| 1. |
- Agnafors, Sara, et al.
(author)
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Health care utilization in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders
- 2023
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In: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : WILEY. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 148:4, s. 327-337
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Mental illness is increasing among young people and likewise the request for health care services. At the same time, somatic comorbidity is common in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. There is a lack of studies on health care use in children and adolescents, and the hypothesis was that children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders use more primary-, and specialized somatic health care compared to children without psychiatric disorders. Methods: In this retrospective population-based register study, all individuals aged 3-17 years living in Vastra Gotaland region in Sweden in 2017 were included (n = 298,877). Linear and Poisson regression were used to compare health care use during 2016-2018 between children with and without psychiatric diagnoses, controlling for age and gender. The results were reported as unstandardised beta coefficient (beta) and adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) respectively. Results: Having a psychiatric diagnosis was associated with more primary care visits (beta 2.35, 95% CI 2.30-2.40). This applied to most diagnoses investigated. Girls had more primary care visits than boys. Likewise, individuals with psychiatric diagnoses had more specialized somatic outpatient care (beta 1.70, 95% CI 1.67-1.73), both planned and unplanned (beta 1.23, 95% CI 1.21-1.25; beta 0.18, 95% CI 0.17-0.19). Somatic inpatient care was more common in those having a psychiatric diagnosis (aPR 1.65, 95% CI 1.58-1.72), with the diagnoses of psychosis and substance use exerting the greatest risk. Conclusions: Psychiatric diagnoses were associated with increased primary-, somatic outpatient- as well as somatic inpatient care. Increased awareness of comorbidity and easy access to relevant health care could be beneficial for patients and caregivers. The results call for a review of current health care systems with distinct division between medical disciplines and levels of health care.
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| 2. |
- Brorsson Lundqvist, Elina, et al.
(author)
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Physical activity on prescription in Swedish primary care: a survey on use, views, and implementation determinants amongst general practitioners
- 2024
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. - 0281-3432 .- 1502-7724. ; 42:1, s. 61-71
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Introduction: Swedish Physical Activity on Prescription (PAP) has been shown to increase physical activity levels, which is known to lead to positive health effects. PAP is being implemented in Swedish healthcare to various extents. However, there is a lack of knowledge about how Swedish general practitioners (GPs) work with PAP and what hinders and facilitates wider implementation. Aims: This study aimed to survey GPs’ use and views of PAP, identify barriers and facilitators for implementing PAP, and explore associations to gender, practice location, and experience. Methods: The study was framed by the Normalization Process Theory. A survey was sent to 463 GPs at 69 different healthcare centres in Region Västra Götaland. Data were analysed using multiple logistic and linear regressions. Results: A total of 143 GPs completed the survey (response rate 31%). Views on PAP were generally positive amongst respondents, but only 27% reported using PAP regularly. The most prominent reported barriers were insufficient training and resources. Positive views and willingness to collaborate in using PAP were identified as facilitators. Responding GPs in Gothenburg used PAP more often (OR 6.4; 95% CI 2.7–14.8) and were significantly more positive to the method than GPs in other areas of the region. GPs with more than 10 years of practice used PAP more often (OR 2.5; 95% CI 1.1–6.0) than less experienced GPs. Few of the investigated variables were associated with gender. Conclusions: The positive views amongst responding GPs are helpful, but more education, training and resources are needed for successful implementation of PAP in Swedish primary health care.
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| 3. |
- Duggan, E. C., et al.
(author)
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A Multi-study Coordinated Meta-analysis of Pulmonary Function and Cognition in Aging
- 2019
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In: Journals of Gerontology Series a-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1079-5006 .- 1758-535X. ; 74:11, s. 1793-1804
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Substantial research is dedicated to understanding the aging-related dynamics among Methods: We performed coordinated analysis of bivariate growth models in data from 20,586 Results: We found consistent but weak baseline and longitudinal associations in levels of pulmonary Conclusions: Results provide limited evidence for a consistent link between simultaneous changes in
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| 4. |
- Iloson, Carina, et al.
(author)
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Awareness of somatisation disorder among Swedish physicians at emergency departments: a cross-sectional survey.
