| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Aguado, M. T., et al.
(författare)
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Species delimitation in Amblyosyllis (Annelida, Syllidae)
- 2019
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 14:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Amblyosyllis is a worldwide distributed group of annelids mainly found in coastal environments. It is well known among the polychaete specialists mostly because of its notable beauty, showing bright colourful patterns and outstanding long and coiled appendices. Amblyosyllis is a monophyletic genus easy to identify due to its distinct diagnostic features; however, the species and their boundaries are, in most cases, not well defined. Herein, we provide an extensive sample of Amblyosyllis material (115 specimens) from several world geographic areas. We have studied the morphological features of each specimen and photographed them alive. Two mitochondrial DNA markers (COI and 16S) and one nuclear gene fragment (28S, D1 region) were sequenced. We performed phylogenetic analyses based on each DNA partition, as well as the combined data sets, obtaining congruent results. Species delimitation methods such as distance analyses, statistical parsimony networks and multi-rate Poisson tree processes were also applied. The combined results obtained from different methodologies and data sets are used to differentiate between, at least, 19 lineages compatible with the separately evolving meta-populations species concept. Four of these lineages are identified as nominal species, including the type species of Amblyosyllis, A. rhombeata. For three other lineages previously synonymized names are recovered, and seven lineages are described as new species. All of these species are described and supported by appropriate iconography. We recognize several morphological characters useful to identify species of Amblyosyllis, which in some cases should also be combined with molecular methods for species delineation. The genetic divergence in the genus is high, contrary to the morphological homogeneity observed. Two species show a wide geographical distribution, while the rest have a more restricted distribution. There are several examples of species with overlapping distribution patterns.
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| 3. |
- Andrade, S. C. S., et al.
(författare)
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Articulating "Archiannelids": Phylogenomics and Annelid Relationships, with Emphasis on Meiofaunal Taxa
- 2015
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Ingår i: Molecular Biology and Evolution. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0737-4038 .- 1537-1719. ; 32:11, s. 2860-2875
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Annelid disparity has resulted in morphological-based classifications that disagree with phylogenies based on Sanger sequencing and phylogenomic analyses. However, the data used for the latter studies came from various sources and technologies, involved poorly occupied matrices and lacked key lineages. Here, we generated a new Illumina-based data set to address annelid relationships from a fresh perspective, independent from previously generated data and with nearly fully occupied matrices. Our sampling reflects the span of annelid diversity, including two symbiotic annelid groups (Myzostomida and Spinther) and five meiofaunal groups once referred to as part of Archiannelida (three from Protodrilida, plus Dinophilus and Polygordius). As well as the placement of these unusual annelids, we sought to address the overall phylogeny of Annelida, and provide a new perspective for naming of major clades. Our results largely corroborate the phylogenomic results of Weigert et al. (2014; Illuminating the base of the annelid tree using transcriptomics. Mol Biol Evol. 31: 1391-1401), with "Magelona + Owenia" and Chaetopteridae forming a grade with respect to all other annelids. Echiura and Sipuncula are supported as being annelid groups, with Sipuncula closest to amphinomids as sister group to Sedentaria and Errantia. We recovered the three Protodrilida terminals as sister clade to Phyllodocida and Eunicida (=clade Aciculata). We therefore place Protodrilida as part of Errantia. Polygordius was found to be sister group to the scaleworm terminal and the possibility that it is a simplified scaleworm clade, as has been shown for the former family Pisionidae, is discussed. Our results were equivocal with respect to Dinophilus, Myzostomida, and Spinther possibly owing to confounding long-branch effects.
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| 4. |
- Bertrand, Yann, et al.
(författare)
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Taxonomic surrogacy in biodiversity assessments, and the meaning of Linnaean ranks
- 2006
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Ingår i: Systematics and Biodiversity. ; 4:2, s. 149-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The majority of biodiversity assessments use species as the base unit. Recently, a series of studies have suggested replacing numbers of species with higher ranked taxa (genera, families, etc.); a method known as taxonomic surrogacy that has an important potential to save time and resources in assesments of biological diversity. We examine the relationships between taxa and ranks, and suggest that species/higher taxon exchanges are founded on misconceptions about the properties of Linnaean classification. Rank allocations in current classifications constitute a heterogeneous mixture of various historical and contemporary views. Even if all taxa were monophyletic, those referred to the same rank would simply denote separate clades without further equivalence. We conclude that they are no more comparable than any other, non-nested taxa, such as, for example, the genus Rattus and the phylum Arthropoda, and that taxonomic surrogacy lacks justification. These problems are also illustrated with data of polychaetous annelid worms from a broad-scale study of benthic biodiversity and species distributions in the Irish Sea. A recent consensus phylogeny for polychaetes is used to provide three different family-level classifications of polychaetes. We use families as a surrogate for species, and present Shannon–Wiener diversity indices for the different sites and the three different classifications, showing how the diversity measures rely on subjective rank allocations
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| 5. |
- Borda, E., et al.
