it difficult to determine what to learn and what to achieve during supervision. They may also find it difficult to understand the situations in the same way as their supervisors, because students focus on handling situations with a more theoretical and declarative approach to a larger extent than do their supervisors. The students therefore need supervisor support to develop and integrate theoretical knowledge. One conclusion that can be made is that supervisor awareness of students’ understanding is of crucial significance for the effective supervision. Regarding the nature of the content chosen in supervised situations, research in other settings and specialties would be required to map and to determine a more general theory of what is focused during medical supervision.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Campbell, Ann-Mari, et al.
(författare)
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Night duty as an opportunity for learning
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : Blackwell Publishing ltd. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 3:62(3), s. 346-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Carlson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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"This is nursing": Nursing roles as mediated by precepting nurses during clinical practice
- 2010
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Ingår i: NURSE EDUCATION TODAY. - : Elsevier. - 0260-6917 .- 1532-2793. ; 30:8, s. 763-767
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In nursing education, it has been argued that professional socialization is facilitated by clinical experiences where students work together with precepting nurses. However, few studies found have focused on how nurses think and act as preceptors, hence providing a base for professional socialization to occur. Therefore; this study aimed to describe how preceptors mediated nursing as a profession to undergraduate nursing students during clinical practice. This was an ethnographic study guided by symbolic interactionism. A purposeful sampling of 13 precepting nurses was observed during the field work period. In addition, 16 staff nurses, purposively selected, and experienced in precepting, participated in focus group interviews. All text from field notes and interviews were read as a whole and analyzed following the ethnographic approach. Findings illustrated how nursing was mediated as the medical–technical, the administrative, and the caring role. Preceptors aimed for professionalism in their students by teaching the students to reflect on what they can do independently as nurses. Preceptors strived to verbalise their practical knowledge to make theory explicit and contextualize to student nurses. This knowledge can guide implementation of preceptor programmes focusing on the meaning and implications of professionalism.
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| 6. |
- Carlson, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Time to precept: supportive and limiting conditions for precepting nurses.
- 2010
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF ADVANCED NURSING. - : Blackwell Munksgaard. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 66:2, s. 432-441
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. This paper is a report of a study describing conditions for precepting in a Swedish clinical context from the perspective of precepting nurses. Background. Clinical practice is a complex part of nursing education, and registered nurses who are acting as preceptors for nursing students face a number of challenges that need to be addressed during the precepting process. Method. An ethnographic approach guided by symbolic interactionism was used. Data were collected by participant observation and focus group interviews over a ten-month period in 2006–2007. Participants were selected by purposive sampling of 13 staff nurses who were preceptors during the field work period. In addition, 16 staff nurses, experienced in precepting, were purposively selected for four focus groups. Findings. Precepting was found to be a complex function for nurses, influenced by conditions that could be both supportive and limiting in nature. Three themes described these conditions: organization, comprising clinical responsibilities and routines; collaboration, focusing on professional relations and interactions; and the personal perspective, comprising preceptors’ experiences, need for feed back and notions of benefits. Time as a limiting condition reappeared through all categories. Conclusion. It is important to raise the issue of time and its impact on the precepting process. Precepting needs to be further discussed in terms of an integrated nursing competence prioritized by all stakeholders involved in clinical practice. Therefore; efforts should be made to plan nurses’ clinical work so that allocated time for precepting can be facilitated.
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| 7. |
- Dahlborg Lyckhage, Elisabeth, 1956-, et al.