- 2024
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In: BMC Psychiatry. - 1471-244X. ; 24:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Somatisation is a highly prevalent psychiatric syndrome in both women and men, in which psychological distress is manifested in physical symptoms without a medical explanation. Many patients with somatisation disorder are high healthcare utilisers, particularly at emergency departments. Unnecessary investigations and diagnostic operations occur frequently, which cause both patient suffering and a significant burden on the healthcare system. Emergency department physicians' awareness of somatisation and its manifestations has not previously been studied. This study aimed to investigate awareness about somatisation disorder among physicians working at emergency departments in western Sweden, and to explore differences between gender, specialty, and work experience.A web-based, cross-sectional survey consisting of six dichotomous questions about somatisation disorder was conducted, in December 2021 - January 2022, among licensed physicians of various specialties working at emergency departments in western Sweden. Descriptive analyses and comparative analyses were performed to investigate differences between gender, type of specialty, and years of practice. Data were analysed using chi2 tests and Fisher's exact test.Of the 526 eligible physicians who received the survey, 241 responded; response rate 45.8%. The majority of the respondents (56.4%) were women, and most (35.3%) were specialised in obstetrics/gynaecology. Average years of work experience was 11.1 (SD 8.7) years. Although 71% of respondents were aware of the diagnosis, only 7% knew the diagnostic criteria and only 6% had ever diagnosed a patient with somatisation disorder. Female physicians were more aware of underlying factors than their male colleagues (55.7% vs. 38.2%; p=.010). Type of specialty or years of practice did not affect awareness.Awareness of somatisation disorder is low among physicians working at emergency departments in western Sweden. The findings suggest a need to increase awareness and knowledge and provide training in diagnosing the condition, to ensure correct decisions and optimal patient management. Clinical guidelines need to be developed to support diagnosis, investigation, and treatment, in Sweden as well as internationally.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Boo, et al.
(author)
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I Rate My Memory Quite Similar at Age 40 and at Age 70 Findings in a Swedish Longitudinal Study on Subjective Memory over a 30-Year Period
- 2020
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In: Geropsych-the Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1662-9647. ; 33:4, s. 235-244
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In 1987, we administered a subjective memory questionnaire to 143 40-year-old men, and 30 years later 67 of them again responded to the same questionnaire at age 70. At the follow-up, we also instructed participants to answer the questionnaire in the same manner as they thought they did at age 40 and to perform a picture recognition and a public event test. We employed confirmatory factor analysis to model a latent subjective memory construct. A single-factor solution provided acceptable model fit to data (chi(2)(12) = 9.33, p = .68; chi(2)(12) = 10.48, p = .57) and a decent reliability at both ages for the subjective memory measurements (omega = .82 and .93, respectively). Our longitudinal invariance testing revealed only a partial weak invariance. We also fitted a latent change-score model to the data. As expected, participants on average rated their memory as poorer at age 70 than at 40. Those who reported better overall health and less anxiety reported less memory decline up to age 70. Notably, this was also the case for those who rated memory as worse at age 40. Higher stress and depression at age 70, however, were associated with worse subjective memory already at age 40. The correspondences between memory ratings and tests were low. The correlation between the subjective memory factors at age 40 and 70 was 0.58, while the correlation between the memory factor at age 70 and the retrospective subjective memory factor was 0.87. Our findings suggest that subjective memory is quite consistent, and that we are inclined to preserve the continuity of our own memory functioning over the adult lifespan.
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| 6. |
- Lindwall, Magnus, 1975, et al.
(author)
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Dynamic associations of change in physical activity and change in cognitive function: Coordinated analyses of four longitudinal studies
- 2012
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In: Journal of Aging Research. - : Hindawi Limited. - 2090-2204 .- 2090-2212. ; 2012
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The present study used a coordinated analyses approach to examine the association of physical activity and cognitive change in four longitudinal studies. A series of multilevel growth models with physical activity included both as a fixed (between-person) and time-varying (within-person) predictor of four domains of cognitive function (reasoning, memory, fluency, and semantic knowledge) was used. Baseline physical activity predicted fluency, reasoning and memory in two studies. However, there was a consistent pattern of positive relationships between time-specific changes in physical activity and time-specific changes in cognition, controlling for expected linear trajectories over time, across all four studies. This pattern was most evident for the domains of reasoning and fluency.
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| 7. |
- Lundqvist, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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The effects of a 5-year physical activity on prescription (PAP) intervention in patients with metabolic risk factors.
