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- 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Beck, S., et al.
(författare)
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The Open Innovation in Science research field: a collaborative conceptualisation approach
- 2022
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 29:2, s. 136-185
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Openness and collaboration in scientific research are attracting increasing attention from scholars and practitioners alike. However, a common understanding of these phenomena is hindered by disciplinary boundaries and disconnected research streams. We link dispersed knowledge on Open Innovation, Open Science, and related concepts such as Responsible Research and Innovation by proposing a unifying Open Innovation in Science (OIS) Research Framework. This framework captures the antecedents, contingencies, and consequences of open and collaborative practices along the entire process of generating and disseminating scientific insights and translating them into innovation. Moreover, it elucidates individual-, team-, organisation-, field-, and society-level factors shaping OIS practices. To conceptualise the framework, we employed a collaborative approach involving 47 scholars from multiple disciplines, highlighting both tensions and commonalities between existing approaches. The OIS Research Framework thus serves as a basis for future research, informs policy discussions, and provides guidance to scientists and practitioners.
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- Wilson, A. R. M., et al.
(författare)
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The requirements of a specialist Breast Centre
- 2013
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Ingår i: European Journal of Cancer. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-8049 .- 1879-0852. ; 49:17, s. 3579-3587
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: In recognition of the advances and evidence based changes in clinical practice that have occurred in recent years and taking into account the knowledge and experience accumulated through the voluntary breast unit certification programme, Eusoma has produced this up-dated and revised guidelines on the requirements of a Specialist Breast Centre (BC). Methods: The content of these guidelines is based on evidence from the recent relevant peer reviewed literature and the consensus of a multidisciplinary team of European experts. The guidelines define the requirements for each breast service and for the specialists who work in specialist Breast Centres. Results: The guidelines identify the minimum requirements needed to set up a BC, these being an integrated Breast Centre, dealing with a sufficient number of cases to allow effective working and continuing expertise, dedicated specialists working with a multidisciplinary approach, providing all services throughout the patients pathway and data collection and audit. It is essential that the BC also guarantees the continuity of care for patients with advanced (metastatic) disease offering treatments according to multidisciplinary competencies and a high quality palliative care service. The BC must ensure that comprehensive support and expertise may be needed, not only through the core BC team, but also ensure that all other medical and paramedical expertise that may be necessary depending on the individual case are freely available, referring the patient to the specific care provider depending on the problem. Conclusions: Applying minimum requirements and quality indicators is essential to improve organisation, performance and outcome in breast care. Efficacy and compliance have to be constantly monitored to evaluate the quality of patient care and to allow appropriate corrective actions leading to improvements in patient care. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 5. |
- Beck, S., et al.
(författare)
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Experimenting with Open Innovation in Science (OIS) practices: A novel approach to co-developing research proposals
- 2021
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Ingår i: CERN IdeaSquare Journal of Experimental Innovation. - 2413-9505. ; 5:2, s. 28-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Co-producing scientific research with those who are affected by it is an emerging phenomenon in contemporary science. This article summarizes and reflects on both the process and outcome of a novel experiment to co-develop scientific research proposals in the field of Open Innovation in Science (OIS), wherein scholars engaged in the study of open and collaborative practices collaborated with the “users” of their research, i.e., scientists who apply such practices in their own research. The resulting co-developed research proposals focus on scientific collaboration, open data, and knowledge sharing and are available as an appendix to this article.
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- Biganzoli, L., et al.
(författare)
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The requirements of a specialist breast centre
- 2020
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Ingår i: Breast. - : Elsevier BV. - 0960-9776 .- 1532-3080. ; 51, s. 65-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article is an update of the requirements of a specialist breast centre, produced by EUSOMA and endorsed by ECCO as part of Essential Requirements for Quality Cancer Care (ERQCC) programme, and ESMO. To meet aspirations for comprehensive cancer control, healthcare organisations must consider the requirements in this article, paying particular attention to multidisciplinarity and patient-centred pathways from diagnosis, to treatment, to survivorship. The centrepiece of this article is the requirements section, comprising definitions; multidisciplinary structure; minimum case, procedure and staffing volumes; and detailed descriptions of the skills of, and resources needed by, members and specialisms in the multidisciplinary team in a breast centre. These requirements are positioned within narrative on European breast cancer epidemiology, the standard of care, challenges to delivering this standard, and supporting evidence, to enable a broad audience to appreciate the importance of establishing these requirements in specialist breast centres. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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| 7. |
- De Marco, B., et al.
