| 1. |
- Staude, I. R., et al.
(författare)
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Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats
- 2022
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Ingår i: Ecology Letters. - : Wiley. - 1461-023X .- 1461-0248. ; 25:2, s. 466-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
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| 2. |
- Porro, M., et al.
(författare)
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The MiniSDD-Based 1-Mpixel Camera of the DSSC Project for the European XFEL
- 2021
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 68:6, s. 1334-1350
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The first DSSC 1-Mpixel camera became available at the European XFEL (EuXFEL) in the Hamburg area in February 2019. It was successfully tested, installed, and commissioned at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering Instrument. DSSC is a high-speed, large-area, 2-D imaging detector system optimized for photon science applications in the energy range between 0.25 and 6 keV. The camera is based on direct conversion Si sensors and is composed of 1024 × 1024 pixels of hexagonal shape with a side length of 136∼μm. The 256 application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs) provide full parallel readout, comprising analog filtering, digitization, and in-pixel data storage. In order to cope with the demanding X-ray pulse time structure of the EuXFEL, the DSSC provides a peak frame rate of 4.5 MHz. The first Mpixel camera is equipped with miniaturized silicon drift detector (MiniSDD) pixel arrays. The intrinsic response of the pixels and the linear readout limit the dynamic range but allow one to achieve noise values of about 60 electrons r.m.s. at the highest frame rate. The challenge of providing high-dynamic range (104 photons/pixel/pulse) and single-photon detection simultaneously requires a nonlinear system front end, which will be obtained with the DEPFET active pixel technology foreseen for the advanced version of the camera. This technology will provide lower noise and a nonlinear response at the sensor level. This article describes the architecture of the whole detector system together with the main experimental results achieved up to now. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
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| 3. |
- Zamora, L., et al.
(författare)
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Characterization of flavobacteria possibly associated with fish and fish farm environment. Description of three novel Flavobacterium species: Flavobacterium collinsii sp nov., Flavobacterium branchiarum sp nov., and Flavobacterium branchiicola sp nov
- 2013
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Ingår i: Aquaculture. - : Elsevier BV. - 0044-8486. ; 416, s. 346-353
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Members of the genus Flavobacterium are widely distributed microorganisms that can be recovered from a wide variety of environments. There has been an increase in the number of species isolated from fish or fish farm environments, some of thempossibly associated with disease. Fourteen Flavobacterium-like isolates recovered from gills, surface of eggs and liver of rainbow trout were characterized by a polyphasic study that included a deep phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, genotypic and phylogenetic analysis. Comparative 16S rRNA gene analysis revealed that isolates represented three separate phylogenetic groups (A-C) within the genus Flavobacterium. Further genotypic and phenotypic data demonstrated that they represent three novel species of the genus Flavobacterium for which the names Flavobacterium collinsii, Flavobacterium branchiarum and Flavobacterium branchiicola are proposed. Most isolates of the three species were collected from gills indicating that they are probably commensal organisms that are able to colonize this tissue. However, some strains were recovered from the liver of two different trout, suggesting their ability to infect trout. (C) 2013 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.
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| 4. |
- Zamora, L, et al.
(författare)
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Chryseobacterium oncorhynchi sp. nov., isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
- 2012
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Ingår i: Systematic and applied microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 1618-0984 .- 0723-2020. ; 35:1, s. 24-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Genotypic and phenotypic analyses were performed on five Gram-negative, catalase and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped bacteria isolated from the gill and liver of four rainbow trout. Studies based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the five new isolates shared 99.8-100% sequence similarity and that they belong to the genus Chryseobacterium. The nearest phylogenetic neighbours of the strain 701B-08(T) were Chryseobacterium ureilyticum F-Fue-04IIIaaaa(T) (99.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Chryseobacterium joosteii LMG 18212(T) (98.6%). DNA-DNA hybridization values between the five isolates were 91-99% and ranged from 2 to 53% between strain 701B-08(T) and the type strains of phylogenetically closely related species of Chryseobacterium. Strain 701B-08(T) had a DNA G+C content of 36.3 mol%, the major fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:1)ω9c, C(16:1)ω6c and iso-C(17:0) 3-OH and the predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6. The novel isolates were distinguished from related Chryseobacterium species by physiological and biochemical tests. The genotypic and phenotypic properties of the isolates from rainbow trout suggest their classification as representatives of a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium oncorhynchi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 701B-08(T) (=CECT 7794(T)=CCUG 60105(T)).
