| 1. |
- Alhamimi, Said, et al.
(författare)
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Alterations in the plasma metabolite profile associated with improved hepatic function and glycemia in mice fed lingonberry supplemented high-fat diets
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular Nutrition and Food Research. - : Wiley. - 1613-4125. ; 61:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scope: Lingonberries have been shown to reduce the detrimental effects of high-fat diet (HFD) on weight gain, plasma glucose, and inflammation. However, the extent of effects was recently shown to vary between different batches of berries. Here, we examine the metabolic response to two independent batches of lingonberries. Methods and results: Alterations in the phenotype and circulating metabolome elicited by three matched HFDs, two of which containing lingonberries (L1D and L2D) from different sources, were investigated. Glycemia was improved only in mice fed L1D, whereas liver function was improved and inflammation reduced in mice fed both L1D and L2D, compared to mice fed HFD. The unique improvement in glycemia elicited by L1D was associated with a 21% increase in circulating levels of fatty acids. Increased levels of phosphatidylcholines (62%) and lysophosphatidylcholines (28%) and decreased levels of serine (−13%) and sphingomyelins (−26%) were observed in mice fed L1D and L2D, as compared to HFD. Conclusion: The unique improvement in glycemia in mice fed L1D was associated with a normal metabolic control with an altered set point. Moreover, the batch-independent reduction in liver steatosis and inflammation, was associated with an altered sphingomyelin metabolism.
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| 2. |
- Ares, Ana M., et al.
(författare)
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Fast determination of intact glucosinolates in broccoli leaf by pressurized liquid extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry
- 2015
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Ingår i: Food Research International. - : Elsevier BV. - 0963-9969. ; 76, s. 498-505
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we investigate for the first time the efficiency of an environmentally sustainable extraction technique (pressurized liquid extraction, PIE) in conjunction with a fast separation technique (ultra-high performance liquid chromatography, UHPLC) coupled to a selective mass spectrometry (MS) detector (quadrupole time-of-flight, qTOF) to extract, separate and quantify fifteen intact-glucosinolates (GLSs) in broccoli leaves. Firstly, we have developed and optimized by means of an experimental design an efficient extraction procedure based on PLE (using ethanol/water as a solvent), giving complete extraction within 15 min; meanwhile, the average analyte recoveries were between 85% and 96% in all cases. Chromatography was performed on a UHPLC BEH Shield RP181.7 mu m 110 angstrom (2.1 x 100 mm) analytical column with a mobile phase composed by formic add in water (0.5%, v/v) and formic acid in acetonitrile (0524 v/v) in gradient elution mode at 03 mL/min, resulted in baseline-separated peaks and a run time of 13 min. The method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ), linearity, precision, and trueness; meanwhile a study of the matrix effect was also performed. A good selectivity, low LODs and LOQs, ranging from 2 to 26 mu g/g, wide linear ranges from LOQ to 2500 mu g/g, and satisfactory precision and trueness with relative standard deviation and relative error values lower than or equal to 9%, were obtained for the studied GLSs. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the analysis of intact-GLSs in fifteen broccoli leaf samples from three different cultivars (Parthenon, Nubia, and Naxos). Nine intact-GLSs were detected in all the varieties, although in different concentrations, which ranged between 14 and 1136 mu g/g, depending on the broccoli cultivar. In addition, the highest total content of GLSs was found in broccoli leaf samples from Parthenon cultivar, being the Naxos cultivar the poorest in GLS content. This study demonstrates the efficiency of PLE as an environmentally sustainable alternative to extract intact-GLS from broccoli leaves, and that UHPLC-qTOE-MS allowed a rapid, selective and sensitive determination of intact-GLSs in this matrix. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 3. |
- Cindya Zanzer, Yoghatama, et al.