- 2022
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In: PloS one. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 17:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Increased physical activity (PA) has positive effects on health and longevity. In Swedish healthcare, the physical activity on prescription (PAP) method reportedly increases patients' PA levels for up to 12 months, but long-term follow ups are lacking. As it remains difficult to maintain lifestyle changes, our aim was to evaluate adherence and clinical effects at a 5-year follow-up of PAP treatment in primary healthcare.This longitudinal, prospective cohort study included 444 patients, (56% female), aged 27-85 years, with at least one metabolic risk factor. Participants were offered PAP by nurses or physiotherapists. The PAP intervention included an individualised dialogue, a PA recommendation by written prescription, and individually adjusted follow-up over 5 years, according to the Swedish PAP model. Patient PA level, metabolic risk factors, and health related quality of life (HRQoL) were measured at baseline and at the 6-month, 1.5-year, 2.5-year, 3.5-year, and 5-year follow-ups. Estimated latent growth curves were used to examine levels and rates of change in the outcomes.The study dropout rate was 52%, with 215 of 444 patients completing the 5-year follow-up. At follow-up, the mean PA level had increased by 730 MET-minutes per week or 3 hours of moderate-intensity PA/week when compared to baseline. During the 5-year intervention, we observed significant positive changes (p ≤ 0.05) in 9 of 11 metabolic risk factors and HRQoL parameters: body mass index, waist circumference, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, and mental component summary.This first evaluation of a 5-year PAP intervention in primary care demonstrated positive long-term (5 years) effects regarding PA level, metabolic health, and HRQoL. The recorded long-term adherence was ~50%, which is in line with medical treatment. Despite limitations, PAP can have long-term effects in an ordinary primary care setting.
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| 8. |
- Praetorius Björk, Marcus, 1982
(author)
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Bio-behavioral inquiries regarding cognitive aging and distance to death: The role of gender, APOE, grip strength and subjective memory
- 2016
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- To better understand the nature of cognitive functioning later in life, it is important to gain further knowledge regarding factors that contribute to cognitive aging. Therefore, the overall aim of this thesis was to investigate cognitive change in relation to a select set of bio-behavioral markers (i.e. gender, APOE, grip strength and subjective memory) while taking time to death into account. The studies are all based on the OCTO-Twin study, a Swedish longitudinal population-based study on people aged 80 years and older, assessed every other year, at a maximum of five times. The aim of study I was to examine gender differences in levels and rates of change in cognitive performance in the oldest old in the context of time to death. The study did not show any cognitive differences between men and women, with the exception that men showed a steeper rate of decline in semantic memory. This effect was driven by those who had developed dementia and therefore declined at a faster rate than women. The aim of study II was to explicate the assumed negative association between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 and levels and rates of cognitive change later in life. We found that there was a negative effect of the APOE ε4 allele prior to death also late in life, especially when it came to episodic memory performance. Notably, the influence of APOE on levels and rates of change was highly influenced by incident dementia. The aim of Study III was to examine potential associations regarding levels and change between cognitive performance and grip strength later in life. The results indicated consistent developmental associations across all cognitive domains in levels and rates of cognitive change and grip strength. In study IV, we investigated level and rate of change in subjective memory in relation to impending death, in addition to its associations with objective memory measurements. The results showed a subjective decline in memory in relation to impending death and that the level and within-person change in subjective memory and objective memory are related. In sum, this thesis shows that gender, APOE, grip strength and subjective memory are related to cognitive decline in relation to impending death. Keywords: levels and rates of change in cognitive performance, oldest old, time to death, APOE, gender, grip strength, subjective memory
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| 9. |
- Praetorius Björk, Marcus, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Ett förlängt arbetsliv – forskning om arbetstagarnas och arbetsmarknadens förutsättningar
- 2014
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Arbetsmarknadsutskottet har genom riksdagsförvaltningens utvärderings- och forskningssekretariat tagit fram en forskningsbaserad underlagsrapport om förutsättningarna för ett längre arbetsliv. Fokus riktas i rapporten mot arbetstagare som är 55 år eller äldre. Bakgrunden är att den ökande medellivslängden och en allt äldre befolkning aktualiserar frågor om hur arbetskraften kan tas tillvara. Huvudfrågan är vilka kroppsliga och kognitiva förutsättningar det finns för att arbeta länge, samt hur arbetsmarknaden är utformad för att tillvarata erfaren arbetskraft. Underlaget belyser förutsättningar utifrån kön och olika sektorer på arbetsmarknaden, liksom hur utvecklingen har sett ut tidigare och kan förväntas se ut framöver. Utskottet har tidigare intresserat sig för frågorna, bland annat genom ett öppet seminarium om erfaren arbetskraft i mars 2013. Forskningsgenomgången har tagits fram av Marcus Praetorius, doktorand i psykologi vid Göteborgs universitet, som under hösten 2013 har deltagit i utvärderings- och forskningssekretariatets doktorandprogram med finansiering av forskningsrådet Forte (tidigare FAS). Projektledare har varit forskningssekreterare Anna Kåring Wagman. I arbetet har också forskningssekreterare Lars Eriksson och Fanny Lindvall, praktikant, deltagit. Roland Kadefors, professor i sociologi och arbetsvetenskap vid Göteborgs universitet, och Boo Johansson, professor i geropsykologi vid Göteborgs universitet, har läst och på ett mycket förtjänstfullt sätt kommenterat underlaget. Som brukligt är svarar författaren för innehåll och slutsatser i forskningsgenomgången.
