| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Beal, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Robust estimation of bacterial cell count from optical density
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Optical density (OD) is widely used to estimate the density of cells in liquid culture, but cannot be compared between instruments without a standardized calibration protocol and is challenging to relate to actual cell count. We address this with an interlaboratory study comparing three simple, low-cost, and highly accessible OD calibration protocols across 244 laboratories, applied to eight strains of constitutive GFP-expressing E. coli. Based on our results, we recommend calibrating OD to estimated cell count using serial dilution of silica microspheres, which produces highly precise calibration (95.5% of residuals <1.2-fold), is easily assessed for quality control, also assesses instrument effective linear range, and can be combined with fluorescence calibration to obtain units of Molecules of Equivalent Fluorescein (MEFL) per cell, allowing direct comparison and data fusion with flow cytometry measurements: in our study, fluorescence per cell measurements showed only a 1.07-fold mean difference between plate reader and flow cytometry data.
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| 3. |
- Albacete, Javier L., et al.
(författare)
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Predictions for p + Pb Collisions at sN N = √5 TeV : Comparison with Data
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Modern Physics E. - 0218-3013. ; 25:9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Predictions made in Albacete et al. [Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 22 (2013) 1330007] prior to the LHC p+Pb run at sNN = 5 TeV are compared to currently available data. Some predictions shown here have been updated by including the same experimental cuts as the data. Some additional predictions are also presented, especially for quarkonia, that were provided to the experiments before the data were made public but were too late for the original publication.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Bonechi, F., et al.
(författare)
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A bi-Hamiltonian system on the Grassmannian
- 2016
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Ingår i: Theoretical and mathematical physics. - 0040-5779 .- 1573-9333. ; 189:1, s. 1401-1410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Considering the recent result that the Poisson-Nijenhuis geometry corresponds to the quantization of the symplectic groupoid integrating a Poisson manifold, we discuss the Poisson-Nijenhuis structure on the Grassmannian defined by the compatible Kirillov-Kostant-Souriau and Bruhat-Poisson structures. The eigenvalues of the Nijenhuis tensor are Gelfand-Tsetlin variables, which, as was proved, are also in involution with respect to the Bruhat-Poisson structure. Moreover, we show that the Stiefel bundle on the Grassmannian admits a bi-Hamiltonian structure.
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| 6. |
- Bonechi, F., et al.
(författare)
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Complete integrability from Poisson-Nijenhuis structures on compact hermitian symmetric spaces
- 2018
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Ingår i: The Journal of Symplectic Geometry. - 1527-5256 .- 1540-2347. ; 16:5, s. 1167-1208
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Poisson-Nijenhuis (PN) structures have been proven to be relevant for the quantization of Poisson manifolds, through the notion of multiplicative integrable model on the symplectic groupoid. We study in this paper a class of PN structures defined by the compatible Bruhat-Poisson structure and KKS symplectic form on compact hermitian symmetric spaces. We determine the spectrum of the Nijenhuis tensor and prove complete integrability. In the case of Grassmannians, this leads to a bihamiltonian approach to Gelfand-Tsetlin variables. Our results provide a tool for the quantization of the Bruhat-Poisson structure on compact hermitian symmetric spaces.
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| 7. |
- Bonechi, F., et al.
(författare)
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Equivariant Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Geometry and Physics. - : ELSEVIER. - 0393-0440 .- 1879-1662. ; 154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study an equivariant extension of the Batalin-Vilkovisky formalism for quantizing gauge theories. Namely, we introduce a general framework to encompass failures of the quantum master equation, and we apply it to the natural equivariant extension of AKSZ solutions of the classical master equation (CME). As examples of the construction, we recover the equivariant extension of supersymmetric Yang-Mills in 2d and of Donaldson-Witten theory. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 8. |
- Bonechi, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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Generalised Kahler structure on CP2 and elliptic functions
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Geometric Mechanics (JGM). - : American Institute of Mathematical Sciences (AIMS). - 1941-4889 .- 1941-4897. ; 15:1, s. 188-223
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We construct a toric generalised Kahler structure on CP2 and show that the various structures such as the complex structure, metric etc are expressed in terms of certain elliptic functions. We also compute the generalised Kahler potential in terms of integrals of elliptic functions.
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| 9. |
- Bonechi, F., et al.
(författare)
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Nijenhuis tensor and invariant polynomials
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Geometry and Physics. - : Elsevier. - 0393-0440 .- 1879-1662. ; 180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We discuss the diagonalization problem of the Nijenhuis tensor in a class of Poisson-Nijenhuis structures defined on compact hermitian symmetric spaces. We study its action on the ring of invariant polynomials of a Thimm chain of subalgebras. The existence of phi- minimal representations defines a suitable basis of invariant polynomials that completely solves the diagonalization problem. We prove that such representations exist in the classical cases AIII, BDI, DIII and CI, and do not exist in the exceptional cases EIII and EVII. We discuss a second general construction that in these two cases computes partially the spectrum and hints at a different behavior with respect to the classical cases.(c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 10. |
- Bonechi, Francesco, et al.
(författare)
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Wilson Lines from Representations of NQ-Manifolds
- 2014
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Ingår i: International mathematics research notices. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1073-7928 .- 1687-0247. ; :9, s. 2440-2493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An NQ-manifold is a non-negatively graded supermanifold with a degree 1 homological vector field. The focus of this paper is to define the Wilson loops/lines in the context of NQ-manifolds and to study their properties. The Wilson loops/lines, which give the holonomy or parallel transport, are familiar objects in usual differential geometry, we analyze the subtleties in the generalization to the NQ-setting and we also sketch some possible applications of our construction.