(författare)
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Polyphenol-rich spice-based beverages modulated postprandial early glycaemia, appetite and PYY after breakfast challenge in healthy subjects : A randomized, single blind, crossover study
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Functional Foods. - : Elsevier BV. - 1756-4646. ; 35, s. 574-583
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Spices are rich in distinct polyphenols which might act on the gut by inhibiting glucose uptake and modulating appetite responses. To investigate this hypothesis, healthy adults were randomly assigned to receive isovolumetric (220 ml) spice-based (contained total polyphenol concentration to 185 mg gallic-acid equivalents) or control beverages followed by a standard bread breakfast containing 50 g available carbohydrates in a cross-over trial. Postprandial glucose, insulin, PYY and appetite responses were evaluated. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS) was used for polyphenols profiling. Cinnamon and turmeric lowered early blood glucose increment up to 45 min compared to control. Turmeric increased p-PYY and lowered ‘desire to eat’ and ‘prospective consumption (quantity of food wanted to it)’ compared to control. By offering appetite modulation and glucose lowering effects, certain spices (e.g. turmeric and cinnamon) may be important in lowering cardiometabolic risk.
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| 4. |
- Hermund, Ditte B., et al.
(författare)
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Structure dependent antioxidant capacity of phlorotannins from Icelandic Fucus vesiculosus by UHPLC-DAD-ECD-QTOFMS
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146. ; 240, s. 904-909
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brown algae are rich in polyphenolic compounds, phlorotannins, which have been found to possess high in vitro antioxidant capacity, especially DPPH radical scavenging activity, due to the high number of hydroxyl groups. Whereas, the overall antioxidant capacity of brown algae extracts has been widely studied, the antioxidant capacity of individual phlorotannins has been rarely explored. The aim of this study was to determine the structure dependant antioxidant capacity of phlorotannins from Icelandic brown algae, Fucus vesiculosus. The antioxidant capacity of individual phlorotannins was determined by an on-line method using liquid chromatography and an electrochemical detector followed by quadrupole Time of Flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ECD-QTOFMS). Tentative structural elucidation of 13 phlorotannin isomers from EAF was obtained by LC-DAD-QTOFMS, ranging from 374 to 870 Da. On-line determination of antioxidant capacity of the individual phlorotannins generally showed that low molecular phlorotannins exhibited higher antioxidant capacity and that the capacity decreased with polymerisation.
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| 5. |
- Heyman Lindén, Lovisa, et al.
(författare)
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Lingonberries alter the gut microbiota and prevent low-grade inflammation in high-fat diet fed mice
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food & Nutrition Research. - : SNF Swedish Nutrition Foundation. - 1654-6628 .- 1654-661X. ; 60
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The gut microbiota plays an important role in the development of obesity and obesity-associated impairments such as low-grade inflammation. Lingonberries have been shown to prevent diet-induced obesity and low-grade inflammation. However, it is not known whether the effect of lingonberry supplementation is related to modifications of the gut microbiota. The aim of the present study was to describe whether consumption of different batches of lingonberries alters the composition of the gut microbiota, which could be relevant for the protective effect against high fat (HF)-induced metabolic alterations. Methods: Three groups of C57BL/6J mice were fed HF diet with or without a supplement of 20% lingonberries from two different batches (Lingon1 and Lingon2) during 11 weeks. The composition and functionality of the cecal microbiota were assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing and PICRUSt. In addition, parameters related to obesity, insulin sensitivity, hepatic steatosis, inflammation and gut barrier function were examined. Results: HF-induced obesity was only prevented by the Lingon1 diet, whereas both batches of lingonberries reduced plasma levels of markers of inflammation and endotoxemia (SAA and LBP) as well as modified the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota, compared to the HF control group. The relative abundance of Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium, genera associated with healthy gut mucosa and antiinflammation, was found to increase in response to lingonberry intake. Conclusions: Our results show that supplementation with lingonberries to an HF diet prevents low-grade inflammation and is associated with significant changes of the microbiota composition. Notably, the antiinflammatory properties of lingonberries seem to be independent of effects on body weight gain.
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| 6. |
- Jumaah, Firas, et al.
