| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ahmed, M., et al.
(författare)
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Search for the lepton-family-number nonconserving decay μ +→e +γ
- 2002
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - : American Physical Society. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 65:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MEGA experiment, which searched for the muon- and electron-number violating decay μ +→e + γ, is described. The spectrometer system, the calibrations, the data taking procedures, the data analysis, and the sensitivity of the experiment are discussed. The most stringent upper limit on the branching ratio, B(μ + →e + γ)<1.2×10 -11 with 90% confidence, is derived from a likelihood analysis.
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| 4. |
- Amann, F., et al.
(författare)
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A search for murarregamma at the level of 10-13
- 1991
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 25th International Conference on High Energy Physics. - 9810024347 ; , s. 1070-1071
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The MEGA experiment, which is a search for the decay murarregamma with a branching ratio sensitivity of about 10-13, employs highly modular, fast detectors, state-of-the-art electronics, and a staged trigger with on-line filters. The detectors are contained in a 1.5-T solenoidal field produced by a superconducting magnet. Positrons are confined to the central region and are measured by a set of thin MWPCs. Photons are measured by one of four layers of pair spectrometers in the outer region. Most aspects of the design have been validated in engineering runs; data taking will begin in 1990 with much of the electron arm and one pair spectrometer layer installed.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Awasthi, Mukesh Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Biochemical engineering for elemental sulfur from flue gases through multi-enzymatic based approaches – A review
- 2024
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - 0048-9697 .- 1879-1026. ; 914
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Flue gases are the gases which are produced from industries related to chemical manufacturing, petrol refineries, power plants and ore processing plants. Along with other pollutants, sulfur present in the flue gas is detrimental to the environment. Therefore, environmentalists are concerned about its removal and recovery of resources from flue gases due to its activation ability in the atmosphere to transform into toxic substances. This review is aimed at a critical assessment of the techniques developed for resource recovery from flue gases. The manuscript discusses various bioreactors used in resource recovery such as hollow fibre membrane reactor, rotating biological contractor, sequential batch reactor, fluidized bed reactor, entrapped cell bioreactor and hybrid reactors. In conclusion, this manuscript provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of thermotolerant and thermophilic microbes in sulfur removal. Additionally, it evaluates the efficacy of a multi-enzyme engineered bioreactor in this process. Furthermore, the study introduces a groundbreaking sustainable model for elemental sulfur recovery, offering promising prospects for environmentally-friendly and economically viable sulfur removal techniques in various industrial applications.
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| 7. |
- Bagshaw, D, et al.
(författare)
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Bridging the fields of drama and conflict management
- 2007
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Ingår i: DRACON International: Empowering students to handle conflicts through school based programmes. - Malmö : MUEP (Malmö University Electronic Publishing). - 918881033X ; , s. 45-129
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Researchers from Australia, Malaysia and Sweden form part of DRACON International (DRAma for CONflict management) and share the basic view that drama can be an effective way for adolescents to learn to handle conflicts constructively. The main aims of the DRACON project have been: -to develop research methods in order to map students´ conflicts and strategies for handling conflicts and to study the effects of various drama exercises on individual, class and school levels; -to contribute to the development of a theory of conflict processes in different cultures in order to explain the effects of different types of interference´s in adolescents´ conflicts; -to develop and test integrated drama programmes giving adolescents in the three different cultures the opportunity of handling conflicts in a more constructive way. This book is the result of several years of collaborative teamwork between researchers from Australia, Malaysia and Sweden and aims at providing a starting-point for further development of drama and conflict management in educational settings.
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| 8. |
- Barney, Andrew, et al.
(författare)
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Transition towards decarbonisation for islands : Development of an integrated energy planning platform and application
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments. - : Elsevier BV. - 2213-1388 .- 2213-1396. ; 47
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents REACT-DECARB, an energy planning decarbonisation platform employing renewable energy sources coupled with storage for islands. The paper implements the energy scenario creation and economic evaluation steps of the platform on eight geographic islands in seven countries within the EU. Twenty-one technologically feasible energy scenarios, applicable to the specific conditions of each island, are specified and their economic assessment via a levelized cost of energy (LCOE) calculation is then performed. The main aim of this application is to verify the noted steps of the platform as well as to test its flexibility across geographically, socially and dimensionally disparate islands with various scenario generation methods. The results of the economic analysis show a wide variation of LCOE depending primarily on whether full island autonomy is assumed. In some cases the islands’ scenarios’ costs approach current market prices but are never below them; some scenarios are, however, below the current price of the island’s thermal generation. The sensitivity and uncertainty of the economic performance results’ and the variables used to calculate them are evaluated and discussed for two of the islands. The overall analysis and application has shown that the REACT-DECARB platform is suitable for different islands, regardless of location and size and can be useful for island energy planners.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Beatrez, William, et al.
(författare)
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Critical prethermal discrete time crystal created by two-frequency driving
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Physics. - : Springer Nature. - 1745-2473 .- 1745-2481. ; 19:3, s. 407-413
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Discrete time crystals are non-equilibrium many-body phases of matter characterized by spontaneously broken discrete time-translation symmetry under periodic driving. At sufficiently high driving frequencies, the system enters the Floquet prethermalization regime, in which the periodically driven many-body state has a lifetime vastly exceeding the intrinsic decay time of the system. Here, we report the observation of long-lived prethermal discrete time-crystalline order in a three-dimensional (3D) lattice of 13C nuclei in diamond at room temperature. We demonstrate a two-frequency driving protocol, involving an interleaved application of slow and fast drives that simultaneously prethermalize the spins with an emergent quasi-conserved magnetization along the x̂ axis. This enables continuous and highly resolved observation of their dynamic evolution. We obtain videos of the time-crystalline response with a clarity and throughput orders of magnitude greater than previous experiments. Parametric control over the drive frequencies allows us to reach time-crystal lifetimes of up to 396 Floquet cycles, which we measure in a single-shot experiment. Such rapid measurement enables detailed characterization of the entire phase diagram, highlighting the role of prethermalization in stabilizing the time-crystal response. The two-frequency drive approach expands the toolkit for investigating non-equilibrium phases of matter stabilized by emergent quasi-conservation laws.
