| 1. |
- Hultberg, Tove, et al.
(författare)
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Ash dieback risks an extinction cascade
- 2020
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Ingår i: Biological Conservation. - : Elsevier BV. - 0006-3207 .- 1873-2917. ; 244
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Large-scale decline in populations of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior) are occurring throughout Europe due to the invasive fungus Hymenoscyphus fraxineus. This has grave ecological implications not only for ash trees, but also for the biodiversity supported by, and in some cases solely dependent on ash. Here we used data on the tree-species associations of biodiversity in Sweden, to predict extinction risks for ash-associated organisms, and the potential for combinations of other tree species to sustain ash-associated biodiversity. Of the 483 ash-associated species identified, 11% are exclusive to ash, and a further 23% prefer mainly ash. Notably, many ash-associated species are shared with wych elm (Ulmus glabra) which is similarly threatened by an invasive fungus. Considering the level of host association and the species' conservation status, 115 species were deemed at high risk of regional extinction. Using a mathematical optimization model we found that up to nine additional tree species would be needed to sustain all non-obligate ash dependent/preferring species in the absence of ash and elm. We discuss mitigation and adaption options to reduce the potential for an extinction cascade and conserve ash-associated biodiversity, but all pose unique challenges.
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| 2. |
- Rönnberg, Bengt, et al.
(författare)
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Compensating for cross-reactions using avidity and computation in a suspension multiplex immunoassay for serotyping of Zika versus other flavivirus infections
- 2017
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Ingår i: Medical Microbiology and Immmunology. - : SPRINGER. - 0300-8584 .- 1432-1831. ; 206:5, s. 383-401
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The recent spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas and Asia necessitates an increased preparedness for improved maternal and perinatal health and blood safety. However, serological cross-reactions, especially to Dengue virus (DENV), complicate ZIKV antibody serodiagnosis. A novel "pan-Flavi" suspension multiplex immunoassay (PFSMIA) using 25 antigens, whole virus (WV), non-structural protein 1 (NS1), and envelope (E) proteins, from 7 zoonotic flaviviruses for specific detection of ZIKV and DENV IgM and IgG was developed. Patterns of antibody cross-reactivity, avidity, and kinetics were established in 104 sera from returning travelers with known ZIKV and DENV infections. PFSMIA gave IgM- and IgG-sensitivities for both viruses of 96-100%, compared to an immunofluorescence assay. Main IgM cross-reactions were to NS1, for IgG to the E and WV antigens. Infecting virus yielded reactivity to several antigens of the homologous virus, while cross-reactions tended to occur only to a single antigen from heterologous virus(es). A specificity-enhancing computer procedure took into account antibody isotype, number of antibody-reactive antigens per virus, avidity, average degree of cross-reactivity to heterologous flavivirus antigens, and reactivity changes in serial sera. It classified all 50 cases correctly. Applied to sera from 200 pregnant women and 173 blood donors from Sweden, one blood donor was found ZIKV NS1 IgM positive, and another as ZIKV NS1 IgG positive. These samples did not react with other ZIKV antigens and were thereby judged as false-positives. PFSMIA provided sensitive and specific ZIKV and DENV serology, warranting high-throughput serological surveillance and a minimized need for laborious and expensive virus neutralization assays.
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| 3. |
- Rönnberg, Niklas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Sonifying the periphery: Supporting the formation of gestalt in air traffic control
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of ISon 2016, 5th Interactive Sonification Workshop, CITEC, Bielefeld University, Germany, December 16, 2016. - : CITEC, Bielefeld University. ; , s. 23-27
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We report a design-led exploration of sonification to provide peripheral awareness in air traffic control centers. Our assumption is that by using musical sounds for sonification of peripheral events, it is possible to create a dynamic soundscape that complements the visual information to support the formation and maintenance of an airspace Gestalt throughout the air traffic controller’s interaction. An interactive sonification concept was designed, focusing on one controlled sector of airspace with inbound and outbound aircraft. A formative assessment of the sonification concept suggests that our approach might facilitate the air traffic controller’s work by providing complementary auditory information about inbound and outbound aircraft, particularly in situations where the traffic volume is moderate to low.
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| 4. |
- Albinsson, Bo, et al.
(författare)
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Distinction between serological responses following tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection vs vaccination, Sweden 2017
- 2018
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Ingår i: Eurosurveillance. - 1025-496X .- 1560-7917. ; 23:3, s. 2-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is an important European vaccine-preventable pathogen. Discrimination of vaccine-induced antibodies from those elicited by infection is important. We studied anti-TBEV IgM/IgG responses, including avidity and neutralisation, by multiplex serology in 50 TBEV patients and 50 TBEV vaccinees. Infection induced antibodies reactive to both whole virus (WV) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) in 48 clinical cases, whereas 47 TBEV vaccinees had WV, but not NS1 antibodies, enabling efficient discrimination of infection/vaccination.
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| 5. |
- Besançon, Lonni, et al.
(författare)
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Open up: a survey on open and non-anonymized peer reviewing
- 2020
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Ingår i: BMC Research Integrity and Peer Review. - : BioMed Central. - 2058-8615. ; 5:8, s. 1-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundOur aim is to highlight the benefits and limitations of open and non-anonymized peer review. Our argument is based on the literature and on responses to a survey on the reviewing process of alt.chi, a more or less open review track within the so-called Computer Human Interaction (CHI) conference, the predominant conference in the field of human-computer interaction. This track currently is the only implementation of an open peer review process in the field of human-computer interaction while, with the recent increase in interest in open scientific practices, open review is now being considered and used in other fields.MethodsWe ran an online survey with 30 responses from alt.chi authors and reviewers, collecting quantitative data using multiple-choice questions and Likert scales. Qualitative data were collected using open questions.ResultsOur main quantitative result is that respondents are more positive to open and non-anonymous reviewing for alt.chi than for other parts of the CHI conference. The qualitative data specifically highlight the benefits of open and transparent academic discussions. The data and scripts are available on https://osf.io/vuw7h/, and the figures and follow-up work on http://tiny.cc/OpenReviews.ConclusionWhile the benefits are quite clear and the system is generally well-liked by alt.chi participants, they remain reluctant to see it used in other venues. This concurs with a number of recent studies that suggest a divergence between support for a more open review process and its practical implementation.
