| 1. |
- Perez-Nadales, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Predictors of mortality in solid organ transplant recipients with bloodstream infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales : The impact of cytomegalovirus disease and lymphopenia
- 2020
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Ingår i: American Journal of Transplantation. - : WILEY. - 1600-6135 .- 1600-6143. ; 20:6, s. 1629-1641
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Treatment of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections in solid organ transplant recipients is challenging. The objective of this study was to develop a specific score to predict mortality in solid organ transplant recipients with carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales bloodstream infections. A multinational, retrospective (2004-2016) cohort study (INCREMENT-SOT, ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02852902) was performed. The main outcome variable was 30-day all-cause mortality. The INCREMENT-SOT-CPE score was developed using logistic regression. The global cohort included 216 patients. The final logistic regression model included the following variables: INCREMENT-CPE mortality score >= 8 (8 points), no source control (3 points), inappropriate empirical therapy (2 points), cytomegalovirus disease (7 points), lymphopenia (4 points), and the interaction between INCREMENT-CPE score >= 8 and CMV disease (minus 7 points). This score showed an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.76-0.88) and classified patients into 3 strata: 0-7 (low mortality), 8-11 (high mortality), and 12-17 (very-high mortality). We performed a stratified analysis of the effect of monotherapy vs combination therapy among 165 patients who received appropriate therapy. Monotherapy was associated with higher mortality only in the very-high (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.82, 95% CI 1.13-7.06, P = .03) and high (HR 9.93, 95% CI 2.08-47.40, P = .004) mortality risk strata. A score-based algorithm is provided for therapy guidance.
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| 2. |
- Grossmann, Igor, et al.
(författare)
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Insights into the accuracy of social scientists' forecasts of societal change
- 2023
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Ingår i: Nature Human Behaviour. - : Springer Nature. - 2397-3374. ; 7, s. 484-501
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- How well can social scientists predict societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? To answer these questions, we ran two forecasting tournaments testing the accuracy of predictions of societal change in domains commonly studied in the social sciences: ideological preferences, political polarization, life satisfaction, sentiment on social media, and gender-career and racial bias. After we provided them with historical trend data on the relevant domain, social scientists submitted pre-registered monthly forecasts for a year (Tournament 1; N = 86 teams and 359 forecasts), with an opportunity to update forecasts on the basis of new data six months later (Tournament 2; N = 120 teams and 546 forecasts). Benchmarking forecasting accuracy revealed that social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models (historical means, random walks or linear regressions) or the aggregate forecasts of a sample from the general public (N = 802). However, scientists were more accurate if they had scientific expertise in a prediction domain, were interdisciplinary, used simpler models and based predictions on prior data. How accurate are social scientists in predicting societal change, and what processes underlie their predictions? Grossmann et al. report the findings of two forecasting tournaments. Social scientists' forecasts were on average no more accurate than those of simple statistical models.
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| 3. |
- Callegati, F., et al.
(författare)
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Research on Optical Core Networks in the e-Photon/ONe Network of Excellence
- 2006
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Ingår i: 25TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS, VOLS 1-7, PROCEEDINGS IEEE INFOCOM 2006. ; , s. 2987-2991
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This papers reports the advances in optical core networks research coordinated in the framework of the e- photon/ONe and e-photon/ONe+ networks of excellence.