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| 11. |
- Bhambri, Aksheev, et al.
(författare)
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Large scale changes in the transcriptome of Eisenia fetida during regeneration
- 2018
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 13:9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Earthworms show a wide spectrum of regenerative potential with certain species like Eisenia fetida capable of regenerating more than two-thirds of their body while other closely related species, such as Paranais litoralis seem to have lost this ability. Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida, in which the genomes of the marine oligochaete Capitella telata and the freshwater leech Helobdella robusta have been sequenced and studied. Herein, we report the transcriptomic changes in Eisenia fetida (Indian isolate) during regeneration. Following injury, E. fetida regenerates the posterior segments in a time spanning several weeks. We analyzed gene expression changes both in the newly regenerating cells and in the adjacent tissue, at early (15days post amputation), intermediate (20days post amputation) and late (30 days post amputation) by RNAseq based de novo assembly and comparison of transcriptomes. We also generated a draft genome sequence of this terrestrial red worm using short reads and mate-pair reads. An in-depth analysis of the miRNome of the worm showed that many miRNA gene families have undergone extensive duplications. Sox4, a master regulator of TGF-beta mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition was induced in the newly regenerated tissue. Genes for several proteins such as sialidases and neurotrophins were identified amongst the differentially expressed transcripts. The regeneration of the ventral nerve cord was also accompanied by the induction of nerve growth factor and neurofilament genes. We identified 315 novel differentially expressed transcripts in the transcriptome, that have no homolog in any other species. Surprisingly, 82% of these novel differentially expressed transcripts showed poor potential for coding proteins, suggesting that novel ncRNAs may play a critical role in regeneration of earthworm.
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| 12. |
- Birnir, Bryndis, et al.
(författare)
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Rapid desensitization of alpha 1 beta 1 GABA A receptors expressed in Sf9 cells under optimized conditions.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Membrane Biology. - 0022-2631 .- 1432-1424. ; 148:2, s. 193-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- alpha 1 and beta 1 subunits of human GABA A receptors were expressed in Sf9 cells using the Sf9-baculovirus system. Better expression was obtained by manipulating the system. Cell growth phase at the time of infection determined the practical range of virus titre, the period postinfection during which cells were useful for signal detection and the maximal current obtained. Cells in the early exponential phase were relatively insensitive to multiplicity of infection (MOI) whereas cells in the mid- to late-exponential phase were highly dependent on MOI and they responded with the largest Cl- current generated by GABA. Channels activated by GABA were chloride-selective. Half the maximum peak whole-cell current was obtained with 11 microM GABA. The time course of Cl- currents activated by saturating GABA concentrations in cells infected with alpha 1 beta 1-recombinant viruses was examined employing a rapid perfusion system which allowed whole-cell solution exchange in less than 1 msec. The current decay could be fitted by 3 to 4 exponentials for the first 8 sec. The initial fast current decrease had a time constant of about 23 msec. No voltage dependence of time constants was detected but the whole-cell IV relation showed outward rectification. Currents were depressed by bicuculline, penicillin and picrotoxin and potentiated by pentobarbitone.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Butler, Eadaoin M., et al.
(författare)
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A prediction model for childhood obesity in New Zealand
- 2021
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : Springer Nature. - 2045-2322. ; 11
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several early childhood obesity prediction models have been developed, but none for New Zealand's diverse population. We aimed to develop and validate a model for predicting obesity in 4-5-year-old New Zealand children, using parental and infant data from the Growing Up in New Zealand (GUiNZ) cohort. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) for age and sex >= 95th percentile. Data on GUiNZ children were used for derivation (n=1731) and internal validation (n=713). External validation was performed using data from the Prevention of Overweight in Infancy Study (POI, n=383) and Pacific Islands Families Study (PIF, n=135) cohorts. The final model included: birth weight, maternal smoking during pregnancy, maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, paternal BMI, and infant weight gain. Discrimination accuracy was adequate [AUROC=0.74 (0.71-0.77)], remained so when validated internally [AUROC=0.73 (0.68-0.78)] and externally on PIF [AUROC=0.74 [0.66-0.82)] and POI [AUROC=0.80 (0.71-0.90)]. Positive predictive values were variable but low across the risk threshold range (GUiNZ derivation 19-54%; GUiNZ validation 19-48%; and POI 8-24%), although more consistent in the PIF cohort (52-61%), all indicating high rates of false positives. Although this early childhood obesity prediction model could inform early obesity prevention, high rates of false positives might create unwarranted anxiety for families.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Cao, Di, et al.
(författare)
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Concurrent measurement of perfusion parameters related to small blood vessels and cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the human brain using dynamic dual-spin-echo perfusion MRI
- 2023
-
Ingår i: NMR in Biomedicine. - 0952-3480. ; 36:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Accumulating evidence from recent studies has indicated the importance of studying the interaction between the microvascular and lymphatic systems in the brain. To date, most imaging methods can only measure blood or lymphatic vessels separately, such as dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MRI for blood vessels and DSC MRI-in-the-cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (cDSC MRI) for lymphatic vessels. An approach that can measure both blood and lymphatic vessels in a single scan offers advantages such as a halved scan time and contrast dosage. This study attempts to develop one such approach by optimizing a dual-echo turbo-spin-echo sequence, termed "dynamic dual-spin-echo perfusion (DDSEP) MRI". Bloch simulations were performed to optimize the dual-echo sequence for the measurement of gadolinium (Gd)-induced blood and CSF signal changes using a short and a long echo time, respectively. The proposed method furnishes a T1-dominant contrast in CSF and a T2-dominant contrast in blood. MRI experiments were performed in healthy subjects to evaluate the dual-echo approach by comparing it with existing separate methods. Based on simulations, the short and long echo time were chosen around the time when blood signals show maximum difference between post- and pre-Gd scans, and the time when blood signals are completely suppressed, respectively. The proposed method showed consistent results in human brains as previous studies using separate methods. Signal changes from small blood vessels occurred faster than from lymphatic vessels after intravenous Gd injection. In conclusion, Gd-induced signal changes in blood and CSF can be detected simultaneously in healthy subjects with the proposed sequence. The temporal difference in Gd-induced signal changes from small blood and lymphatic vessels after intravenous Gd injection was confirmed using the proposed approach in the same human subjects. Results from this proof-of-concept study will be used to further optimize DDSEP MRI in subsequent studies.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Carvalho, Raquel N., et al.