(författare)
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Cryptic species of Archinome (Annelida: Amphinomida) from vents and seeps
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 280:1770
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Since its description from the Galapagos Rift in the mid-1980s, Archinome rosacea has been recorded at hydrothermal vents in the Pacific, Atlantic and Indian Oceans. Only recently was a second species described from the Pacific Antarctic Ridge. We inferred the identities and evolutionary relationships of Archinome representatives sampled from across the hydrothermal vent range of the genus, which is now extended to cold methane seeps. Species delimitation using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) recovered up to six lineages, whereas concatenated datasets (COI, 16S, 28S and ITS1) supported only four or five of these as clades. Morphological approaches alone were inconclusive to verify the identities of species owing to the lack of discrete diagnostic characters. We recognize five Archinome species, with three that are new to science. The new species, designated based on molecular evidence alone, include: Archinome levinae n. sp., which occurs at both vents and seeps in the east Pacific, Archinome tethyana n. sp., which inhabits Atlantic vents and Archinome jasoni n. sp., also present in the Atlantic, and whose distribution extends to the Indian and southwest Pacific Oceans. Biogeographic connections between vents and seeps are highlighted, as are potential evolutionary links among populations from vent fields located in the east Pacific and Atlantic Oceans, and Atlantic and Indian Oceans; the latter presented for the first time.
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| 6. |
- Dahlgren, Thomas G., 1963, et al.
(författare)
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Morphological and molecular evidence of the phylogeny of Nereidiform polychaetes (Annelida)
- 2000
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Ingår i: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. - 0947-5745. ; 38:4, s. 249-253
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phylogeny of Nereidiformia is assessed in a parsimony analysis of combined morphological and DNA data, with special focus on previously questioned relationships between Chrysopetalidae and Hesionidae, between Pilargidae and Hesionidae, and the affinities of Hesionides and Microphthalmus. A 660 by segment of the mtDNA cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene was sequenced for two chrysopetalids, one nereidid, one pilargid, one pisionid, two hesionids, plus the two questionable hesionids Hesionides arenaria and Microphthalmus sp. Phylogenetic resolution was poor for the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene data alone, but the combined analysis yielded partially robust topologies, suggesting that nereids are the sister group to chrysopetalids, and that pilargids, Hesionides and Microphthalmus do not belong within the hesionids.
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| 7. |
- Dahlgren, Thomas G., 1963, et al.
(författare)
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On the generic allocation of Chrysopetalum caecum
- 1995
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Ingår i: Mitteilongen aus dem Hamburgschischen zoologischen Museum und Institut. ; 92:Ergänzungsband 1, s. 159-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 8. |
- Eklöf, Jenny, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of benthic Phyllodocidae (Polychaeta) based on morphological and molecular data
- 2007
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903. ; 45:1, s. 261-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combined molecular (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, 16S rDNA and COI) and morphological analysis of the benthic phyllodocids is presented for the first time. Nineteen phyllodocids and two outgroup taxa are assessed using parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. We demonstrate high degrees in homoplasy in the traditionally used morphological phyllodocid characters, and show that all the three current subfamilies Phyllodocinae, Eteoninae and Notophyllinae are non-monophyletic. The genera Eulalia, Eumida, Protomystides, Pseudomystides, Pterocirrus and Sige form a well-supported group, as does Mystides and Nereiphylla. Another clade with strong support includes Eteone and Paranaitis, although with Eteone nested within a paraphyletic Paranaitis. The relationship between these two taxa indicate that the unusual arrangement of modified cirri on the first segments in Eteone is due to a fusion of segment 1 and 2 where the cirri of segment 1 have been reduced. Eulalia is non-monophyletic and should be split, minimally into two groups. Our results are ambiguous regarding the ancestral phyllodocid condition of absence–presence of median antenna or nuchal papilla and uniramous or biramous parapodia, but shows that the absence of cirri on segment 3 (previously an apomorphy, for e.g., Mystides, Pseudomystides and Hesionura) is maximally homoplastic.
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| 9. |
- Glasby, C. J., et al.
(författare)
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Worms by number
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences. - : The Royal Society. - 0962-8452 .- 1471-2954. ; 275:1647, s. 2071-2076
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper investigates alternation patterns in length, shape and orientation of dorsal cirri (fleshy segmental appendages) of phyllodocidans, a large group of polychaete worms (Annelida). We document the alternation patterns in several families of Phyllodocida (Syllidae, Hesionidae, Sigalionidae, Polynoidae, Aphroditidae and Acoetidae) and identify the simple mathematical rule bases that describe the progression of these sequences. Two fundamentally different binary alternation patterns were found on the first four segments: 1011 for nereidiform families and 1010 for aphroditiform families. The alternation pattern in all aphroditiform families matches a simple one-dimensional cellular automaton and that for Syllidae (nereidiform) matches the Fibonacci string sequence. Hesionidae (nereidiform) showed the greatest variation in alternation patterns, but all corresponded to various known substitution rules. Comparison of binary patterns of the first 22 segments using a distance measure supports the current ideas on phylogeny within Phyllodocida. These results suggest that gene(s) involved in post-larval segmental growth employ a switching sequence that corresponds to simple mathematical substitution rules.
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| 10. |
- Kato, T., et al.