(författare)
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Predominant discourses in Swedish nursing
- 2009
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Ingår i: Policy, Politics & Nursing Practice. - : SAGE Publications. - 1527-1544 .- 1552-7468. ; 10:2, s. 163-71
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to elucidate the predominant discourse in the field of Swedish nursing in 2000, 25 years after nursing was introduced as an academic discipline in Sweden. The method used was content analysis and deconstructive analysis of discourses. Laws, statutes, regulations, and examination requirements, including official reports, recruitment campaigns, and media coverage, were analyzed. The findings uncovered competing discourses striving to gain hegemony. In the public sector, official requirements competed against the media fixation on gender stereotypes and the realities of local recruitment campaigns. Media has a major role in disseminating prevailing conceptions and conventions pertaining to the nursing profession. As a result, decision makers, students, patients, and family members could get lower expectations of the professional competence of nursing practitioners than would otherwise have been the case in the absence of media exposure.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Jansson, Inger, 1964-, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of documented nursing care plans by the use of nursing-sensitive outcome indicators
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Evaluation In Clinical Practice. - Oxford : Blackwell Publishing. - 1356-1294 .- 1365-2753. ; 16:3, s. 611-618
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract Rationale and aim: There is a lack of evidence that nursing care plans affect patient outcomes. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether documented nursing care plans affect patient outcomes by the use of nursing-sensitive outcome indicators. Method: A retrospective, cross-sectional design with patients surveyed at time of discharge from two hospital units for patients with stroke and after 2-3 weeks at home. The control unit (A) did not employ care plans. The intervention unit (B) used care plans on a daily basis. Outcome was measured by 'the National Stroke Register' and the two questionnaires: 'Quality of patients' perspective' and 'Euroquol five dimensions'. Data were collected over a 5-month period (October 2007-February 2008). Results: In total, 87 patients were included in the study. Patient characteristics in the two groups at admission and the health-related quality of life 2 to 3 weeks after discharge were similar. The patients from unit B were more satisfied with individual care (P = 0.03) and participation (P = 0.007). Unit B also had a shorter length of stay (P = 0.004). Conclusions: The effects of documented care plans are difficult to evaluate from a patient perspective, as many factors can improve the outcome. However, documentation of care plans is a prerequisite for measuring the quality and outcome of the care provided. This small study indicates that documented care plans may affect patient satisfaction regarding individual care, participation and length of hospital stay.
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| 10. |
- Jansson, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Obtaining a Foundation for Nursing Care at the Time of Patient Admission : A Grounded Theory Study
- 2009
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Ingår i: Open Nursing Journal. - Hilversum : Bentham Science Publishers. - 1874-4346. ; 3, s. 56-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nursing process can be viewed as a problem-solving model, but we do not know whether use of the whole process including care plans with interventions based on nursing diagnoses improves nurses' ability to carry out assessments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to illuminate and describe the assessment and decision-making process performed by nurses who formulated individual care plans including nursing diagnosis, goals and interventions or who used standardized care plans when a patient was admitted to their ward for care, and those who did not. Data collection and analysis were carried out by means of Grounded theory. Nurses were observed while assessing patients, after which they were interviewed. The main concern of all nurses was to obtain a foundation for nursing care based on four strategies; building pre-understanding, creating a caring environment, collecting information on symptoms and signs and performing an analysis from different perspectives. It appeared that the most important aspect for nurses who did not employ care plans was the medical reason for the patient's admission. The nurses who employed care plans discussed their decisions in terms of nursing problems, needs and risks. The results indicate that nurses who formulated care plans were more aware of their professional role.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
- Johansson, Maria Eiman, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Nurses´Adherence to Clinical Guidelines Regarding Peripheral Venous Catheters : A Structured Observational Study
- 2008
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Ingår i: Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing. - : Blackwell. - 1545-102X .- 1741-6787. ; 5:3, s. 148-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- peripheral catheterization is a common procedure, which affects numerous patients in health care today. having peripheral venous catheters in situ might lead to complications such as thrombophlebitis and sepsis, and clinical guidelines have been developed to assist nurses in their decisionmaking. Several reasons are given for clinicians not always adhering to clinical guidelines, although such adherence might lead to fewer complications. This papaer aims to describe registered nurses´adherence to national and local guidelines on peripheral venous catheters by focusing on time in situ, site, size, and documentation at the dressing. An additional aim is to describe the thrombophlebitis frequency associated with peripheral venous catheters in situ. Structured observational study of patients with peripheral venous catheters in situ, conducted from December 2004 to June 2005. data of 343 peripheral venous catheters were analyzed. Nurses partly adhered to national and local guidelines concerning size and site. Guideline adherence concerning documentation at the dressing was low. The results showed that non-adherence pertaining to time in situ varied between 5% and 26.3%. Differences between adherence to national or local guidelines were shown for size, site, and documentation at the dressing. Mild thrombophlebitis (Grades 1 and 2) was observed in 7.0%. Nurses partly adhered to clinical guidelines. Differences in guideline adherence were observed for wards with local or national guigelines, as well as for wards with different specialities. In accordance with clinical guidelines, the nurses seemed to replace or remove peripheral venous catheters before any severe complications arose. Adherence to clinical guidelines has an impact for preventing patient complications and thus it is essential that nurses are aware of their existence. Feedback and discussions of guideline adherence or of complication rates might influence nurses´clinical decision-making.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Lyckhage, Elisabeth Dahlborg, et al.