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| 11. |
- Cattaneo, Alberto S., et al.
(författare)
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2D and 3D topological field theories for generalized complex geometry
- 2010
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Ingår i: Advances in Theoretical and Mathematical Physics. - 1095-0761 .- 1095-0753. ; 14:2, s. 695-725
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the Alexandrov-Kontsevich-Schwarz-Zaboronsky (AKSZ) prescription we construct 2D and 3D topological field theories associated to generalized complex manifolds. These models can be thought of as 2D and 3D generalizations of A-and B-models. Within the BV framework we show that the 3D model on a two-manifold cross an interval can be reduced to the 2D model.
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| 12. |
- Chen, Yuqing, et al.
(författare)
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Breaking solvation dominance of ethylene carbonate via molecular charge engineering enables lower temperature battery
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Nature. - 2041-1723. ; 14
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low temperatures severely impair the performance of lithium-ion batteries, which demand powerful electrolytes with wide liquidity ranges, facilitated ion diffusion, and lower desolvation energy. The keys lie in establishing mild interactions between Li+ and solvent molecules internally, which are hard to achieve in commercial ethylene-carbonate based electrolytes. Herein, we tailor the solvation structure with low-ε solvent-dominated coordination, and unlock ethylene-carbonate via electronegativity regulation of carbonyl oxygen. The modified electrolyte exhibits high ion conductivity (1.46 mS·cm−1) at −90 °C, and remains liquid at −110 °C. Consequently, 4.5 V graphite-based pouch cells achieve ~98% capacity over 200 cycles at −10 °C without lithium dendrite. These cells also retain ~60% of their room-temperature discharge capacity at −70 °C, and miraculously retain discharge functionality even at ~−100 °C after being fully charged at 25 °C. This strategy of disrupting solvation dominance of ethylene-carbonate through molecular charge engineering, opens new avenues for advanced electrolyte design.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Festuccia, Guido, et al.
(författare)
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N=2 supersymmetric gauge theory on connected sums of S2xS2
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; 03
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We construct 4D N = 2 theories on an infinite family of 4D toric manifolds with the topology of connected sums of S-2 x S-2. These theories are constructed through the dimensional reduction along a non -trivial U(1) -fiber of 5D theories on toric Sasaki Einstein manifolds. We discuss the conditions under which such reductions can be carried out and give a partial classification result of the resulting 4D manifolds. We calculate the partition functions of these 4D theories and they involve both instanton and anti-instanton contributions, thus generalizing Pestun's famous result on S-4.
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| 15. |
- Festuccia, Guido, et al.
(författare)
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Transversally elliptic complex and cohomological field theory
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Geometry and Physics. - : ELSEVIER. - 0393-0440 .- 1879-1662. ; 156, s. 103786-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work is a continuation of our previous paper arXiv: 1812.06473 where we have constructed N = 2 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on 4D manifolds with a Killing vector field with isolated fixed points. In this work we expand on the mathematical aspects of the theory, with a particular focus on its nature as a cohomological field theory. The well-known Donaldson-Witten theory is a twisted version of N = 2 SYM and can also be constructed using the Atiyah-Jeffrey construction (Atiyah and Jeffrey, 1990). This theory is concerned with the moduli space of anti-self-dual gauge connections, with a deformation theory controlled by an elliptic complex. More generally, supersymmetry requires considering configurations that look like either instantons or anti-instantons around fixed points, which we call flipping instantons. The flipping instantons of our 4D N = 2 theory are derived from the 5D contact instantons. The novelty is that their deformation theory is controlled by a transversally elliptic complex, which we demonstrate here. We repeat the Atiyah-Jeffrey construction in the equivariant setting and arrive at the Lagrangian (an equivariant Euler class in the relevant field space) that was also obtained from our previous work arXiv: 1812.06473. We show that the transversal ellipticity of the deformation complex is crucial for the non-degeneracy of the Lagrangian and the calculability of the theory. Our construction is valid on a large class of quasi toric 4 manifolds. (C) 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 16. |
- Festuccia, Guido, et al.
(författare)
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Twisting with a Flip (The Art of Pestunization)
- 2020
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Ingår i: Communications in Mathematical Physics. - : SPRINGER. - 0010-3616 .- 1432-0916. ; 377:1, s. 341-385
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We construct N=2supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on 4D manifolds with a Killing vector field with isolated fixed points. It turns out that for every fixed point one can allocate either instanton or anti-instanton contributions to the partition function, and that this is compatible with supersymmetry. The equivariant Donaldson-Witten theory is a special case of our construction. We present a unified treatment of Pestun's calculation on S4\ and equivariant Donaldson-Witten theory by generalizing the notion of self-duality on manifolds with a vector field. We conjecture the full partition function for a N=2 theory on any 4D manifold with a Killing vector. Using this new notion of self-duality to localize a supersymmetric theory is what we call "Pestunization".
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| 17. |
- He, Chunmei, et al.