(författare)
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Mixtures of chemical pollutants at European legislation safety concentrations : how safe are they?
- 2014
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Ingår i: Toxicological Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1096-6080 .- 1096-0929. ; 141:1, s. 218-233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The risk posed by complex chemical mixtures in the environment to wildlife and humans is increasingly debated, but has been rarely tested under environmentally relevant scenarios. To address this issue, two mixtures of 14 or 19 substances of concern (pesticides, pharmaceuticals, heavy metals, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, a surfactant, and a plasticizer), each present at its safety limit concentration imposed by the European legislation, were prepared and tested for their toxic effects. The effects of the mixtures were assessed in 35 bioassays, based on 11 organisms representing different trophic levels. A consortium of 16 laboratories was involved in performing the bioassays. The mixtures elicited quantifiable toxic effects on some of the test systems employed, including i) changes in marine microbial composition, ii) microalgae toxicity, iii) immobilization in the crustacean Daphnia magna, iv) fish embryo toxicity, v) impaired frog embryo development, and vi) increased expression on oxidative stress-linked reporter genes. Estrogenic activity close to regulatory safety limit concentrations was uncovered by receptor-binding assays. The results highlight the need of precautionary actions on the assessment of chemical mixtures even in cases where individual toxicants are present at seemingly harmless concentrations.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Chettiyam Thodi, Muhamed Fasil, et al.
(författare)
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Using RS and GIS Techniques to Assess and Monitor Coastal Changes of Coastal Islands in the Marine Environment of a Humid Tropical Region
- 2023
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI. - 2073-4441. ; 15:21
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vypin, Vallarpadam, and Bolgatty are significant tropical coastal islands situated in the humid tropical Kerala region of India, notable for their environmental sensitivity. This study conducted a comprehensive assessment of shoreline alterations on these islands by integrating Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) techniques. Utilizing satellite imagery from the LANDSAT series with a spatial resolution of 30 m, the analysis spanned the years from 1973 to 2019. The Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) tool, integrated into the ArcGIS software, was employed to monitor and analyze shoreline shifts, encompassing erosion and accretion. Various statistical parameters, including Net Shoreline Movement (NSM), End Point Rate (EPR), and Linear Regression Rate (LRR), were utilized to evaluate these changes. Additionally, the study aimed to discern the root causes of shoreline modifications in the study area, encompassing disturbances and the construction of new structures on these islands. The results conclusively demonstrated the substantial impact endured by these coastal islands, with accretion on both sides leading to the creation of new landmasses. This manuscript effectively illustrates that these islands have experienced marine transgression, notably evidenced by accretion. Anthropogenic activities were identified as the primary drivers behind the observed shoreline changes, underscoring the need for careful management and sustainable practices in these fragile coastal ecosystems.
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| 21. |
- Chyrkin, Anton, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Stability of External alpha-Al2O3 Scales on Alloy 602 CA at 1100-1200 A degrees C
- 2018
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Ingår i: Oxidation of Metals. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1573-4889 .- 0030-770X. ; 90:1-2, s. 119-133
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An external ultrathin alpha-Al2O3 scale grown on the Ni-base alloy 602 CA during air oxidation at 800 A degrees C was characterized by means of high-resolution TEM/EDX and electron diffraction. Alloy samples pre-oxidized at 800 A degrees C were subsequently exposed at 1100, 1150 and 1200 A degrees C for up to 100 h. Whereas the external alumina remained stable at 1100 A degrees C, with the increasing exposure temperature, the pre-grown alumina scale tended to break down resulting in an external chromia scale accompanied by internal alumina precipitation. The transition from external to internal Al oxidation was investigated using SEM/EDX/EBSD. The critical Al depletion at the scale-alloy interface during the post-exposure at 1100-1200 A degrees C was modeled using the CALPHAD-based thermodynamic-kinetic approach.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Fijoł, Natalia, et al.
(författare)
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3D-printed monolithic biofilters based on a polylactic acid (PLA) - hydroxyapatite (HAp) composite for heavy metal removal from an aqueous medium
- 2021
-
Ingår i: RSC Advances. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2046-2069. ; 11:51, s. 32408-32418
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High flux, monolithic water purification filters based on polylactic acid (PLA) functionalised with fish scale extracted hydroxyapatite (HAp) were prepared by solvent-assisted blending and thermally induced phase separation (TIPS), followed by twin-screw extrusion into filaments and processed via three-dimensional (3D) printing. The printed filters with consistent pore geometry and channel interconnectivity as well as homogenous distribution of HAp in the PLA matrix showed adsorption capabilities towards heavy metals i.e. cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) with maximum adsorption capacity of 112.1 mg gHAp−1 and 360.5 mg gHAp−1 for the metal salt of Pb and Cd, respectively. The adsorption was found to be driven by a combination of ion exchange, dissolution and precipitation on HAp and surface complexation.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Forslund, Tobias, 1992-
(författare)
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Transitional flow in ordered porous media
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Porous media, here defined as any permeable structure allowing a fluid to flow through, are relevant to a multitude of engineering applications and natural processes. The observed macroscopic properties of the porous media such as mixing, heat transfer and apparent permeability are properties which are affected by the flow and especially the type of flow, or flow region. The flow regions are characterized by the ratio of the convective to viscous forces, called the Reynolds number (Re). Of these regions the transition from inertial laminar flow to fully turbulent flow is the least understood. In comparison to flows in straight pipes the onset of inertial and unsteady phenomena in porous beds do not coincide, also the transition region stretches over orders of magnitude in Re for most porous beds. In porous media this domain is characterized by temporally long-lived and spatially large scale flow structures which interact in unpredictable ways leading to dramatic shifts of the behavior of the macroscopic properties. To improve the understanding of this transitional domain, ordered materials, that reduce geometrically induced flow complexities, are studied with both numerical and experimental methods.In Paper A two types of ordered porous media with the same porosity but varying tortuosity are investigated using tomographic Particle Image Velocimetry and pressure measurements. The variation of Re gives an almost complete overview from the onset of inertial effects up to the start of the turbulent region. Two pore-scale phenomena were disclosed from the complex flow patterns that appeared. The first is an inertial steady effect first assumed to be caused by wall effects. In Paper D it was, however, discovered that the phenomenon materializes independently of wall effects. Instead it is a specific case of a more general inertial transition occurring for a wide range of porous media. A second pore-scale effect is a form of inertial core symmetry break-up that occurs in low-tortuosity porous media. This symmetry break-up is correlated to a sharp increase in the average pressure drop. The second flow structure was reproduced using numerical methods in Paper B forming the basis of a more comprehensive discussion on how these structures impact the usage of periodic conditions when modelling porous media.The possibility of using high performance Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) implementations of the Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) for simulating thermal turbulent flows in porous media has also been investigated in Paper C. It is concluded that the GPU LBM implementations provide fast, efficient and accurate simulations of thermal turbulent flows in porous media, as well as for a wide range of other flows. Furthermore, in Paper E, a multiple GPU implementation of a hydrodynamic LBM model is presented.