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| 4. |
- Karlsson, Cecilia, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Identification of Proteins Associated with the Early Restoration of Insulin Sensitivity After Biliopancreatic Diversion
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 105:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Context: Insulin resistance (IR) is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, diabetic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biliopancreatic diversion (BPD) is the most effective form of bariatric surgery for improving insulin sensitivity. Objective: To identify plasma proteins correlating with the early restoration of insulin sensitivity after BPD. Design: Prospective single-center study including 20 insulin-resistant men with morbid obesity scheduled for BPD. Patient characteristics and blood samples were repeatedly collected from baseline up to 4 weeks postsurgery. IR was assessed by homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), Matsuda Index, and by studying metabolic profiles during meal tolerance tests. Unbiased proteomic analysis was performed to identify plasma proteins altered by BPD. Detailed plasma profiles were made on a selected set of proteins by targeted multiple reaction monitoring mass spectrometry (MRM/MS). Changes in plasma proteome were evaluated in relation to metabolic and inflammatory changes. Results: BPD resulted in improved insulin sensitivity and reduced body weight. Proteomic analysis identified 29 proteins that changed following BPD. Changes in plasma levels of afamin, apolipoprotein A-IV (ApoA4), and apolipoprotein A-II (ApoA2) correlated significantly with changes in IR. Conclusion: Circulating levels of afamin, ApoA4, and ApoA2 were associated with and may contribute to the rapid improvement in insulin sensitivity after BPD.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Green, Jonathan M. H., et al.
(författare)
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Research priorities for managing the impacts and dependencies of business upon food, energy, water and the environment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Sustainability Science. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1862-4065 .- 1862-4057. ; 12:2, s. 319-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Delivering access to sufficient food, energy and water resources to ensure human wellbeing is a major concern for governments worldwide. However, it is crucial to account for the 'nexus' of interactions between these natural resources and the consequent implications for human wellbeing. The private sector has a critical role in driving positive change towards more sustainable nexus management and could reap considerable benefits from collaboration with researchers to devise solutions to some of the foremost sustainability challenges of today. Yet opportunities are missed because the private sector is rarely involved in the formulation of deliverable research priorities. We convened senior research scientists and influential business leaders to collaboratively identify the top forty questions that, if answered, would best help companies understand and manage their food-energy-water-environment nexus dependencies and impacts. Codification of the top order nexus themes highlighted research priorities around development of pragmatic yet credible tools that allow businesses to incorporate nexus interactions into their decision-making; demonstration of the business case for more sustainable nexus management; identification of the most effective levers for behaviour change; and understanding incentives or circumstances that allow individuals and businesses to take a leadership stance. Greater investment in the complex but productive relations between the private sector and research community will create deeper and more meaningful collaboration and cooperation.
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| 7. |
- Hallin Thompson, L., et al.
(författare)
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Adrenalectomy for incidental and symptomatic phaeochromocytoma : retrospective multicentre study based on the Eurocrine® database
- 2021
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Ingår i: The British journal of surgery. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1365-2168 .- 0007-1323. ; 108:10, s. 1199-1206
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Phaeochromocytoma is sometimes not diagnosed before surgery and may present as an adrenal incidentaloma. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in clinical presentation and perioperative outcome in patients with subclinical and symptomatic phaeochromocytoma, and in patients operated with and without preoperative α-blockade. METHODS: This was a retrospective observational study of patients with a histopathological diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma registered in Eurocrine®, the European registry for endocrine tumours, between 1 January 2015 and 31 March 2020. Patient characteristics, clinical presentation, tumour detection, and perioperative variables were analysed. RESULTS: Some 551 patients were included. Of these, 486 patients (88.2 per cent) had a preoperative diagnosis of phaeochromocytoma. Tumours were detected as incidentalomas in 239 patients (43.4 per cent) and 265 (48.1 per cent) had a preoperative diagnosis of hypertension. Preoperative α-blockade was more frequently used in patients with a known phaeochromocytoma (350, 90.9 per cent) than in patients with other indications for adrenalectomy (16, 31 per cent). Complications did not differ between patients who had surgery because of catecholamine excess compared with those who had other indications for surgery (19 (3.9 per cent) versus 2 (3 per cent); P = 0.785), nor did the conversion rate from minimally invasive to open surgery differ between the groups. There were no obvious differences in complications, according to the Clavien-Dindo classification, based on preoperative α-blockade or not. CONCLUSION: Subclinical phaeochromocytoma detected incidentally is common. A significant proportion of patients with phaeochromocytoma did not have α-blockade before surgery, without an apparent effect on complications.
