| 1. |
- Mercati, O, et al.
(författare)
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CNTN6 mutations are risk factors for abnormal auditory sensory perception in autism spectrum disorders.
- 2017
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Ingår i: Molecular psychiatry. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5578 .- 1359-4184. ; 22, s. 625-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Contactin genes CNTN5 and CNTN6 code for neuronal cell adhesion molecules that promote neurite outgrowth in sensory-motor neuronal pathways. Mutations of CNTN5 and CNTN6 have previously been reported in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but very little is known on their prevalence and clinical impact. In this study, we identified CNTN5 and CNTN6 deleterious variants in individuals with ASD. Among the carriers, a girl with ASD and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder was carrying five copies of CNTN5. For CNTN6, both deletions (6/1534 ASD vs 1/8936 controls; P=0.00006) and private coding sequence variants (18/501 ASD vs 535/33480 controls; P=0.0005) were enriched in individuals with ASD. Among the rare CNTN6 variants, two deletions were transmitted by fathers diagnosed with ASD, one stop mutation CNTN6(W923X) was transmitted by a mother to her two sons with ASD and one variant CNTN6(P770L) was found de novo in a boy with ASD. Clinical investigations of the patients carrying CNTN5 or CNTN6 variants showed that they were hypersensitive to sounds (a condition called hyperacusis) and displayed changes in wave latency within the auditory pathway. These results reinforce the hypothesis of abnormal neuronal connectivity in the pathophysiology of ASD and shed new light on the genes that increase risk for abnormal sensory perception in ASD.Molecular Psychiatry advance online publication, 10 May 2016; doi:10.1038/mp.2016.61.
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| 2. |
- Hosie, S., et al.
(författare)
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Gastrointestinal dysfunction in patients and mice expressing the autism-associated R451C mutation in neuroligin-3
- 2019
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Ingår i: Autism Research. - : Wiley. - 1939-3792 .- 1939-3806. ; 12:7, s. 1043-1056
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gastrointestinal (GI) problems constitute an important comorbidity in many patients with autism. Multiple mutations in the neuroligin family of synaptic adhesion molecules are implicated in autism, however whether they are expressed and impact GI function via changes in the enteric nervous system is unknown. We report the GI symptoms of two brothers with autism and an R451C mutation in Nlgn3 encoding the synaptic adhesion protein, neuroligin-3. We confirm the presence of an array of synaptic genes in the murine GI tract and investigate the impact of impaired synaptic protein expression in mice carrying the human neuroligin-3 R451C missense mutation (NL3(R451C)). Assessing in vivo gut dysfunction, we report faster small intestinal transit in NL3(R451C) compared to wild-type mice. Using an ex vivo colonic motility assay, we show increased sensitivity to GABA(A) receptor modulation in NL3(R451C) mice, a well-established Central Nervous System (CNS) feature associated with this mutation. We further show increased numbers of small intestine myenteric neurons in NL3(R451C) mice. Although we observed altered sensitivity to GABA(A) receptor modulators in the colon, there was no change in colonic neuronal numbers including the number of GABA-immunoreactive myenteric neurons. We further identified altered fecal microbial communities in NL3(R451C) mice. These results suggest that the R451C mutation affects small intestinal and colonic function and alter neuronal numbers in the small intestine as well as impact fecal microbes. Our findings identify a novel GI phenotype associated with the R451C mutation and highlight NL3(R451C) mice as a useful preclinical model of GI dysfunction in autism. Autism Res 2019, 12: 1043-1056. (c) 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary People with autism commonly experience gastrointestinal problems, however the cause is unknown. We report gut symptoms in patients with the autism-associated R451C mutation encoding the neuroligin-3 protein. We show that many of the genes implicated in autism are expressed in mouse gut. The neuroligin-3 R451C mutation alters the enteric nervous system, causes gastrointestinal dysfunction, and disrupts gut microbe populations in mice. Gut dysfunction in autism could be due to mutations that affect neuronal communication.
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| 3. |
- Jamain, Stephane, et al.