(författare)
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A fast and sensitive method for the separation of carotenoids using ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry
- 2016
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 408:21, s. 5883-5894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, a rapid and sensitive ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UHPSFC-MS) method has been developed and partially validated for the separation of carotenoids within less than 6 min. Six columns of orthogonal selectivity were examined, and the best separation was obtained by using a 1-aminoanthracene (1-AA) column. The length of polyene chain as well as the number of hydroxyl groups in the structure of the studied carotenoids determines their differences in the physiochemical properties and thus the separation that is achieved on this column. All of the investigated carotenoids were baseline separated with resolution values greater than 1.5. The effects of gradient program, back pressure, and column temperature were studied with respect to chromatographic properties such as retention and selectivity. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) were compared in both positive and negative mode, using both direct infusion and hyphenated with UHPSFC. The ESI in positive mode provided the highest response. The coefficient of determination (R2) for all calibration curves were greater than 0.998. Limit of detection (LOD) was in the range of 2.6 and 25.2 ng/mL for α-carotene and astaxanthin, respectively, whereas limit of quantification (LOQ) was in the range of 7.8 and 58.0 ng/mL for α-carotene and astaxanthin, respectively. Repeatability and intermediate precision of the developed UHPSFC-MS method were determined and found to be RSD <3 % and RSD <6 %, respectively. The method was applied in order to determine carotenoids in supercritical fluid extracts of microalgae and rosehip. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
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| 7. |
- Nilsson, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of a mixed berry beverage on cognitive functions and cardiometabolic risk markers; A randomized cross-over study in healthy older adults
- 2017
-
Ingår i: PLoS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 12:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Berries and associated bioactive compounds, e.g. polyphenols and dietary fibre (DF), may have beneficial implications with respect to the metabolic syndrome, including also cognitive functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate effects on cognitive functions and cardiometabolic risk markers of 5 wk intervention with a mixture of berries, in healthy humans. Methods: Forty healthy subjects between 50–70 years old were provided a berry beverage based on a mixture of berries (150g blueberries, 50g blackcurrant, 50g elderberry, 50g lingonberries, 50g strawberry, and 100g tomatoes) or a control beverage, daily during 5 weeks in a randomized crossover design. The control beverage (water based) was matched with respect to monosaccharides, pH, and volume. Cognitive tests included tests of working memory capacity, selective attention, and psychomotor reaction time. Cardiometabolic test variables investigated were blood pressure, fasting blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, blood lipids, inflammatory markers, and markers of oxidative stress. Results: The daily amounts of total polyphenols and DF from the berry beverage were 795 mg and 11g, respectively. There were no polyphenols or DF in the control beverage. The berry intervention reduced total- and LDL cholesterol compared to baseline (both P<0.05), and in comparison to the control beverage (P<0.005 and P<0.01, respectively). The control beverage increased glucose concentrations (P<0.01) and tended to increase insulin concentrations (P = 0.064) from base line, and increased insulin concentrations in comparison to the berry beverage (P<0.05). Subjects performed better in the working memory test after the berry beverage compared to after the control beverage (P<0.05). No significant effects on the other test variables were observed. Conclusions: The improvements in cardiometabolic risk markers and cognitive performance after the berry beverage suggest preventive potential of berries with respect to type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and associated cognitive decline. Possibly the polyphenols and DF contributed to the beneficial effects. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01562392.
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| 8. |
- Plaza, Merichel, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of antioxidant polyphenols from Myrciaria jaboticaba peel and their effects on glucose metabolism and antioxidant status : A pilot clinical study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Food Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0308-8146. ; 211, s. 185-197
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Brazilian berries, such as Myrciaria jaboticaba (jaboticaba), are good sources of polyphenols with a recognized function in oxidative stress attenuation proved in non-clinical studies. In the present study, the polyphenols profile and their contribution to the antioxidant capacity of the jaboticaba peel were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array (DAD), electrochemical (ECD), charged aerosol (CAD), and mass spectrometry (MS) detections. Anthocyanins, ellagitannins and gallotannins, ellagic acid and derivatives, and flavonols were found in jaboticaba. Anthocyanins were the phenolics found in higher concentrations. However, ellagitannins were the main contributors to the total antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the effect of jaboticaba peel intake on antioxidant and glucose parameters in a single-blind placebo-controlled crossover study was investigated. The serum antioxidant capacity was significantly higher when the subjects had consumed the test meal containing jaboticaba. Serum insulin decreased subsequent to the second meal at 4 h after jaboticaba peel consumption.