(författare)
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The inner flow geometry in MAXI J1820+070 during hard and hard-intermediate states
- 2021
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Ingår i: Astronomy and Astrophysics. - : EDP Sciences. - 0004-6361 .- 1432-0746. ; 654
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context. We present a systematic X-ray spectral-timing study of the recently discovered, exceptionally bright black hole X-ray binary system MAXI J1820+070. Our analysis focuses on the first part of the 2018 outburst, covering the rise throughout the hard state, the bright hard and hard-intermediate states, and the transition to the soft-intermediate state. Aims. We address the issue of constraining the geometry of the innermost accretion flow and its evolution throughout an outburst. Methods. We employed two independent X-ray spectral-timing methods applied to archival NICER data of MAXI J1820+070. We first identified and tracked the evolution of a characteristic frequency of soft X-ray thermal reverberation lags (lags of the thermally reprocessed disc emission after the irradiation of variable hard X-ray photons). This frequency is sensitive to intrinsic changes in the relative distance between the X-ray source and the disc. Then, we studied the spectral evolution of the quasi-thermal component responsible for the observed thermal reverberation lags. We did so by analysing high-frequency covariance spectra, which single out spectral components that vary in a linearly correlated way on the shortest sampled timescales and are thus produced in the innermost regions of the accretion flow. Results. The frequency of thermal reverberation lags steadily increases throughout most of the outburst, implying that the relative distance between the X-ray source and the disc decreases as the source softens. However, near transition this evolution breaks, showing a sudden increase (decrease) in lag amplitude (frequency). On the other hand, the temperature of the quasi-thermal component in covariance spectra, due to disc irradiation and responsible for the observed soft reverberation lags, consistently increases throughout all the analysed observations. Conclusions. This study proposes an alternative interpretation to the recently proposed contracting corona scenario. Assuming a constant height for the X-ray source, the steady increase in the reverberation lag frequency and in the irradiated disc temperature in high-frequency covariance spectra can be explained in terms of a decrease in the disc inner radius as the source softens. The behaviour of thermal reverberation lags near transition might be related to the relativistic plasma ejections detected at radio wavelengths, suggesting a causal connection between the two phenomena. Throughout most of the hard and hard-intermediate state, the disc is consistent with being truncated (with an inner radius Rin 10 Rg), reaching close to the innermost stable circular orbit only near transition.
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- Ancelle-Park, R., et al.
(författare)
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Summary of the evidence of breast cancer service screening outcomes in Europe and first estimate of the benefit and harm balance sheet
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 19, s. 5-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives To construct a European 'balance sheet' of key outcomes of population-based mammographic breast cancer screening, to inform policy-makers, stakeholders and invited women. Methods From the studies reviewed, the primary benefit of screening, breast cancer mortality reduction, was compared with the main harms, over-diagnosis and false-positive screening results (FPRs). Results Pooled estimates of breast cancer mortality reduction among invited women were 25% in incidence-based mortality studies and 31% in case-control studies (38% and 48% among women actually screened). Estimates of over-diagnosis ranged from 1% to 10% of the expected incidence in the absence of screening. The combined estimate of over-diagnosis for screened women, from European studies correctly adjusted for lead time and underlying trend, was 6.5%. For women undergoing 10 biennial screening tests, the estimated cumulative risk of a FPR followed by non-invasive assessment was 17%, and 3% having an invasive assessment. For every 1000 women screened biennially from age 50-51 until age 68-69 and followed up to age 79, an estimated seven to nine lives are saved, four cases are over-diagnosed, 170 women have at least one recall followed by non-invasive assessment with a negative result and 30 women have at least one recall followed by invasive procedures yielding a negative result. Conclusions The chance of saving a woman's life by population-based mammographic screening of appropriate quality is greater than that of over-diagnosis. Service screening in Europe achieves a mortality benefit at least as great as the randomized controlled trials. These outcomes should be communicated to women offered service screening in Europe.
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- Basu, P, et al.