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| 6. |
- Blomquist, Mimmi, et al.
(författare)
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Size matters but is big always better? Effectiveness of urea and Phlebiopsis gigantea as treatment against Heterobasidion on Picea abies stumps of variable size
- 2020
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 462
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Heterobasidion is a severe threat to coniferous forests in the northern hemisphere. Accurate forest management is needed to safeguard the economic values at stake. In this paper we investigate the efficacy of stump treatment with urea and Phlebiopsis gigantea as control treatment in Norway spruce against airborne Heterobasidion infections. The aim of this study was to examine the infection frequency, i.e. frequency of stumps infected by airborne spores, and efficacy of the stump treatments after performing precommercial thinning and final felling, representing highly variable stump diameters. Today treatment after these cuttings are not standard practice across the world.From a total of 27 Norway spruce stands in the southern and mid-regions of Sweden, five precommercial thinning stands and five final felling stands with infection frequencies higher than an economical threshold for treatment, 20%, were selected. In these stands, the efficacy of stump treatment using urea and P. gigantea against Heterobasidion spp. was assessed on stumps of variable diameter. Wooden discs from stumps were analyzed for airborne infections of Heterobasidion spp. 7-8 weeks after treatment. To evaluate the efficacy of treatments, we used the following three different measurements; infection frequency (proportion of infected stumps), relative infected stump area and number of Heterobasidion colonies per square dm, which were tested using three different statistical models each represented by an efficacy value. Overall, untreated stumps were infected to a higher extent than treated stumps, and most infections were found in untreated stumps from final fellings. Treatment with P. gigantea was more efficient for larger sized stumps than small. In precommercial thinnings, urea performed better and had higher mean efficacy values (92-94%) compared to P. gigantea (59%-72%). In final fellings there were no significant differences between the treatments, both had high efficacy values (urea 95.5-99.8% vs P. gigantea 90-98%).Our findings point at the need for accurate stump treatment after precommercial thinning and final felling, when infection rates are likely to be high. Urea seems to be more effective than the biological control agent P. gigantea in controlling Heterobasidion infections in stumps created in precommercial thinnings. We therefore recommend to use urea in precommercial thinnings if possible. In final fellings either urea or P. gigantea can be used.
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| 7. |
- Blomquist, Mimmi, et al.
(författare)
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The potential of biological control against Heterobasidion root rot is not realized in practical forestry
- 2023
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 531
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For about 25 years, forest managers in Sweden have been treating stumps following harvesting with Phlebiopsis gigantea, retailed as Rotstop (R) S gel, against spore infections of Heterobasidion, which cause root rot in order to minimize losses in timber production. However, not all forest managers trust the efficacy of stump treatment and this fact has hindered widespread adoption of stump treatment using P. gigantea. In this study, we evaluated stump treatment in the field during commercial thinning operations across 15 sites, by assessing the degree of stump coverage and subsequent infection levels in stump discs. In total, 45 % of all stumps were infected with Heterobasidion spp.. Nineteen percent of all stumps were considered to have full (100 %) coverage by Rotstop (R) S but contractors failed to achieve the manufacturers stipulated minimum coverage (85 %) in approximately 1/3 of all stumps. Using PCR, we could only detect the presence of P. gigantea in 73 % of the tested stumps. Large variation occurred between stump coverage and the recovery of P. gigantea in wood chip samples collected from stump discs across sites. In the worst case, we detected P. gigantea in only three out of ten treated stumps at one site. Despite this discrepancy we saw a clear reduction of the size of Heterobasidion infections on stumps where stump treatment coverage was more than 85 % of the stump surface.Our results suggest that forest operators in Sweden repeatedly fail to either apply a spore solution of P. gigantea or cover enough of the stumps to provide the desired protection. The outcome of such sub-standard application, could further undermine the usage of biological control agents in forestry and limit any potential control against Heterobasidion spp..
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| 8. |
- Cleary, Michelle, et al.
(författare)
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First report of Pleuroceras pseudoplatani on Acer rubrum, A. griseum, A. saccharinurn, A. negundo, A. circinatum and A. macrophyllum in Scotland
- 2018
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Ingår i: Forestry Chronicle. - : Canadian Institute of Forestry. - 0015-7546 .- 1499-9315. ; 94, s. 147-150
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In September 2016, large necrotic lesions were observed on the foliage of several maples in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. Symptoms resembled giant leaf blotch disease caused by Pleuroceras pseudoplatani (formerly Gnomonia pseudoplatani; Ophiognomia pseudoplatani) on sycamore maple (Acer pseudoplatanus), a common disease in Europe. Other than A. pseudoplatanus, no other Acer species have previously been reported as hosts for this pathogen. Symptomatic leaves were collected from Acer rubrum, A. rubrum var. Somerset, A. griseum, A. saccharinum, A. negundo, A. macrophyllum, and A. circinatum, and the known host of P pseudoplatani, A. pseudoplatanus. Next generation sequencing was used to determine presence of the suspected P. pseudoplatani and other associated fungi in symptomatic leaves. P pseudoplatani was predominant in all symptomatic samples with 99-100% identity with reference ITS sequences of P pseudoplatani deposited in GenBank (NCBI). This is the first report of P. pseudoplatani associated with leaf blotch on Acer species other than A. pseudoplatanus. The newly reported damage on North American Acer species may be of particular concern because of the economic importance of maples for timber products, syrup production and as ornamental trees in urban landscapes. Precautions should be taken to limit trade of plants from infested areas in Europe.