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| 27. |
- Frosi, Y, et al.
(författare)
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Engineering an autonomous VH domain to modulate intracellular pathways and to interrogate the eIF4F complex
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Nature communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 13:1, s. 4854-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An attractive approach to target intracellular macromolecular interfaces and to model putative drug interactions is to design small high-affinity proteins. Variable domains of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (VH domains) are ideal miniproteins, but their development has been restricted by poor intracellular stability and expression. Here we show that an autonomous and disufhide-free VH domain is suitable for intracellular studies and use it to construct a high-diversity phage display library. Using this library and affinity maturation techniques we identify VH domains with picomolar affinity against eIF4E, a protein commonly hyper-activated in cancer. We demonstrate that these molecules interact with eIF4E at the eIF4G binding site via a distinct structural pose. Intracellular overexpression of these miniproteins reduce cellular proliferation and expression of malignancy-related proteins in cancer cell lines. The linkage of high-diversity in vitro libraries with an intracellularly expressible miniprotein scaffold will facilitate the discovery of VH domains suitable for intracellular applications.
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| 28. |
- Galiullin, T., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of alloying elements in Ni-base substrate material on interdiffusion processes in MCrAlY-coated systems
- 2018
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Ingår i: Surface and Coatings Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0257-8972. ; 350, s. 359-368
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- he effect of alloying elements in the substrate on the interdiffusion processes between a NiCoCrAlY-coating and model Ni-base superalloys was studied. Four single-crystal substrates Ni-10Cr-8Al-X (wt%, X = 10Co, 9Ta, 6 W) were coated with a conventional NiCoCrAlY-coating and exposed to air for up to 1000 h at 1050 °C. The microstructural analyses (LOM/SEM/EDX) revealed a strong dependence of the coating degradation rate on the substrate composition. The coating applied to the ternary base Ni-10Cr-8Al alloy and to the quaternary Co-containing substrate degraded most rapidly while the Ta addition to the substrate effectively suppressed interdiffusion. The degradation phenomena such as β-NiAl depletion and propagation of the secondary reaction zone (SRZ) were interpreted in terms of a thermodynamical analysis in Thermo-Calc and by using a CALPHAD-based thermodynamic-kinetic diffusion model.
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| 29. |
- Gazioğlu, İbrahim, et al.
(författare)
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Real-life demonstration of flexibility provision by smart charging of EVs and stationary battery storage
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 IEEE Asia Meeting on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEE-AM). - 9798350381061
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The main aim of the work is to demonstrate in real-life the possibility to manage the flexible demand-side resources, including DC fast EV charger, V2G EV charger and batteries, in a smart manner to mitigate potential grid congestion problems. For this purpose, an intelligent “EV management platform” has been developed and used in the demonstration. Through this platform, the DSO can determine a threshold level for loading of the transformer based on historical loading data of the transformer and can determine the charge/discharge profiles for the equipment for the designated time, considering the charging preferences of electric vehicle users. The results from the demonstration showed that the demand-side resources can be dispatched automatically to satisfy the users’ needs while effectively preventing the local grid congestion problems.
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| 30. |
- Ginsburg, A., et al.
(författare)
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Dense gas in the Galactic central molecular zone is warm and heated by turbulence
- 2016
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 586, s. Art nr A50-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. The Galactic center is the closest region where we can study star formation under extreme physical conditions like those in high-redshift galaxies. Aims. We measure the temperature of the dense gas in the central molecular zone (CMZ) and examine what drives it. Methods. We mapped the inner 300 pc of the CMZ in the temperature-sensitive J = 3-2 para-formaldehyde (p-H2CO) transitions. We used the 3(2,1)-2(2,0)/3(0,3)-2(0,2) line ratio to determine the gas temperature in n similar to 10(4) - 10(5) cm(-3) gas. We have produced temperature maps and cubes with 30 0 0 and 1 km s(-1) resolution and published all data in FITS form. Results. Dense gas temperatures in the Galactic center range from similar to 60 K to > 100 K in selected regions. The highest gas temperatures T-G > 100 K are observed around the Sgr B2 cores, in the extended Sgr B2 cloud, the 20 km s(-1) and 50 km s(-1) clouds, and in "The Brick" (G0.253 + 0.016). We infer an upper limit on the cosmic ray ionization rate zeta(CR)
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| 31. |
- Gross, Sean M., et al.