(författare)
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The Importance of Awareness of Nursing Students' Denotative Images of Nursing
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Education. - 0148-4834. ; 47:12, s. 537-543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to describe the images that recent nursing students in Eurocentric culture have of nursing and discuss how these images can be used to highlight nurses' authority and autonomy in comparison with the medical profession. The empirical material consists of short narratives from 168 nursing students. Three themes emerged from the categories of answers: The Nurse as an Idealistic Helper, The Nurse as a Realistic Developer, and The Nurse as a Young Seeker. The essence of nursing could be traced in these themes even if a solid ground of nursing shows itself in changing forms. According to this study and previous research, nursing can be considered as a mummified occupation in its essence, given that the old values and stereotypes largely remain. The main motives for becoming a nurse are altruism, a desire for autonomy, and flexibility. To strengthen the profession, both teachers and clinical supervisors should use the students' images of nursing as a starting point in nursing education and develop them in different contexts.
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| 15. |
- Nilsson, Kerstin, 1947, et al.
(författare)
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Night nursing - staff's working experiences.
- 2008
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Ingår i: BMC nursing. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1472-6955. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Although the duties and working conditions of registered, and enrolled nurses have previously been described from different perspectives, they have not been examined from the night nursing aspect. The aim of the study was to describe the night nursing staff's working experiences. METHODS: The design of the study is qualitative and descriptive. Interviews were conducted with 10 registered and 10 enrolled nurses working as night staff at a Swedish University Hospital. The interview guide was thematic and concerned the content of their tasks, as well as the working conditions that constitute night nursing. In addition, the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: The night duties have to be performed under difficult conditions that include working silently in dimmed lighting, and making decisions when fatigue threatens. According to the night staff, its main goals are to provide the patients with rest and simultaneously ensure qualified care. Furthermore, the night nursing staff must prepare the ward for the daytime activities. CONCLUSIONS: The most important point is the team work, which developed between the registered and enrolled nurses and how necessary this team work is when working at night. In order for nurses working at night to be fully appreciated, the communication between day and night staff in health care organizations needs to be developed. Furthermore, it is important to give the night staff opportunities to use its whole field of competence.