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| 5. |
- Zamora, L, et al.
(författare)
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Chryseobacterium tructae sp. nov., isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).
- 2012
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Ingår i: Systematic and applied microbiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0723-2020. ; 35:5, s. 315-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three pale-orange bacteria (strains 1083-08, 1084-08(T) and 1095B-08) were isolated from diseased rainbow trout. The isolates were Gram-staining-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, rod-shaped cells. Analyses of their 16S rRNA gene sequences confirmed their adscription to the genus Chryseobacterium. The three isolates shared 100% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 98.5% similarity with Chryseobacterium indologenes CCUG 14556(T), being the closest phylogenetically related species. Genomic DNA-DNA hybridization similarity values between the three isolates were 94-100% and 2-39% between strain 1084-08(T) and the type strains of other related Chryseobacterium species, confirming that the isolates represent a novel species within the genus Chryseobacterium. The DNA G+C content of the species was 33.6-36.1mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone of strain 1084-08(T) was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C(15:0), iso-C(17:1)ω9c, iso-C(17:0) 3-OH and C(16:1)ω6c. The isolates were distinguished from related Chryseobacterium species by a number of phenotypic properties. Based on the phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic findings, it is proposed that the new isolates from rainbow trout be classified as a new species of the genus Chryseobacterium, with the name of Chryseobacterium tructae sp. nov. The type strain is 1084-08(T) (=CECT 7798(T)=CCUG 60111(T)).
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| 6. |
- Zamora, L., et al.
(författare)
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Flavobacterium plurextorum sp nov Isolated from Farmed Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2013
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Ingår i: Plos One. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 8:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five strains (1126-1H-08(T), 51B-09, 986-08, 1084B-08 and 424-08) were isolated from diseased rainbow trout. Cells were Gram-negative rods, 0.7 mu m wide and 3 mu m long, non-endospore-forming, catalase and oxidase positive. Colonies were circular, yellow-pigmented, smooth and entire on TGE agar after 72 hours incubation at 25 degrees C. They grew in a temperature range between 15 degrees C to 30 degrees C, but they did not grow at 37 degrees Cor 42 degrees C. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolates belonged to the genus Flavobacterium. Strain 1126-1H-08(T) exhibited the highest levels of similarity with Flavobacterium oncorhynchi CECT 7678(T) and Flavobacterium pectinovorum DSM 6368(T) (98.5% and 97.9% sequence similarity, respectively). DNA-DNA hybridization values were 87 to 99% among the five isolates and ranged from 21 to 48% between strain 1126-1H-08(T), selected as a representative isolate, and the type strains of Flavobacterium oncorhynchi CECT 7678(T) and other phylogenetic related Flavobacterium species. The DNA G+C content of strain 1126-1H-08(T) was 33.2 mol%. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C-15:0 and C-15:0. These data were similar to those reported for Flavobacterium species. Several physiological and biochemical tests differentiated the novel bacterial strains from related Flavobacterium species. Phylogenetic, genetic and phenotypic data indicate that these strains represent a new species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium plurextorum sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is 1126-1H-08(T) (=CECT 7844(T) = CCUG 60112(T)).
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| 7. |
- Zamora, L., et al.