(författare)
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A revision of Notophyllum Orsted, 1843 (Phyllodocidae, Polychaeta)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural History. - 0022-2933. ; 36:10, s. 1135-1178
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Notophyllum Orsted, 1843 (Phyllodocidae, Polychaeta) is revised based on all available types and a large number of newly collected specimens. Redescriptions are provided of the seven species considered valid: N. americanum Verrill, 1885, N. foliosum (Sars, 1835), N. imbricatum Moore, 1906, N. japonicum Marenzeller, 1879, N. multicirris (Grube, 1878), N. sagamianum Izuka, 1912 and N. splendens (Schmarda, 1861). Notophyllum imajimai sp. n. is described from Japan. Some previously unreported characters are introduced, including a series of proboscis characters, morphology of dorsal cirri and cirrophores, and first appearance of notoaciculae in non-cephalized segments. A parsimony analysis of these taxa is presented based on 20 morphological characters and indicates two well-supported clades: Notophyllum as traditionally delineated and (N. foliosum, N. americanum (N. imajimai sp. n., N. imbricatum)). Characters for distinguishing all species of Notophyllum are provided in a table. Previous identifications of Notophyllum species have relied on the number of nuchal lobes; it is demonstrated that extensive intraspecific variation and interspecific overlap complicate the use of this character. Notophyllum caecum Fauvel, 1913 is referred to as Notophyllinae incertae sedis, and N. tectum (Chamberlin, 1919) comb. n. and N. laciniatum Willey, 1905 are referred to as Notophyllum incertae sedis. Taxa removed from Notophyllum include Phyllodoce benedenii (Hansen, 1882) comb. n. and Sige antarctica (Hartman, 1978) comb. n.
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| 11. |
- Kato, T., et al.
(författare)
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A revision of Paranaitis Southern, 1914 (Polychaeta : Phyllodocidae)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - 0024-4082. ; 138:4, s. 379-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Paranaitis Southern, 1914 (Phyllodocidae, Polychaeta) is revised based on an examination of all available types and newly collected specimens. Redescriptions are provided of the 11 previously described species considered valid: P. wahlbergi (Malmgren, 1865), P. abyssalis (Hartmann-Schroder, 1975), P. benthicola (Knox, 1960), P. bowersi (Benham, 1927), R caeca (Moore, 1903), R gardineri Perkins, 1984, P. inflata (Hutchings & Murray, 1984), R kosteriensis (Malmgren, 1867), P. polynoides (Moore, 1909), P. speciosa (Webster, 1879) and P. uschakovi Eibye-Jacobsen, 1991. Paranaitis misakiensis sp. nov., P. moritai sp. nov. and P. pumila sp. nov. are described from Japan. Anaitis peremptoria Claparede, 1870; Anaitis zeylanica Willey, 1905; Phyllooloce (Anaitis) papillosa Ehlers, 1887; and Phyllodoce (Anaitis) rubens Grube, 1880 are referred to as Phyllodocidae incertae sedis, and P. capensis (Day, 1960), P. formosa (Verrill, 1885) and R picta (Verrill, 1885) to as Paranaitis incertae sedis. Phyllodoce truncata (Hartmann-Schroder 1965) comb. nov. is removed from Paranaitis. Some previously unreported charaefers are introduced, including a series of proboscis characters, morphology of dorsal cirrophores, and symmetry of rostrum of chaetal shaft. Distinguishing characters for all recognized species of Paranaitis are provided in a table. In order to assess the position and delineation of Paranaitis and the relationships within this taxon, we present a morphology-based parsimony analysis of relationships within the Phyllodocidae. Paranaitis is shown to be paraphyletic at the exclusion of Chaetoparia, although current support does not allow for any formal synonymy. Phyllodoce and the Eteone-group appear as consecutive sister taxa to the Paranaitis-Chaetoparia clade. The monophyly of Notophyllinae is well supported, but low consensus resolution is obtained for the positions of major taxa such as Eulalia, Eumida, and the Mystides-group. (C) 2003 The Linnean Society of London.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Mackie, A. S. Y., et al.
(författare)
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Revision of Aberranta Hartman, 1965 (Aberrantidae : Annelida), with descriptions of new species from the Mediterranean and Hong Kong
- 2005
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Ingår i: Marine Ecology-an Evolutionary Perspective. - : Wiley. - 0173-9565. ; 26:3-4, s. 197-208
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two new species of Aberranta Hartman, 1965 are described from southeast France and Hong Kong, China. The two previously known species, A. enigmatica Hartman, 1965 and A. palpata Wolf, 1987 are redescribed from type and other material. Aberranta banyulensis n. sp. resembles A. palpata, and its internal and external morphology are examined further using histological, transmission and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Aberranta sulcata n. sp. is morphologically closest to A. enigmatica. The relationships between Aberranta and other polychaetes are discussed in light of a recent morphological and molecular analysis involving Nerillidae and Aciculata. The relationships among the Aberranta species are examined in a morphology-based cladistic analysis, using an amphinomid and three nerillids as outgroups.
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| 14. |
- Martin, D., et al.
(författare)
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The symbiotic hesionid Parasyllidea humesi Pettibone, 1961 (Annelida: Polychaeta) hosted by Scrobicularia plana (da Costa, 1778) (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Semelidade) in European waters
- 2012
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Ingår i: Organisms Diversity & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6092 .- 1618-1077. ; 12:2, s. 145-153
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heretofore, the hesionid polychaete Parasyllidea humesi was only known from its original description, living in association with the bivalve Tellina nymphalis in mangrove swamps north of Pointe-Noire (Republic of Congo, West Africa). The discovery of a stable population in Rio San Pedro (Gulf of Cadiz, southern Atlantic coast of Iberian Peninsula) thus represents the second report for this species worldwide, and the first for European waters. Furthermore, the new population is associated with another bivalve, Scrobicularia plana. The host-symbiont relationship is characterized by a high host-specificity (the symbiont was absent from Ruditapes decussatus and Cerastoderma glaucum collected in the same habitat and location), regular distribution (one, exceptionally two symbionts per host and then being male and female), and prevalence ranging from 0.22 % (in Cao Sancti Petri) to 4.74 % (Rio San Pedro). The symbionts seem to affect the metabolism of their hosts and, thus, their normal growth, so this association may tentatively be considered as close to parasitism. Parasyllidea humesi seems to be restricted to salt marsh areas with stable marine salinities all over the year. As there is no evidence that the presence of P. humesi in the Gulf of Cadiz results from an introduction, we strongly suggest that it may be better considered as native to the region, with our finding representing the northernmost known geographical limit of its distribution.
