| 1. |
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Smolen, JS, et al.
(författare)
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EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2022 update
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annals of the rheumatic diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 82:1, s. 3-18
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide an update of the EULAR rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management recommendations addressing the most recent developments in the field.MethodsAn international task force was formed and solicited three systematic literature research activities on safety and efficacy of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) and glucocorticoids (GCs). The new evidence was discussed in light of the last update from 2019. A predefined voting process was applied to each overarching principle and recommendation. Levels of evidence and strengths of recommendation were assigned to and participants finally voted on the level of agreement with each item.ResultsThe task force agreed on 5 overarching principles and 11 recommendations concerning use of conventional synthetic (cs) DMARDs (methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide, sulfasalazine); GCs; biological (b) DMARDs (tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab including biosimilars), abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, sarilumab and targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs, namely the Janus kinase inhibitors tofacitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, upadacitinib. Guidance on monotherapy, combination therapy, treatment strategies (treat-to-target) and tapering in sustained clinical remission is provided. Safety aspects, including risk of major cardiovascular events (MACEs) and malignancies, costs and sequencing of b/tsDMARDs were all considered. Initially, MTX plus GCs is recommended and on insufficient response to this therapy within 3–6 months, treatment should be based on stratification according to risk factors; With poor prognostic factors (presence of autoantibodies, high disease activity, early erosions or failure of two csDMARDs), any bDMARD should be added to the csDMARD; after careful consideration of risks of MACEs, malignancies and/or thromboembolic events tsDMARDs may also be considered in this phase. If the first bDMARD (or tsDMARD) fails, any other bDMARD (from another or the same class) or tsDMARD (considering risks) is recommended. With sustained remission, DMARDs may be tapered but should not be stopped. Levels of evidence and levels of agreement were high for most recommendations.ConclusionsThese updated EULAR recommendations provide consensus on RA management including safety, effectiveness and cost.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Armbrecht, G., et al.
(författare)
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Vertebral Scheuermann's disease in Europe: prevalence, geographic variation and radiological correlates in men and women aged 50 and over
- 2015
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 26:10, s. 2509-2519
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Summary In 27 centres across Europe, the prevalence of deforming spinal Scheuermann's disease in age-stratified population-based samples of over 10,000 men and women aged 50+ averaged 8 % in each sex, but was highly variable between centres. Low DXA BMD was un-associated with Scheuermann's, helping the differential diagnosis from osteoporosis. Introduction This study aims to assess the prevalence of Scheuermann's disease of the spine across Europe in men and women over 50 years of age, to quantitate its association with bone mineral density (BMD) and to assess its role as a confounder for the radiographic diagnosis of osteoporotic fracture. Methods In 27 centres participating in the population-based European Vertebral Osteoporosis Study (EVOS), standardised lateral radiographs of the lumbar and of the thoracic spine from T4 to L4 were assessed in all those of adequate quality. The presence of Scheuermann's disease, a confounder for prevalent fracture in later life, was defined by the presence of at least one Schmorl's node or irregular endplate together with kyphosis (sagittal Cobb angle > 40A degrees between T4 and T12) or a wedged-shaped vertebral body. Alternatively, the (rare) Edgren-Vaino sign was taken as diagnostic. The 6-point-per-vertebral-body (13 vertebrae) method was used to assess osteoporotic vertebral shape and fracture caseness. DXA BMD of the L2-L4 and femoral neck regions was measured in subsets. We also assessed the presence of Scheuermann's by alternative published algorithms when these used the radiographic signs we assessed. Results Vertebral radiographic images from 4486 men and 5655 women passed all quality checks. Prevalence of Scheuermann's varied considerably between centres, and based on random effect modelling, the overall European prevalence using our method was 8 % with no significant difference between sexes. The highest prevalences were seen in Germany, Sweden, the UK and France and low prevalences were seen in Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Centre-level prevalences in men and women were highly correlated. Scheuermann's was not associated with BMD of the spine or hip. Conclusions Since most of the variation in population impact of Scheuermann's was unaccounted for by the radiological and anthropometric data, the search for new genetic and environmental determinants of this disease is encouraged.
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| 6. |
- Günlü, Onur, et al.
(författare)
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Information Theoretic Methods for Future Communication Systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Entropy. - : MDPI. - 1099-4300. ; 25:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is anticipated that future communication systems will involve the use of new technologies, requiring high-speed computations using large amounts of data, in order to take advantage of data-driven methods for improving services and providing reliability and other benefits [...]
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| 7. |
- Günlü, Onur, et al.