(författare)
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PROSPECT-GPR : Exploring spectral associations among vegetation traits in wavelength selection for leaf mass per area and water contents
- 2023
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Ingår i: Science of Remote Sensing. - 2666-0172. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Leaf mass per area (LMA) and equivalent water thickness (EWT) are key indicators providing information on plant growth status and agricultural management, and their retrieval is commonly done through radiative transfer models (RTMs) such as the PROSPECT model. However, the PROSPECT model is frequently hampered by the ill-posed problem as a consequence of measurement and model uncertainties. Here, we propose a wavelength selection method to improve the inversion of EWT and LMA by integrating PROSPECT with a machine learning algorithm (Gaussian process regression (GPR); PROSPECT-GPR for short). The GPR model conducted sorting of wavelengths and the PROSPECT-D was used to determine the optimal number of characteristic wavelengths. The results demonstrated that the estimation of EWT (R2 = 0.80; RMSE = 0.0021) and LMA (R2 = 0.71; RMSE = 0.0021) using the proposed wavelengths and PROSPECT inversion all exhibited superior accuracy in comparison with those from previous studies. The efficacy of PROSPECT-GPR in exploring the spectral linkage among vegetation traits was demonstrated by selecting wavelengths associated with leaf structure parameter N and EWT (1368 nm) that turn out to contribute to the estimation of LMA. The findings lay a strong foundation for understanding the spectral linkage among vegetation traits, and the proposed wavelength selection method provides valuable insights for selecting informative spectral wavelengths for RTMs inversion and designing future remote sensors.
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| 18. |
- Hering, Alessa, et al.
(författare)
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Learn2Reg: comprehensive multi-task medical image registration challenge, dataset and evaluation in the era of deep learning
- 2023
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Ingår i: IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 0278-0062 .- 1558-254X. ; 42:3, s. 697-712
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Image registration is a fundamental medical image analysis task, and a wide variety of approaches have been proposed. However, only a few studies have comprehensively compared medical image registration approaches on a wide range of clinically relevant tasks. This limits the development of registration methods, the adoption of research advances into practice, and a fair benchmark across competing approaches. The Learn2Reg challenge addresses these limitations by providing a multi-task medical image registration data set for comprehensive characterisation of deformable registration algorithms. A continuous evaluation will be possible at https:// learn2reg.grand-challenge.org. Learn2Reg covers a wide range of anatomies (brain, abdomen, and thorax), modalities (ultrasound, CT, MR), availability of annotations, as well as intra- and inter-patient registration evaluation. We established an easily accessible framework for training and validation of 3D registration methods, which enabled the compilation of results of over 65 individual method submissions from more than 20 unique teams. We used a complementary set of metrics, including robustness, accuracy, plausibility, and runtime, enabling unique insight into the current state-of-the-art of medical image registration. This paper describes datasets, tasks, evaluation methods and results of the challenge, as well as results of further analysis of transferability to new datasets, the importance of label supervision, and resulting bias. While no single approach worked best across all tasks, many methodological aspects could be identified that push the performance of medical image registration to new state-of-the-art performance. Furthermore, we demystified the common belief that conventional registration methods have to be much slower than deep-learning-based methods.
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| 19. |
- Hu, Chang-Kang, et al.
(författare)
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Native Conditional iSWAP Operation with Superconducting Artificial Atoms
- 2023
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Ingår i: Physical Review Applied. - 2331-7019. ; 20:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Controlling the flow of quantum information is a fundamental task for quantum computers, which is unfeasible to realize on classical devices. Coherent devices, which can process quantum states are thus required to route the quantum states that encode information. In this paper we demonstrate experimentally the smallest quantum transistor with a superconducting quantum processor, which is composed of a collector qubit, an emitter qubit, and a coupler (transistor gate). The interaction strength between the collector and emitter qubits is controlled by the frequency and state of the coupler, effectively implementing a quantum switch. Through the coupler-state-dependent Heisenberg (inherent) interaction between the qubits, a single-step (native) conditional iSWAP operation can be applied. To this end, we find that it is useful to take into consideration the higher-energy level for achieving a native and high-fidelity transistor operation. By reconstructing the quantum process tomography, we obtain an operation fidelity of 92.36% when the transistor gate is open (iSWAP implementation) and 95.23% in the case of closed gate (identity gate implementation). The architecture has strong potential in quantum information processing applications with superconducting qubits.
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| 20. |
- Hu, Chang-Kang, et al.
(författare)
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Optimal charging of a superconducting quantum battery
- 2022
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Ingår i: Quantum Science and Technology. - : IOP Publishing. - 2058-9565. ; 7:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Quantum batteries are miniature energy storage devices and play a very important role in quantum thermodynamics. In recent years, quantum batteries have been extensively studied, but limited in theoretical level. Here we report the experimental realization of a quantum battery based on superconducting qutrit. Our model explores dark and bright states to achieve stable and powerful charging processes, respectively. Our scheme makes use of the quantum adiabatic brachistochrone, which allows us to speed up the battery ergotropy injection. Due to the inherent interaction of the system with its surrounding, the battery exhibits a self-discharge, which is shown to be described by a supercapacitor-like self-discharging mechanism. Our results paves the way for proposals of new superconducting circuits able to store extractable work for further usage.
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| 21. |
- Iakovidis, Nikolaos, et al.
(författare)
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7D supersymmetric Yang-Mills on hypertoric 3-Sasakian manifolds
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study 7D maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on 3-Sasakian manifolds. For manifolds whose hyper-Kähler cones are hypertoric we derive the perturbative part of the partition function. The answer involves a special function that counts integer lattice points in a rational convex polyhedral cone determined by hypertoric data. This also gives a more geometric structure to previous enumeration results of holomorphic functions in the literature. Based on physics intuition, we provide a factorisation result for such functions. The full proof of this factorisation using index calculations will be detailed in a forthcoming paper.
