| 1. |
- All, Rainar, et al.
(författare)
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Olyckor, riskanalyser och säkerhetsarbete : Några olika perspektiv inom Räddningsverket
- 2006
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- SammanfattningSyftet med denna kartläggning har varit att ge en nulägesbild över hur riskanalyser, riskbedömningar och riskvärderingar sker i Räddningsverkets arbete med skydd mot olyckor. Ett syfte har också varit att beskriva de olika strategier för säkerhetsarbete som tillämpas i myndigheten.Kartläggningen har utförts genom gruppintervjuer under perioden oktober 2004 mars 2005 och har följts upp med hjälp av två seminarier i november 2005. Analysgruppen har bestått av medarbetare vid Räddningsverkets sekretariat för forskning och analys.Resultaten visar bland annat att:- verkets arbete utgår från en kompott av olyckor, skador och händelser, var och en med sin egen logik baserad på tradition, lagstiftning och politisk inriktning- arbetet bedrivs utifrån en mångfald av strategier som i många fall inte är produkten av genomtänkta analyser och medvetna val- verkets olika roller behöver närmare analyseras och kopplas till tydligarestrategier och metoder för arbetet med skydd mot olyckor- säkerhetsarbete och riskhantering är inte synonyma begrepp i myndigheten- det saknas myndighetsgemensamma begreppsdefinitioner inom det kartlagdaområdet- det råder en brist i myndigheten på djupare diskussioner och reflektioner kring värdegrunder och principer för riskvärdering.Rapporten behandlar många olika frågor som på olika sätt är relevanta för Räddningsverkets arbete på kort och lång sikt. I rapporten ges ett tiotal förslag till fortsatt arbete. Några förslag är att:- utarbeta en begreppspolicy för myndigheten- utarbeta information till privatpersoner som lagenliga skyldigheter inom det olycksförebyggande området- satsa på kompetensutveckling internt- starta ett utvecklingsarbete inom riskvärdering- utveckla analysförmåga för framtidens olycksrisk- starta en idéverkstad för framtida säkerhetsarbeteKartläggningen ska ligga till grund för fortsatt utvecklingsarbete inom Räddningsverket. Delar av materialet kan också komma att utgöra underlag förutveckling av läromedel för verkets utbildningsverksamhet. Rapporten utgör också en möjlig källa för fortsatt forskning och analys inom området
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| 2. |
- Chen, Deliang, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Projecting future local precipitation and its extremes for Sweden
- 2015
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Ingår i: Geografiska Annaler. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0435-3676 .- 1468-0459. ; 97:1, s. 25-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A procedure to obtain future local precipitation characteristics focused on extreme conditions has been developed based on a weather generator. The method involves six major steps: (1) the weather generator was calibrated using observed daily precipitation at 220 Swedish stations during 1961–2004; (2) present and future daily precipitation characteristics for the Swedish stations from two global climate models, namely ECHAM5 and HadCM3, were used to calculate weather generator parameters for the present and future climates at global climate model spatial scales; (3) the ratio of the weather generator parameters for the present climate simulated by the global climate models to those calculated for each station falling into the global climate model grid box were computed for all the stations; (4) these ratios were also assumed to be valid in the future climate, that way the future parameters for each station for the global climate model projected future climate could be calculated; (5) using the estimated future parameters of the weather generator, the future daily precipitation at each station could be simulated by the weather generator; (6) the simulated daily precipitation was used to compute eight indices describing mean and extreme precipitation climates. The future mean and extreme precipitation characteristics at the stations under the Second Report on Emission Scenarios A2 scenario were obtained and presented. An overall increasing trend for frequency and intensity of the indices are identified for the majority of the stations studied. The developed downscaling methodology is relatively simple but useful in deriving local precipitation changes, including changes in the precipitation extremes.
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| 5. |
- Lundh, Charlotta, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Radiation-induced thyroid stunning: differential effects of (123)I, (131)I, (99m)Tc, and (211)At on iodide transport and NIS mRNA expression in cultured thyroid cells.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. - : Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505. ; 50:7, s. 1161-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent clinical and experimental data demonstrate that thyroid stunning is caused by previous irradiation and may influence the efficacy of (131)I radiation therapy of thyroid cancer and possibly hyperthyroidism. To avoid stunning, many clinics have exchanged (131)I for (123)I for pretherapeutic diagnostic imaging and dose planning. Furthermore, recent in vitro studies indicate that (131)I irradiation reduces iodide uptake by downregulating the expression of the sodium iodide symporter (NIS). The rationale for this study was therefore to study effects on iodide transport and NIS messenger RNA (mRNA) expression in thyrocytes exposed to both (123)I and (131)I in addition to some other potentially interesting radionuclides. METHODS: Thyrotropin-stimulated thyroid cell monolayers were exposed to 0.5 Gy of (123)I, (131)I, (99m)Tc, or (211)At, all being radionuclides transported via NIS, in the culture medium for 6 h, or to various absorbed doses of (123)I or (131)I for 48 h. NIS mRNA expression was analyzed using quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Iodide transport and NIS mRNA expression were reduced by all radionuclides. At the same absorbed dose, iodide transport was reduced the most by (211)At, followed by (123)I and (99m)Tc (equally potent), whereas (131)I was least effective. The onset of NIS downregulation was rapid (<1 d after irradiation) in cells exposed to (123)I or (211)At and was delayed in cells irradiated with (131)I or (99m)Tc. Iodide transport and NIS expression were recovered only for (211)At. (123)I reduced the iodine transport and the NIS mRNA expression more efficiently than did (131)I at an equivalent absorbed dose, with a relative biological effectiveness of about 5. CONCLUSION: The stunning effect per unit absorbed dose is more severe for (123)I than for (131)I. Despite the lower absorbed dose per unit activity for (123)I than for (131)I, stunning by (123)I cannot be excluded in patients. The degree to which iodide transport capacity and NIS mRNA expression are reduced seems to be related to the biological effectiveness of the type of radiation delivering the absorbed dose to the target, with (211)At (which has the highest relative biological effectiveness) causing the highest degree of stunning per unit absorbed dose in the present study.
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| 6. |
- Postgård, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Stunning of iodide transport by (131)I irradiation in cultured thyroid epithelial cells.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine. - 0161-5505. ; 43:6, s. 828-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The existence of thyroid stunning (i.e., inhibited thyroidal iodide uptake after administration of diagnostic amounts of (131)I) is controversial and is currently a subject of debate. To our knowledge, the stunning phenomenon has not been investigated previously in vitro. METHODS: Growth-arrested porcine thyroid cells that formed a tight and polarized monolayer in a bicameral chamber were irradiated with 3-80 Gy (131)I present in the surrounding culture medium for 48 h. The iodide transport capacity after irradiation was evaluated 3 d later by measuring the transepithelial (basal to apical) flux of trace amounts of (125)I. RESULTS: The basal-to-apical (125)I transport decreased with increasing absorbed dose acquired from (131)I; a nearly 50% reduction was observed already at 3 Gy. Stable iodide at the same molarity as (131)I (10(-8) mol/L) had no effect on the (125)I transport. Cell number and epithelial integrity were not affected by irradiation. CONCLUSION: Stunning of iodide transport is detected after (131)I irradiation of cultured thyroid cells. The degree of inhibition of transport is dependent on the absorbed dose.
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