(författare)
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Mutations of the X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 are associated with autism
- 2003
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Ingår i: Nature Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1546-1718 .- 1061-4036. ; 34:1, s. 27-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Many studies have supported a genetic etiology for autism. Here we report mutations in two X-linked genes encoding neuroligins NLGN3 and NLGN4 in siblings with autism-spectrum disorders. These mutations affect cell-adhesion molecules localized at the synapse and suggest that a defect of synaptogenesis may predispose to autism.
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| 4. |
- Luepker, Russell V., et al.
(författare)
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Community education for cardiovascular disease prevention. Morbidity and mortality results from the Minnesota Heart Health Program
- 1996
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Ingår i: American Journal of Epidemiology. - 0002-9262. ; 144:4, s. 351-362
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Minnesota Heart Health Program was a community trial of cardiovascular disease prevention methods that was conducted from 1980 to 1990 in three Upper Midwestern communities with three matched comparison communities. A 5- to 6-year intervention program used community-wide and individual health education in an attempt to decrease population risk. A major hypothesis was that the incidence of validated fatal and nonfatal coronary heart disease and stroke in 30- to 74-year-old men and women would decline differentially in the education communities after the health promotion program was introduced. This hypothesis was investigated using mixed-model regression. The intervention effect was modeled as a series of annual departures from a linear secular trend after a 2-year lag from the start of the intervention program. In the education communities, 2,394 cases of coronary heart disease and 818 cases of stroke occurred, with 2,526 and 739 cases, respectively, being seen in the comparison communities. The overall decline in coronary heart disease incidence was 1.8 percent per year in men (p = 0.03) and 3.6 percent per year in women (p = 0.007). For stroke, there were no significant secular trends. The authors recently published findings showing minimal effects of sustained intervention on risk factor levels. In the current report, there was no evidence of a significant intervention effect on morbidity or mortality, either for coronary heart disease or for stroke.
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| 5. |
- Lantz, Elin L., et al.
(författare)
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Premorbid BMI predicts binge-purge symptomatology among individuals with anorexia nervosa
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - : Wiley. - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 50:7, s. 852-855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: A finding consistent with the transdiagnostic approach to eating disorders is that about half of those with restricting anorexia nervosa (AN) eventually undergo a transition to the binge/purge (BP) subtype or to bulimia nervosa. Given evidence that individuals with bulimic symptoms exhibit elevated weights premorbidly, we tested the hypothesis that among those with AN, highest premorbid BMI would predict which individuals with AN would develop AN-BP. Method: The current study used longitudinal data from a community sample of adolescents with AN in Sweden. Premorbid weights were obtained from growth charts, and participants were re-assessed at 6, 10, and 18 years after first presentation with AN. Results: A greater highest premorbid BMI z score predicted a greater likelihood of developing binge/purge symptoms over 18 years. Discussion: Among individuals who develop an eating disorder, premorbid BMI may be implicated in the type and course of the eating disorder that emerges.
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| 6. |
- Lindberg, G., et al.
(författare)
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Serum lipids and mood in working men and women in Sweden
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. - : BMJ. - 0143-005X .- 1470-2738. ; 48, s. 360-363
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- STUDY OBJECTIVE--To explore the link between serum cholesterol and suicide by investigating the relation between serum lipids and depressive symptoms. DESIGN--This was a cross sectional study of the relation between serum cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides on the one hand and depressive symptoms as expressed in a questionnaire on the other. SETTING--An organisational development programme in industry with assistance from occupational health care. PARTICIPANTS--A total of 644 male and 261 female employees (mainly white-collar workers) participated. MAIN RESULTS--Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol values were lower in those men who, sometimes, often, or very often, had experienced low mood or glumness during the past month compared with those who had not. Serum triglyceride concentrations did not differ between the groups. In women, however, the serum triglyceride value, but not the total cholesterol or LDL cholesterol, was lower in those who reported low mood, depression, or anxiety during the past six months. CONCLUSIONS--Decreasing appetite as a consequence of depression in men would probably lead to both decreasing cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. Thus, these data indicate the presence of some other explanation for the relation between the level of LDL cholesterol and depressive symptoms in men.