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| 22. |
- Källén, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The perturbative partition function of supersymmetric 5D Yang-Mills theory with matter on the five-sphere
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :8, s. 157-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on the construction by Hosomichi, Seong and Terashima we consider N = 1 supersymmetric 5D Yang-Mills theory with matter on a five-sphere with radius r. This theory can be thought of as a deformation of the theory in flat space with deformation parameter r and this deformation preserves 8 supercharges. We calculate the full perturbative partition function as a function of r/g(YM)(2), where g(YM) is the Yang-Mills coupling, and the answer is given in terms of a matrix model. We perform the calculation using localization techniques. We also argue that in the large N-limit of this deformed 5D Yang-Mills theory this matrix model provides the leading contribution to the partition function and the rest is exponentially suppressed.
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| 23. |
- Li, Guowei, et al.
(författare)
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Carbon-Tailored Semimetal MoP as an Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Electrocatalyst in Both Alkaline and Acid Media
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advanced Energy Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 1614-6832 .- 1614-6840. ; 8:24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The electrolysis processes such as hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) require high efficient catalysts with robust surface stability. A high conductivity is also necessary to speed up the charge transport between the catalyst and the electrolyte. Recently, the observation of exceedingly high conductivity in the topological semimetal MoP, has provided a model catalyst to investigate the correlation between the electrical transport and the electrocatalytic activity for the HER. Thus, MoP is encapsulated in a Mo, P codoped carbon layer (MoP@C). This composite material exhibits outstanding HER performance, with an extremely low overpotential of 49 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2) and a Tafel slope of 54 mV dec(-1) in an alkaline medium. In addition, electron transport analysis indicates that MoP exhibits high conductivity and mobility due to the existence of triple-point fermions and a complex Fermi surface. Furthermore, the presence of P-C and Mo-C bonds at the interface between the carbon layer and the MoP particles modulates the band structure of MoP@C and facilitates fast electron transfer, accumulation, and subsequent delocalization, which are in turn responsible for the excellent HER activity.
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| 24. |
- Li, Xing-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Comparative Study of Dayside Pulsating Auroras Induced by Ultralow-Frequency Waves
- 2023
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Ingår i: Universe. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1997. ; 9:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pulsating auroras are usually observed with ultralow-frequency (ULF) waves in the Pc 3-5 band (period 10-600 s). These auroras are thought to result from interactions between energetic electrons and chorus waves, but their relationship with ULF waves remains an open question. In this study, we investigated this question by conducting a comparative study on two ULF wave events with pulsating auroras observed near the magnetic footprints. Conjugate observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission and the Chinese Yellow River Station were used. In both events, lower-band chorus waves were observed, which were suggested to be connected with the auroral pulsations by wavelet analysis. The intensity of these waves oscillates at the period of the ULF waves, but the physics laid behind them differs by events. During the event of 22 January 2019, compressional ULF waves changed the threshold for the whistler anisotropy instability periodically, affecting the emission of chorus waves. In the event on 10 January 2016, poloidal ULF waves modulated the chorus wave generation by regulating electron temperature anisotropy through drift resonance. ULF waves in these events may originate from perturbations in the solar wind. We highlight the role of ULF waves in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling, which requires further study.
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| 25. |
- Li, Xing Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Ion Acceleration and Corresponding Bounce Echoes Induced by Electric Field Impulses: MMS Observations
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Geophysical Research - Space Physics. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 2169-9380 .- 2169-9402. ; 129:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dayside magnetosphere interactions are essential for energy and momentum transport between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigate a new phenomenon within this regime. Sudden enhancements of ion fluxes followed by repeating dropouts and recoveries were observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale on 5 November 2016, which is the very end of the recovery phase from a moderate geomagnetic storm. These repetitive flux variations display energy-dispersive characteristics with periods relevant to ion bounce motion, suggesting they are corresponding echoes. Alongside the flux variations, bipolar electric field impulses originating from external sources were detected. We traced the source region of the initial injection and found it is located near the spacecraft's position. To elucidate the underlying physics, a test-particle simulation is conducted. The results reveal that radial transport resulting from impulse-induced acceleration can give rise to these echoes. Observations demonstrate dayside magnetosphere interactions are more common than we previously considered, which warrants further research.
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| 26. |
- Li, Xing-Yu, et al.
(författare)
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ULF Wave-Induced Ion Pitch Angle Evolution in the Dayside Outer Magnetosphere
- 2022
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Ingår i: Geophysical Research Letters. - : American Geophysical Union (AGU). - 0094-8276 .- 1944-8007. ; 49:8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Drift-bounce resonance between ultralow frequency (ULF) waves and ions is essential for ion energization in the magnetosphere. Here, we present the first comprehensive study of drift-bounce resonance in the dayside outer magnetosphere, where off-equatorial magnetic field minima would strongly distort ions' bounce and drift motion. A generalized theory is proposed, in which the effects of off-equatorial minima, time-evolving fields and ion bounce motion are taken into account. In consequence of these effects, ion pitch angle distributions undergo dramatic changes. In the presence of off-equatorial minima, the time-of-flight effect of ion bounce motion forms latitude-dependent dispersions besides "paw-track shaped" structures, while evolving wave fields cause time-dependent phase shifts in "paw-tracks." All the predicted signatures have been confirmed by 5 years of Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft data and numerical simulations. These results allow us to better understand the interactions between ULF waves and thermal ion species in global magnetospheric dynamics.
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| 27. |
- Li, Yu-Xuan, et al.