(författare)
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Erratum
- 2018
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Ingår i: International journal of cancer. - : Wiley. - 1097-0215 .- 0020-7136. ; 143:1, s. E1-E1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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- Senore, C, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of colorectal cancer screening in the European Union Member States: data from the second European screening report
- 2019
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Ingår i: Gut. - : BMJ. - 1468-3288 .- 0017-5749. ; 68:7, s. 1232-1244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To present comparative data about the performance of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening programmes in the European Union Member States (EU MSs).DesignCross-sectional study. We analysed key performance indicators—participation rate, positivity rate (PR), detection rate (DR) and positive predictive value for adenomas and CRC—based on the aggregated quantitative data collected for the second EU screening report. We derived crude and pooled (through a random effects model) estimates to describe and compare trends across different MSs/regions and screening protocols.ResultsParticipation rate was higher in countries adopting faecal immunochemical test (FIT) (range: 22.8%–71.3%) than in those using guaiac faecal occult blood test (gFOBT) (range 4.5%–66.6%), and it showed a positive correlation (ρ=0.842, p<0.001) with participation in breast cancer screening in the same areas. Screening performance showed a large variability. Compliance with referral for colonoscopy (total colonoscopy (TC)) assessment ranged between 64% and 92%; TC completion rate ranged between 92% and 99%. PR and DR of advanced adenomas and CRC were higher in FIT, as compared with gFOBT programmes, and independent of the protocol among men, older subjects and those performing their first screening.ConclusionsThe variability in the results of quality indicators across population-based screening programmes highlights the importance of continuous monitoring, as well as the need to promote quality improvement efforts, as recommended in the EU guidelines. The implementation of monitoring systems, ensuring availability of data for the entire process, together with initiatives aimed to enhance reproducibility of histology and quality of endoscopy, represent a priority in screening programmes management.
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- Brovelli, M.A., et al.
(författare)
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Citizen Science in Support of Digital Earth
- 2020
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Ingår i: Manual of Digital Earth. - Singapore : Springer Verlag.
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Citizen science can be thought of as a tremendous catalyst for making Digital Earth a participation model of our world. This chapter presents a wide overview of the concept and practice of citizen science in terms of the technologies and social impact. Definitions of citizen science and various existing approaches to citizen involvement are described, from simple contributions to projects proposed by someone else to the design and planning of science as a bottom-up process. To illustrate these concepts, the relevant example of OpenStreetMap is described in detail, and other examples are mentioned and briefly discussed. Social innovation connected with citizen science is focused on to highlight different levels of direct citizen contributions to scientific research and indirect effects on academia, and studies driven by new questions that may support responsible research and innovation (RRI), governments and public administration in making better informed decisions. Despite its growth and success in relatively few years, citizen science has not fully overcome a number of persistent challenges related to quality, equity, inclusion, and governance. These themes and related complex facets are discussed in detail in the last section of the chapter.
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| 27. |
- Del Turco, MR, et al.
(författare)
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Quality indicators in breast cancer care
- 2010
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Ingår i: European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990). - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-0852 .- 0959-8049. ; 46:13, s. 2344-2356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 28. |
- Donker, Erik M., et al.
(författare)
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The European List of Key Medicines for Medical Education: A Modified Delphi Study
- 2024
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Ingår i: Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. - : WILEY. - 0009-9236 .- 1532-6535. ; 115:3, s. 515-524
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rational prescribing is essential for the quality of health care. However, many final-year medical students and junior doctors lack prescribing competence to perform this task. The availability of a list of medicines that a junior doctor working in Europe should be able to independently prescribe safely and effectively without supervision could support and harmonize teaching and training in clinical pharmacology and therapeutics (CPT) in Europe. Therefore, our aim was to achieve consensus on such a list of medicines that are widely accessible in Europe. For this, we used a modified Delphi study method consisting of three parts. In part one, we created an initial list based on a literature search. In part two, a group of 64 coordinators in CPT education, selected via the Network of Teachers in Pharmacotherapy of the European Association for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, evaluated the accessibility of each medicine in his or her country, and provided a diverse group of experts willing to participate in the Delphi part. In part three, 463 experts from 24 European countries were invited to participate in a 2-round Delphi study. In total, 187 experts (40%) from 24 countries completed both rounds and evaluated 416 medicines, 98 of which were included in the final list. The top three Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code groups were (1) cardiovascular system (n = 23), (2) anti-infective (n = 21), and (3) musculoskeletal system (n = 11). This European List of Key Medicines for Medical Education could be a starting point for country-specific lists and could be used for the training and assessment of CPT.
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| 30. |
- Kokalari, I, et al.
(författare)
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Efficacy, biocompatibility and degradability of carbon nanoparticles for photothermal therapy of lung cancer
- 2021
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Ingår i: Nanomedicine (London, England). - : Future Medicine Ltd. - 1748-6963 .- 1743-5889. ; 16:9, s. 689-707
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To investigate near infrared-induced phototoxicity toward lung cancer cells, and the biodegradability and effect on immune cells of glucose-derived carbon nanoparticles (CNPs). Methods: The human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell line was used as a model to study the phototoxicity of CNPs. The biodegradability and the effect on immune cells was demonstrated in primary human neutrophils and macrophages. Results: Near infrared-activated CNPs elicited rapid cell death, characterized by the elevation of heat shock proteins and the induction of DNA damage. CNPs were found to be noncytotoxic toward primary human macrophages and were susceptible to biodegradation when cocultured with human neutrophils. Conclusions: Our results identify CNPs as promising platforms for photothermal therapy of lung cancer.