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| 16. |
- Nilsson, Maria Skyvell, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Professional approaches in clinical judgements among senior and junior doctors: implications for medical education
- 2009
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Ingår i: BMC Medical Education. - 1472-6920. ; 9:25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Clinical experience has traditionally been highly valued in medical education and clinical healthcare. On account of its multi-faceted nature, clinical experience is mostly difficult to articulate, and is mainly expressed in clinical situations as professional approaches. Due to retirement, hospitals in Scandinavia will soon face a substantial decrease in the number of senior specialist doctors, and it has been discussed whether healthcare will suffer an immense loss of experienced-based knowledge when this senior group leaves the organization. Both senior specialists and junior colleagues are often involved in clinical education, but the way in which these two groups vary in professional approaches and contributions to clinical education has not been so well described. Cognitive psychology has contributed to the understanding of how experience may influence professional approaches, but such studies have not included the effect of differences in position and responsibilities that junior and senior doctors hold in clinical healthcare. In the light of the discussion above, it is essential to describe the professional approaches of senior doctors in relation to those of their junior colleagues. This study therefore aims to describe and compare the professional approaches of junior and senior doctors when making clinical judgements. Methods: Critical incident technique was used in interviews with nine senior doctors and nine junior doctors in internal medicine. The interviews were subjected to qualitative content analysis. Result: Senior and junior doctors expressed a variety of professional approaches in clinical judgement as follows: use of theoretical knowledge, use of prior experience of cases and courses of events, use of ethical and moral values, meeting and communicating with the patient, focusing on available information, relying on their own ability, getting support and guidance from others and being directed by the organization. Conclusion: The most prominent varieties of professional approaches were seen in use of knowledge and work-related experience. Senior doctors know how the organization has worked in the past and have acquired techniques with respect to long-term decisions and their consequences. Junior doctors, on the other hand, have developed techniques and expertise for making decisions based on a restricted amount of information, in relation to patients' wellbeing as well as organizational opportunities and constraints. This study contributes to medical education by elucidating the variation in professional approaches among junior and senior doctors, which can be used as a basis for discussion about clinical judgement, in both pre-clinical and clinical education. Further research is required to explain how these professional approaches are expressed and used in clinical education.
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| 17. |
- Pennbrant, Sandra, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Elderly patients' experiences of meeting with the doctor : A sociocultural study in a hospital setting in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Research on Aging. - : SAGE Publications. - 0164-0275 .- 1552-7573. ; 35:2, s. 163-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has provided contradictory findings on how important it is for elderly patients to actively participate in the meeting with their doctors. Using descriptive and exploratory interview study with 20 elderly patients discharged from medicine and geriatric hospital care in Sweden, the authors describe how elderly patients experience their meetings with their doctor in the hospital setting. The results indicate that the meetings between elderly patients and doctors are influenced by the nature and shape of the conversation, which are influenced by power and interaction. A good relationship between an elderly patient and his or her doctor leads to reduced apprehension and increased faith in the health care system. This study was inspired by the sociocultural perspective and highlights the importance of the health care sector becoming a learning organization in which doctors are trained to prevent misunderstandings in their meetings with elderly patients.
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| 18. |
- Pilhammar Andersson, Ewa, 1943
(författare)
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Continuing education in Sweden
- 2001
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Ingår i: The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing. ; 32:2, s. 86-93
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Continuing education (CE) or recurrent education has long been used in Sweden to maintain and develop the competence of health care professionals. The purpose of this article is to describe the effects of CE with regards to changes in work activities, cognitive abilities, the use of knowledge, and involvement in research and development projects. METHOD: A questionnaire was distributed to all students (966 individuals) in CE courses at the Department of Advanced Nursing Education at Goteborg University, Sweden. RESULTS: Results indicated that CE leads to enhanced work satisfaction, extended work relevant competence, the attainment of professional goals, and enhanced self-confidence. The results further suggest that CE has not led to increased salaries, more power or authority, or greater possibilities to influence working situations. CONCLUSION: CE leads to positive development at the level of individual knowledge and competence but is not always reflected in changes in the respondents' working situations or in forms of rewards. The question is: How long are nurses prepared to continue raising their professional competence without compensation in terms of higher pay, better professional recognition, and new duties? PMID: 11868746 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Pilhammar Andersson, Ewa, 1943