(författare)
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Quantification of Cold-Ion Beams in a Magnetic Reconnection Jet
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 2296-987X. ; 8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cold (few eV) ions of ionospheric origin are widely observed in the lobe region of Earth's magnetotail and can enter the ion jet region after magnetic reconnection is triggered in the magnetotail. Here, we investigate a magnetotail crossing with cold ions in one tailward and two earthward ion jets observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) constellation of spacecraft. Cold ions co-existing with hot plasma-sheet ions form types of ion velocity distribution functions (VDFs) in the three jets. In one earthward jet, MMS observe cold-ion beams with large velocities parallel to the magnetic fields, and we perform quantitative analysis on the ion VDFs in this jet. The cold ions, together with the hot ions, are reconnection outflow ions and are a minor population in terms of number density inside this jet. The average bulk speed of the cold-ion beams is approximately 38% larger than that of the hot plasma-sheet ions. The cold-ion beams inside the explored jet are about one order of magnitude colder than the hot plasma-sheet ions. These cold-ion beams could be accelerated by the Hall electric field in the cold ion diffusion region and the shrinking magnetic field lines through the Fermi effect.
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| 28. |
- Lin, Yi-Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Phylogenetic placement, morphology and gill-associated bacteria of a new genus and species of deep-sea mussel (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolinae) from the South China Sea
- 2022
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Ingår i: Deep Sea Research Part I. - Amsterdam : Elsevier. - 0967-0637 .- 1879-0119. ; 190, s. 103894-103894
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mussels in the subfamily Bathymodiolinae are common inhabitants of deep-sea chemosynthetic habitats, but in many places their diversity remains unknown. Here we describe Nypamodiolus samadiae n. gen. et n. sp. (Mytilidae: Bathymodiolinae) based on samples collected from the Haima cold seep in the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analyses based on fragments of three mitochondrial (cox1, 16S rRNA and nad4) and three nuclear (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and histone H3) genes show that this new species belongs to a new genus, Nypamodiolus, which includes three named species (Myrina longissima Thiele and Jaeckel, 1931, Myrina simpsoni Marshall, 1900, Idasola japonica Habe, 1976) and a few undescribed species. Nypamodiolus n. gen. is characterized by small-sized, modioliform to fan-shaped shells with the umbones in a non-terminal position, and by robust anterior and posterior byssal retractor muscles arranged in roughly one plane. Most closely related to Nypamodiolus samadiae n. sp. is an undescribed species from the northern Papua New Guinea, to which it has a Kimura-2-parameter genetic distance of 11.8% for cox1. Sequencing the V3–V4 region of the microbial 16S rRNA gene reveals two dominant gill-associated bacteria in the new species, including one sulfur-oxidizing Gammaproteobacteria (relative abundance: 43.8–58.8%) and one unclassified Spirochaetes (relative abundance: 23.9–28.1%). Morphologically, N. samadiae n. sp. is similar to N. simpsoni, while can be distinguished by a larger maximum shell size (45.0 mm vs. 40.0 mm), larger length/height ratio (2.6–2.9 vs. 2.1–2.4), broader posterior end, slightly curved dorsal margin, and more anterior umbones.
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| 29. |
- Liu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Amphipathic Side Chain of a Conjugated Polymer Optimizes Dopant Location toward Efficient N-Type Organic Thermoelectrics
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Advanced Materials. - : WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH. - 0935-9648 .- 1521-4095. ; 33
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is no molecular strategy for selectively increasing the Seebeck coefficient without reducing the electrical conductivity for organic thermoelectrics. Here, it is reported that the use of amphipathic side chains in an n-type donor-acceptor copolymer can selectively increase the Seebeck coefficient and thus increase the power factor by a factor of approximate to 5. The amphipathic side chain contains an alkyl chain segment as a spacer between the polymer backbone and an ethylene glycol type chain segment. The use of this alkyl spacer does not only reduce the energetic disorder in the conjugated polymer film but can also properly control the dopant sites away from the backbone, which minimizes the adverse influence of counterions. As confirmed by kinetic Monte Carlo simulations with the host-dopant distance as the only variable, a reduced Coulombic interaction resulting from a larger host-dopant distance contributes to a higher Seebeck coefficient for a given electrical conductivity. Finally, an optimized power factor of 18 mu W m(-1) K-2 is achieved in the doped polymer film. This work provides a facile molecular strategy for selectively improving the Seebeck coefficient and opens up a new route for optimizing the dopant location toward realizing better n-type polymeric thermoelectrics.
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| 30. |
- Liu, Jian, 1985, et al.
(författare)
-
Emerging electronic applications of fullerene derivatives: an era beyond OPV
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Chemistry C. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2050-7534 .- 2050-7526. ; 9:45, s. 16143-16163
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Hummelen et al. for the first time reported the synthetic route and characterization of a soluble methanofullerene derivative in 1995. In the same year, such a fullerene derivative was successfully used as the acceptor of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions in the field of organic photovoltaics (OPV). Since then, it has opened an era of fullerene derivatives towards OPV application until 2015. Beyond OPV, several new research directions for solution-processable fullerene derivatives recently appeared, including perovskite solar cells, organic thermoelectrics, molecular electronics, and organic electrochemical transistors. This review highlights the important role of fullerene derivatives in these emerging research areas and summarizes the recent progress in the development of fullerene derivatives in these new research fields. These fields require fullerene derivatives with new properties, such as strong electron-donating ability, large polarity, or excellent water permeability. Therefore, new design strategies of fullerene derivatives and device engineering considerations are desired.