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| 15. |
- Norlinder, Erika, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogeny of scale-worms (Aphroditiformia, Annelida), assessed from 18SrRNA, 28SrRNA, 16SrRNA, mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and morphology
- 2012
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Ingår i: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 1055-7903. ; 65:2, s. 490-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phylogeny of scale-worms, benthic polychaetes carrying dorsal scales (elytra), including taxa from Acoetidae, Aphroditidae, Eulepethidae, Pholoidae, Pholoididae, Polynoidae and Sigalionidae (Aphroditiformia), is assessed from the nuclear markers 18SrRNA and 28SrRNA, and mitochondrial 16SrRNA and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), and 24 morphological characters. The data sets are analyzed both separately and combined, with Bayesian analyses, maximum likelihood and parsimony. In total, 56 terminal taxa are examined, including 48 taxa from all scale-worm families, and eight out-group species. The results indicate that Aphroditidae and Eulepethidae are the most basally placed families among the scale-worms. The Pholoididae and Pisionidae are positioned within and synonymized with the Sigalionidae, and Pholoidae may be part of the same group. The subfamily Iphioninae falls out as sister group to a clade consisting of Polynoidae and Acoetidae and is elevated to Iphionidae. The families now included in the Aphroditiformia are Acoetidae, Aphroditidae, Eulepethidae, Pholoidae, Polynoidae, Iphionidae and Sigalionidae, and the subfamily name Harmothoinae and Acholoinae are treated as a junior synonyms of Polynoinae. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Inc.
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| 16. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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A new species of Myrianida (Syllidae, Polychaeta) from Belize
- 2007
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - 1175-5326. ; 1595, s. 17-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe Myrianida gidholmi sp. n. from shallow waters in Belize. It is characterized by a unique colour pattern consisting of red transverse and longitudinal bands. We determine its phylogenetic position within Myrianida using a combined approach with morphological and molecular data. The new species is compared to relevant Myrianida taxa and important features for morphological identification are listed in a table. The new combinations Myrianida tyrrhenica (Cognetti, 1953) and M. cognetti (Çinar & Gambi, 2005) are introduced, and Autolytus antondohrni Çinar & Gambi, 2005, is synonymized with M. tyrrhenica. We also provide a checklist of all taxa belonging to Myrianida.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Bertil Åkesson (1928-2013) obituary.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Memoires of Museum Victoria. - 1447-2546 .- 1447-2554. ; 71, s. 343-345
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Colour polymorphism in the polychaete Harmothoe imbricata (Linnaeus, 1767)
- 2011
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Ingår i: Marine Biology Research. - 1745-1000. ; 7:1, s. 54-62
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether the different colour morphs in Harmothoe imbricata constitute a single polymorphic species or if there are several species present. We sequenced the mitochondrial COI and the nuclear ITS1–5.8SrDNA–ITS2 region from 57 specimens representing 10 distinct colour morphs collected from Svalbard to the Swedish west coast. The resulting minimum spanning haplotype network based on mitochondrial COI unequivocally shows H. imbricata to be a single and colour polymorphic species, whereas variation in the ITS region was very limited.
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| 21. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Cryptic species of Notophyllum (Polychaeta: Phyllodocidae) in Scandinavian waters
- 2010
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Ingår i: Organisms Diversity & Evolution. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1439-6092 .- 1618-1077. ; 10:3, s. 193-204
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The phyllodocid polychaete Notophyllum foliosum occurs in two colour morphs in Swedish and Norwegian waters, one palish yellow to grey form with black patches that is restricted to deeper waters and often associated with reefs of the deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa, and one usually yellow-orange form with black patches and white spots that is usually encountered on more shallow bottoms. We have sampled the two forms from sympatric occurrences in Norway, and the shallow form from the Swedish west coast. Phylogenetic and haplotype analyses based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1-5.8SrDNA-ITS2) unequivocally indicate that the two forms represent different species. We apply the name N. foliosum (Sars, 1835) to the 'shallow form', and propose N. crypticum n. sp. for the 'deep form'. A lectotype is fixed for N. foliosum.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic relationships between Nereimyra punctata and N-woodsholea (Hesionidae, Polychaeta)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 0947-5745 .- 1439-0469. ; 43:4, s. 273-276
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a COI-based parsimony analysis of the relationships between the shallow water, pigmented hesionid polychaete Nereimyra punctata, and a deep-water, unpigmented form with sympatric distribution in Norway and Sweden. Apart from the pigmentation differences, the two forms exhibit no observed morphological differences. The terminals are represented by four specimens each of the two forms from the Trondheimsfjord in Norway, and four each of the two forms from northern Bohuslan in Sweden, plus members of the two hesionids Heteropodarke and Ophiodromus as outgroups. In addition, the analysis includes a topotype of the morphologically similar and unpigmented Nereimyra woodsholea from the Middle Atlantic Bight off the US east coast. The equally weighted matrix includes 132 informative characters. All most-parsimonious trees unequivocally indicate that specimens belonging to the same form (pigmented or unpigmented) from different areas are cladistically closer related to each other than different forms from the same areas. Nereimyra woodsholea is nested within the unpigmented deeper group of the Norwegian and Swedish specimens, thus indicating that this name should be applied to the deep-water form in Norway and Sweden.