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| 9. |
- Danielsson, Jonas, 1973-
(författare)
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Skräckskönt : en etnologisk studie
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present study is to explore how horror movie fans use the films to gain access to certain emotions, and the discussions to which the movies give rise. Through this, I hope to attain a deeper understanding of how the horror movie fan chooses to view the genre. While horror movie fans experience a raft of emotions as they watch, this is not the whole story; they also reflect upon these emotions and question certain responses, eg. why laugh at one form of violence but not the next, or how can one killer elicit empathy in the viewer while others do not. In order to understand this popular genre I have based my thesis mainly on interviews with the actual horror film fan, here represented by 9 women and 11 men. Special emphasis in the theoretical body is placed on Bakhtin’s notion of the grotesque, a ”world turned upside-down”, and dialogical truth. The horror movie fan might be described in the same fashion – as someone who through the films he watches sees and acknowledges an alternative cultural system which is otherwise suppressed. They can experiment with ideas of other kinds of rules, norms and hierarchies than those already in place in society. The horror movie fans talk about special themes as more important than others, and these “key symbols” have helped in constructing the thesis. I have for that reason formed the analysis in the region of emotions like fear, disgust and desires, but also more intellectual discussions on film violence and evil. It is clear that a controlled sense of fear is one of the main forces sparking the initial interest the informants felt for horror and urging them forward in their quest for more. It is also clear that feelings of disgust the horror movies evoke are a part of the fans’ discussions about the world and the evil therein. The horror movie fans speak about evil as something inherent in everyone, and something which must be acknowledged in order to live a “full” life. Despite of all this I consider pure enjoyment and entertainment to be the very foundation of their shared interest, and that the horror movie fans try to make strong distinctions between “fact” and “fiction”. These conscious distinctions could also be one of the reasons that the fans find these types of movies entertaining. Those who are incapable to make these clear distinctions are therefore, more or less, unable to see the purpose of the fascination with horror narratives.
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| 10. |
- Elmquist, Elias, 1996-, et al.
(författare)
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SonAir: the design of a sonification of radar data for air traffic control
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal on Multimodal User Interfaces. - : SPRINGER. - 1783-7677 .- 1783-8738. ; 17:3, s. 137-149
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Along with the increase of digitalization and automation, a new kind of working environment is emerging in the field of air traffic control. Instead of situating the control tower at the airport, it is now possible to remotely control the airport at any given location, i.e. in a remote tower center (RTC). However, by controlling the airport remotely, the situational awareness and sense of presence might be compromised. By using directional sound, a higher situational awareness could potentially be achieved while also offloading the visual perception which is heavily used in air traffic control. Suitable use cases for sonification in air traffic control were found through workshops with air traffic controllers. A sonification design named SonAir was developed based on the outcome of the workshops, and was integrated with an RTC simulator for evaluating to what degree SonAir could support air traffic controllers in their work. The results suggest that certain aspects of SonAir could be useful for air traffic controllers. A continuous sonification where the spatial positioning of aircraft were conveyed was experienced to be partially useful, but the intrusiveness of SonAir should be further considered to fit the air traffic controllers’ needs. An earcon that conveyed when an aircraft enters the airspace and from which direction was considered useful to support situational awareness.
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| 11. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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Forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from spruce-birch mixtures : The potential importance of tree spatial arrangement
- 2022
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Ingår i: Environmental Challenges. - : Elsevier BV. - 2667-0100. ; 6
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- There is increasing empirical support for the biodiversity and ecosystem service (ES) benefits of mixed-species production forests. However, few studies control for the spatial arrangement of the trees within mixtures to determine the influence that clustering the tree species (patch scale mixtures), versus evenly dispersing them (intimate scale mixtures), may have for biodiversity and ES outcomes. To highlight the potential implications of altering tree spatial arrangement in mixtures, and the need to fill related knowledge gaps, here we provide a qualitative multi-disciplinary overview of ecological and socio-economic drivers with the potential to alter biodiversity, ecosystem services, and management-related outcomes from patch versus intimate scale mixtures. We focused our overview on even-aged mixtures of Norway spruce (Picea abies) and birch (Betula pendula or B. pubescens) in Sweden, which enabled us to contrast findings within a biogeographical and silvicultural setting. Specifically, we targeted implications for biodiversity (understory vascular plants, epiphytic lichens, saproxylic beetles, birds), biomass production, harvesting costs, management ease, recreation and aesthetics, cervid game, as well as abiotic and biotic risks (wind, fire, pathogens, pests, browsing damage). In the absence of direct empirical evidence, we primarily relied on expert inference from theory and relevant empirical studies sourced from the Fennoscandian region, and further afield if needed. Collectively these efforts allowed us to develop a number of informed hypotheses indicating that for spruce-birch mixtures in this region, patch scale mixtures may have the potential to favour the diversity of several forest dependant taxonomic groups, cervid game and reduce harvesting costs, whereas intimate mixtures may have the potential to reduce pathogen and pest damage, and likewise, potentially benefit production outcomes. Current knowledge was too limited, inconsistent or context dependant to even tentatively infer outcomes for fire risk, wind damage, browsing damage, management ease, recreational and aesthetic outcomes. We emphasize that our hypotheses require testing, but are sufficient to (1) highlight the likely importance of spatial-scale to biodiversity and ecosystem services outcomes in mixed-species production forests, (2) caution against generalization from mixture studies that lack scale considerations, and (3) motivate the targeted consideration of spatial grain in future mixture studies.