(författare)
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Flavobacterium tructae sp nov and Flavobacterium piscis sp nov., isolated from farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
- 2014
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Ingår i: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. - : Microbiology Society. - 1466-5026 .- 1466-5034. ; 64, s. 392-399
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four Gram-staining-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive, pale-orange pigmented bacterial strains (435-08(T), 47B-3-09, 412R-09(T) and 60B-3-09) were isolated from diseased rainbow trout. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences suggested their adscription to the genus Flavobacterium. Strains formed two phylogenetic groups represented by strains 435-08(T) and 47B-3-09 (group A), and strains 412R-09(T) and 60B-3-09 (group B) displaying 16S rRNA sequence similarities greater than 99.8-99.9% within their respective groups. Strain 435-08(T) exhibited the highest levels of similarity with Flavobacterium aquidurense WB-1.1.56(T) (98.6% sequence similarity) and strain 412R-09(T) with Flavobacterium frigidimaris KUC-1(T) and Flavobacterium aquidurense WB-1.1.56(T) (98.9% and 98.6% sequence similarity, respectively). DNA DNA hybridization studies showed low levels of relatedness between strain 435-08(T) and strain 412R-09(T) and between both strains and the most closely related species of the genus Flavobacterium. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains 435-08(T) and 412R-09(T) were 36.2 and 34.3 mol%, respectively. The predominant respiratory quinone of both strains was MK-6 and the major fatty acids were iso-C-15:0, C-16:1 omega 7c and C-15:0. The two groups of strains could be distinguished from each other and from related species of the genus Flavobacterium by a number of phenotypic properties. Phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic evidence indicated that strains of groups A and B represent two novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the names Flavobacterium tructae sp. nov. (type strain 435-08(T)=CECT 7791(T)=CCUG 60100(T)) and Flavobacterium piscis sp. nov. (type strain 412R-09(T)=CECT 7911(T)=CCUG 60099(T)) are proposed.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Hansen, K., et al.
(författare)
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Qualification and Integration Aspects of the DSSC Mega-Pixel X-Ray Imager
- 2019
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc.. - 0018-9499 .- 1558-1578. ; 66:8, s. 1966-1975
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The focal-plane module is the key component of the DEPFET sensor with signal compression (DSSC) mega-pixel X-ray imager and handles the data of 128 ×512 pixels. We report on assembly-related aspects, discuss the experimental investigation of bonding behavior of different adhesives, and present the metrology and electrical test results of the production. The module consists of two silicon (Si) sensors with flip-chip connected CMOS integrated circuits, a Si-heat spreader, a low-temperature co-fired ceramics circuit board, and a molybdenum frame. A low-modulus urethane-film adhesive fills the gaps between on-board components and frame. It is also used between board and heat spreader, reduces the misfit strain, and minimizes the module warpage very efficiently. The heat spreader reduces the on-board temperature gradient by about one order of magnitude. The placement precision of the bare modules to each other and the frame is characterized by a standard deviation below 10 and 65 μ m, respectively. The displacement due to the in-plane rotation and vertical tilting errors remains below 80 and 50 μm, respectively. The deflection of the sensor plane shows a mean value below 30 μm with a standard deviation below 15 μm. Less than 4% of the application-specified integrated circuits (ASICs) exhibit a malfunction. More than two-thirds of the sensors have a maximum leakage current below 1 μA. © 1963-2012 IEEE.
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| 11. |
- Lassalle, A., et al.
(författare)
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Effect of visual stimuli of pain on empathy brain network in people with and without Autism Spectrum Disorder
- 2018
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Ingår i: European Journal of Neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 0953-816X .- 1460-9568. ; 48:6, s. 2333-2342
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The extent to which affective empathy is impaired in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) remains unclear, as some-but not all-previous neuroimaging studies investigating empathy for pain in ASD have shown similar activation levels to those of neurotypicals individuals. These inconsistent results could be due to the use of different empathy-eliciting stimuli. While some studies used pictures of faces exhibiting a painful expression, others used pictures of limbs in painful situations. In this study, we used fMRI to compare activation in areas associated with empathy processing (empathy network) for these two types of stimuli in 31 participants (16 with ASD, 15 controls). We found a group difference in the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the thalamus when participants viewed stimuli of limbs in painful situations, but not when they viewed face stimuli with a painful expression. Both groups of participants activated their empathy network more when viewing pictures of limbs in painful situations than when viewing pictures of faces with a painful expression; this increased activation for limbs versus faces was significantly enhanced in controls relative to ASD participants, especially in the secondary somatosensory cortex (SII). Our findings suggest that empathy defect of people with ASD is contingent upon the type of stimuli used, and may be related to the level of Mirror Neuron System involvement, as brain regions showing group differences (IFG, SII) underlie embodiment. We discuss the potential clinical implications of our findings in terms of developing interventions boosting the empathetic abilities of people with ASD.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Sarapa, N., et al.