(författare)
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Etnografi
- 2008
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Ingår i: Tillämpad kvalitativ forskning inom hälso-och sjukvård. - 9789144001555 ; , s. 41-55
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
- Pilhammar Andersson, Ewa, 1943
(författare)
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From vocational training to academic education, the situation of the Schools of Nursing in Sweden.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Journal of Nursing Education. - 0148-4834. ; 38:1, s. 33-38
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a consequence of a college reform in 1993, nursing education in Sweden is changing from vocational training to academic education. Teacher competence is considered to be of strategic importance to the quality of education for nurses, and nurse educators are expected to have a doctorate or master's degree in nursing or social science. This article focuses on teaching competence as it is perceived by teachers and describes the strategies used by nurse educators to meet the educational changes. The data for this ethnographic study were collected by participant observations at three Swedish nursing schools and interviews with 59 nurse educators. Results indicate that nurse educators use three different strategies to cope with changing demands and to keep their knowledge and competence as faculty at a desirable level. A good nurse educator must: (a) be a "real" nurse; (b) be well prepared in different subject matters; or (c) have an academic degree (master's degree or PhD). The success of the change from vocational training of nurses to an academic education depends on the faculty composition and the culture of the school. As a result of the increased demands for competence, traditional strategies to cope with change are no longer appropriate. Nonacademic-educated faculty risk losing their identity as good educators. PMID: 9921786 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 24. |
- Pilhammar Andersson, Ewa, 1943
(författare)
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Handledning av studenter.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Bergh, M., Friberg, F., Gedda, B., Häggström, E. & Pilhammar Andersson, E. (Red). Pedagogisk funktion och kompetens inom vård och omsorg. Lund: Studentlitteratur. 2003. - 9144024363
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Pilhammar Andersson, Ewa, 1943
(författare)
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Learning from experience
- 2008
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Ingår i: 13th Ottawa conference.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Pilhammar Andersson, Ewa, 1943
(författare)
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Marginality: Concept or reality in nursing education.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - 0813-0531. ; :21, s. 131-136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The concept of marginality has provided a powerful framework for examining individuals or groups who leave one group or culture without making a satisfactory adjustment to another. Although little research appears to have been undertaken into marginality in the health care profession, this paper discusses the concept of marginality and its relevance in the education of student nurses. One point examined in the paper is the student nurses' position in the intersection of two relatively distinct cultures or traditions (academic vs professional and student culture vs working culture). Another is the students' experience and feelings of being in that position. The critical incident technique was used to collect data and the responses were inductively categorized. In all, 79 critical incidents (50 negative and 29 positive evidents) were analysed. The results indicate that student nurses develop different strategies for coping with their marginal position. They can behave in an anticipated fashion by withdrawing into the role of pupil, they can form alliances with different groups of health care personnel, and they can try to escape from their working responsibilities. The results shows that the concept of marginality is useful for describing the students' situations and that students' experiences can form a base upon which critical analysis of the nursing profession can be developed. PMID: 7897064 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Pilhammar Andersson, Ewa, 1943
(författare)
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Recurrent education.
- 1999
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Conference on Teacher Education 1999. The Hong Kong Institute of Education, CD-ROM.. - Göteborg : Göteborg University.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
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| 37. |
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| 38. |
- Pilhammar Andersson, Ewa, 1943
(författare)
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The perspective of student nurses and their perceptions of professional nursing during the nurse training programme.