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| 12. |
- Felton, Adam, et al.
(författare)
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The tree species matters : Biodiversity and ecosystem service implications of replacing Scots pine production stands with Norway spruce.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 49:5, s. 1035-1049
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The choice of tree species used in production forests matters for biodiversity and ecosystem services. In Sweden, damage to young production forests by large browsing herbivores is helping to drive a development where sites traditionally regenerated with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) are instead being regenerated with Norway spruce (Picea abies). We provide a condensed synthesis of the available evidence regarding the likely resultant implications for forest biodiversity and ecosystem services from this change in tree species. Apart from some benefits (e.g. reduced stand-level browsing damage), we identified a range of negative outcomes for biodiversity, production, esthetic and recreational values, as well as increased stand vulnerability to storm, frost, and drought damage, and potentially higher risks of pest and pathogen outbreak. Our results are directly relevant to forest owners and policy-makers seeking information regarding the uncertainties, risks, and trade-offs likely to result from changing the tree species in production forests.
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| 13. |
- Forsberg, Elin, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment with Anti-HER2 Chimeric Antigen Receptor Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (CAR-TILs) Is Safe and Associated with Antitumor Efficacy in Mice and Companion Dogs
- 2023
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Ingår i: Cancers. - : MDPI AG. - 2072-6694. ; 15:3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simple Summary CAR-T cells are immune cells equipped with a claw that enable them to bind cancer cells. Usually, CAR-T cells are made using immune cells from blood. Here, we tested the hypothesis that also immune cells that reside in the tumor, so called tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, can also be modified to carry the claw. This may mean that these cells, called CAR-TILs, will be able to attack cancer cells in two ways, using the claw or binding using its normal protein on the cell surface, the so-called T cell receptor. We show that CAR-TILs can be generated, and that they can kill melanoma cells in cell culture and in mice. Finally, to prepare for clinical trials, we also assess if CAR-TILs can be safe in a human cancer patient-like model, a companion dog suffering from cancer. Our data suggest that CAR-TILs may be a way to treat patients with melanoma but human clinical trials are needed. Patients with metastatic melanoma have a historically poor prognosis, but recent advances in treatment options, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy, have drastically improved the outcomes for some of these patients. However, not all patients respond to available treatments, and around 50% of patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma and almost all patients with metastases of uveal melanoma die of their disease. Thus, there is a need for novel treatment strategies for patients with melanoma that do not benefit from the available therapies. Chimeric antigen receptor-expressing T (CAR-T) cells are largely unexplored in melanoma. Traditionally, CAR-T cells have been produced by transducing blood-derived T cells with a virus expressing CAR. However, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can also be engineered to express CAR, and such CAR-TILs could be dual-targeting. To this end, tumor samples and autologous TILs from metastasized human uveal and cutaneous melanoma were expanded in vitro and transduced with a lentiviral vector encoding an anti-HER2 CAR construct. When infused into patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mouse models carrying autologous tumors, CAR-TILs were able to eradicate melanoma, even in the absence of antigen presentation by HLA. To advance this concept to the clinic and assess its safety in an immune-competent and human-patient-like setting, we treated four companion dogs with autologous anti-HER2 CAR-TILs. We found that these cells were tolerable and showed signs of anti-tumor activity. Taken together, CAR-TIL therapy is a promising avenue for broadening the tumor-targeting capacity of TILs in patients with checkpoint immunotherapy-resistant melanoma.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Gunulf, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Control Efficacy of Stump Treatment and Influence of Stump Height on Natural Spore Infection by Heterobasidion spp. of Precommercial Thinning Stumps of Norway Spruce and Birch
- 2012
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Ingår i: Silva Fennica. - : Finnish Society of Forest Science. - 0037-5330 .- 2242-4075. ; 46, s. 655-665
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gunulf, A., Mc Carthy, R. & Ronnberg, J. 2012. Control efficacy of stump treatment and influence of stump height on natural spore infection by Heterobasidion spp. of precommercial thinning stumps of norway spruce and birch. Silva Fennica 46(5): 655-665. An alternative precommercial thinning technique results in trees being cut higher up the stem compared to the normal method using a brush saw. The aims of this study were to investigate if primary infection of Heterobasidion spp. on precommercial thinning stumps of Norway spruce and birch is influenced by stump height and to test the control efficacy of stump treatment with Phlebiopsis gigantea on precommercial thinning stumps of Norway spruce. Small Norway spruce and birch trees were felled on five sites in southern Sweden and their stumps subjected to natural spore infection. For each species, two treatments of stump height were created: 15 and 100 cm. Half of the Norway spruce stumps were treated with P. gigantea. After two months, 896 stumps were sampled and infection by Heterobasidion spp. was quantified. The height of stumps did not significantly influence infection frequency or size of infection on either tree species. Untreated Norway spruce stumps had an infection frequency of 55% while 31% of the treated stumps were infected. The control efficacy of stump treatment in terms of reduced relative infected area was 61-65%. The area occupied by Heterobasidion spp. on birch stumps was generally small, on average 0.4 cm(2) per infected stump, although 15% of the stumps were infected. The risk of primary infection in Norway spruce dominated stands should be considered when precommercial thinning is conducted but the control efficacy and economy of stump treatment warrants further investigation before practical recommendations can be made.
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| 17. |
- Gunulf, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Risk of False Positives during Sampling for Heterobasidion annosum s.l.