(författare)
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Assessment of normal and tumor tissue uptake of MAG-CPT, a polymer-bound prodrug of camptothecin, in patients undergoing elective surgery for colorectal carcinoma
- 2003
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Ingår i: Cancer Chemother Pharmacol. ; 52:5, s. 424-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: MAG-camptothecin (MAG-CPT) is the lead compound of a novel drug delivery system in which an active cytotoxic moiety, camptothecin (CPT), is covalently linked to a soluble polymeric carrier (MAG) to form an inactive prodrug. The mechanism of action of CPT remains unaltered, but the delivery system is thought to allow the carrier-bound drug to accumulate in tumor tissues and release the active CPT locally. This proof-of-concept clinical study was designed to determine whether MAG-CPT was preferentially delivered to or retained in tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissue or plasma, and to estimate the degree of intratissue release of CPT. METHODS: This was an open, non-randomized study in ten adult patients scheduled for elective surgery for colorectal cancer. Patients received a single dose of 60 mg/m2 (CPT equivalent) of MAG-CPT 24 h, 3 days or 7 days prior to surgery. Plasma, tumor, and adjacent normal tissue samples were collected simultaneously at the time of surgery and analyzed for MAG-bound and released CPT concentrations. RESULTS: MAG-bound and free CPT concentrations in plasma, tumor, and normal tissue achieved equilibrium by 24 h after dosing, declining in parallel up to 7 days after dosing. MAG-bound CPT was delivered to similar levels to tumor and normal tissue. At 24 h after dosing, the mean+/-SD MAG-bound CPT concentrations were 861+/-216 ng/g in tumor and 751+/-215 ng/g in adjacent normal tissue, and free CPT concentrations were lower in tumor than in normal tissue (12.2+/-4.7 ng/g and 21.9+/-6.7 ng/g, respectively). At 24 h after dosing, mean+/-SD ratios of MAG-bound and free CPT in tumor and plasma were 0.13+/-0.03 and 0.22+/-0.09, respectively, and the ratios did not change for up to 7 days after dosing, indicating a lack of preferential retention of MAG-bound CPT or release of free CPT in tumor. These results are in marked contrast to previous data from animal tumor xenograft studies, where MAG-CPT levels were higher in tissue than in plasma at 3 and 7 days after a single i.v. dose. CONCLUSIONS: Delivery of CPT to the target tumor tissue is achievable by means of the MAG-CPT polymer-bound delivery system, with the equilibrium between plasma and tumor tissue concentrations of released CPT being established within 24 h after dosing. However, preferential retention of MAG-bound or released CPT in the tumor relative to normal tissue or plasma was not detected during the 7 days after dosing. The methods employed in our study could be of use in making "go/no-go" decisions on further development of anticancer drugs.
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| 16. |
- De Temmerman, G., et al.