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lindberg, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Serum sialic acid and sialoglycoproteins in asymptomatic carotid artery atherosclerosis. ARIC Investigators. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities
- 1999
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Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - 1879-1484. ; 146:1, s. 65-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Serum total sialic acid (S-TSA) is a recently identified risk marker for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of three sialic acid rich glycoproteins (orosomucoid, haptoglobin, and alpha1-antitrypsin) on the relationship between S-TSA and carotid atherosclerosis. The mean S-TSA was 0.045 g/l higher among cases than controls (P<0.001) in 310 45-64 year-old male and female pairs of carotid atherosclerosis cases and disease-free controls from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Also mean serum levels of the glycoproteins were significantly higher in cases compared to controls. In a conditional multiple logistic regression model with the glycoproteins as independent variables, orosomucoid was correlated most strongly with case control status. However, when incorporated into the mathematical model, S-TSA not only contributed additional information as to the risk of atherosclerosis; none of the three glycoproteins contributed further once S-TSA had been accounted for. Thus, some other source of serum sialic acid or variations in the degree of sialylation of glycoproteins may be essential for understanding the relation between S-TSA and atherosclerosis.
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| 9. |
- Lindeberg, S, et al.
(författare)
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Serum uric acid in traditional Pacific Islanders and in Swedes.
- 2004
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 1365-2796 .- 0954-6820. ; 255:3, s. 373-378
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. In some western populations, increased serum uric acid has been positively associated with cardiovascular disease, possibly because hyperuricaemia could be an untoward part of the insulin-resistant metabolic syndrome. However, there is evidence that uric acid is a free radical scavenger capable of inhibiting LDL oxidation. Amongst the traditional horticulturalists of Kitava, Trobriand Islands, Papua New Guinea, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, hyperinsulinaemia and abdominal obesity are absent or rare. In contrast, serum triglycerides are similar to Swedish levels. Objective. To compare serum uric acid between nonwesternized and westernized populations. Methods. Fasting levels of serum uric acid were measured cross-sectionally in 171 Kitavans aged 20-86 years and in 244 randomly selected Swedish subjects aged 20-80 years. Results. There were small differences in serum uric acid between the two populations, although a slight increase with age was found only in Swedish males (r = 0.20; P = 0.03) and females (r = 0.36; P < 0.0001). Above 40 years of age, uric acid was approximately 10% lower in Kitavans, a difference which was statistically significant only in males, possibly because of the limited number of females. Regarding hyperuricaemia, two Kitavan males had uric acid above 450 mumol L-1 whilst none of the females was above 340 mumol L-1. Amongst the Swedish subjects, five of 117 males and 19 of 127 females had hyperuricaemia according to these definitions. Conclusion. The rather similar uric acid levels between Kitava and Sweden imply that uric acid is of minor importance to explain the apparent absence of cardiovascular disease in Kitava.
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| 10. |
- Littorin, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing body mass index at diagnosis of diabetes in young adult people during 1983-1999 in the Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden (DISS)
- 2003
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - : Wiley. - 0954-6820 .- 1365-2796. ; 254:3, s. 251-256
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To study trends in body mass index (BMI) at diagnosis of diabetes in all young Swedish adults in the age range of 15-34 years registered in a nation-based registry. Design. The BMI was assessed at diagnosis in diabetic patients 15-34 years of age at diagnosis, for a period of 17 years (1983-1999). Islet cell antibodies (ICA) were measured during three periods (1987-1988, 1992-1993 and 1998-1999). Setting. A nationwide study (Diabetes Incidence Study in Sweden). Subjects. A total of 4727 type 1 and 1083 type 2 diabetic patients. Main outcome measures. Incidence-year specific BMI adjusted for age, gender and time of diagnosis (month). Results. Body mass index at diagnosis increased significantly both in type 1 (21.4 ▒ 3.6 to 22.5 ▒ 4.0: P < 0.0001) and in type 2 (27.4 ▒ 6.8 to 32.0 ▒ 6.0, P < 0.0001) diabetic patients, also when adjusted for age, gender and month of diagnosis. A similar significant increase in BMI was found in type 1 diabetic patients and in type 2 diabetic patients in the periods 1987-1988, 1992-1993 and 1998-1999, years when ICA were assessed and considered in the classification of diabetes. Despite this increase in BMI, there was no increase in the incidence of diabetes in young-adult people in Sweden. Conclusion. Body mass index at diagnosis of diabetes in subjects 15-34 years of age has substantially increased during 1983-1999 in Sweden when adjusted for age, gender and month of diagnosis.