- 2016
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Ingår i: Plant Disease. - : Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (APS). - 0191-2917 .- 1943-7692. ; 100, s. 175-179
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A standard method to detect infection by Heterobasidion annosum sensu lato (s.l.) in stumps or stems is to cut a disc and examine it under a microscope. Concerns have been raised that spores can be transferred from the bark to the cut surface, thus contaminating the sample. The aims of this study were to test whether viable basidiospores of H. annosum s.l. can be transferred from the bark onto disc surfaces by a chainsaw and to investigate the impacts of different sampling procedures on the extent of contaminations. Logs were cut with or without adding basidiospores to the bark prior to the cut. Infection measurements were significantly greater for discs with treated bark (100% infected, infection coverage 40 cm(2) dm(-2) of disc area) compared with control discs (47% infected, infection coverage 0.2 to 0.3 cm(2) dm(-2)). In addition, trees were sampled under authentic field conditions using different procedures. The infection measurements differed significantly depending on the procedure; sampling involving debarking or disinfection of the bark with 70% ethanol prior to cutting had lower measurements (6 to 19% and 13% infected, respectively) compared with leaving the bark on untreated (63 to 75% infected). Consideration of the contamination risk is warranted when evaluating the results of earlier studies and when planning new experiments.
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| 18. |
- Gunulf, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Secondary spread of Heterobasidion parviporum from small Norway spruce stumps to adjacent trees
- 2013
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Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 287, s. 1-8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Root and butt rot from Heterobasidion parviporum on Norway spruce causes severe economic losses in northern Europe and stumps from commercial thinnings are regularly treated to prevent infection. Stumps created at precommercial thinnings are, due to their small size, believed to be unable to transfer the disease. The aims of this study were to investigate the ability of small-sized Norway spruce stumps to transfer infection to neighboring trees and to determine the lower size and age limit for disease transmission. Norway spruce trees, with diameters between 2 and 14 cm at stump height, were felled at 14 sites in western Sweden. The resulting stumps were inoculated with H. parviporum and disease transfer recorded at stump height in the adjacent Norway spruce trees 5 years later. Stumps covering the whole span of investigated sizes and ages could transfer infection of H. parviporum and consequently a lower limit under which transfer never occurred could not be determined. The probability of finding an inoculated infection in a tree increased with increasing diameter of both tree and stump. For a given stump size, the probability of infection in the nearby tree decreased with increasing age of the stump. It seems prudent to consider the risk of introducing H. parviporum during precommercial thinning in Norway spruce dominated stands. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
- Klapwijk, Maartje, et al.
(författare)
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Reducing the risk of invasive forest pests and pathogens : Combining legislation, targeted management and public awareness
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ambio. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 45, s. S223-S234
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intensifying global trade will result in increased numbers of plant pest and pathogen species inadvertently being transported along with cargo. This paper examines current mechanisms for prevention and management of potential introductions of forest insect pests and pathogens in the European Union (EU). Current European legislation has not been found sufficient in preventing invasion, establishment and spread of pest and pathogen species within the EU. Costs associated with future invasions are difficult to estimate but past invasions have led to negative economic impacts in the invaded country. The challenge is combining free trade and free movement of products (within the EU) with protection against invasive pests and pathogens. Public awareness may mobilise the public for prevention and detection of potential invasions and, simultaneously, increase support for eradication and control measures. We recommend focus on commodities in addition to pathways, an approach within the EU using a centralised response unit and, critically, to engage the general public in the battle against establishment and spread of these harmful pests and pathogens.
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| 21. |
- Niklas, Rönnberg, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
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Photone: Exploring modal synergy in photographic images and music
- 2018
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Ingår i: International Conference on Auditory Display, 2018 [30]. - Arlington, Virginia : Georgia Institute of Technology. ; , s. 73-79
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present Photone, an interactive installation combining photographic images and musical sonification. An image is displayed, and a dynamic musical score is generated based on the overall color properties of the image and the color value of the pixel under the cursor. Hence, the music changes as the user moves the cursor. This simple approach turns out to have interesting experiential qualities in use. The composition of images and music invites the user to explore the combination of hues and textures, and musical sounds. We characterize the resulting experience in Photone as one of modal synergy where visual and auditory output combine holistically with the chosen interaction technique. This tentative finding is potentially relevant to further research in auditory displays and multimodal interaction.
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| 22. |
- Ohlsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Co-digestion of salix and manure for biogas: importance of clone choice, coppicing frequency and reactor setup
- 2020
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Ingår i: Energies. - : MDPI AG. - 1996-1073. ; 13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Animalmanure represents amajor source of renewable energy that can be converted into biogasusing anaerobic digestion. In order to most efficiently utilize this resource, it can be co-digested withenergy dense, high biomethanation potential feedstocks such as energy crops. However, such feedstockstypically require pretreatments which are not feasible for small-scale facilities.We investigated theuse of single-stage and the sequential co-digestion of comminuted but otherwise non-pretreated Salixwith animal manure, and further investigated the effects of coppicing frequency and clone choice onbiomethanation potential and the area requirements for a typical Swedish farm-scale anaerobic digesterusing Salix and manure as feedstock. In comparison with conventional single-stage digestion, sequentialdigestion increased the volumetric and specific methane production by 57% to 577 NmL L?1 d?1 and192 NmL (g volatile solids (VS))?1, respectively. Biomethanation potential was the highest for the twoyear-old shoots, although gains in biomass productivity suggest that every-third-year coppicing maybe a better strategy for supplying Salix feedstock for anaerobic digestion. The biomethane productionperformance of the sequential digestion of minimally pretreated Salix mirrors that of hydrothermallypretreated hardwoods and may provide an option where such pretreatments are not feasible.