- 1993
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - 0813-0531. ; :18, s. 808-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study was undertaken to identify what preconceptions student nurses have of nursing when they enter the nurse training programme at university and how these views change during the course. The term 'perspective' was chosen to describe how the students view themselves, their environment, way of thinking and feeling about nursing and the opportunity to act in nursing and educational situations. The data for this ethnographic study were collected by means of participant observations, interviews and document analysis. The subjects were 41 nursing students enrolled in the nursing programme at a school of nursing in the Swedish Midlands. Four different ways of perceiving the nursing function are discerned from the descriptions of the task, status and personality traits associated with nursing. The results indicate that student nurses perceive nursing in a very traditional way and that their perceptions tend to be stable during th training period. The findings suggest that about one-third of the student develop a new perspective and a self-concept as a nurse during the course, but the traditional image of the nurse persists. PMID: 8514938 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Pilhammar Andersson, Ewa, 1943
(författare)
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Vårdpedagogers verklighet och verksamhet
- 1997
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Ingår i: Pilhammar Andersson, E., Sjöström, B. & Walldal, E. (red). Vårdpedagogik - en disciplin tar form. Lund: Studentlitteratur 1997.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 44. |
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| 45. |
- Skyvell Nilsson, Maria, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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Attitudes Emphasizing in the Clinical Supervision of Medical Students : An Ethnographic Study in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: The Open Medical Education Journal. - 1876-519X. ; 5, s. 5-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Medical student's professional attitudes are expected to be developed in medical school, and particularly during clinical education. In this study we focus on supervision in order to describe the attitudes emphasized in the clinical education of fourth-year medical students taking a surgical course.Methods: An ethnographic approach was applied where observation and interviews were conducted. Nine medical students and twelve supervisors at a teaching hospital in Sweden participated. Field notes were made during observation as well as interviews; these were transcribed and analysed qualitatively.Result: The analysis resulted in six topic areas describing the attitudes emphasized. The medical students were expected to be: 1) Informed and effective decision makers, 2) Sensitive to patients' needs and expectations, 3) Communicative, 4) Authoritative and patriarchal, 5) Adaptable to organizational demands, and 6) Mindful of nurse's knowledge and requests.Conclusions: This study reveals that the attitudes emphasised during supervision are: dualistic and complex to learn, developed by a former generation and influence student learning. Students need support in order to handle the state of tension that exists in the attitudes emphasized. Medical students might experience difficulties in adopting some attitudes belonging to a former generation. There is a need for competence development among supervisors concerning how students may experience the attitudes emphasized in supervision.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Stoltz, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Support in nursing--an evolutionary concept analysis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: : Int J Nurs Stud.. ; 2007 Nov;44::(8)
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This research into the concept of support was undertaken because of the recurrent use of the concept in nursing research and especially because of the vital importance of support to family carers of older persons. AIM: To inductively develop a definition of support, specifically in the context of family care of frail aged persons. METHOD: The study followed the evolutionary method of concept analysis. The study was based on data from scientific publications, encyclopaedias and dictionaries. In order to secure a representative sample, highly systematic means of sampling were used. RESULTS: Working with the data underpinning this study, it was possible to put forward a definition of support for family carers who care for a frail aged person at home. The two major dimensions, as described under attributes, were merged into the following definition: "Support entails the provision of general tangibles such as information, education, economic aid, goods and external services. They are prerequisites for facilitating the family carers' competence or capacity in care. Moreover it entails necessary qualities such as individualization, adaptability, lastingness, room for verbalizing emotions as well as an idea of reciprocal symmetrical exchange between involved parties.
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| 48. |
- Stoltz, Peter, et al.
(författare)
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Supporting in Nursing. An evolutionary concept analys
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies.. - 0020-7489.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This research into the concept of support was undertaken because of the recurrent use of the concept in nursing research and especially because of the vital importance of support to family carers of older persons. AIM: To inductively develop a definition of support, specifically in the context of family care of frail aged persons. METHOD: The study followed the evolutionary method of concept analysis. The study was based on data from scientific publications, encyclopaedias and dictionaries. In order to secure a representative sample, highly systematic means of sampling were used. RESULTS: Working with the data underpinning this study, it was possible to put forward a definition of support for family carers who care for a frail aged person at home. The two major dimensions, as described under attributes, were merged into the following definition: "Support entails the provision of general tangibles such as information, education, economic aid, goods and external services. They are prerequisites for facilitating the family carers' competence or capacity in care. Moreover it entails necessary qualities such as individualization, adaptability, lastingness, room for verbalizing emotions as well as an idea of reciprocal symmetrical exchange between involved parties. PMID: 17010976 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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| 49. |
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