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| 10. |
- Praetorius Björk, Marcus, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) as a biomarker of cognitive decline at the end of life: contrasting age and time to death trajectories
- 2018
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In: International psychogeriatrics. - 1041-6102 .- 1741-203X. ; 30:7, s. 981-990
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background:: A recently published study suggests that Gamma-Glutamyltransferase (GGT) in midlife is related to an increased risk of dementia. In the present longitudinal study, we explore the effects of serum GGT on cognitive decline and dementia also in more advanced ages. Methods:: We analyzed GGT in a sample of 452 individuals, aged 80 years and older at baseline, with the purpose to explore subsequent effects on cognitive performance. We specifically modeled GGT to cognitive change, time to death, and dementia. Results:: Our main finding is that a higher level of GGT is associated with cognitive decline prior to death and vascular dementia in late life. These findings were evident across cognitive domains. Conclusions:: This is the first longitudinal study to report on significant associations in late life between GGT, cognitive performance and dementia. Further research is needed to examine the underlying mechanisms of GGT as a marker of age-related cognitive decline.
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| 11. |
- Praetorius Björk, Marcus, 1982, et al.
(author)
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I forgot when I lost my grip - Strong associations between cognition and grip strength in level of performance and change across time in relation to impending death
- 2016
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In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580. ; 38, s. 68-72
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An association between level of cognitive function and grip strength is well established while evidence for longitudinal associations of change in the two functions is still unclear. We examined associations between cognition and grip strength in levels of performance and in longitudinal change in late life in a population-based sample, aged 80 years and older at baseline, followed until death. The sample consisted of 449 non-demented individuals drawn from the OCTO-twin study. A test battery assessing 6 cognitive domains and grip strength was administered at five occasions with measurements intervals of two years. We fitted time to death bivariate growth curve models, adjusted for age, education and sex which resulted in associations between grip strength and cognition in both levels of performance (across all cognitive domains) and rates of change (in four out of six domains). These results show that cognition and grip strength change conjointly in later life and that the association between cognition and grip strength is stronger prior to death than earlier in life.