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| 23. |
- Ohlsson, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Genetic variation of biomass recalcitrance in a natural Salix viminalis (L.) population
- 2019
-
Ingår i: Biotechnology for Biofuels. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1754-6834. ; 12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundSalix spp. are high-productivity crops potentially used for lignocellulosic biofuels such as bioethanol. In general, pretreatment is needed to facilitate the enzymatic depolymerization process. Biomass resistance to degradation, i.e., biomass recalcitrance, is a trait which can be assessed by measuring the sugar released after combined pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis. We have examined genetic parameters of enzymatic sugar release and other traits related to biorefinery use in a population of 286 natural Salix viminalis clones. Furthermore, we have evaluated phenotypic and genetic correlations between these traits and performed a genomewide association mapping analysis using a set of 19,411 markers.ResultsSugar release (glucose and xylose) after pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification proved highly variable with large genetic and phenotypic variations, and chip heritability estimates (h(2)) of 0.23-0.29. Lignin syringyl/guaiacyl (S/G) ratio and wood density were the most heritable traits (h(2)=0.42 and 0.59, respectively). Sugar release traits were positively correlated, phenotypically and genetically, with biomass yield and lignin S/G ratio. Association mapping revealed seven marker-trait associations below a suggestive significance threshold, including one marker associated with glucose release.ConclusionsWe identified lignin S/G ratio and shoot diameter as heritable traits that could be relatively easily evaluated by breeders, making them suitable proxy traits for developing low-recalcitrance varieties. One marker below the suggestive threshold for marker associations was identified for sugar release, meriting further investigation while also highlighting the difficulties in employing genomewide association mapping for complex traits.
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| 24. |
- Pettersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Pathogenicity of Neonectria fuckeliana on Norway Spruce Clones in Sweden and Potential Management Strategies
- 2018
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The fungus Neonectria fuckeliana has become an increasing problem on Norway spruce (Picea abies) in the Nordic countries during recent years. Canker wounds caused by the pathogen reduce timber quality and top-dieback is a problem for the Christmas tree industry. In this study, four inoculation trials were conducted to examine the ability of N. fuckeliana to cause disease on young Norway spruce plants and determine how different wound types would affect the occurrence and severity of the disease. Symptom development after 8-11 months was mainly mild and lesion lengths under bark were generally minor. However, N. fuckeliana could still be reisolated and/or molecularly detected. Slow disease development is in line with older studies describing N. fuckeliana as a weak pathogen. However, the results do not explain the serious increased damage by N. fuckeliana registered in Nordic forests and Christmas tree plantations. Potential management implications, such as shearing Christmas trees during periods of low inoculum pressure, cleaning secateurs between trees, and removal and burning of diseased branches and trees to avoid inoculum transfer and to keep disease pressure low, are based on experiments presented here and experiences with related pathogens.
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| 25. |
- Pettersson, Martin, et al.
(författare)
-
Presence of Phytophthora species in Swedish Christmas tree plantations
- 2019
-
Ingår i: European Journal of Plant Pathology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0929-1873 .- 1573-8469. ; 153, s. 1221-1236
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytophthora cryptogea, P. gonapodyides, P. lacustris, P. megasperma, P. plurivora, P. taxon paludosa and an unknown Phytophthora species were isolated from waterways and soil samples in Christmas tree fields in southern Sweden. In addition, P. megasperma was isolated from a diseased Norway spruce (Picea abies) plant from one of the fields in Svalov. Inoculation tests were sequentially carried out with one isolate from each of the three species P. cryptogea, P. megasperma, and P. plurivora, all known pathogens on conifers. The same three isolates were used to study a few morphological features to confirm the identification, and temperature-growth relationships were carried out to see how well the organisms fit into Swedish climatic conditions. Seedlings of Norway spruce and Nordmann fir (Abies nordmanniana) were inoculated in the roots and the stems. None of the isolates caused extensive root rot under the experimental conditions, but all three species could be re-isolated from both Norway spruce and Nordmann fir. Phytophthora root rot is currently of minor concern for Christmas tree growers in Sweden. However, the Phytophthora isolations from soil and water indicate the presence of this damaging agent, which may lead to future problems.
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| 26. |
- Roos, Annie, et al.
(författare)
-
The digitalisation of the Nordic bioeconomy and its effect on gender equality
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 36, s. 639-654
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With digitalisation, the male-dominated bioeconomy sector becomes intertwined with the male-dominated tech sector. We focus on the effects on gender equality within the bioeconomy sector when these two gender unequal sectors are merged. We review the existing literature by studying three concepts - bioeconomy, digitalisation and gender - as a way to highlight the current state of knowledge on gender in the Nordic digitalised bioeconomy. Through this investigation we provide directions for future research and suggest actions to be taken. The contemporary literature discusses two major areas of focus: the impact of history on today's situation and gender inequality as a women's issue. We propose four areas of future research focus: moving beyond a historical perspective, understanding the effectiveness of women-only activities, focusing on men's role in gender equality work, and developing sustainability. We identify four points of action for practitioners in the literature: female role models, mentorship programmes, networks for young professionals and students and incorporating gender into bioeconomy-related education. However, together with the proposed future research, we suggest two considerations when practitioners in the Nordic digitalised bioeconomy take action: being mindful of the purpose and structure of women-only activities and including men when working with gender issues.