(författare)
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A multi-omic analysis of MCF10A cells provides a resource for integrative assessment of ligand-mediated molecular and phenotypic responses
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Nature. - 2399-3642. ; 5:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phenotype of a cell and its underlying molecular state is strongly influenced by extracellular signals, including growth factors, hormones, and extracellular matrix proteins. While these signals are normally tightly controlled, their dysregulation leads to phenotypic and molecular states associated with diverse diseases. To develop a detailed understanding of the linkage between molecular and phenotypic changes, we generated a comprehensive dataset that catalogs the transcriptional, proteomic, epigenomic and phenotypic responses of MCF10A mammary epithelial cells after exposure to the ligands EGF, HGF, OSM, IFNG, TGFB and BMP2. Systematic assessment of the molecular and cellular phenotypes induced by these ligands comprise the LINCS Microenvironment (ME) perturbation dataset, which has been curated and made publicly available for community-wide analysis and development of novel computational methods ( synapse.org/LINCS_MCF10A ). In illustrative analyses, we demonstrate how this dataset can be used to discover functionally related molecular features linked to specific cellular phenotypes. Beyond these analyses, this dataset will serve as a resource for the broader scientific community to mine for biological insights, to compare signals carried across distinct molecular modalities, and to develop new computational methods for integrative data analysis.
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| 32. |
- Harikumar, Prakash, et al.
(författare)
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A Study on Switched-Capacitor Blocks for Reconfigurable ADCs
- 2011
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Ingår i: Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), 2011. - 9781457718458 ; , s. 649-652
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pipelined analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) achieve low to moderate resolutions at high bandwidths while sigma-delta (ΣΔ) ADCs provide high resolution at moderate bandwidths. A switched-capacitor (SC) block which can function as an integrator or an MDAC can be used to implement a reconfigurable ADC (R-ADC) which supports both these types of architectures. Through the use of high level models this work attempts to derive the capacitance and critical opamp parameters such as DC gain and bandwidth of the SC blocks in a reconfigurable ADC. Scaling of capacitance afforded by the noise shaping property of ΣΔ loops as well as the inter-stage gain of pipelined ADCs is used to minimize the total capacitance. This work can be used as reference material to understand some of the design trade-offs in R-ADCs.sigma-delta ADCs
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| 33. |
- Hellmeier, Sebastian, 1989, et al.
(författare)
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State of the world 2020: autocratization turns viral
- 2021
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Ingår i: Democratization. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1351-0347 .- 1743-890X. ; 28:6, s. 1053-1074
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article analyses the state of democracy in 2020. The world is still more democratic than it was in the 1970s and 1980s, but a trend of autocratization is ongoing and affecting 25 countries in 2020, home to 34% of the world's population. At the same time, the number of democratizing countries has dwindled by nearly half, reducing to 16 countries, home to a mere 4% of the global population. Freedom of expression, deliberation, rule of law and elections show the most substantial net declines in the last decade. A major change is that India, formerly the world's largest democracy, turned into an electoral autocracy. The V-Dem data suggests that direct effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on levels of liberal democracy were limited in 2020. Still, the longer-term consequences may be worse and must be monitored closely. Due to the pandemic and state restrictions on the freedom of assembly, mass mobilization declined to its lowest level in over a decade, yet the decline in pro-democracy protests in 2020 may well prove to be short-lived once the pandemic subdues.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Ilhan, Emre, et al.
(författare)
-
What is the definition of acute episodic and chronic pain in critically ill neonates and infants? A global, four-stage consensus and validation study
- 2022
-
Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 12:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To define and validate types of pain in critically ill neonates and infants by researchers and clinicians working in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and high dependency unit (HDU).Design: A qualitative descriptive mixed-methods design.Procedure/s: Each stage of the study was built on and confirmed the previous stages. Stage 1 was an expert panel to develop definitions; stage 2 was a different expert panel made up of neonatal clinicians to propose clinical characteristics associated with the definitions from stage 1; stage 3 was a focus group of neonatal clinicians to provide clinical case scenarios associated with each definition and clinical characteristics; and stage 4 was a survey administered to neonatal clinicians internationally to test the validity of the definitions using the clinical case scenarios.Results: In stage 1, the panel (n=10) developed consensus definitions for acute episodic pain and chronic pain in neonates and infants. In stage 2, a panel (n=8) established clinical characteristics that may be associated with each definition. In stage 3, a focus group (n=11) created clinical case scenarios of neonates and infants with acute episodic pain, chronic pain and no pain using the definitions and clinical characteristics. In stage 4, the survey (n=182) revealed that the definitions allowed an excellent level of discrimination between case scenarios that described neonates and infants with acute episodic pain and chronic pain (area under the receiver operating characteristic=0.87 and 0.89, respectively).Conclusions: This four-stage study enabled the development of consensus-based and clinically valid definitions of acute episodic pain and chronic pain. There is a need to define and validate other pain types to inform a taxonomy of pain experienced by neonates and infants in the NICU and HDU.
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| 36. |
- Iyengar, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Does wearable cognitive assistance require edge computing?
- 2023
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 24th international workshop on mobile computing systems and applications. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9798400700170 ; , s. 144-144
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Wearable cognitive assistance (WCA) is an important emerging class of applications that are both bandwidth intensive and latency sensitive. This well published genre of edge native applications was originally introduced in 2014 and has since been extensively studied [2, 7]. These applications provide assistance with real world tasks to users who are wearing smart glasses. Here, we focus on an important subclass of WCA applications that provide step-by-step guidance through physical assembly tasks. Applications in this subclass carry out a back and forth process with the user. First, the application gives the user an instruction for completing a step of the task. The user then completes this step, and then the application gives the user the next instruction. The camera on the glasses captures image frames of a user's progress through the task. The application processes these frames using deep neural network (DNN)-based computer vision, to determine when a task step has been completed. If the DNN misclassifies a frame, the user might not be given the next instruction at the correct time, or the user may be given an incorrect instruction.