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| 11. |
- Magnusson, Patrik K. E., et al.
(författare)
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The Swedish Twin Registry : establishment of a biobank and other recent developments
- 2013
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - Cambridge, United Kingdom : Cambridge University Press. - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 16:1, s. 317-329
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Twin Registry (STR) today contains more than 194,000 twins and more than 75,000 pairs have zygosity determined by an intra-pair similarity algorithm, DNA, or by being of opposite sex. Of these, approximately 20,000, 25,000, and 30,000 pairs are monozygotic, same-sex dizygotic, and opposite-sex dizygotic pairs, respectively. Since its establishment in the late 1950s, the STR has been an important epidemiological resource for the study of genetic and environmental influences on a multitude of traits, behaviors, and diseases. Following large investments in the collection of biological specimens in the past 10 years we have now established a Swedish twin biobank with DNA from 45,000 twins and blood serum from 15,000 twins, which effectively has also transformed the registry into a powerful resource for molecular studies. We here describe the main projects within which the new collections of both biological samples as well as phenotypic measures have been collected. Coverage by year of birth, zygosity determination, ethnic heterogeneity, and influences of in vitro fertilization are also described.
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| 12. |
- Odeberg, Jacob, et al.
(författare)
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Influence of pre-existing inflammation on the outcome of acute coronary syndrome: a cross-sectional study
- 2016
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Ingår i: Bmj Open. - : BMJ. - 2044-6055. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: Inflammation is a well-established risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, less is known about its influence on the outcome of ACS. The aim of this study was to determine if blood biomarkers of inflammation were associated specifically with acute myocardial infarction (MI) or unstable angina (UA) in patients with ACS. Setting: Patients admitted to the coronary care unit, via the emergency room, at a central county hospital over a 4-year period (1992-1996). Participants: In a substudy of Carlscrona Heart Attack Prognosis Study (CHAPS) of 5292 patients admitted to the coronary care unit, we identified 908 patients aged 30-74 years, who at discharge had received the diagnosis of either MI (527) or UA (381). Main outcome measures: MI or UA, based on the diagnosis set at discharge from hospital. Results: When adjusted for smoking, age, sex and duration of chest pain, concentrations of plasma biomarkers of inflammation (high-sensitivity C reactive protein >2 mg/L (OR=1.40 (1.00 to 1.96) and fibrinogen (p for trend=0.035)) analysed at admission were found to be associated with MI over UA, in an event of ACS. A strong significant association with MI over UA was found for blood cell markers of inflammation, that is, counts of neutrophils (p for trend <0.001), monocytes (p for trend <0.001) and thrombocytes (p for trend=0.021), while lymphocyte count showed no association. Interestingly, eosinophil count (p for trend=0.003) was found to be significantly lower in patients with MI compared to those with UA. Conclusions: Our results show that, in patients with ACS, the blood cell profile and degree of inflammation at admission was associated with the outcome. Furthermore, our data suggest that a pre-existing low-grade inflammation may dispose towards MI over UA.
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| 13. |
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| 14. |
- Råstam, Lennart, et al.
(författare)
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Association between serum sialic acid concentration and carotid atherosclerosis measured by B-mode ultrasound. The ARIC Investigators. Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study
- 1996
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1464-3685 .- 0300-5771. ; 25:5, s. 953-958
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that the serum level of sialic acid is associated positively with mortality from coronary disease and stroke. In this study its relation with carotid atherosclerosis was evaluated. METHODS: From the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 323 cases with carotid intima-media wall thickness above the 90th percentile (measured with B-mode ultrasound) were matched 1:1 with controls without atherosclerosis. Serum sialic acid, plasma LDL and HDL cholesterol, serum insulin concentrations, blood pressure, antihypertensive medication use, and smoking status were used to assess the independent contribution of the sialic acid level to carotid atherosclerosis. RESULTS: The mean (SD) serum sialic acid concentration was 75.0 (9.7) mg/dl in cases and 70.7 (8.9) mg/dl in controls (P = 0.0001). In a conditional logistic model with adjustment for age, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, serum insulin, smoking and hypertension, the odds ratio associated with sialic acid above the 75th percentile (> or = 78.3 mg/dl) versus below was 1.65 with a 95% confidence interval of 1.01-2.70. CONCLUSION: The sialic acid level is correlated with the presence of carotid atherosclerosis, independently of major cardiovascular disease risk factors. The biological mechanism behind this association is not resolved.