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| 31. |
- Luo, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of carbon pre-silicidation implant into Si substrate on NiSi
- 2014
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Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9317 .- 1873-5568. ; 120, s. 178-181
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this work, the effects of carbon pre-silicidation implant into Si(1 0 0) substrate on NiSi were investigated. NiSi films with carbon pre-silicidation implant to different doses were characterized by means of sheet resistance measurements, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), planar view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and second ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). The presence of C is found to indeed significantly improve the thermal stability of NiSi as well as tends to change the preferred orientations of polycrystalline NiSi. The homogeneously distributed C at NiSi grain boundaries and C peak at NiSi/Si interface is ascribed to the improved thermal stability of NiSi. More importantly, the dose of carbon pre-silicidation implant also plays a key role in the formation of NiSi, which is suggested not to exceed a critical value about 5 x 10(15) cm(-2) in practical application in accordance with the results achieved in this work. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Luo, Jun, et al.
(författare)
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Variation of Schottky barrier height induced by dopant segregation monitored by contact resistivity measurements
- 2014
-
Ingår i: Microelectronic Engineering. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-9317 .- 1873-5568. ; 120, s. 174-177
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Change of contact resistivity (rho(c)) is monitored for evaluation of Schottky barrier height (SBH) variation induced by dopant segregation (DS). This method is particularly advantageous for metal-semiconductor contacts of small SBH, as it neither requires low-temperature measurement needed in current-voltage characterization of Schottky diodes nor is affected by reverse leakage current often troubling capacitance-voltage characterization. With PtSi contact to both n- and p-type diffusion regions, and the use of opposite or alike dopants implant into pre-formed PtSi films followed by drive-in anneal at different temperatures to induce DS at PtSi/Si interface, the formation of interfacial dipole is confirmed as the responsible cause for modification of effective SBHs thus the increase or decrease of rho(c). A tentative explanation for the change of contact resistivity based on interfacial dipole theory is provided in this work. Influences and interplay of interfacial dipole and space charge on effective SBH are also discussed. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 35. |
- Ma, Tao, et al.
(författare)
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Genomic insights into salt adaptation in a desert poplar
- 2013
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Ingår i: Nature Communications. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2041-1723. ; 4, s. 2797-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Despite the high economic and ecological importance of forests, our knowledge of the genomic evolution of trees under salt stress remains very limited. Here we report the genome sequence of the desert poplar, Populus euphratica, which exhibits high tolerance to salt stress. Its genome is very similar and collinear to that of the closely related mesophytic congener, P. trichocarpa. However, we find that several gene families likely to be involved in tolerance to salt stress contain significantly more gene copies within the P. euphratica lineage. Furthermore, genes showing evidence of positive selection are significantly enriched in functional categories related to salt stress. Some of these genes, and others within the same categories, are significantly upregulated under salt stress relative to their expression in another salt-sensitive poplar. Our results provide an important background for understanding tree adaptation to salt stress and facilitating the genetic improvement of cultivated poplars for saline soils.
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| 36. |
- Maddali, Manoj V., et al.
(författare)
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Validation and utility of ARDS subphenotypes identified by machine-learning models using clinical data : an observational, multicohort, retrospective analysis
- 2022
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Ingår i: The Lancet Respiratory Medicine. - 2213-2600. ; 10:4, s. 367-377
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Two acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) subphenotypes (hyperinflammatory and hypoinflammatory) with distinct clinical and biological features and differential treatment responses have been identified using latent class analysis (LCA) in seven individual cohorts. To facilitate bedside identification of subphenotypes, clinical classifier models using readily available clinical variables have been described in four randomised controlled trials. We aimed to assess the performance of these models in observational cohorts of ARDS. Methods: In this observational, multicohort, retrospective study, we validated two machine-learning clinical classifier models for assigning ARDS subphenotypes in two observational cohorts of patients with ARDS: Early Assessment of Renal and Lung Injury (EARLI; n=335) and Validating Acute Lung Injury Markers for Diagnosis (VALID; n=452), with LCA-derived subphenotypes as the gold standard. The primary model comprised only vital signs and laboratory variables, and the secondary model comprised all predictors in the primary model, with the addition of ventilatory variables and demographics. Model performance was assessed by calculating the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration plots, and assigning subphenotypes using a probability cutoff value of 0·5 to determine sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the assignments. We also assessed the performance of the primary model in EARLI using data automatically extracted from an electronic health record (EHR; EHR-derived EARLI cohort). In Large Observational Study to Understand the Global Impact of Severe Acute Respiratory Failure (LUNG SAFE; n=2813), a multinational, observational ARDS cohort, we applied a custom classifier model (with fewer variables than the primary model) to determine the prognostic value of the subphenotypes and tested their interaction with the positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) strategy, with 90-day mortality as the dependent variable. Findings: The primary clinical classifier model had an area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0·92 (95% CI 0·90–0·95) in EARLI and 0·88 (0·84–0·91) in VALID. Performance of the primary model was similar when using exclusively EHR-derived predictors compared with manually curated predictors (AUC=0·88 [95% CI 0·81–0·94] vs 0·92 [0·88–0·97]). In LUNG SAFE, 90-day mortality was higher in patients assigned the hyperinflammatory subphenotype than in those with the hypoinflammatory phenotype (414 [57%] of 725 vs 694 [33%] of 2088; p<0·0001). There was a significant treatment interaction with PEEP strategy and ARDS subphenotype (p=0·041), with lower 90-day mortality in the high PEEP group of patients with the hyperinflammatory subphenotype (hyperinflammatory subphenotype: 169 [54%] of 313 patients in the high PEEP group vs 127 [62%] of 205 patients in the low PEEP group; hypoinflammatory subphenotype: 231 [34%] of 675 patients in the high PEEP group vs 233 [32%] of 734 patients in the low PEEP group). Interpretation: Classifier models using clinical variables alone can accurately assign ARDS subphenotypes in observational cohorts. Application of these models can provide valuable prognostic information and could inform management strategies for personalised treatment, including application of PEEP, once prospectively validated. Funding: US National Institutes of Health and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine.