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| 12. |
- Praetorius, Marcus, 1982
(author)
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Cognitive change in aging: A life span perspective of gender and individual differences in APOE genotype
- 2011
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Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Degree of licentiate in Psychology Abstract Praetorius, M. (2011). Cognitive change in aging: A life span p erspective of gender and individual differences in APOE genotype. Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Sweden The world population is aging and which unfortunately produces greater challenges because of the increasing risk with age for cognitive ilI-health. In that sense, research on potential risk factors from a life span perspective is of importance. The aim of the thesis was to investigate how two congenitai factors Apolipoprotein E and gender, influence mortality related cognitive performance in late life. The genetic predisposition remains throughout the life span although influences on functioning and cognitive performance can differ over time. The effect of gender is more clearly influenced by the social environment through life style and cohort differences. In the two studies, we used the same statistical analyses, mixed level modelling, to analyze longitudinal data and both also took individual differences in mortality/survival into account for a better understanding of cognitive performance in late life. The aim of study I was to examine the assumed negative association between the APOE e4 allele and cognitive change in old age and we investigate the potential contribution of incident dementia for this association. The sample consisted of 366 non-demented individuals and 116 incident dementia cases, with confirmed death dates, aged 80 years and older, bom 1893-1913 and drawn from the OCTO-twin study. We found that there was a negative effect of the APOE e4 allele on cognitive performance in late life and that the association is moderated by incident dementia. The aim of study II was to examine gender differences in level and change in cognitive performance in oldest old in the context of time to death. Previous studies have found that gender differences in late life are stable, i.e. there is no change over the life-cycle. None of these studies, however, have taken gender differences in mortality and survival into account for these differences. 568 individuals with confirmed death dates aged 80 years and older, bom 1893-1913 was drawn from the OCTO-twin study. We used two different time metrics for analyzing gender differences. A linear chronological age metric and a linear time to death metric that was based on differences in mortality was applied. When we used the linear chronological age model we found gender differences in level of cognitive performance but not in change. When we employed the linear time to death mode! we found gen der differences in level of cognitive performance and also in change. Our results reflect that there are gender differences in level of cognitive performance and change in late life that is influenced by a female advantage in longevity. In sum, this thesis indicates that there is a relationship between cognitive performance and differences in mortality and survival in late life that is associated with differences 'given from birth', genes (APOE) and gender. The thesis also demonstrates the importance of investigating differences in the APOE genotype and gender differences for cognitive leve! of functioning and change in the context of time to death. Keywords: cognitive performance, late life, APOE, gender, time to death ISSN 1101-718X ISRN GUIPSYKlA VH--257--SE Marcus Praetorius, Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Box 500, 504 30, Gothenburg, Sweden. Phone: +46317861646, E-mail: marcus.praetorius@psy.gu.se
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| 13. |
- Praetorius, Marcus, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Gender Differences in Cognitive Performance in Old Age: Adjusting for Longevity
- 2014
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In: GeroPsych: The Journal of Gerontopsychology and Geriatric Psychiatry. - : Hogrefe Publishing Group. - 1662-9647 .- 1662-971X. ; 27:3, s. 129-134
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: To examine gender differences in level and change of cognitive performance in the oldest old while accounting for gender differences in longevity. Method: 574 individuals, aged 80 years and older, from the OCTO Twin Study. Five cognitive domains were administered at five occasions at 2-year intervals. Results: There were no cognitive differences between men and women, with the exception that men showed a steeper rate of decline in semantic memory. This effect was driven by men who had developed dementia and declined at a faster rate than women. Conclusion: Our results support previous findings showing minor to nonexisting gender differences in cognition among nondemented individuals in very old age when taking gender differences in longevity into account.
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| 14. |
- Praetorius, Marcus, 1982, et al.
(author)
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Substantial effects of APOE ε4 on memory decline in very old age: Longitudinal findings from a population-based sample
- 2013
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In: Neurobiology of Aging. - : Elsevier BV. - 0197-4580. ; 34:12, s. 2734-2739
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We examined associations between the apolipoprotein E (APOE) epsilon 4 allele and levels of performance and rates of change in cognition in late life taking incident dementia into account. The sample consisted of 482 nondemented individuals, aged 80 years and older at baseline, drawn from the OCTO twin study. A battery of 10 cognitive tests was administered at 5 occasions with measurements intervals of 2 years. We fitted hierarchical linear models with time specified as time to death and controlled for baseline age, sex, education, stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and incident dementia. The epsilon 4 allele was significantly associated with lower levels of performance or steeper rate of decline in all 7 memory tests. Largest effect sizes were found in tests of delayed recall and recognition memory. The effects of the APOE epsilon 4 allele were, however, reduced to a nonsignificant level in all tests except 1 after accounting for incident dementia. The findings support the notion that the APOE epsilon 4 allele is associated with substantial memory decline in very old age, but as expected, the effect is largely related to incident dementia. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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| 15. |
- Praetorius, Marcus, 1982, et al.
(author)
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THE APOE epsilon 4 GENOTYPE ACCELERATES TERMINAL DECLINE IN COGNITION IN THE OLDEST-OLD
- 2011
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In: Gerontologist. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0016-9013. ; 51:Supplement 2
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Several studies have been published recent years which states that differences in individual cognitive change in old age is associated with impending death. The relationship between individual cognitive change in old age and survival is however still unclear. Several issues need to be clarified. In the present study we investigated if the association between individual cognitive change and survival is mediated by differences in gene characteristics such as APOE genotype. Participants were 498 individuals aged 80+ from the longitudinal Swedish OCTOTwin study, tested at five measurement occasions. Inter-individual differences in intra-individual change were analysed using multilevel modelling (MLM) which provides both overall growth estimates for the entire sample as well as individual and within-pair variation in growth. The results showed that APOE was significantly related to differential patterns of terminal decline in all tests measuring long-term memory (semantic and episodic memory). There were non significant similar trends in almost all other tests. APOE ε4 genotype carriers had a steeper survival related decline than the other genotype carriers. The results indicate that APOE is not just the most important biological marker for developing Alzheimer’s disease. It plays, in a for dementia controlled sample, a significant role for survival related differences in cognitive change.