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Redescription of Imajimaea draculai-a rare syllid polychaete associated with the sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. - 0025-3154. ; 90:7, s. 1441-1448
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We redescribe Imajimaea draculai based on newly collected specimens from the Swedish west coast and describe for the first time its association with the sea pen Funiculina quadrangularis. We assess the phylogenetic position of I. draculai within Autolytinae using nuclear 18SrDNA, together with mitochondrial COI and 16SrDNA, and we estimate its intraspecific variation using nuclear ITS and mitochondrial COI. Our molecular data unequivocally show that I. draculai belongs to the tribe Procerini in a clade consisting of Procerastea, Virchowia and Imajimaea that is separated from all other Procerini taxa for which molecular data are available. No intraspecific variation is found in I. draculai for the sequenced molecular markers.
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| 29. |
- Nygren, Arne, 1971, et al.
(författare)
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Two new and two poorly known autolytines (Polychaeta: Syllidae) from Madeira and the Mediterranean Sea
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - 1175-5326. ; :2640, s. 35-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe Proceraea albocephala, new species, from Madeira, and Erseia oligochaeta, new genus and new species, from Istria, Croatia, and we provide redescriptions of Proceraea madeirensis (Nygren, 2004) from topotype material, and Myrianida longoprimicirrata (Lopez, San Martin & Jimenez, 1997) from material collected at Istria, Croatia, and Banyuls-sur-Mer, France. Proceraea albocephala, new species is morphologically separated from similar species by a prostomial white spot, and E. oligochaeta, new genus, new species is unique in having only a few (1-2) simple unidentate chaetae in all chaetigers, and a trepan with a single large and 25-28 smaller teeth. We assess the phylogenetic positions of the four species using nuclear 18SrDNA, together with mitochondrial COI and 16SrDNA. Our molecular data show that among the sequenced autolytines 1) P. albocephala, new species is most closely related to P. nigropunctata Nygren & Gidholm, 2001, P. okadai (Imajima, 1966), and P. cornuta (Agassiz, 1862), 2) E. oligochaeta, new genus, new species belongs within a clade together with Procerastea nematodes Langerhans, 1884, Virchowia clavata Langerhans, 1879, and Imajimaea draculai (San Martin & Lopez, 2002), 3) M. longoprimicirrata is sister species to M. pentadentata (Imajima, 1966), and 4) P. madeirensis has a basal position within Procerini. The molecular data suggests that Proceraea Ehlers, 1864 as currently delineated is paraphyletic.
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| 30. |
- Osborn, K. J., et al.
(författare)
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Deep-Sea, Swimming Worms with Luminescent "Bombs"
- 2009
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 0036-8075 .- 1095-9203. ; 325:5943, s. 964-964
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several species of deep-sea polychaete worms have been discovered that have a bizarre predator distraction mechanism.
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| 31. |
- Persson, Jenny, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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On the phylogenetic relationships of Axiokebuita, Travisia and Scalibregmatidae (Polychaeta)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - 1175-5334. ; :998, s. 1-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We provide a description of newly collected specimens of Axiokebuita Pocklington & Fournier from Norway, previously known only from east Canada and the Antarctic. Due to delineation problems between the only two described species, A. minuta (Hartman) and A. millsi Pocklington & Fournier, these new specimens cannot unambiguously be referred to either species. Previously unnoticed adhesive papillae on the pygidium are present in both species and may constitute an apomorphy for Axiokebuita. The taxon lacks many morphological features otherwise characteristic for scalibregmatids, and to assess its affinities we present 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA-based analyses together with six other scalibregmatids and twenty other polychaetes. A nemertean is used as out-group. All analyses support that Axiokebuita is a scalibregmatid. Furthermore, Travisia Johnston, traditionally referred to the Opheliidae, is nested within the scalibregmatids, as sister to Neolipobranchius Hartman & Fauchald. Arenicolidae and Maldanidae may constitute the sister group of scalibregmatids.
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| 32. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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A partial revision of Gyptis (Gyptini, Ophiodrominae, Hesionidae, Aciculata, Annelida), with descriptions of a new tribe, a new genus and five new species
- 2012
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Ingår i: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4082. ; 165:3, s. 471-494
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phylogenetic analyses of molecular data (COI, 16SrDNA, 18SrDNA, and 28SrDNA) show that the hesionid genus Gyptis Marion & Bobretzky in Marion, 1874, and the tribe Gyptini Pleijel, 1998, are nonmonophyletic as currently delineated. We introduce the new tribe Amphidurini and the new genus Neogyptis to accommodate these new findings. Amphidurini is sister to Gyptini and Ophiodromini and includes Amphiduros Hartman, 1959, Amphiduropsis, Pleijel, 2001, Neogyptis gen. nov., and, possibly, Parahesione Pettibone, 1956. Morphologically, Amphidurini can be separated from Gyptini by the distally, rather than subdistally, inserted ventral cirri, and Neogyptis by the combination of this feature, the presence of a median antenna, and a distal ring with papillae on the proboscis. We redescribe and transfer the four species Gyptis crypta Pleijel, 1993, Gyptis mediterranea Pleijel, 1993, Gyptis plurisetis Hilbig, 1992, and Gyptis rosea (Malm, 1874) from Gyptis to Neogyptis gen. nov., and describe five new species from shallow waters in Belize, Hong Kong, off Vladivostok, and deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Lau Basin off Fiji.