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| 31. |
- Micheli, M., et al.
(författare)
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Emerging models of data governance in the age of datafication
- 2020
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Ingår i: Big Data & Society. - : SAGE Publications. - 2053-9517. ; 7:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article examines four models of data governance emerging in the current platform society. While major attention is currently given to the dominant model of corporate platforms collecting and economically exploiting massive amounts of personal data, other actors, such as small businesses, public bodies and civic society, take also part in data governance. The article sheds light on four models emerging from the practices of these actors: data sharing pools, data cooperatives, public data trusts and personal data sovereignty. We propose a social science-informed conceptualisation of data governance. Drawing from the notion of data infrastructure we identify the models as a function of the stakeholders' roles, their interrelationships, articulations of value, and governance principles. Addressing the politics of data, we considered the actors' competitive struggles for governing data. This conceptualisation brings to the forefront the power relations and multifaceted economic and social interactions within data governance models emerging in an environment mainly dominated by corporate actors. These models highlight that civic society and public bodies are key actors for democratising data governance and redistributing value produced through data. Through the discussion of the models, their underpinning principles and limitations, the article wishes to inform future investigations of socio-technical imaginaries for the governance of data, particularly now that the policy debate around data governance is very active in Europe.
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- Stankovic, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Performance of Players and Data Quality in a Citizen Science Casual Game
- 2017
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Ingår i: SocArXiv.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background: Citizen science games are a type of Games with a Purpose (GWAPs), whose aim is to harness the skills of volunteers for solving scientific problems or contributing to action projects, where citizens intervene in social concerns. Employing games to collect data, classify images or even solve major scientific problems is a relatively new but growing phenomenon in citizen science. A main concern in citizen science is to ensure data quality. As games can be seen as having adverse effects on data quality, it is important to understand how citizen scientists produce data using games, how accurate this data can be, and whether and how games influence data quality. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of individual players’ data quality in MalariaSpot, a citizen science casual game in which volunteers are tasked with detecting parasites in digitized blood sample images. Methods: We used descriptive statistics to analyze a subset of the gameplays recorded and stored in the MalariaSpot database, comparing its clicks to the Gold Standard position of the parasites. This subset includes 15,546 gameplays played over 38 known images that correspond to 97,200 clicks from 1,278 different players. Gameplays have been played via the Android and iOS applications and via the web version of the game. Images were acquired in three different locations and therefore sample preparation have been done by different lab technicians. Two distinct technologies were used for sample digitalization. Results: The overall values for sensibility, specificity, and accuracy of the individual gameplays for the 38 images are 0.82, 0.60, and 0.29 respectively. High presence of parasites in an image makes it easier for players to detect them as their structures tend to look alike and can be compared. Being a simple casual game, the learning curve is very fast and after few minutes, players attend their typical performance level. Data quality is considerably lower in images acquired with mobile phones coupled to the microscope ocular compared to those digitized with standardized digitalization technologies. Conclusions: The results indicate that data quality is influenced by the game, the technologies for image digitalization and the sampling preparation.
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- Tornberg, S, et al.
(författare)
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Ascertainment and evaluation of interval cancers in population-based mammography screening programmes: a collaborative study in four European centres
- 2005
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Ingår i: Journal of medical screening. - : SAGE Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 12:1, s. 43-49
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to estimate the interval cancer (IC) rates in four population-based mammography screening programmes in four countries with different health-care environments, different access to cancer registry data, and different age groupsof women invited. Setting: The screening programmes in Coimbra (Portugal), Dublin (Ireland), Stockholm (Sweden), and Turin (Italy) participated in the study. Methods: All cancer cases were searched for in cancer registries. IC rates and other outcome measures from the screeningprogrammes were estimated and compared between the centres. Poisson regression model was used to estimate the proportional incidence based on IC rate in relation to expected total breast cancer incidence rate in the absence of screening. Results: There was a more than tenfold difference inthe number of invited women at the first round between the involved centres. The IC rates varied between 4.3 and 23.8 per 10,000 women screened. The levels of IC rates in relation to the estimated background incidence varied from 0.35 up to 0.46 depending on age groups involved in the programme,but did not differ significantly between three of the four involved centres. Conclusions: IC rates were quite similar between three of the four centres despite the differences in target population, invited ages, length of building-up of the programmes and different health-care organizations.Different access to complete cancer registry data is likely to explain the lower IC rates in the fourth centre.
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