(författare)
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Private Key and Decoder Side Information for Secure and Private Source Coding
- 2022
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Ingår i: Entropy. - : MDPI. - 1099-4300. ; 24:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We extend the problem of secure source coding by considering a remote source whose noisy measurements are correlated random variables used for secure source reconstruction. The main additions to the problem are as follows: (1) all terminals noncausally observe a noisy measurement of the remote source; (2) a private key is available to all legitimate terminals; (3) the public communication link between the encoder and decoder is rate-limited; and (4) the secrecy leakage to the eavesdropper is measured with respect to the encoder input, whereas the privacy leakage is measured with respect to the remote source. Exact rate regions are characterized for a lossy source coding problem with a private key, remote source, and decoder side information under security, privacy, communication, and distortion constraints. By replacing the distortion constraint with a reliability constraint, we obtain the exact rate region for the lossless case as well. Furthermore, the lossy rate region for scalar discrete-time Gaussian sources and measurement channels is established. An achievable lossy rate region that can be numerically computed is also provided for binary-input multiple additive discrete-time Gaussian noise measurement channels.
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| 8. |
- Günlü, Onur, et al.
(författare)
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Quality of Security Guarantees for and with Physical Unclonable Functions and Biometric Secrecy Systems
- 2023
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Ingår i: Entropy. - : MDPI. - 1099-4300. ; 25:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unique digital circuit outputs, considered as physical unclonable function (PUF) circuit outputs, can facilitate a secure and reliable secret key agreement. To tackle noise and high correlations between the PUF circuit outputs, transform coding methods combined with scalar quantizers are typically applied to extract the uncorrelated bit sequences reliably. In this paper, we create realistic models for these transformed outputs by fitting truncated distributions to them. We also show that the state-of-the-art models are inadequate to guarantee a target reliability level for all PUF outputs, which also means that secrecy cannot be guaranteed. Therefore, we introduce a quality of security parameter to control the percentage of the PUF circuit outputs for which a target security level can be guaranteed. By applying the finite-length information theory results to a public ring oscillator output dataset, we illustrate that security guarantees can be provided for each bit extracted from any PUF device by eliminating only a small subset of PUF circuit outputs. Furthermore, we conversely show that it is not possible to provide reliability or security guarantees without eliminating any PUF circuit output. Our holistic methods and analyses can be applied to any PUF type, as well as any biometric secrecy system, with continuous-valued outputs to extract secret keys with low hardware complexity.
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| 9. |
- Günlü, Onur, et al.
(författare)
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Secure and Private Distributed Source Coding With Private Keys and Decoder Side Information
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security. - : IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC. - 1556-6013 .- 1556-6021. ; 18, s. 3803-3816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The distributed source coding problem is extended by positing that noisy measurements of a remote source are the correlated random variables that should be reconstructed at another terminal. We consider a secure and private distributed lossy source coding problem with two encoders and one decoder such that (i) all terminals noncausally observe a noisy measurement of the remote source; (ii) a private key is available to each legitimate encoder and all private keys are available to the decoder; (iii) rate-limited noiseless communication links are available between each encoder and the decoder; (iv) the amount of information leakage to an eavesdropper about the correlated random variables is defined as (v) secrecy leakage, and privacy leakage is measured with respect to the remote source; and (vi) two passive attack scenarios are considered, where a strong eavesdropper can access both communication links and a weak eavesdropper can choose only one of the links to access. Inner and outer bounds on the rate regions defined under secrecy, privacy, communication, and distortion constraints are derived for both passive attack scenarios. When one or both sources should be reconstructed reliably, the rate region bounds are simplified.
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| 10. |
- Günlü, Onur, et al.
(författare)
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Secure and Private Source Coding with Private Key and Decoder Side Information
- 2022
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Ingår i: 2022 IEEE INFORMATION THEORY WORKSHOP (ITW). - : IEEE. - 9781665483414 - 9781665483421 ; , s. 226-231
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The problem of secure source coding with multiple terminals is extended by considering a remote source whose noisy measurements are the correlated random variables used for secure source reconstruction. The main additions to the problem include 1) all terminals noncausally observe a noisy measurement of the remote source; 2) a private key is available to all legitimate terminals; 3) the public communication link between the encoder and decoder is rate-limited; and 4) the secrecy leakage to the eavesdropper is measured with respect to the encoder input, whereas the privacy leakage is measured with respect to the remote source. Exact rate regions are characterized for a lossy source coding problem with a private key, remote source, and decoder side information under security, privacy, communication, and distortion constraints. By replacing the distortion constraint with a reliability constraint, we obtain the exact rate region also for the lossless case. Furthermore, the lossy rate region for scalar discrete-time Gaussian sources and measurement channels is established.