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| 37. |
- Pang, Kanglei, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Redirecting configuration of atomically dispersed selenium catalytic sites for efficient hydrazine oxidation
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Matter. - 2590-2393 .- 2590-2385. ; 7:2, s. 655-667
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding the reconstruction of surface sites is crucial for gaining insights into the true active sites and catalytic mechanisms. While extensive research has been conducted on reconstruction behaviors of atomically dispersed metallic catalytic sites, limited attention has been paid to non-metallic ones despite their potential catalytic activity comparable or even superior to their noble-metal counterpart. Herein, we report a carbonaceous, atomically dispersed non-metallic selenium catalyst that displayed exceptional catalytic activity in the hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) in alkaline media, outperforming the noble-metal Pt catalysts. In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that the pristine SeC4 site pre-adsorbs an ∗OH ligand, followed by HzOR occurring on the other side of the OH–SeC4. Theoretical calculations proposed that the pre-adsorbed ∗OH group pulls electrons from the Se site, resulting in a more positively charged Se and a higher polarity of Se–C bonds, thereby enhancing surface reactivity toward HzO/R.
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| 38. |
- Pestun, Vasily, et al.
(författare)
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Localization techniques in quantum field theories
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of Physics A. - : IOP PUBLISHING LTD. - 1751-8113 .- 1751-8121. ; 50:44
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is the foreword to the special issue on localization techniques in quantum field theory. The summary of individual chapters is given and their interrelation is discussed.
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| 39. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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5D Super Yang-Mills on Y-p,Y-q Sasaki-Einstein Manifolds
- 2015
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Ingår i: Communications in Mathematical Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0010-3616 .- 1432-0916. ; 333:2, s. 861-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On any simply connected Sasaki-Einstein five dimensional manifold one can construct a super Yang-Mills theory which preserves at least two supersymmetries. We study the special case of toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds known as Y-p,Y-q manifolds. We use the localisation technique to compute the full perturbative part of the partition function. The full equivariant result is expressed in terms of a certain special function which appears to be a curious generalisation of the triple sine function. As an application of our general result we study the large N behaviour for the case of single hypermultiplet in adjoint representation and we derive the N-3-behaviour in this case.
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| 40. |
- Qiu, Jian
(författare)
-
Dimensional Regularization and Dimensional Reduction in the Light Cone
- 2008
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 77:125032
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We calculate all the 2 to 2 scattering process in Yang-Mills theory in the Light Cone gauge, with the dimensional regulator as the UV regulator. The IR is regulated with a cutoff in q+" role="presentation" style="display: inline; line-height: normal; font-size: 13.6px; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal; white-space: nowrap; float: none; direction: ltr; max-width: none; max-height: none; min-width: 0px; min-height: 0px; border: 0px; padding: 0px; margin: 0px; position: relative;">q+q+. It supplements our earlier work, where a Lorentz non-covariant regulator was used and the final results bear some problems in gauge fixing. Supersymmetry relations among various amplitudes are checked using the light cone superfields.
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| 41. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Factorization of 5D super Yang-Mills theory on Y-p,Y-q spaces
- 2014
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Ingår i: Physical Review D. - 1550-7998 .- 1550-2368. ; 89:6, s. 065040-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We continue our study on the partition function for 5D supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on toric Sasaki-Einstein Y(p,)q manifolds. Previously, using the localization technique, we have computed the perturbative part of the partition function. In this work we show how the perturbative part factorizes into four pieces, each corresponding to the perturbative answer of the same theory on R-4 x S-1. This allows us to identify the equivariant parameters and to conjecture the full partition functions (including the instanton contributions) for Y-p,Y-q spaces. The conjectured partition function receives contributions only from singular contact instantons supported along the closed Reeb orbits. At the moment we are not able to prove this fact from the first principles.
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| 42. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Gluing Nekrasov partition functions
- 2015
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Ingår i: Communications in Mathematical Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0010-3616 .- 1432-0916. ; 337:2, s. 785-816
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we summarise the localisation calculation of 5D superYang-Mills on simply connected toric Sasaki-Einstein (SE) manifolds. We showhow various aspects of the computation, including the equivariant index, theasymptotic behaviour and the factorisation property are governed by thecombinatorial data of the toric geometry. We prove that the full perturbativepartition function on a simply connected SE manifold corresponding to an n-gontoric diagram factorises to n copies of perturbative Nekrasov partitionfunction. This leads us to conjecture the full partition function as gluing ncopies of full Nekrasov partition function. This work is a generalisation ofsome earlier computation carried out on $Y^{p,q}$ manifolds, whose moment mapcone has a quadrangle and our result is valid for manifolds whose moment mapcones have pentagon base, hexagon base, etc. The algorithm we used for dealingwith general cones may also be of independent interest.
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| 43. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
-
Introduction to Graded Geometry, Batalin-Vilkovisky Formalism and their Applications
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Archivum Mathematicum. - 0044-8753 .- 1212-5059. ; 47:5, s. 143-199
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- These notes are intended to provide a self-contained introduction to the basic ideas of finite dimensional Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism and its applications. A brief exposition of super- and graded geometries is also given. The BV-formalism is introduced through an odd Fourier transform and the algebraic aspects of integration theory are stressed. As a main application we consider the perturbation theory for certain finite dimensional integrals within BV-formalism. As an illustration we present a proof of the isomorphism between the graph complex and the Chevalley-Eilenberg complex of formal Hamiltonian vectors fields. We briefly discuss how these ideas can be extended to the infinite dimensional setting. These notes should be accessible to both physicists and mathematicians.