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| 9. |
- Plaza, Merichel, et al.
(författare)
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Extraction and Neoformation of Antioxidant Compounds by Pressurized Hot Water Extraction from Apple Byproducts
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 61:23, s. 5500-5510
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is a great interest in searching for new environmentally sustainable techniques to enhance the use of agricultural byproducts. In this work, a response surface methodology was used to study the influence of the two independent variables, temperature (25-200 degrees C) and extraction time (3-17 min), in the extraction of antioxidants by pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) from industrial apple byproducts. The optimized extraction method for determination of flavonols was at 120 degrees C and 3 min, giving a predicted total yield of flavonols of 1.3 mu mol/g dry apple byproduct Results obtained suggest that new antioxidant compounds were formed at the higher extraction temperatures. A desirability function response surface, considering maximum antioxidant capacity and minimal formation of brown color, was calculated and gave an optimum of 125 degrees C and 3 min. This latter PHWE method correlates well with the obtained results for flavonols; thus, a desirability function is a simpler alternative method for finding optimal conditions.
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| 10. |
- Plaza, Merichel, et al.
(författare)
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Green and Efficient Extraction Method to Determine Polyphenols in Cocoa and Cocoa Products
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Food Analytical Methods. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1936-9751 .- 1936-976X. ; 10:8, s. 2677-2691
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cocoa and cocoa products have broad and well-proven health benefits, most of which are associated with the high antioxidant capacity of cocoa flavonoids. Most extraction methods for flavonoids in cocoa products use several steps including a defatting step and large amount of organic solvents. Moreover, they are labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this work, a pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) method has been compared to conventional sonication extraction (CSE) method. The contribution of individual compounds to the total antioxidant capacity of the extracts was evaluated by developing an analytical technique consisting of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with photodiode array coupled to electrochemical and to charged aerosol detectors and HPLC-mass spectrometry for the confirmation of the identity of compounds present. Additionally, procyanidins were analyzed by fluorescence detection. PHWE turned out to be more efficient in extracting phenolics and methylxanthines, as compared to the conventional method, in addition to being more “green” in terms of using less organic solvents.
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| 11. |
- Plaza, Merichel, et al.
(författare)
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Pressurized hot water extraction of bioactives
- 2015
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Ingår i: Trac. Trends in Analytical Chemistry. - : Elsevier BV. - 0165-9936. ; 71, s. 39-54
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this review is to give the reader a thorough background to the fundamentals and applications of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the analysis of bioactive compounds. We summarize the field in the period 2009-14, and include fundamentals of water as a solvent: equipment; method optimization; applications; coupling; and, future prospects. We highlight that solvent properties of water are tunable by changing the temperature, particularly self-ionization, dielectric constant, viscosity, diffusivity, density and surface tension. Furthermore, important aspects to consider are the risk of degradation of the analytes and other potential reactions, such as hydrolysis, caramelization and Maillard reactions that may lead to erroneous results. For the extraction of bioactive compounds, we report PHWE methods based on using water of 80-175 degrees C and short extraction times. In conclusion, PHWE provides advantages over conventional extraction methods, such as being "greener", faster and more efficient. (C) 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.
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| 12. |
- Plaza, Merichel, et al.