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| 15. |
- Sato, Daisuke, et al.
(författare)
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SHANK1 Deletions in Males with Autism Spectrum Disorder.
- 2012
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Ingår i: American Journal of Human Genetics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0002-9297. ; 90:5, s. 879-887
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of rare (<1% frequency) copy-number variations and point mutations in the genetic etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD); these variants particularly affect genes involved in the neuronal synaptic complex. The SHANK gene family consists of three members (SHANK1, SHANK2, and SHANK3), which encode scaffolding proteins required for the proper formation and function of neuronal synapses. Although SHANK2 and SHANK3 mutations have been implicated in ASD and intellectual disability, the involvement of SHANK1 is unknown. Here, we assess microarray data from 1,158 Canadian and 456 European individuals with ASD to discover microdeletions at the SHANK1 locus on chromosome 19. We identify a hemizygous SHANK1 deletion that segregates in a four-generation family in which male carriers-but not female carriers-have ASD with higher functioning. A de novo SHANK1 deletion was also detected in an unrelated male individual with ASD with higher functioning, and no equivalent SHANK1 mutations were found in >15,000 controls (p = 0.009). The discovery of apparent reduced penetrance of ASD in females bearing inherited autosomal SHANK1 deletions provides a possible contributory model for the male gender bias in autism. The data are also informative for clinical-genetics interpretations of both inherited and sporadic forms of ASD involving SHANK1.
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| 16. |
- Sun, MW, et al.
(författare)
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Haplotype structures and large-scale association testing of the 5 ' AMP-activated protein kinase genes PRK4A2, PRKAB1, and PRK4B1 with type 2 diabetes
- 2006
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Ingår i: Diabetes. - : American Diabetes Association. - 1939-327X .- 0012-1797. ; 55:3, s. 849-855
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key molecular regulator of cellular metabolism, and its activity is induced by both metformin and thiazolidinedione antidiabetic medications. It has therefore been proposed both as a putative agent in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and as a valid target for therapeutic intervention. Thus, the genes that encode the various AMPK subunits are intriguing candidates for the inherited basis of type 2 diabetes. We therefore set out to test for the association of common variants in the genes that encode three selected AMPK subunits with type 2 diabetes and related phenotypes. Of the seven genes that encode AMPK isoforms, we initially chose PRKAA2, PRKAB1, and PRKAB2 because of their higher prior probability of association with type 2 diabetes, based on previous reports of genetic linkage, functional molecular studies, expression patterns, and pharmacological evidence. We determined their haplotype structure, selected a subset of tag single nucleotide polymorphisms that comprehensively capture the extent of common genetic variation in these genes, and genotyped them in family-based and case/control samples comprising 4,206 individuals. Analysis of single-marker and multi-marker tests revealed no association with type 2 diabetes, fasting plasma glucose, or insulin sensitivity. Several nominal associations of variants in PRKAA2 and PRKAB1 with BMI appear to be consistent with statistical noise.