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| 44. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
-
Knot invariants and new weight systems from general 3D TFTs
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Geometry and Physics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0393-0440 .- 1879-1662. ; 62:2, s. 242-271
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We introduce and study the Wilson loops in general 3D topological field theories (TFTs), and show that the expectation value of Wilson loops also gives knot invariants as in the Chern-Simons theory. We study the TFTs within the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) and the Alexandrov-Kontsevich-Schwarz-Zaboronsky (AKSZ) framework, and the Ward identities of these theories imply that the expectation value of the Wilson loop is a pairing of two dual constructions of (co)cycles of certain extended graph complex (extended from Kontsevich's graph complex to accommodate the Wilson loop). We also prove that there is an isomorphism between the same complex and certain extended Chevalley-Eilenberg complex of Hamiltonian vector fields. This isomorphism allows us to generalize the Lie algebra weight system for knots to weight systems associated with any homological vector field and its representations. As an example we construct knot invariants using holomorphic vector bundle over hyperKahler manifolds.
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| 45. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
-
Knot Weight Systems from Graded Symplectic Geometry
- 2011
-
Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We show that from an even degree symplectic NQ-manifold, whose homological vector field Q preserves the symplectic form, one can construct a weight system for tri-valent graphs with values in the Q-cohomology ring, satisfying the IHX relation. Likewise, given a representation of the homological vector field, one can construct a weight system for the chord diagrams, satisfying the IHX and STU relations. Moreover we show that the use of the 'Gronthendieck connection' in the construction is essential in making the weight system dependent only on the choice of the NQ-manifold and its representation.
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| 46. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
-
Modular properties of full 5D SYM partition function
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; 16:03
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We study properties of the full partition function for the U(1) 5D N=2∗ gauge theory with adjoint hypermultiplet of mass M. This theory is ultimately related to abelian 6D (2,0) theory. We construct the full non-perturbative partition function on toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds by gluing flat copies of the Nekrasov partition function and we express the full partition function in terms of the generalized double elliptic gamma function GC2 associated with a certain moment map cone C. The answer exhibits a curious SL(4,ℤ) modular property. Finally, we propose a set of rules to construct the partition function that resembles the calculation of 5D supersymmetric partition function with the insertion of defects of various co-dimensions.
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| 47. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
-
Odd Chern-Simons Theory, Lie Algebra Cohomology and Characteristic Classes
- 2010
-
Ingår i: Communications in Mathematical Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0010-3616 .- 1432-0916. ; 300:3, s. 789-833
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the generic 3D topological field theory within the AKSZ-BV framework. We use the Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism to construct explicitly cocycles of the Lie algebra of formal Hamiltonian vector fields and we argue that the perturbative partition function gives rise to secondary characteristic classes. We investigate a toy model which is an odd analogue of Chern-Simons theory, and we give some explicit computation of two point functions and show that its perturbation theory is identical to the Chern-Simons theory. We give a concrete example of the homomorphism taking Lie algebra cocycles to Q-characteristic classes, and we reinterpret the Rozansky-Witten model in this light.
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| 48. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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On the AKSZ formulation of the Rozansky-Witten theory and beyond
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of High Energy Physics (JHEP). - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1126-6708 .- 1029-8479. ; :9, s. 024-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Using the AKSZ formalism, we construct the Batalin-Vilkovisky master action for the Rozansky-Witten model, which can be defined for any complex manifold with a closed (2,0)-form. We also construct the holomorphic version of Rozansky-Witten theory defined over Calabi-Yau 3-fold.
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| 49. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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On twisted N=2 5D super Yang-Mills theory
- 2016
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Ingår i: Letters in Mathematical Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0377-9017 .- 1573-0530. ; 106:1, s. 1-27
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- On a five dimensional simply connected Sasaki-Einstein manifold, one can construct Yang-Mills theories coupled to matter with at least two supersymmetries. The partition function of these theories localises on the contact instantons, however the contact instanton equations are not elliptic. It turns out that these equations can be embedded into the Haydys-Witten equations (which are elliptic) in the same way the 4D anti-self-dual instanton equations are embedded in the Vafa-Witten equations. We show that under some favourable circumstances, the latter equations will reduce to the former by proving some vanishing theorems. It was also known that the Haydys-Witten equations on product manifolds M5=M4×R arise in the context of twisting the 5D maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. In this paper, we present the construction of twisted N=2 Yang-Mills theory on Sasaki-Einstein manifolds, and more generally on K-contact manifolds. The localisation locus of this new theory thus provides a covariant version of the Haydys-Witten equation.
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| 50. |
- Qiu, Jian, et al.
(författare)
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Review of localization for 5d supersymmetric gauge theories
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Journal of Physics A. - : IOP Publishing. - 1751-8113 .- 1751-8121. ; 50:44
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- We give a pedagogical review of the localisation of supersymmetric gauge theories on 5d toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds. We construct certain cohomological complex from the supersymmetry complex and consider its natural toric deformations with all equivariant parameters turned on. We also give detailed discussion on how the Sasaki-Einstein geometry manifests itself in every aspect of the calculation, from Killing spinor, vanishing theorems to the index theorems.
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