(författare)
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Pressurized Hot Water Extraction of Bioactives
- 2017
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Ingår i: Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry. - : Elsevier. - 0166-526X. ; 76, s. 53-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this book chapter is to give the reader a thorough background to the fundamentals and applications of pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) for the analysis of bioactive compounds. The chapter summarizes the field for 2009-2014 and includes fundamentals of water as a solvent; equipment; method optimization; a few selected applications; hyphenations and future aspects. It is highlighted that solvent properties of water are tuneable by changing the temperature, of which the most pronounced are self-ionization, dielectric constant, viscosity, diffusivity, density and surface tension. Furthermore, important aspects to consider are the risk of degradation of the analytes and other potential reactions such as hydrolysis, caramelization and Maillard reactions that may lead to erroneous results. For the extraction of bioactive compounds, PHWE methods reported are based on using water at 80-175°C and short extraction times. In conclusion, PHWE provides advantages over conventional extraction methods, such as being 'greener', faster and more efficient.
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| 13. |
- Plaza, Merichel, et al.
(författare)
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Substituent Effects on in Vitro Antioxidizing Properties, Stability, and Solubility in Flavonoids
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0021-8561 .- 1520-5118. ; 62:15, s. 3321-3333
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antioxidants are widely used by humans, both as dietary supplements and as additives to different types of products. The desired properties of an antioxidant often include a balance between the antioxidizing capacity, stability, and solubility. This review focuses on flavonoids, which are naturally occurring antioxidants, and different common substituent groups on flavonoids and how these affect the properties of the molecules in vitro. Hydroxyl groups on flavonoids are both important for the antioxidizing capacity and key points for further modification resulting in O-methylation, -glycosylation, -sulfation, or -acylation. The effects of O-glycosylation and acylation are discussed as these types of substitutions have been most explored in vitro concerning antioxidizing properties as well as stability and solubility. Possibilities to control the properties by enzymatic acylation and glycosylation are also reviewed, showing that depending on the choice of enzyme and substrate, regioselective results can be obtained, introducing possibilities for more targeted production of antioxidants with predesigned properties.
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| 14. |
- Pozzo, Tania, et al.
(författare)
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Glycosynthases from Thermotoga neapolitana beta-glucosidase 1A: A comparison of alpha-glucosyl fluoride and in situ-generated alpha-glycosyl formate donors
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Molecular Catalysis B: Enzymatic. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3158 .- 1381-1177. ; 107, s. 132-139
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- TnBgl1A from the thermophile Thermotoga neapolitana is a dimeric beta-glucosidase that belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 1 (GH1), with hydrolytic activity through the retaining mechanism, and a broad substrate specificity acting on beta-1,4-, beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-linkages over a range of glyco-oligosaccharides. Three variants of the enzyme (TnBgl1A_E349G, TnBgl1A_E349A and TnBgl1A_E349S), mutated at the catalytic nucleophile, were constructed to evaluate their glycosynthase activity towards oligosaccharide synthesis. Two approaches were used for the synthesis reactions, both of which utilized 4-nitrophenyl beta-D-glucopyranoside (4NPGIc) as an acceptor molecule: the first using an alpha-glucosyl fluoride donor at low temperature (35 degrees C) in a classical glycosynthase reaction, and the second by in situ generation of the glycosyl donor with (4NPGIc), where formate served as the exogenous nucleophile under higher temperature (70 degrees C). Using the first approach, TnBgl1A_E349G and TnBgl1A_E349A synthesized disaccharides with beta-1,3-linkages in good yields (up to 61%) after long incubations (15 h). However, the GH1 glycosynthase Bg13_E383A from a mesophilic Streptomyces sp., used as reference enzyme, generated a higher yield at the same temperature with both a shorter reaction time and a lower enzyme concentration. The second approach yielded disaccharides for all three mutants with predominantly beta-1,3-linkages (up to 45%) but also beta-1,4-linkages (up to 12.5%), after 7 h reaction time. The TnBgl1A glycosynthases were also used for glycosylation of flavonoids, using the two described approaches. Quercetin-3-glycoside was tested as an acceptor molecule and the resultant product was quercetin-3,4'-diglycosides in significantly lower yields, indicating that TnBgl1A preferentially selects 4NPGIc as the acceptor. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Ron, Emanuel, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of carotenoids in Rhodothermus marinus