(författare)
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Interactions of diamond surfaces with fusion relevant plasmas
- 2009
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Ingår i: Physica scripta. T. - : Institute of Physics Publishing (IOPP). - 0281-1847 .- 0031-8949 .- 1402-4896. ; T138, s. 014013-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outstanding thermal properties of diamond and its low reactivity towards hydrogen may make it an attractive plasma-facing material for fusion and calls for a proper evaluation of its behaviour under exposure to fusion-relevant plasma conditions. Micro and nanocrystalline diamond layers, deposited on Mo and Si substrates by hot filament chemical vapour deposition (CVD), have been exposed both in tokamaks and in linear plasma devices to measure the erosion rate of diamond and study the modification of the surface properties induced by particle bombardment. Experiments in Pilot-PSI and PISCES-B have shown that the sputtering yield of diamond (both physical and chemical) was a factor of 2 lower than that of graphite. Exposure to detached plasma conditions in the DIII-D tokamak have evidenced a strong resistance of diamond against erosion under those conditions.
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| 17. |
- Flores, Xavier, et al.
(författare)
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Balancing effluent quality, economic cost and greenhouse gas emissions during the evaluation of (plant-wide) control/operational strategies in WWTPs.
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science of the Total Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1026 .- 0048-9697. ; 466-467C, s. 616-624
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The objective of this paper was to show the potential additional insight that result from adding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to plant performance evaluation criteria, such as effluent quality (EQI) and operational cost (OCI) indices, when evaluating (plant-wide) control/operational strategies in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). The proposed GHG evaluation is based on a set of comprehensive dynamic models that estimate the most significant potential on-site and off-site sources of CO2, CH4 and N2O. The study calculates and discusses the changes in EQI, OCI and the emission of GHGs as a consequence of varying the following four process variables: (i) the set point of aeration control in the activated sludge section; (ii) the removal efficiency of total suspended solids (TSS) in the primary clarifier; (iii) the temperature in the anaerobic digester; and (iv) the control of the flow of anaerobic digester supernatants coming from sludge treatment. Based upon the assumptions built into the model structures, simulation results highlight the potential undesirable effects of increased GHG production when carrying out local energy optimization of the aeration system in the activated sludge section and energy recovery from the AD. Although off-site CO2 emissions may decrease, the effect is counterbalanced by increased N2O emissions, especially since N2O has a 300-fold stronger greenhouse effect than CO2. The reported results emphasize the importance and usefulness of using multiple evaluation criteria to compare and evaluate (plant-wide) control strategies in a WWTP for more informed operational decision making.
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| 18. |
- Lassalle, Amandine, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of anxiety and alexithymia on brain activations associated with the perception of others' pain in autism.
- 2019
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Ingår i: Social neuroscience. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1747-0927 .- 1747-0919. ; 14:3, s. 359-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The circumstances under which empathy is altered in ASD remain unclear, as previous studies did not systematically find differences in brain activation between ASD and controls in empathy-eliciting paradigms, and did not always monitor whether differences were primarily due to ASD "per se", or to conditions overlapping with ASD, such as alexithymia and anxiety. Here, we collected fMRI data from 47 participants (22 ASD) viewing pictures depicting hands and feet of unknown others in painful, disgusting, or neutral situations. We computed brain activity for painful and disgusting stimuli (vs. neutral) in whole brain and in regions of interest among the brain areas typically activated during the perception of nociceptive stimuli. Group differences in brain activation disappeared when either alexithymia or anxiety - both elevated in the ASD group - were controlled for. Regression analyses indicated that the influence of symptoms was mainly shared between autistic symptomatology, alexithymia and anxiety or driven by unique contributions from alexithymia or anxiety. Our results suggest that affective empathy may be affected in ASD, but that this association is complex. The respective contribution of alexithymia and anxiety to decreased affective empathy of people with ASD may be due to the association of those psychiatric conditions with reduced motor resonance/Theory of Mind.
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| 19. |
- Manzanillas, L., et al.
(författare)
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Development of multi-element monolithic germanium detectors for X-ray detection at synchrotron facilities
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 1047
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In past years efforts have concentrated on the development of arrays of Silicon Drift Detectors for X-ray spectroscopy. This is in stark contrast to the little effort that has been devoted to the improvement of germanium detectors, in particular for synchrotron applications. Germanium detectors have better energy resolution and are more efficient in detecting high energy photons than silicon detectors. In this context, the detector consortium of the European project LEAPS-INNOV has set an ambitious R&D program devoted to the development of a new generation of multi-element monolithic germanium detectors for X-ray detection. In order to improve the performance of the detector under development, simulations of the different detector design options have been performed. In this contribution, the efforts in terms of R&D are outlined with a focus on the modelization of the detector geometry and first performance results. These performance results show that a signal-to-background ratio larger than 1000 can be achieved in the energy range of interest from 5 keV to 100 keV.
