| 1. |
- Bigert, Carolina, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction among professional drivers.
- 2003
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. - 1044-3983 .- 1531-5487. ; 14:3, s. 333-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Professional drivers are at an increased risk of myocardial infarction but the underlying causes for this increased risk are uncertain. METHODS: We identified all first events of myocardial infarction among men age 45-70 years in Stockholm County for 1992 and 1993. We selected controls randomly from the population. Response rates of 72% and 71% resulted in 1067 cases and 1482 controls, respectively. We obtained exposure information from questionnaires. We calculated odds ratios (ORs), with and without adjustment for socioeconomic status, tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, physical inactivity at leisure time, overweight status, diabetes and hypertension. RESULTS: The crude OR among bus drivers was 2.14 (95% confidence interval = 1.34-3.41), among taxi drivers 1.88 (1.19-2.98) and among truck drivers 1.66 (1.22-2.26). Adjustment for potential confounders gave lower ORs: 1.49 (0.90-2.45), 1.34 (0.82-2.19) and 1.10 (0.79-1.53), respectively. Additional adjustment for job strain lowered the ORs only slightly. An exposure-response pattern (by duration of work) was found for bus and taxi drivers. CONCLUSIONS: The high risk among bus and taxi drivers was partly explained by unfavorable life-style factors and social factors. The work environment may contribute to their increased risk. Among truck drivers, individual risk factors seemed to explain most of the elevated risk.
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| 2. |
- Ilar, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction and occupational exposure to motor exhaust : a population-based case-control study in Sweden
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Journal of Epidemiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0393-2990 .- 1573-7284. ; 29:7, s. 517-525
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a well-established association between particulate urban air pollution and cardiovascular disease, but few studies have investigated the risk associated with occupational exposure to particles from motor exhaust. This study investigated the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) after occupational exposure to motor exhaust, using elemental carbon (EC) as a marker of exposure. A population-based case-control study of first-time non-lethal MI was conducted among Swedish citizens in ages 45-70 living in Stockholm County 1992-1994, including 1,643 cases and 2,235 controls. Working histories and data on potential confounders were collected by questionnaire and medical examination. The exposure to EC was assessed through a job-exposure matrix. Odds ratios (ORs) and corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by unconditional logistic regression. We investigated various exposure metrics: intensity, cumulative exposure and years since exposure. There was an exposure-response relation between the highest average exposure intensity during the work history and the risk of MI when adjusting for smoking and alcohol drinking (p for trend 0.034), with an OR of 1.30 (95 % CI 0.99-1.71) in the highest tertile of exposure compared to the unexposed. An exposure-response pattern was observed in the analysis of years since exposure cessation among formerly exposed. Additional adjustments for markers of the metabolic syndrome reduced ORs and trends to non-significant levels, although this might be an over-adjustment since the metabolic syndrome may be part of the causal pathway. Occupational exposure to motor exhaust was associated with a moderately increased risk of MI.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Norlén, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to inorganic particles during pregnancy and birth outcomes : A nationwide cohort study in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: BMJ Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate if occupational exposure to inorganic particles or welding fumes during pregnancy is associated with negative birth outcomes. Design A prospective national cohort study. Setting All single births from 1994 to 2012 in Sweden. Information on birth weight, preterm birth, small for gestational age, smoking habits, nationality, age, occupation, absence from work and education was obtained from nationwide registers. Exposure to inorganic particles (mg/m 3) was assessed from a job exposure matrix. Participants This study included all single births by occupationally active mothers (995 843). Outcome measures Associations between occupational exposures and negative birth outcomes in the form of low birth weight, preterm birth and small for gestational age. Results Mothers who had high exposure to inorganic particles and had less than 50 days (median) of absence from work during pregnancy showed an increased risk of preterm birth (OR 1.18; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.30), low birth weight (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.48) as well as small for gestational age (OR 1.20; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.39). The increased risks were driven by exposure to iron particles. No increased risks were found in association with exposure to stone and concrete particles. High exposure to welding fumes was associated with an increased risk of low birth weight (OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02 to 1.45) and preterm birth (OR 1.24; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.42). Conclusions The results indicate that pregnant women should not be exposed to high levels of iron particles or welding fumes.
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| 5. |
- Norlén, Filip, et al.
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to organic particles and combustion products during pregnancy and birth outcome in a nationwide cohort study in Sweden
- 2019
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Ingår i: Occupational and environmental medicine. - : BMJ. - 1351-0711 .- 1470-7926. ; 76:8, s. 537-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To study if children of women exposed to organic particles and combustion products at work during pregnancy, have an increased risk of low birth weight, preterm birth or small for gestational age. Methods: A nationwide cohort of all occupationally active mothers and their children from single births during 1994 to the end of 2012 (1 182 138 observations) was formed. Information on birth outcome was obtained from the medical birth register. Information on absence from work, education, occupation, age, nationality and smoking habits was obtained from national registers. A job exposure matrix (FINJEM) was used to assess the exposure. Results: Pregnant women with low absence from work and high (>50th percentile) exposure to organic particles had an increased risk of giving birth to children with low birth weight (OR=1.19; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.32), small for gestational age (OR=1.22; 95% CI: 1.07 to 1.38) or preterm birth (OR=1.17; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.27). Subgroup analyses showed an increased risk of small for gestational age in association with exposure to oil mist. Exposure to oil mist and cooking fumes was associated with low birth weight. Paper and other organic dust was associated with preterm birth. Exposure to combustion products showed an increased risk of small for gestational age (OR=1.40; 95% CI: 1.15 to 1.71). Conclusions: The results indicate that occupational exposure to organic particles or combustion products during pregnancy is associated with restriction of fetal growth and preterm birth. More studies are needed to confirm a casual association.