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| 27. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
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Ekonomi och rotröta
- 2011
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Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 201-210
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 28. |
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| 29. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
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Historik om röta
- 2011
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Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 33-40
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 30. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
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Identifiering av röta i bestånd och träd
- 2011
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Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 45-50
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 31. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of Heterobasidion spp. following different thinning regimes in Norway spruce in southern Sweden
- 2013
-
Ingår i: Forest Ecology and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-1127 .- 1872-7042. ; 289, s. 409-415
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The incidence of Heterobasidion spp. infections following different thinning regimes in Norway spruce was evaluated on 12 plots in a trial in southern Sweden. The plots were established in 1961 and followed until final felling in 2001. The treatments ranged from one light thinning at the experimental set-up to six thinnings. The average incidence of decay was 44% across all thinning regimes of which Heterobasidion spp. was identified in 85% of the cases. There was no difference in the incidence of infections, decayed volumes, and the size or number of Heterobasidion spp. genets among the thinning regimes. The largest genet was though found on the plot with just one light thinning and encompassed 25 trees. On average, 11.1% of the stem volume was decayed and the average height of the decay column was 4 m. Decay incidence was 3.7 times the decayed volume and the height of the decay columns was 19 times the diameter of the decay at stump height. Conclusively, early thinning appears to be more important for disease development than subsequent multiple thinning. To restrict the disease development in the stand later during the rotation period, it is of utmost importance that the earlier thinnings are made during winter conditions or otherwise properly protected against spore infection of Heterobasidion. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 32. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Increased diversity of Phytophthora species in Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations in the Southern Appalachians
- 2017
-
Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0282-7581 .- 1651-1891. ; 32, s. 412-420
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Phytophthora root rot (PRR) disease afflicts significant economic losses to the Fraser fir Christmas tree industry. In previous surveys conducted in 1972 and from 1997 to 1998 in North Carolina, the incidence of PRR was approximate to 9.5% with Phytophthora cinnamomi identified as the predominant causal species isolated from infected roots of Fraser fir. Due to increased use of out-of-state planting stock since 2000, we suspected increased diversity of Phytophthora species. During 2014, we surveyed Fraser fir Christmas tree plantations in the Southern Appalachians of North Carolina, Tennessee and Virginia to determine the occurrence of pathogenic root-rotting species of Phytophthora. A weighted sampling strategy based on Christmas tree acreage was deployed to collect symptomatic Fraser fir roots from 103 commercial production fields in 14 counties. Six species of Phytophthora were isolated from infected roots sampled from 82 sites in 13 counties. Phytophthora cinnamomi, P. cryptogea and P. pini represented 70.3%, 23.1% and 1.1% of the 91 isolates. Phytophthora citrophthora, P. europaea and P. sansomeana accounted for the remaining 5.5% of the isolates and have not been identified in previously published Fraser fir surveys conducted in the region. The pathogenicity of P. citrophthora on Fraser fir was confirmed based on completion of Koch's postulates.
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| 33. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Mortality and basal area growth following precommercial thinning in stands affected by Armillaria, Laminated and Tomentosus root diseases in southern British Columbia
- 2022
-
Ingår i: Forest Pathology. - : Wiley. - 1437-4781 .- 1439-0329. ; 52
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Precommercial thinning aims to reduce the density of immature stands to stimulate growth of well-spaced crop trees of preferred species and free from defects and disease. The chronic persistence of Armillaria, Laminated and Tomentosus root diseases in coniferous forests of British Columbia, Canada may offset potential gains in timber yield of commercially important tree species by creating stumps that the fungi utilize as an energy source to infect neighbouring trees. In juvenile plantations and naturally regenerated stands in six biogeoclimatic (BEC) zones with evidence of root disease caused by Armillaria ostoyae (8 sites), Coniferiporia sulphurascens (2 sites) or Onnia tomentosa (1 site), five of ten 20 m square plots per site were randomly selected for thinning to British Columbia Ministry of Forests specifications. Crop tree diameter at breast height and mortality from all causes were recorded at establishment and periodically thereafter up to 19 years post-thinning. Logistic regression analysis of mortality rates showed significant differences among root disease pathogens, between planted and natural stands, and among ecological zones. Yet over all sites, differences between thinned and control plots were not significant. At the final assessment, crop tree basal area was higher in thinned than in control plots at 10 of 11 sites. Root disease, including infected and dead trees and other lethal biotic and abiotic agents, reduced potential yield in both treatments (thinned and control). At several Armillaria sites, mortality was slightly to substantially higher in thinned than in control plots, suggesting that thinning can increase the amount and potential of inoculum which may continue to adversely impact productivity of those stands. Recommendations for silvicultural management of the three root diseases are discussed.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Olika organismer som orsakar röta
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 25-32
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 36. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
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Planering och modellering
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 211-222
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 37. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Presence of Heterobasidion infections in Norway spruce stumps after treatment six years earlier with Phlebiopsis gigantea
- 2012
-
Ingår i: Forest Pathology. - : Wiley. - 1437-4781 .- 1439-0329. ; 42, s. 144-149
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Natural colonization by the root and butt rot causing fungi Heterobasidion spp. on Norway spruce (Picea abies) stumps following thinning and treatment with the biological control agent Phlebiopsis gigantea was investigated on three sites in southern Sweden 6 years after treatment. The fully treated stumps and control stumps were excavated and sampled to compare the survival of Heterobasidion spp. in the long term. Six years post-treatment, 47 and 11% of untreated and treated stumps, respectively, had Heterobasidion infection. There was no difference in the relative infected area in discs collected from the butt and the roots for the different treatments. Control efficacy was 83% for treated stumps. After 6 years, there were no apparent differences between the remaining infections in treated compared with those in untreated stumps regarding the number of colonies, their size or relative infection area. Although infections, 3 months after treatment with P. gigantea, were significantly fewer and smaller than in untreated stumps, Heterobasidion inoculum can survive for at least 6 years in the stump and, when it does, constitute a risk for neighbouring trees.
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| 38. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Problem orsakade av röta
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 21-24
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 39. |
|
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| 40. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Rotticka - Heterobasidion, svampens biologi
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 55-82
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 41. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Röta i Sverige och världen
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 41-44
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
|
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| 42. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Skötsel av rötad granskog
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 191-198
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 43. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
-
Stubbehandling
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 135-175
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 44. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Trädslagets betydelse
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 199-200
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 45. |
- Rönnberg, Jonas
(författare)
-
Vad är röta?