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| 37. |
- Iyengar, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Offload shaping for wearable cognitive assistance
- 2023
-
Ingår i: 2023 IEEE International Conference on Edge Computing and Communications (EDGE). - : IEEE. - 9798350304848 - 9798350304831
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Edge computing has much lower elasticity than cloud computing because cloudlets have much smaller physical and electrical footprints than a data center. This hurts the scalability of applications that involve low-latency edge offload. We show how this problem can be addressed by leveraging the growing sophistication and compute capability of recent wearable devices. We investigate four Wearable Cognitive Assistance applications on three wearable devices, and show that the technique of offload shaping can significantly reduce network utilization and cloudlet load without compromising accuracy or performance.
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| 38. |
- Jagadesh, M., et al.
(författare)
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Altering Natural Ecosystems Causes Negative Consequences on the Soil Physical Qualities: An Evidence-Based Study from Nilgiri Hill Region of Western Ghats, India
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Land. - : Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI). - 2073-445X. ; 12:10
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land use change (LUC) has direct and indirect consequences on soil quality. To gain insight into how LUC influences the physical properties of soil, it can be advantageous to compare undisturbed ecosystems with those that have naturally evolved over time, as well as to use soil quality indices to pinpoint the sensitivity of each ecosystem and land use change (LUC). A soil survey was carried out in the six major ecosystems of the Nilgiri Hill Region: cropland (CL), deciduous forest (DF), evergreen forest (EF), forest plantation (FP), scrubland (SL), and tea plantation (TP), with those having an establishment for over 50 years being selected and analyzed for soil physical parameters. In addition, soil quality indices were also derived to pinpoint the vulnerability of each ecosystem to LUC. The results reveal that the changes in land use significantly altered the soil physical properties. The content of clay was higher in EF and DF and increased with the soil profile’s depth, whereas the sand content was higher in CL and TP and decreased with the depth increment. BD and PD were significantly lower in EF, DF, SL, and FP, whereas they were higher in CL and TP. PS and ASM followed a similar trend to BD and PD. Owing to undisturbed natural settings, an abundance of litter input, and higher carbon concentrations, the HC was higher in EF, DF, SL, and FP, whereas, in the case of anthropogenic-influenced ecosystems such as CL and TP, it was lower. We discovered that LUC has altered Ag S, WSA, and MWD. Due to tillage and other cultural practices, Ag S, WSA, and MWD were significantly lower in CL and TP. However, the results confirm that native ecosystems (EF and DF) with a higher carbon content prevent such degradation, thereby resulting in good Ag S, WSA, and MWD.
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| 39. |
- Jayasree, R. S., et al.
(författare)
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Raman and infrared spectral analysis of corrosion products on zinc NaZn4Cl(OH)(6)SO4-6H(2)O and Zn4Cl2(OH)(4)SO4 center dot 5H(2)O
- 2006
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Ingår i: Materials Chemistry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0254-0584 .- 1879-3312. ; 99:03-feb, s. 474-478
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two corrosion products of zinc namely NaZn4Cl(OH)(6)SO4 center dot 6H(2)O which occurs mainly in marine and traffic environments and Zn4Cl2(OH)(4)SO4 center dot 5H(2)O which occurs in industrial, rural and urban environments were analysed using infrared and Raman spectroscopic methods and the vibrational modes of SO42- ion, OH radical and H2O molecules have been identified and discussed. The symmetric stretching vibrations of the SO42- ion of the compounds give an indication of the distorted structure for the SO4 anion in the compounds, the distortion being more in Zn4Cl2(OH)(4)SO4 center dot 5H(2)O. Due to the presence of strong hydrogen bond network, an unusual lowering of the symmetric stretching mode of SO4 is observed in both the compounds. In NaZn4Cl(OH)(6)SO4 center dot 6H(2)O, medium to weak hydrogen bonding network is present while strong to weak hydrogen bonding is present in Zn4Cl2(OH)(4)SO4 center dot 5H(2)O.
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| 40. |
- Jelic, Marko, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Self-Sustainable Island Grids through Optimal Utilization of Renewable Energy Potential and Community Engagement
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 13:13
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Solving the issue of energy security for geographical islands presents a one-of-a-kind problem that has to be tackled from multiple sides and requires an interdisciplinary approach that transcends just technical and social aspects. With many islands suffering in terms of limited and costly energy supply due to their remote location, providing a self-sustainable energy system is of utmost importance for these communities. In order to improve upon the status quo, novel solutions and projects aimed at increasing sustainability not only have to consider optimal utilization of renewable energy potentials in accordance with local conditions, but also must include active community participation. This paper analyzes both of these aspects for island communities and brings them together in an optimization scenario that is utilized to determine the relationship between supposed demand flexibility levels and achievable savings in a setting with variable renewable generation. The results, specifically discussed for a use case with real-world data for the La Graciosa island in Spain, show that boosting community participation and thus unlocking crucial demand flexibility, can be used as a powerful tool to augment novel generation technologies with savings from flexibility at around 7.5% of what is achieved purely by renewable sources.
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| 41. |
- Johansson, Håkan, et al.
(författare)
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Lower bounds on the L2-norms of digital resampling filters with zero-valued input samples
- 2016
-
Ingår i: 2016 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech,and Signal Processing. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9781479999880 - 9781479999873 ; , s. 4533-4537
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper derives lower bounds on the L2-norms of digital resampling filters with zero-valued input samples. This emanates from uniform-grid sampling but where some of the samples are missing. One application is found in time-interleaved analog-to-digital converters with missing samples due to calibration at certain time instances. The square of the L2-norms correspond to scaling of the round-off noise that in practice is always present at the input of the resampling filter. As will be shown through the derived bounds, the L2-norm of the corresponding filter that recovers the missing samples is generally much larger than unity. Consequently, the noise variance is generally much larger for the recovered samples than for the other samples obtained in the sampling process. Based on this observation, the paper also proposes an alternative resampling scheme for which the maximum of all L2-norms in the resampling is reduced.