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| 6. |
- Svedberg, Urban, 1957-
(författare)
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Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy in Industrial Hygiene Applications : Assessment of Emissions from and Exposures in Wood Processing Industries
- 2004
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis evaluates the use of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) as an approach to the increasingly difficult air sampling challenges within the field of occupational and environmental hygiene. The application of FTIR is exemplified by the assessment of emissions from and exposures in the sawmill and pellet industries. Open path FTIR was applied in the sawsheds and the terpene levels were monitored for several days. Traditional adsorbent sampling was used to evaluate the FTIR measurements. The volatile emissions from wood pellets were investigated in warehouses and in domestic storage rooms. The installation of open path FTIR in the harsh sawmill environment proved useful, however, attention must be paid to vibrations, beam blockage and limited sensitivity. Adsorbent sampling showed good agreement with open path FTIR. The uncontrolled airflows in sawsheds caused significant underestimation of emission rates. By the use of FTIR and a tracer gas a more accurate estimate was obtained. The total emission from processing of Scots pine was estimated to 660 g/m3 of roundwood under bark, and can amount to 700 tons annually from a large sawmill.Hexanal (111±32 mg/m3) and CO (56±4mg/m3) were recorded in pellet warehouses. Storage of wood pellets constitutes a potential occupational and domestic health hazard. Experiments from kiln drying of lumber show that the emissions of hexanal and carbon monoxide are not limited to wood pellets but are caused by general degradation processes of wood, facilitated by drying at elevated temperature. This is the first published report where low-temperature emission of carbon monoxide from wood materials is described. The FTIR method is a significant advancement in measurement technology. The retrieved data offers unparalleled information. It offers robust, convenient and efficient monitoring of gases over extended periods. FTIR spectroscopy should be considered a standard technique within the field of occupational and environmental hygiene.
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| 7. |
- Videnros, Cecilia, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating the risk of breast cancer among women exposed to chemicals : a nested case–control study using improved exposure estimates
- 2020
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Ingår i: International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0340-0131 .- 1432-1246. ; 93:2, s. 261-269
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The aim of this study was to examine if exposures to chemicals at the workplace were associated with an increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, using improved exposure estimates. Methods: The design is a case–control study, nested within a cohort of women from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The study comprised 2400 women, 731 cases and 1669 matched controls, born 1923–1950 and living in Malmö, Sweden between 1991 and 1996. An occupational hygienist reclassified the probability for exposure given by a job-exposure matrix, using individual data on work tasks. First-time diagnoses of invasive breast cancer were identified through the Swedish Cancer Registry. Results: Women exposed to chemicals in their occupational environment had a statistically significantly increased risk (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.11–2.29) of breast cancer, and the risk correlated positively with duration of exposure but not with exposure intensity. Women exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents for more than 10 years had a significant higher risk of breast cancer (OR 3.06, 95% CI 1.18–7.96) as well as women exposed to oil mist for more than 10 years (OR 3.08, 95% CI 1.12–8.49). Conclusions: This study gives some support to the hypothesis that exposure to organic solvents as well as oil mist is associated with increased risk of breast cancer.
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| 8. |
- Westerlund, Jessica, 1983-
(författare)
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Occupational exposure to trichloramine and trihalomethanes : adverse respiratory and ocular effects among Swedish indoor swimming pool workers
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Occupational exposure in swimming pool facilities related to disinfection by-products (DBPs) has been an issue for the last 15 years. Trichloramine (NCl3) and trihalomethanes (THMs) are DBPs formed in swimming pool water following a reaction between organic matter containing nitrogen or organic or inorganic matter, and chlorine. Due to its volatility, trichloramine can easily evaporate into the air and cause nausea and irritation of the eyes and upper airways. Symptoms are likely to be particularly pronounced in those suffering from asthma. Chloroform is the dominant THM in swimming pool atmospheres and is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as being possibly carcinogenic to humans. There are no adverse health effects reported among swimming pool employees due to occupational exposure levels of THMs found in the air at swimming pools.There is no OEL for trichloramine adapted in Sweden, but some reference values and recommendations based on stationary measurements at the pool side are available. In 2006, the World Health Organisation (WHO) recommended a reference value for trichloramine of 500 μg/m3. The Swedish OEL for chloroform is 10 000 μg/m3.This thesis describes research into the occupational exposure to airborne trichloramine and THMs in eight Swedish indoor swimming pool facilities and the investigation into the prevalence of adverse health effects, manifesting primarily as ocular and respiratory symptoms.Concentrations of trichloramine and chloroform in Swedish indoor swimming pool facilities were found to be in the same range or lower compared to previous studies in other countries. The trichloramine concentrations varied between <1 and 240 μg/m3 for the personal sampling and between <1 and 640 μg/m3 for the stationary sampling. Personal trichloramine levels in the high-exposure group were more than 60% higher compared to the corresponding stationary measurements. The exposed group had a higher frequency of self-reported ocular and nasal symptoms compared to the controls. A significant difference in the concentration of exhaled FENO over a work shift with an increase in the exposed group, indicated acute airway inflammation due to respiratory irritant agent exposure. Although a dose-response effect could not be established, the results indicate an elevated risk of occupational health problems in indoor swimming pools and calls for an OEL to be established, based on personal sampling.
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