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| 33. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955
(författare)
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A revision of Hesiospina (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Polychaeta)
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural History. - 0022-2933. ; 38:20, s. 2547-2566
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hesiospina Imajima and Hartman, 1964 (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Polychaeta) is revised based on examination of all available types, other museum specimens and a large number of newly collected specimens from world-wide areas. Two species are recognized and redescribed, Hesiospina aurantiaca (Sars, 1862), new combination, and H. vestimentifera Blake, 1985. The currently used name Hesiospina similis (Hessle, 1925) is treated as a junior synonym of both Hesiospina aurantiaca and Castalia longicornis Sars, 1862. A lectotype is designated for H. aurantiaca, and the same specimen is used as neotype for C. longicornis, making the two objective synonyms. Hesiospina aurantiaca is widely distributed and recorded from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico, European Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, Japan, Papua New Guinea, the Great Barrier Reef, and New Caledonia, mainly from shallow waters, but down to over 500 m depth. Whereas there are some differences between populations from different regions, including distribution of uni- and bidentate chaetae, the different populations are not characterized by any obvious apomorphies and are treated as a single species. Hesiospina vestimentifera is associated with hydrothermal vents and is widely distributed in the east Pacific.
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| 34. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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A revision of Micropodarke (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Polychaeta)
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of Natural History. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0022-2933 .- 1464-5262. ; 39:17, s. 1313-1325
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Micropodarke Okuda, 1938 (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Polychaeta) is revised based on examination of all available types, other museum specimens, and a large number of newly collected specimens from Japan, Hong Kong, Papua New Guinea, Australia, New Caledonia, California, the west coast of Canada, and the Red Sea. The previous synonymy of Micropodarke amemiyai Okuda, 1938 with M. dubia (Hessle, 1925) is substantiated, and M. trilobata Hartmann-Schroder, 1983 is newly synonymized with M. dubia, leaving Micropodarke monotypic. A lectotype is selected for M. dubia. Micropodarke dubia is identified by the apomorphies of a proboscis diaphragm, segmental ventral adhesive papillae, distally nobbed and slightly curved neuroaciculae, and median neurouchaetae with few, basally situated prolonged teeth ("spurs"), with abrupt transition to the following, much shorter teeth. Micropodarke dubia has a main distribution in the tropical and warm temperate Indo-Pacific region, and appears to be absent from the Atlantic Ocean.
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| 35. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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A revision of Nereimyra (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Aciculata, Annelida)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4082. ; 164:1, s. 36-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Nereimyra Blainville, 1828 (Psamathini, Hesionidae, Aciculata, Annelida) is revised based on examination of all available types and newly collected specimens. We assessed the phylogeny of Nereimyra in an analysis based on cytochrome oxidase c subunit I (COI), 16S rDNA, 18S rDNA, and 28S rDNA. The genus is delineated to include the three species Nereimyra aphroditoides (Fabricius, 1780), Nereimyra punctata (O.F. Muller, 1776), and Nereimyra woodsholea (Hartman, 1965), which are redescribed. Nereimyra punctata has a characteristic pigmentation, but otherwise there are no clear morphological characters for separating the species. Based on the molecular data we obtained strong support both for the monophyly of Nereimyra and for each of the three included species. Nereimyra punctata and N. woodsholea are sister species, and the Kimura two-parameter (K2P)-corrected COI distances between the three species are 1623%. Syllidia Quatrefages, 1866, is sister group to Nereimyra. Previous uncertainties regarding the type species of the genus are settled to Nereis rosea Fabricius, 1780, junior synonym of N. aphroditoides. A neotype is designated for N. aphroditoides. The distribution of Nereimyra is at present restricted to the Arctic and the boreal parts of the North Atlantic, possibly extending to the Gulf of Mexico on the United States east coast. Records outside this area require verification. Castalia multipapillata Theel, 1879, and Nereimyra alvinae Blake, 1985, are of uncertain affinity and are treated as nomina dubia.
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| 36. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Carboniferous fireworms (Amphinomida : Annelida), with a discussion of species taxa in palaeontology
- 2004
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Ingår i: Invertebrate Systematics. - 1445-5226. ; 18:6, s. 693-700
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- New records of Palaeocampa anthrax Meek & Worthen, 1865 with fossilized soft parts are provided from Montceau-les-Mines in France, late Carboniferous, permitting the identification of a new clade of extinct amphinomid polychaetes. The group also provides an object lesson for problems with species concepts in palaeontology. The biological species concept, the diagnosable phylogenetic species concepts, and the monophyletic phylogenetic species concepts are applied and discussed in the case of P. anthrax, as well as more generally in palaeontology. All three are rejected, but for different reasons. Instead we advocate the application of LITUs (least inclusive taxonomic unit), which refers to the smallest currently recognised taxa, but without making the unjustified rank assignments to species.