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| 17. |
- Troein, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Reported treatment of hypercholesterolemia by family physicians in Sweden and Minnesota
- 1995
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Ingår i: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. - 0749-3797. ; 11:5, s. 324-328
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Swedish guidelines on treatment of hyperlipidemia recommend higher cut-off levels for initiating treatment than do American guidelines, but are virtually identical for instituting and performing therapy. The aim of this study was to compare family physicians' reported practices in Sweden and Minnesota. We selected random samples of family physicians in southern Sweden and Minnesota for telephone interviews. Participation rates were 236/264 (89%) and 183/209 (88%), respectively. Swedish and Minnesota physicians adhered to their guidelines on cut-off levels in a case describing a 48-year-old man but, contrary to guidelines, reported higher cut-off levels for a 65-year-old man and a 65-year-old woman. In all cases described, Swedish physicians reported significantly higher cut-off levels. Swedish physicians were less prone to institute medication in older patients and less familiar with drugs. Minnesota physicians were more inclined to advise nicotinic acid derivatives (P < .0001 for all patient categories). Swedish physicians more frequently preferred resins (P = .00029) or fibrates (P = .0028) for the 48-year-old man and resins for the 65-year-old man (P = .0026). Despite common medical knowledge, the two medical communities are directed by different guidelines. Although adherence to cut-off levels was equally high in both groups, the use of lipid-lowering drugs has not become a familiar part of the therapeutic armamentarium for Swedish family physicians.
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| 18. |
- Troein, Margareta, et al.
(författare)
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Reported treatment of hypertension by family physicians in Sweden and Minnesota: a physician survey of practice habits
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of Internal Medicine. - 1365-2796. ; 238:3, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES. To compare family physicians' reported practice habits on hypertension in Sweden and Minnesota, and to assess to what extent different national guidelines account for differences. DESIGN. Random samples of family physicians were selected for telephone interviews on their practice of hypertension. SETTING. Primary care in southern Sweden and in Minnesota. SUBJECTS. Family medicine specialists. Participation rates were 236/264 (89%) in Sweden and 183/209 (88%) in Minnesota. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES. Cut-off levels, and non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of hypertension, related to three case scenarios: a 48-year-old man, a 65-year-old man and a 65-year-old woman. RESULTS. Swedish physicians reported significantly higher levels of diastolic blood pressure than Minnesota physicians for the institution of treatment of hypertension for all case scenarios. In both countries, physicians adhered to the cut-off levels of their national guidelines in the case of the 48-year-old man. Minnesota physicians did not use age as a modifying factor for treatment cut-off levels, as did Swedish physicians. Swedish physicians emphasized alcohol, fat and stress reduction, and Minnesota physicians weight and salt reduction as non-pharmacological treatment. While Swedish physicians generally preferred beta-blockers, Minnesota physicians chose ACE inhibitors or calcium channel blockers as the first choice drug. CONCLUSION. Swedish and US guidelines on hypertension were identical except for higher cut-off level for drug treatment in Sweden. Minnesota physicians reported cut-off levels close to national guidelines. For 65-year-old patients, Swedish physicians reported applying a higher cut-off level than indicated by guidelines. Swedish physicians also reported preferring less expensive drugs. As a consequence of the differing national guidelines and the identified physicians' practice habits in the two medical communities, it is likely that the segments of the populations treated and the drug costs differ substantially.
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| 19. |
- Östberg, Anna-Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Tooth loss and obesity in a defined Swedish population
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim The aim of the present study was to explore the association between tooth loss and obesity in a defined adult Swedish population and to investigate whether psychosocial factors could explain a tentative association. Methods The study is based on a population survey 2001-2005 in two municipalities within the same mainly rural area in south-western Sweden, being part of a comprehensive epidemiological study on hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and obesity (The Skaraborg Project). A random sample of 30-74-year-olds (five year strata) was selected and 2,918 people participated (76%). Information on remaining number of teeth was collected by a self-administered questionnaire. Tooth loss was defined as <20 remaining teeth, as compared to 20. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) 30 kgm-2. Associations were estimated using logistic regression and adjustments were made for demographic, clinical and life-style variables as well as co-morbidity. Results The mean BMI value was 26.9 kgm-2 in men and 26.8 kgm-2 in women. Obesity was still more frequent among women than among men (23.6% versus 17.7%, p<0.001). Including all ages, there was a statistically significant association between tooth loss and obesity among women (OR 1.98; CI 1.44-2.72), but not among men (1.40; 0.98-2.00). However, in participants below 60 years of age, this association was stronger and statistically significant in both genders, while it was lost in older participants. Conclusions In this study, tooth loss was associated with obesity in the younger adults with a stronger association in women than in men
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