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| 42. |
- Jourak, Amir
(författare)
-
Modeling Flow and Solute Transport in Packed Beds : Applications in On-site Wastewater Treatment Systems
- 2013
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of separate phosphorus (P) filter units containing replaceable filter materials with a high P binding capacity have been suggested as an appropriate passive method to treat the P from pre-treated domestic wastewater in on-site facilities. A large number of materials have been identified and suggested as being potentially suitable for such filters. Despite the numerous experimental works with these P filter materials there is still a lack of systematic effort to model the P transport and removal in a packed-bed column experiment filled with such materials. Such a methodology is useful for assessing the performance and longevity of a material. Such a model could also have the potential to be used for scale-up and optimization of operational parameters.The overall objective of this thesis is to investigate and develop methods that can be used to model the flow and solute transport in packed beds in general, as well as dissolved P transport and removal in a laboratory-scale packed bed that is filled with P filter materials. Two different model approaches are investigated: discrete and continuum modeling. In the discrete modeling approach, a packed bed is modeled as a porous medium that consists of thousands of discrete particles. In the continuum modeling approach, a packed bed is considered as a single continuum model with effective parameters such as average pore-water velocity and dispersion coefficients describing the movement of a solute in the packed-bed model.In the discrete modeling approach, two- and three-dimensional randomly packed beds of inert cylinders and spheres are considered, respectively. The flow and nonreactive solute transport are modeled in packed-bed models. Voronoi diagrams are applied to discretize the system into cells that each contains one particle. The whole flow pattern for packed-bed models at low particle Reynolds number is obtained by minimization of the dissipation rate of energy. The effective dispersion coefficients that are derived from packed-bed models are in excellent agreement with the previous data in the literature, showing that these methods can successfully model the flow and solute transport in packed beds. One main advantage of the present method is to make it possible to perform pore-scale simulations of flow, mass and heat transfer in porous media and packed beds with many particles. Moreover, these models facilitate the study of the effects of different packing parameters, such as particle-size distribution, porosity and packing structure on the dispersion coefficients. For example, one result is that an increase in the width of the particle-size distribution increases the dispersion coefficients at high velocities. This discrete modeling approach to solve transport problems in porous media is generic and is applicable for studying heat transfer, drying processes, internal erosion in embankment dams, etc.In the continuum modeling approach, the Langmuir isotherm is fitted to measurements obtained from batch experiments. This Langmuir isotherm is further coupled with the one-dimensional advection-dispersion equation and can successfully model the dissolved P effluent curve of a laboratory- scale column experiment. In the next step, the hydro-geochemical transport code PHREEQC is used to model the transport of dissolved P, dissolution of reactive minerals from a calcium-silicate sorbent and precipitation of P- products in a laboratory-scale column experiment. This methodology can successfully simulate the possible dissolved P removal scenario that occurs in the laboratory-scale column containing the calcium-silicate sorbent.
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| 43. |
- Kennedy, S. A., et al.
(författare)
-
Extensive rewiring of the EGFR network in colorectal cancer cells expressing transforming levels of KRASG13D
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 11:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protein-protein-interaction networks (PPINs) organize fundamental biological processes, but how oncogenic mutations impact these interactions and their functions at a network-level scale is poorly understood. Here, we analyze how a common oncogenic KRAS mutation (KRASG13D) affects PPIN structure and function of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) network in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Mapping >6000 PPIs shows that this network is extensively rewired in cells expressing transforming levels of KRASG13D (mtKRAS). The factors driving PPIN rewiring are multifactorial including changes in protein expression and phosphorylation. Mathematical modelling also suggests that the binding dynamics of low and high affinity KRAS interactors contribute to rewiring. PPIN rewiring substantially alters the composition of protein complexes, signal flow, transcriptional regulation, and cellular phenotype. These changes are validated by targeted and global experimental analysis. Importantly, genetic alterations in the most extensively rewired PPIN nodes occur frequently in CRC and are prognostic of poor patient outcomes.
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| 44. |
- Kjellsson, Maria C., et al.
(författare)
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Pharmacokinetic Evaluation of the Penetration of Antituberculosis Agents in Rabbit Pulmonary Lesions
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. - 0066-4804 .- 1098-6596. ; 56:1, s. 446-457
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Standard antituberculosis (anti-TB) therapy requires the use of multiple drugs for a minimum of 6 months, with variable outcomes that are influenced by a number of microbiological, pathological, and clinical factors. This is despite the availability of antibiotics that have good activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and favorable pharmacokinetic profiles in plasma. However, little is known about the distribution of widely used antituberculous agents in the pulmonary lesions where the pathogen resides. The rabbit model of TB infection was used to explore the hypothesis that standard drugs have various abilities to penetrate lung tissue and lesions and that adequate drug levels are not consistently reached at the site of infection. Using noncompartmental and population pharmacokinetic approaches, we modeled the rate and extent of distribution of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and moxifloxacin in rabbit lung and lesions. Moxifloxacin reproducibly showed favorable partitioning into lung and granulomas, while the exposure of isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide in lesions was markedly lower than in plasma. The extent of penetration in lung and lesions followed different trends for each drug. All four agents distributed rapidly from plasma to tissue with equilibration half-lives of less than 1 min to an hour. The models adequately described the plasma concentrations and reasonably captured actual lesion concentrations. Though further refinement is needed to accurately predict the behavior of these drugs in human subjects, our results enable the integration of lesion-specific pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) indices in clinical trial simulations and in in vitro PK-PD studies with M. tuberculosis.
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| 45. |
- Kjellström, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
-
Societal costs associated to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension : A study utilizing linked national registries
- 2023
-
Ingår i: Pulmonary Circulation. - : WILEY. - 2045-8932 .- 2045-8940. ; 13:2
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare but serious complication after a pulmonary embolism. Healthcare resource utilization (HCRU; hospitalization, outpatient visits, and drug utilization) as well as productivity loss (sick leave and disability pension) before and after the CTEPH diagnosis is sparsely studied. By linking several Swedish national databases, this study estimated the societal costs in a national CTEPH cohort (n = 369, diagnosed with CTEPH in 2008−2019) 5 years before and 5 years after diagnosis (index date) and compared to an age, sex, and geographically matched control group (n = 1845, 1:5 match). HCRU and productivity loss were estimated per patient per year. Patients were stratified as operated with pulmonary endarterectomy (PEA group) or not operated (non-PEA group). Direct and indirect societal costs were 2.1 times higher before, and 8.1 times higher after the index date for patients with CTEPH compared to the matched control groups. The higher costs were evident already several years preceding the index date. The main cost driver before the index date in both the PEA and the non-PEA groups was productivity loss. The productivity loss remained high for both groups in the 5-year period following the index date, but the main cost drivers were prescribed drugs and hospitalizations for patients that underwent PEA and prescribed drugs in the non-PEA group. In conclusion, CTEPH was associated with large societal costs related to healthcare consumption and productivity loss, both before and after diagnosis.