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| 11. |
- Ismail, AA, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of limb fracture across Europe: Results from the European Prospective Osteoporosis Study (EPOS)
- 2002
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Ingår i: Osteoporosis International. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1433-2965 .- 0937-941X. ; 13:7, s. 565-571
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this population-based prospective study was to determine the incidence of limb fracture by site and gender in different regions of Europe. Men and women aged 50-79 years were recruited from population registers in 31 European centers. Subjects were invited to attend for an interviewer-administered questionnaire and lateral spinal radiographs. Subjects were subsequently followed up using an annual postal questionnaire which included questions concerning the occurrence of new fractures. Self-reported fractures were confirmed where possible by radiograph, attending physician or subject interview. There were 6451 men and 6936 women followed for a median of 3.0 years. During this time there were 140 incident limb fractures in men and 391 in women. The age-adjusted incidence of any limb fracture was 7,3/1000 person-years [pyrs] in men and 19 per 1000 pyrs in women, equivalent to a 2,5 times excess in women. Among women, the incidence of hip, humerus and distal forearm fracture, though not 'other' limb fracture, increased with age, while in men only the incidence of hip and humerus fracture increased with age. Among women, there was evidence of significant variation in the occurrence of hip, distal forearm and humerus fractures across Europe, with incidence rates higher in Scandinavia than in other European regions. though for distal forearm fracture the incidence in east Europe was similar to that observed in Scandinavia. Among men, there was no evidence of significant geographic variation in the occurrence of these fractures. This is the first large population-based study to characterize the incidence of limb fracture in men and women over 50 years of age across Europe. There are substantial differences in the descriptive epidemiology of limb fracture by region and gender.
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| 12. |
- Smolen, JS, et al.
(författare)
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EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2016 update
- 2017
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Ingår i: Annals of the rheumatic diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 76:6, s. 960-977
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent insights in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) necessitated updating the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) RA management recommendations. A large international Task Force based decisions on evidence from 3 systematic literature reviews, developing 4 overarching principles and 12 recommendations (vs 3 and 14, respectively, in 2013). The recommendations address conventional synthetic (cs) disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) (methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide, sulfasalazine); glucocorticoids (GC); biological (b) DMARDs (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab), abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, clazakizumab, sarilumab and sirukumab and biosimilar (bs) DMARDs) and targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs (Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors tofacitinib, baricitinib). Monotherapy, combination therapy, treatment strategies (treat-to-target) and the targets of sustained clinical remission (as defined by the American College of Rheumatology-(ACR)-EULAR Boolean or index criteria) or low disease activity are discussed. Cost aspects were taken into consideration. As first strategy, the Task Force recommends MTX (rapid escalation to 25 mg/week) plus short-term GC, aiming at >50% improvement within 3 and target attainment within 6 months. If this fails stratification is recommended. Without unfavourable prognostic markers, switching to—or adding—another csDMARDs (plus short-term GC) is suggested. In the presence of unfavourable prognostic markers (autoantibodies, high disease activity, early erosions, failure of 2 csDMARDs), any bDMARD (current practice) or Jak-inhibitor should be added to the csDMARD. If this fails, any other bDMARD or tsDMARD is recommended. If a patient is in sustained remission, bDMARDs can be tapered. For each recommendation, levels of evidence and Task Force agreement are provided, both mostly very high. These recommendations intend informing rheumatologists, patients, national rheumatology societies, hospital officials, social security agencies and regulators about EULAR's most recent consensus on the management of RA, aimed at attaining best outcomes with current therapies.
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| 13. |
- Smolen, JS, et al.