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| 37. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Ceci n'est pas une pipe: names, clades and phylogenetic nomenclature
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research. - 0947-5745. ; 41:3, s. 162-174
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An introduction is provided to the literature and to issues relating to phylogenetic nomenclature and the PhyloCode, together with a critique of the current Linnaean system of nomenclature. The Linnaean nomenclature fixes taxon names with types, and associates the names with ranks (genus, family, etc.). In phylogenetic nomenclature, names are instead defined with reference to cladistic relationships, and the names are not associated with ranks. We argue that taxon names under the Linnaean system are unclear in meaning and provide unstable group-name associations, notwithstanding whether or not there are agreements on relationships. Furthermore, the Linnaean rank assignments lack justification and invite unwarranted comparisons across taxa. On the contrary, the intention of taxon names in phylogenetic nomenclature is clear and stable, and the application of the names will be unambiguous under any given cladistic hypothesis. The extension of the names reflects current knowledge of relationships, and will shift as new hypotheses are forwarded. The extension of phylogenetic names is, therefore, clear but is associated to (and thus dependent upon) cladistic hypotheses. Stability in content can be maximized with carefully formulated name definitions. A phylogenetic nomenclature will shift the focus from discussions of taxon names towards the understanding of relationships. Also, we contend that species should not be recognized as taxonomic units. The term 'species' is ambiguous, it mixes several distinct classes of entities, and there is a large gap between most of the actual concepts and the evidence available to identify the entities. Instead, we argue that only clades should be recognized. Among these, it is useful to tag the smallest named clades, which all represent non-overlapping groups. Such taxa - LITUs (Least Inclusive Taxonomic Units) - are distinguished from more inclusive clades by being spelled with lower-case initial letter. In contrast to species, LITUs are conceptually straightforward and are, like other clades, identified by apomorphies.
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| 38. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Chambered chaetae in nereidiform polychaetes (Annelida)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zoomorphology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0720-213X .- 1432-234X. ; 129:2, s. 93-98
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nereidiform polychaete taxa Chrysopetalidae, Hesionidae and Nereididae are characterized by the presence of chambered chaetae. The medullae (inner part) of all examined annelid chaetae are provided with internal longitudinal canals, but in these taxa there are additional thin, transverse walls (diaphragms), giving the chaetae a barred or chambered appearance in light microscopy. We investigate this structure in chrysopetalids, hesionids, nereidids, with light, scanning and transmission electron microscopy and compare it to phyllodocids and syllids, which are outside this clade. We conclude that chambered chaetae likely constitute an synapomorphy for chrysopetalids, hesionids and nereidids, although further study are required of some aphroditids and nephtyids.
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| 39. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Five colour morphs and three new species of Gyptis (Hesionidae, Annelida) under a jetty in Edithburgh, South Australia
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 1463-6409 .- 0300-3256. ; 38:1, s. 89-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report five different colour morphs of the hesionid polychaete genus Gyptis co-occurring in a small area in shallow water under Edithburgh jetty, South Australia. The five morphs cannot be separated using standard morphological features, but phylogenetic analyses of sequence data (COI and ITS1) unequivocally show that three species are present, introduced as Gyptis simpsonorum, new species, G. paucilineata, new species and G. polymorpha, new species. Gyptis simpsonorum has a speckled pigmentation pattern and G. paucilineata a few transverse lines on specific segments. Gyptis polymorpha is polymorphic with three different, distinct pigmentation patterns, either as dense transverse lines, as a thin longitudinal, mid-dorsal line, or as an uniformly dark dorsum. The speckled pigmentation likely represents the plesiomorphic condition, and G. propinqua is the closest known relative to these new species.
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| 40. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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New and lesser known species of Chrysopetalidae, Phyllodocidae and Syllidae from south California (Phyllodocida, Aciculata, Annelida)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - 1175-5326. ; :3506, s. 1-25
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Two species are described from shallow waters in La Jolla in southern California, the chrysopetalid Dysponetus populonectens, new species, and the phyllodocid Pterocirrus burtoni, new species. The syllid Brachysyllis lagunae (Hartman, 1961), new combination (previously in Dioplosyllis), and the phyllodocids Eulalia aviculiseta Hartman, 1936, Eulalia gracilior (Chamberlin, 1919), new combination (previously in Steggoa), Pterocirrus montereyensis (Hartman, 1936), and Eumida longicornuta (Moore, 1906) are redescribed from types and newly collected specimens. Sige californiensis Chamberlin, 1919 is treated as a nomen dubium. COI sequences are provided for all included species.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
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| 43. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Position and delineation of Chrysopetalidae and Hesionidae (Annelida, polychaeta, Phyllodocida)
- 1998
-
Ingår i: Cladistics-the International Journal of the Willi Hennig Society. - 0748-3007. ; 14:2, s. 129-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies suggest that the polychaete taxa Hesionidae and Chrysopetalidae may not represent separate groups, that Pilargidae constitute a subgroup within Hesionidae, and that Hesionides and Microphthalmus are highly derived hesionids. Phylogenetic systematic analyses of Phyllodocida and the subgroup Nereidiformia are presented in order to clarify the position and delineation of these taxa. The phyllodicida analysis includes 18 families representing the majority of the taxa in the group, is rooted with Onuphidae, and is based on 42 absent/ present coded morphological characters, obtained mainly from literature. All 69 resulting shortest trees include the clade (Chrysopetalidae, Nereididae, Hesionidae), but with either Syllidae, Nautiliniellidae, Pilargidae or (Aphroditiformia, Pisionidae) as sister. In- and outgroup taxon selection for the Nereidiformia study is dictated by the outcome of Phyllodocida analysis, with scores based on examined species of two chrysopetalids, four hesionids, one nereid, one pilargid, one pisionid, one syllid, plus the putative hesionids Hesionides arenaria and Microphthalmus sp. It is based on 46 absent/present coded morphological characters. Two equally parsimonious trees indicate that chrysopetalids and hesionids are well delineated, that pilargids and hesionids are non-overlapping, and that Microphthalmus and Hesionides are not hesionids. (C) 1998 The Willi Hennig Society.