- 2018
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Ingår i: MicrobiologyOpen. - : Wiley. - 2045-8827. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rhodothermus marinus, a marine aerobic thermophile, was first isolated from an intertidal hot spring in Iceland. In recent years, the R. marinus strain PRI 493 has been genetically modified, which opens up possibilities for targeted metabolic engineering of the species, such as of the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. In this study, the carotenoids of the R. marinus type-strain DSM 4252T, strain DSM 4253, and strain PRI 493 were characterized. Bioreactor cultivations were used for pressurized liquid extraction and analyzed by ultra-high performance supercritical fluid chromatography with diode array and quadropole time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (UHPSFC-DAD-QTOF/MS). Salinixanthin, a carotenoid originally found in Salinibacter ruber and previously detected in strain DSM 4253, was identified in all three R. marinus strains, both in the hydroxylated and nonhydroxylated form. Furthermore, an additional and structurally distinct carotenoid was detected in the three strains. MS/MS fragmentation implied that the mass difference between salinixanthin and the novel carotenoid structure corresponded to the absence of a 4-keto group on the ß-ionone ring. The study confirmed the lack of carotenoids for the strain SB-71 (ΔtrpBΔpurAcrtBI’::trpB) in which genes encoding two enzymes of the proposed pathway are partially deleted. Moreover, antioxidant capacity was detected in extracts of all the examined R. marinus strains and found to be 2–4 times lower for the knock-out strain SB-71. A gene cluster with 11 genes in two operons in the R. marinusDSM 4252T genome was identified and analyzed, in which several genes were matched with carotenoid biosynthetic pathway genes in other organisms.
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| 16. |
- Struck, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Berry pomace - A review of processing and chemical analysis of its polyphenols
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Food Science and Technology. - : Wiley. - 0950-5423. ; 51:6, s. 1305-1318
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article gives an overview on the work available on methods for berry pomace processing, on methods for polyphenol extraction and on methods for polyphenol analysis. Additionally, previous reviews on fruit pomace have been identified and categorised with respect to pomace origin, and the scientific focus of the work. Data on berry pomace proximate composition are compiled, as are methods applied for processing and stabilising pomace. The article also discusses how processing methods influence juice and pomace yield, the transfer of value compounds from the fruit to either juice or pomace and the techno-functional properties of the pomace. Methods for polyphenol extraction are summarised and interpreted, and the state-of-the-art methods for polyphenol analysis are presented in line with respective sample preparation procedures. Knowledge gaps that were identified strongly indicate that systematic work has to be done to make berry pomace available as a valuable plant-based ingredient for processed foods.
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| 17. |
- Vásquez-Villanueva, Romy, et al.
(författare)
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A sustainable approach for the extraction of cholesterol-lowering compounds from an olive by-product based on CO2-expanded ethyl acetate
- 2019
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Ingår i: Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1618-2642 .- 1618-2650. ; 411:22, s. 5885-5896
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Olive (Olea europaea) processing results in large amounts of by-products that contain valuable molecules such as phenolic compounds and phytosterols. These molecules have demonstrated to reduce blood cholesterol levels. This work proposes the development of a method to obtain simultaneously phenolic compounds and phytosterols from the olive stone using CO2-expanded liquid extraction. Hansen solubility parameters were employed for the theoretical prediction of the most suitable bio-based solvent to extract target compounds. The Box–Behnken experimental design was employed to select the optimal conditions of pressure (8–25 MPa), the molar fraction of CO2 in ethyl acetate (0.15–0.55), and the temperature (40–80 °C). Extracts showing the highest and the lowest reductions of micellar cholesterol solubility capacity were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry to find out the compounds responsible for this activity. Different phenolic compounds, free fatty acids, and phytosterols were identified in the extracts. β-Sitosterol and, especially, tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol were the compounds that primarily contributed to the reduction of micellar cholesterol solubility capacity.
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| 18. |
- Xu, Jie, et al.