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| 20. |
- Orsini, F., et al.
(författare)
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XAFS-DET : A new high throughout X-ray spectroscopy detector system developed for synchrotron applications
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research, Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0168-9002. ; 1045
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The high brilliance and coherent beams resulting from recent upgraded synchrotron radiation facilities open the way for a large range of experiments, where detectors play a key role in the techniques and methods developed to fully exploit the upgraded synchrotron. For instance, one of the major limitations of XAFS experiment is the performance of the detectors. In order to be able to measure more challenging samples and to cope with the very high photon flux of the current and future (diffraction limited) sources, technological developments of detectors are necessary. In this framework, the germanium detector developed in the European project LEAPS-INNOV aims at improving several technological aspects. This type of detector represents a very important class of instruments for X-ray spectroscopy due to the fact that they enable to detect efficiently photons of considerable higher energy with respect to silicon detectors. The objective of this project consists in pushing the detector performance beyond the state-of-the-art. Preliminary layout and main choices for the design studies of this new detector are presented in this paper.
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| 21. |
- Porro, S., et al.
(författare)
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Diamond coatings exposure to fusion-relevant plasma conditions
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of Nuclear Materials. - : Elsevier BV. - 0022-3115 .- 1873-4820. ; 415:1, s. S161-S164
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several types of diamond layers have been deposited on molybdenum tiles by chemical vapour deposition techniques, and exposed under erosion-dominated conditions in the SOL of TEXTOR in order to assess them as a suitable candidate for plasma-facing material. Post-exposure characterisation of physical properties and surface modification induced by the plasma was performed by SEM imaging, investigation of diamond surface by micro-Raman spectroscopy and deuterium retention measurements by NRA. The analyses evidenced that lightly boron-doped micro-crystalline diamond is performing better than undoped and heavily doped samples, and nano-crystalline diamond and diamond-like carbon, as it showed lower surface modification, lower presence of arcing traces at the surface and lower deuterium retention. High concentration of boron in the layers led to higher retention of deuterium, whereas undoped (insulating) diamond showed increased arcing activity. Nano-crystalline diamond and diamond-like carbon layers generally showed poorer mechanical properties.
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| 22. |
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
- Zhou Hagström, Nanna, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Megahertz-rate Ultrafast X-ray Scattering and Holographic Imaging at the European XFEL
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence, and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, we present the results from the first megahertz repetition rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL. We illustrate the experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at MHz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative examples, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Nevertheless, our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
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| 25. |
- Zhou Hagström, Nanna, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Megahertz-rate ultrafast X-ray scattering and holographic imaging at the European XFEL
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Synchrotron Radiation. - : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr). - 0909-0495 .- 1600-5775. ; 29, s. 1454-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The advent of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has revolutionized fundamental science, from atomic to condensed matter physics, from chemistry to biology, giving researchers access to X-rays with unprecedented brightness, coherence and pulse duration. All XFEL facilities built until recently provided X-ray pulses at a relatively low repetition rate, with limited data statistics. Here, results from the first megahertz-repetition-rate X-ray scattering experiments at the Spectroscopy and Coherent Scattering (SCS) instrument of the European XFEL are presented. The experimental capabilities that the SCS instrument offers, resulting from the operation at megahertz repetition rates and the availability of the novel DSSC 2D imaging detector, are illustrated. Time-resolved magnetic X-ray scattering and holographic imaging experiments in solid state samples were chosen as representative, providing an ideal test-bed for operation at megahertz rates. Our results are relevant and applicable to any other non-destructive XFEL experiments in the soft X-ray range.
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