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| 46. |
- Klug, Stefanie J, et al.
(författare)
-
TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and cervical cancer : a pooled analysis of individual data from 49 studies
- 2009
-
Ingår i: The Lancet Oncology. - 1470-2045 .- 1474-5488. ; 10:8, s. 772-784
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer is caused primarily by human papillomaviruses (HPV). The polymorphism rs1042522 at codon 72 of the TP53 tumour-suppressor gene has been investigated as a genetic cofactor. More than 80 studies were done between 1998 and 2006, after it was initially reported that women who are homozygous for the arginine allele had a risk for cervical cancer seven times higher than women who were heterozygous for the allele. However, results have been inconsistent. Here we analyse pooled data from 49 studies to determine whether there is an association between TP53 codon 72 polymorphism and cervical cancer. METHODS: Individual data on 7946 cases and 7888 controls from 49 different studies worldwide were reanalysed. Odds ratios (OR) were estimated using logistic regression, stratifying by study and ethnic origin. Subgroup analyses were done for infection with HPV, ethnic origin, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, study quality, and the material used to determine TP53 genotype. FINDINGS: The pooled estimates (OR) for invasive cervical cancer were 1.22 (95% CI 1.08-1.39) for arginine homozygotes compared with heterozygotes, and 1.13 (0.94-1.35) for arginine homozygotes versus proline homozygotes. Subgroup analyses showed significant excess risks only in studies where controls were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (1.71 [1.21-2.42] for arginine homozygotes compared with heterozygotes), in non-epidemiological studies (1.35 [1.15-1.58] for arginine homozygotes compared with heterozygotes), and in studies where TP53 genotype was determined from tumour tissue (1.39 [1.13-1.73] for arginine homozygotes compared with heterozygotes). Null results were noted in studies with sound epidemiological design and conduct (1.06 [0.87-1.29] for arginine homozygotes compared with heterozygotes), and studies in which TP53 genotype was determined from white blood cells (1.06 [0.87-1.29] for arginine homozygotes compared with heterozygotes). INTERPRETATION: Subgroup analyses indicated that excess risks were most likely not due to clinical or biological factors, but to errors in study methods. No association was found between cervical cancer and TP53 codon 72 polymorphism when the analysis was restricted to methodologically sound studies.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Kuemmerli, Christoph, et al.
(författare)
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Impact of enhanced recovery protocols after pancreatoduodenectomy : meta-analysis
- 2022
-
Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 109:3, s. 256-266
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: This individual-patient data meta-analysis investigated the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols compared with conventional care on postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing pancreatoduodenectomy. METHODS: The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched systematically for articles reporting outcomes of ERAS after pancreatoduodenectomy published up to August 2020. Comparative studies were included. Main outcomes were postoperative functional recovery elements, postoperative morbidity, duration of hospital stay, and readmission. RESULTS: Individual-patient data were obtained from 17 of 31 eligible studies comprising 3108 patients. Time to liquid (mean difference (MD) -3.23 (95 per cent c.i. -4.62 to -1.85) days; P < 0.001) and solid (-3.84 (-5.09 to -2.60) days; P < 0.001) intake, time to passage of first stool (MD -1.38 (-1.82 to -0.94) days; P < 0.001) and time to removal of the nasogastric tube (3.03 (-4.87 to -1.18) days; P = 0.001) were reduced with ERAS. ERAS was associated with lower overall morbidity (risk difference (RD) -0.04, 95 per cent c.i. -0.08 to -0.01; P = 0.015), less delayed gastric emptying (RD -0.11, -0.22 to -0.01; P = 0.039) and a shorter duration of hospital stay (MD -2.33 (-2.98 to -1.69) days; P < 0.001) without a higher readmission rate. CONCLUSION: ERAS improved postoperative outcome after pancreatoduodenectomy. Implementation should be encouraged.
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| 49. |
- Kumar, Nallani Vijay, et al.
(författare)
-
Arsenic Directly Binds to and Activates the Yeast AP-1-Like Transcription Factor Yap8.
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Molecular and cellular biology. - 1098-5549. ; 36:6, s. 913-22
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The AP-1-like transcription factor Yap8 is critical for arsenic tolerance in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. However, the mechanism by which Yap8 senses the presence of arsenic and activates transcription of detoxification genes is unknown. Here we demonstrate that Yap8 directly binds to trivalent arsenite [As(III)] in vitro and in vivo and that approximately one As(III) molecule is bound per molecule of Yap8. As(III) is coordinated by three sulfur atoms in purified Yap8, and our genetic and biochemical data identify the cysteine residues that form the binding site as Cys132, Cys137, and Cys274. As(III) binding by Yap8 does not require an additional yeast protein, and Yap8 is regulated neither at the level of localization nor at the level of DNA binding. Instead, our data are consistent with a model in which a DNA-bound form of Yap8 acts directly as an As(III) sensor. Binding of As(III) to Yap8 triggers a conformational change that in turn brings about a transcriptional response. Thus, As(III) binding to Yap8 acts as a molecular switch that converts inactive Yap8 into an active transcriptional regulator. This is the first report to demonstrate how a eukaryotic protein couples arsenic sensing to transcriptional activation.
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| 50. |
- Kurri, Gowtham R., et al.
(författare)
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Multiple Access Channel Simulation
- 2022
-
Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9448 .- 1557-9654. ; 68:11, s. 7575-7603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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