(författare)
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Probiotic fruit beverages with different polyphenol profiles attenuated early insulin response
- 2018
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Ingår i: Nutrition Journal. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1475-2891. ; 17:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Consumption of polyphenol-rich fruits and vegetables may improve postprandial glucose and insulin levels and hence promote well-being. Previously it has been observed that consumption of bilberry decreases the postprandial insulin demand. The intention with the present study was to compare the impact of different supplements with various polyphenol profiles, on the postprandial glucose and insulin responses in healthy young adults. Methods: In a randomized, controlled, crossover study the postprandial glycemic and insulin responses were observed in eleven healthy adults after intake of five different beverages containing bilberry (European blueberry), blackcurrant, beetroot, mango and rose hip, respectively; all drinks were enriched with the same composition of fermented oatmeal and probiotics. The control was a glucose drink. The profile and content of the polyphenols in the different beverages were determined by HPLC-DAD analysis. The antioxidative capacity of the different beverages were measured by TEAC and DPPH assays. Results: Beverages containing bilberry, blackcurrant, mango or rose hip significantly attenuated the early postprandial insulin response (0-90 min), but showed no effect on glucose response. Drinks with bilberry or rose hip reduced the insulin response from the very early phase (0-30 min), and had significantly lower insulin index compared with the control. The efficiency of the bilberry and rose hip to decrease early postprandial insulin responses correlated with higher phenolic contents. Conclusions: Supplements with bilberry, blackcurrant, mango or rose hip in the tested probiotic and oatmeal enriched beverage attenuated early-phase insulin response, but had no effect on the postprandial glycemic response. The improved ability of bilberry and rose hip to lower the very early phase of insulin response seems to be due to a higher phenolic content. Trial registration: The study was retrospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov with number NCT03159065.
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| 19. |
- Zanzer, Yoghatama Cindya, et al.
(författare)
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Black pepper-based beverage induced appetite-suppressing effects without altering postprandial glycaemia, gut and thyroid hormones or gastrointestinal well-being : A randomized crossover study in healthy subjects
- 2018
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Ingår i: Food and Function. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2042-6496 .- 2042-650X. ; 9:5, s. 2774-2786
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pleiotropic effects of spices on health, particularly on glucose metabolism and energy regulation, deserve further clinical investigation into their efficacy. The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether consumption of a black pepper-based beverage (BPB) preload containing 20 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) would exert any effect on postprandial glycaemia, appetite sensations, gut hormones, thyroid function, and gastrointestinal well-being after a white wheat bread (WWB) challenge meal containing 50 g available carbohydrates (CHO) compared to a control beverage. Sixteen healthy subjects (10 men; 6 women; 26 ± 0.9 years; BMI 22.93 ± 0.53 kg m-2) completed a randomized, crossover intervention study. The BPB's bioactive compounds were characterized using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer with an electrospray ionization source (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS). Nine compounds tentatively identified in BPB include: dihydroxybenzoic acid hexoside-pentoside, decaffeoyl-acteoside, cynaroside A, apigenin 6,8-di-C-hexoside, luteolin 6-C-hexoside-8-C-rhamnoside, apigenin 8-C-hexoside-C-deoxyhexoside, kaempferol 3-rhamnoside-4′-xyloside, apigenin 7-neohesperidoside, and apigenin-8-C-arabinopyranoside-2′′-rhamnoside. Blood glucose and serum insulin responses, insulin sensitivity and β-cell function were not affected during the acute intervention with BPB. Neither were effects on gastrointestinal well-being observed after BPB. However, BPB modulated overall acute appetite by lowering 'hunger', 'desire to eat', and 'prospective consumption', and increasing 'satiety' and 'fullness'. In contrast, there were no changes in gut (peptide tyrosine-tyrosine [PYY] and glucagon-like peptide-1 [GLP-1]) and thyroid (triiodothyronine [T3] and thyroxine [T4]) hormones after BPB compared to the control beverage. In conclusion, inclusion of BPB prior to the WWB challenge meal might be beneficial for appetite modulation, but we did not find supporting evidence in glycaemia, gut and thyroid hormones. Further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms of appetite-reducing pungent spices, such as black pepper.
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