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| 16. |
- Vesting, Sabine, et al.
(author)
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Can Clinical Postpartum Muscle Assessment Help Predict the Severity of Postpartum Pelvic Girdle Pain?-A Prospective Cohort Study.
- 2022
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In: Physical Therapy. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0031-9023 .- 1538-6724. ; 103:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the clinical assessment of pelvic floor muscles and the diastasis recti abdominis could predict the severity of pelvic girdle pain during the first year postpartum. Methods. Between 2018 and 2020, 504 women were recruited to this prospective longitudinal cohort study. At 2 to 3 months postpartum, their pelvic floor muscles and diastasis recti abdominis were assessed using vaginal palpation, observation, and caliper measurement. The participants completed the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) at 2 to 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum. Mixed-effect models were used to determine how the results of pelvic floor muscle and diastasis recti abdominis assessments predicted the PGQ score. A sub-analysis for middle to high PGQ scores was conducted.Results. Maximal voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions > 3 (Modified Oxford Scale, scored from 0 to 5) predicted a decreased PGQ score (beta = -3.13 [95% CI = -5.77 to -0.48]) at 2 to 3 months postpartum, with a higher prediction of a middle to high PGQ score (beta = -6.39). Diastasis recti abdominis width did not have any significant correlation with the PGQ score. A sub-analysis showed that a diastasis recti abdominis width > 35 mm predicted an increased PGQ score (beta =5.38 [95% CI = 1.21 to 9.55]) in women with pelvic girdle pain.Conclusion. The distinction between weak and strong maximal voluntary pelvic floor muscle contractions is an important clinical assessment in women with postpartum pelvic girdle pain. The exact diastasis recti abdominis width, measured in millimeters, showed no clinical relevance. However, a diastasis recti abdominis width > 35 mm was associated with a higher PGQ score, and further research about this cutoff point in relation to pain is needed.Impact. This study highlights the importance of clinical assessment of pelvic floor muscles in patients with postpartum pelvic girdle pain. A better understanding of the role of this muscle group will enable more effective physical therapist treatment of pelvic girdle pain.
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| 17. |
- Zammit, A. R., et al.
(author)
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A Coordinated Multi-study Analysis of the Longitudinal Association Between Handgrip Strength and Cognitive Function in Older Adults
- 2021
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In: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1758-5368 .- 1079-5014. ; 76:2, s. 229-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: Handgrip strength, an indicator of overall muscle strength, has been found to be associated with slower rate of cognitive decline and decreased risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. However, evaluating the replicability of associations between aging-related changes in physical and cognitive functioning is challenging due to differences in study designs and analytical models. A multiple-study coordinated analysis approach was used to generate new longitudinal results based on comparable construct-level measurements and identical statistical models and to facilitate replication and research synthesis. METHODS: We performed coordinated analysis on 9 cohort studies affiliated with the Integrative Analysis of Longitudinal Studies of Aging and Dementia (IALSA) research network. Bivariate linear mixed models were used to examine associations among individual differences in baseline level, rate of change, and occasion-specific variation across grip strength and indicators of cognitive function, including mental status, processing speed, attention and working memory, perceptual reasoning, verbal ability, and learning and memory. Results were summarized using meta-analysis. RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates, we found an overall moderate association between change in grip strength and change in each cognitive domain for both males and females: Average correlation coefficient was 0.55 (95% CI = 0.44-0.56). We also found a high level of heterogeneity in this association across studies. DISCUSSION: Meta-analytic results from nine longitudinal studies showed consistently positive associations between linear rates of change in grip strength and changes in cognitive functioning. Future work will benefit from the examination of individual patterns of change to understand the heterogeneity in rates of aging and health-related changes across physical and cognitive biomarkers. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America 2019.
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