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Rotröta - om rotröta i allmänhet och rotticka på gran i synnerhet. - 9789144071961 ; , s. 15-20
-
Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 46. |
- Rönnberg, Niklas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Designing the user experience of musical sonification in public and semi-public spaces
- 2021
-
Ingår i: SoundEffects. - Århus C, Denmark : Århus Universitet. - 1904-500X. ; 10:1, s. 125-141
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sonification refers to sonic expression of data or information. It is often thought of as an auditory complement, providing additional information about data which can reveal patterns and facilitate interpretation and understanding of the data. Hence, the listening space created by a sonifi cation is always a hybrid where auditory augmentation complements other information modalities and, in some cases, also spatial qualities. In this work, we focus on sonifi cation in public and semi-public spaces, and specifi cally on musical sonifi cation – the use of musical sounds to create a sonic environment, augmenting or complementing a physical shared space. We draw upon established approaches in interaction design to focus our work on the user experience of musical sonifi cation in public and semi-public spaces. Specifi cally, we fi rst identify the experiential qualities of sonic atmosphere and performativity as important aspects of sonifi cation in public and semi-public spaces, then use those experiential qualities generatively in the speculative design of a musical sonifi cation sketch. The design sketch comprises a dynamic musical sonifi cation of air quality data, intending to give citizens an awareness and an enhanced individual and interpersonal understanding of air quality in their city.
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| 47. |
- Rönnberg, Niklas, et al.
(författare)
-
The Sound Challenge to Visualization Design Research
- 2016
-
Ingår i: Proceedings of EmoVis 2016, ACM IUI 2016 Workshop on Emotion and Visualization, Sonoma, CA, USA, March 10, 2016. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9789176858172 ; , s. 31-34
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper is an introduction to the emotional qualities of sound and music, and we suggest that the visual and the aural modalities should be combined in the design of visualizations involving emotional expressions. We therefore propose that visualization design should incorporate sonic interaction design drawing on musicology, cognitive neuroscience of music, and psychology of music, and identify what we see as key research challenges for such an approach.
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| 48. |
- Rönnberg, Niklas, 1973-, et al.
(författare)
-
Traces Of Modal Synergy : Studying Interactive Musical Sonificationof Images in General-Audience Use
- 2019
-
Ingår i: The 25th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD 2019). - Newcastle upon Tyne, UK : Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Northumbria University. - 0967090466 - 9780967090467 ; , s. 199-206
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Photone is an interactive installation combining color images with musical sonification. The musical expression is generated based on the syntactic (as opposed to semantic) features of an image as it is explored by the userﾒs pointing device, intending to catalyze a holistic user experience we refer to as modal synergy where visual and auditory modalities multiply rather than add. We collected and analyzed two months' worth of data from visitorsﾒ interactions with Photone in a public exhibition at a science center. Our results show that a small proportion of visitors engaged in sustained interaction with Photone, as indicated by session times. Among the most deeply engaged visitors, a majority of the interaction was devoted to visually salient objects, i.e., semantic features of the images. However, the data also contains instances of interactive behavior that are best explained by exploration of the syntactic features of an image, and thus may suggest the emergence of modal synergy.
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| 49. |
- Sherwood, Patrick, et al.
(författare)
-
Control of Heterobasidion in Norway Spruce Stands: The Impact of Stump Cover on Efficacy of Urea and Phlebiopsis gigantea and Implications for Forest Management
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4907. ; 12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study investigated the efficacy of Rotstop, a native Latvian Phlebiopsis gigantea strain and 35% urea solution in combination with a stump cover treatment to control against natural spore infection by Heterobasidion spp. upon precommercial thinning of Norway spruce in three stands growing on former agricultural lands. The major findings were that (i) infection rates of Heterobasidion spp. on stumps treated with the native P. gigantea strain, Rotstop or urea are similar when stumps are uncovered, and (ii) stump cover promotes stump colonization by the Latvian P. gigantea strain and Rotstop, leading to a significantly smaller relative area colonized by Heterobasidion spp., as well greater efficiency against Heterobasidion in comparison with urea. Covering of stumps appears beneficial for controlling Heterobasidion stump colonization and may be valuable to forest owners if used in small-scale operations, but it is impractical in automatized thinnings, where managers should consider using regular Rotstop without covering the stumps.
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| 50. |
- Svensson, Åsa, 1988-, et al.
(författare)
-
Automation, teamwork, and the feared loss of safety : Air traffic controllers’ experiences and expectations on current and future ATM systems
- 2021
-
Ingår i: 32nd European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics: Designing Virtual and Physical Interactive Systems, ECCE 2021. - New York, NY, USA : ACM Digital Library. - 9781450387576 ; , s. -8
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In various control systems, automation is implemented to increase efficiency and safety. With increased automation, it becomes increasingly relevant to view the automation as a team member, rather than as a tool. In best cases, human-automation teamwork keeps workload within acceptable limits, increase situation awareness, and keeps the operator in the control loop. However, human-automation teamwork will only flourish if the automation is developed with the human operator in mind. Therefore, investigations of the current experiences and expectations regarding automation and teamwork are important for the development of automation. Through a questionnaire among Air Traffic Controllers (ATCOs), the present study aims to investigate how ATCOs perceive automation and safety in current and future air traffic control systems and the importance of different teamwork factors for human-human and human-automation collaboration. The results indicate that the ATCOs believe that safety will increase in the future along with increasing automation as long as the automation is working as expected. The ATCOs expressed a fear of deskilling and losing situation awareness with automation, a fear associated with a new ATCO role of monitoring the system and take over when the automation fails. The results suggest that design for human-automation teamwork aspects that ATCOs value, such as adaptability or mutual performance monitoring, could be a way forward.
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