(författare)
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EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update
- 2020
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Ingår i: Annals of the rheumatic diseases. - : BMJ. - 1468-2060 .- 0003-4967. ; 79:6, s. 685-699
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To provide an update of the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management recommendations to account for the most recent developments in the field.MethodsAn international task force considered new evidence supporting or contradicting previous recommendations and novel therapies and strategic insights based on two systematic literature searches on efficacy and safety of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) since the last update (2016) until 2019. A predefined voting process was applied, current levels of evidence and strengths of recommendation were assigned and participants ultimately voted independently on their level of agreement with each of the items.ResultsThe task force agreed on 5 overarching principles and 12 recommendations concerning use of conventional synthetic (cs) DMARDs (methotrexate (MTX), leflunomide, sulfasalazine); glucocorticoids (GCs); biological (b) DMARDs (tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (adalimumab, certolizumab pegol, etanercept, golimumab, infliximab), abatacept, rituximab, tocilizumab, sarilumab and biosimilar (bs) DMARDs) and targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs (the Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors tofacitinib, baricitinib, filgotinib, upadacitinib). Guidance on monotherapy, combination therapy, treatment strategies (treat-to-target) and tapering on sustained clinical remission is provided. Cost and sequencing of b/tsDMARDs are addressed. Initially, MTX plus GCs and upon insufficient response to this therapy within 3 to 6 months, stratification according to risk factors is recommended. With poor prognostic factors (presence of autoantibodies, high disease activity, early erosions or failure of two csDMARDs), any bDMARD or JAK inhibitor should be added to the csDMARD. If this fails, any other bDMARD (from another or the same class) or tsDMARD is recommended. On sustained remission, DMARDs may be tapered, but not be stopped. Levels of evidence and levels of agreement were mostly high.ConclusionsThese updated EULAR recommendations provide consensus on the management of RA with respect to benefit, safety, preferences and cost.
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| 14. |
- Wang, Zhao, et al.
(författare)
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Strong secrecy for interference channels : Achievable rate region and degrees of freedom
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The achievable rate region and degrees of freedom are studied for interference channels with confidential messages under strong secrecy constraints. The problem is studied based on the framework of Han and Verd$\acute{\textrm{u}}$'s channel resolvability theory. It is shown that if the random binning rate for securing a confidential message is slightly above the resolution of its corresponding wiretapped channel, strong secrecy can be guaranteed. At first, the information-spectrum method introduced by Han and Verd$\acute{\textrm{u}}$ is generalized to an arbitrary interference channel to obtain a direct channel resolvability result. After specifying the channel transition probability, the derived resolvability results are shown to be the achievable strong secrecy rates for the stationary and memoryless interference channel. As an application, the secure degrees of freedom (SDOF) for the $K$-user Gaussian interference channel with confidential messages are investigated under strong secrecy constraints. It is shown that the optimal SDOF of the considered network is $\frac{K-1}{2K-1}$ for each user, which equals to its counterpart with weak secrecy constraints. The optimal SDOF scheme is achieved by combining the resolvability-based secrecy coding and artificial noise alignment on the real line. A suboptimal ergodic secure alignment is also proposed for the time-varying interference channels to achieve a sum SDOF of $\frac{K-3}{2K-2}$ for each user. Following the footsteps of Hayashi and of Bloch and Laneman, our results provide further evidence that channel resolvability can be a powerful and general framework for strong secrecy analysis in multiuser networks.
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| 15. |
- Wang, Zhao, et al.
(författare)
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Strong Secrecy for Interference Channels Based on Channel Resolvability
- 2018
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Information Theory. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0018-9448 .- 1557-9654. ; 64:7, s. 5110-5130
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Interference channels with confidential messages are studied under strong secrecy constraints, based on the framework of channel resolvability theory. It is shown that if the random binning rate for securing a confidential message is above the resolution of its corresponding wiretapped channel, strong secrecy can be guaranteed. The information-spectrum method introduced by Han and Verdu is generalized to an arbitrary interference channel to obtain a direct channel resolvability result as a first step. For stationary and memoryless channels with discrete output alphabets, the results show that the achievable rates under weak and strong secrecy constraints are the same. This result is then generalized to channels with continuous output alphabets by deriving a reverse direction of Pinsker's inequality to bound the secrecy measure from above by a function of the variational distance of relevant distributions. As an application, Gaussian interference channels are studied in which the agreement between the best known weak and strong secrecy rate regions also appear. Following the footsteps of Csiszar, Hayashi and of Bloch and Laneman, these results provide further evidence that channel resolvability is a powerful and general framework for strong secrecy analysis in multiuser networks.
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| 16. |
- Wang, Zhao, et al.
(författare)
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Strong Secrecy for Interference Channels from Channel Resolvability
- 2015
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Ingår i: 2015 49th Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems and Computers. - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781467385763 ; , s. 559-563
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The achievable rate region is studied for interference channels with confidential messages under strong secrecy constraints. The problem is investigated based on the framework of the channel resolvability theory. The information-spectrum method introduced by Han and Verdu is first generalized to an arbitrary interference channel to obtain a direct channel resolvability result. The derived resolvability results are then shown to be the achievable strong secrecy rates for the stationary and memoryless interference channel. Our results provide further evidence that channel resolvability can be a powerful and general framework for strong secrecy analysis in multiuser networks.
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