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| 44. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Progress in systematics: from Siboglinidae to Pogonophora and Vestimentifera and back to Siboglinidae
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. - : Elsevier BV. ; 332:2-3, s. 140-148
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We review the taxonomic history of pogonophores (frenulates and vestimentiferans), from the species in first described 1914 to the recently described bone-eating worm Osedax. Previous systematists have referred both groups to the rank of phylum, and the animals have been treated as deuterostomes with a dorsal nerve cord. Further knowledge on their embryology, the discovery of the previously overlooked posterior, segmented part provided with chaetae, and access to molecular data, have completely changed earlier views on their affinities. They are now referred to as a single family of polychaete annelids, Siboglinidae.
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| 45. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Reproductive biology of a new hesionid polychaete from the Great Barrier Reef
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Biological Bulletin. - 0006-3185. ; 208:1, s. 69-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We describe Lizardia hirschi, a new hesionid genus and species, from shallow water on the Great Barrier Reef. It is characterized by small size (maximally around 2 mm. long) and by males with paired penes on the last segment or the pygidium. The sperm are elongated, with a conical acrosome; extended, cylindrical nucleus; and three mitochondria. The females have three to four pairs of eggs in segments 10-13, up to 150 mum in diameter. The female reproductive system consists of spermathecae, situated in the notopodia of segments 10-12, and oviducts opening ventrally on segment 11. Fertilization may be internal. The female (but not the male) reproductive system appears to be homologous to that in another small hesionid, capricornia. The phylogenetic position of L. hirschi within Hesionidae is currently uncertain due to the retention of many apparently larval features in the adults.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Pleijel, Fredrik, 1955, et al.
(författare)
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Vrijenhoekia balaenophila, a new hesionid polychaete from a whale fall off CaliforniaVrijenhoekia balaenophila, a new hesionid polychaete from a whale fall off California
- 2008
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Ingår i: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0024-4082 .- 1096-3642. ; 152:4, s. 625-634
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vrijenhoekia balaenophila gen. nov., sp. nov. (Polychaeta, Hesionidae) is described from a whale carcass at near 3000 m depth in Monterey Canyon off the coast of California. The phylogenetic relationships of V. balaenophila are assessed in a parsimony analysis of morphological data together with nucleotide data from 28S rDNA, 16S rDNA and cytochrome oxidase I genes. Within the hesionids V. balaenophila belongs to Psamathini, where it is the sister group to Sirsoe. Among psamathins it is morphologically distinguished by having six glandular lip pads around the mouth opening, papilla-shaped neuropodial lobes on segment 3, extreme length of the dorsal cirri, and by a characteristic growth pattern in which the maximum number of segments is already formed in subadults, and further growth takes place through size increase of the segments.
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| 49. |
- Ravara, A., et al.
(författare)
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Nephtyidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from southern Europe
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zootaxa. - 1175-5326. ; :2682, s. 1-68
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Eighteen nephtyid species belonging to four different genera are known from southern Europe. In this study we revise the nephtyids from this area and provide descriptions of all the known species. Geographical and bathymetrical distributions are given, together with ecological notes. Inermonephtys foretmontardoi, new species, is described, Micronephthys maryae is newly synonymized with M. stammeri and Aglaophamus rubellus with A. agilis. New diagnoses are provided for southern European genera and a key to all species from the region is included.
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| 50. |
- Ravara, A., et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic relationships within Nephtyidae (Polychaeta, Annelida)
- 2010
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Ingår i: Zoologica Scripta. - : Wiley. - 0300-3256 .- 1463-6409. ; 39:4, s. 394-405
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present the first phylogeny of nephtyids, a common, soft-bottom living polychaete family comprising five genera and over 100 species. Characters used to distinguish nephtyid genera are a matter of controversy and considerable confusion remains as to the generic delineations. The phylogeny is estimated with molecular data from the mitochondrial genes cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rDNA, the nuclear genes 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA and morphological data. The results reveal two well-supported major clades, corresponding in part to the two main genera of the family, Aglaophamus and Nephtys. The species Nephtys pulchra and Nephtys australiensis are transferred to Aglaophamus, and new diagnoses for the genera are provided. Dentinephtys is synonymized with Nephtys, and Nephtys cornuta is sister to the remaining nephtyids and is referred to the new genus Bipalponephtys, together with Nephtys danida and Micronephthys neotena. Micronephthys is sister to Nephtys and Inermonephtys is of uncertain position.
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