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| 8. |
- Khorsandi, B. M., et al.
(författare)
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Survivable BBU hotel placement in a C-RAN with an optical WDM transport
- 2017
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Ingår i: DRCN 2017 - 13th International Conference on Design of Reliable Communication Networks. - : Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). - 9783800743834
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Centralized Radio Access Networks (C-RANs) Baseband Units (BBUs) are decoupled from Remote Radio Units (RRUs) and placed in BBU Hotels. In this way baseband processing resources can be shared among RRUs, providing opportunities for radio coordination and cost/energy savings. However, the failure of a BBU Hotel can affect a large number of RRUs creating severe outages in the radio network. For this reason, the design of a resilient C-RAN is extremely important. This paper focuses on the survivable BBU Hotel placement problem in C-RANs with an optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transport. We first propose an algorithm that jointly decides (i) the placement of a minimum number of BBU Hotels and (ii) solves the Routing and Wavelength Assignment (RWA) problem for the fronthaul connections, ensuring that each RRU is connected to two different BBU Hotels (i.e., one primary and one backup). Then, we present a strategy for maximizing the sharing of backup BBU ports among RRUs, with the aim of reducing the total cost of the C-RAN while guaranteeing uninterrupted service provisioning in case of single BBU Hotel failure. Simulation results show that the proposed strategy helps reducing the overall C-RAN cost. On the other hand, it becomes also evident that the sharing benefits can be maximized only in the presence of a transport network with enough wavelength resources to handle potential bottlenecks that may occur when BBU Hotels are placed quite far from RRUs.
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| 9. |
- Licciardello, M., et al.
(författare)
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Performance evaluation of abstraction models for orchestration of distributed data center networks
- 2017
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Ingår i: 2017 19th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON). - : IEEE Computer Society. - 9781538608586
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Cloud computing is increasingly based on geographically distributed data centers interconnected by high performance networks. Application of Software Defined Networking (SDN) is studied as an emerging solution to support dynamic network resource management for distributed data centers (DCs) jointly with extensive use of Network Function Virtualization (NFV). SDN/NFV operation takes advantage of orchestration of network control functions according to distributed DCs communication needs. Orchestration relies on a set of logical information related to the underlying infrastructure, called abstraction, which offers different levels of visibility of available resources, depending on the abstraction strategy adopted.
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| 10. |
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| 11. |
- Musholt, TJ, et al.
(författare)
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Accreditation of endocrine surgery units
- 2019
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Ingår i: Langenbeck's archives of surgery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1435-2451 .- 1435-2443. ; 404:7, s. 779-793
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 12. |
- Raffaelli, Carla, et al.
(författare)
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Photonics in switching : Architectures, systems and enabling technologies
- 2008
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Ingår i: Computer Networks. - : Elsevier BV. - 1389-1286 .- 1872-7069. ; 52:10, s. 1873-1890
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes recent research activities and results in the area of photonic switching carried out within the Virtual Department on Switching (VDS) of the European e-Photon/ONe Network of Excellence. Contributions from outstanding European research groups in this field are collected to offer a platform for future research in optical switching. The paper contains the main topics related to network scenarios, switch architectures and experiments, with an effort to investigate synergies and challenging opportunities for collaboration and integration of research expertise in the field.
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| 13. |
- Vatansever, Safa, et al.
(författare)
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Robot-assisted versus conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy : Results from the EUROCRINE Surgical Registry
- 2022
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Ingår i: Surgery (United States). - : Elsevier BV. - 0039-6060. ; 171:5, s. 1224-1230
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Adrenalectomy is routinely performed via the minimally invasive approach. Safety of adrenalectomy using the robot-assisted technique has been widely demonstrated by several series, but the literature is scarce regarding the comparison of conventional laparoscopic versus robot-assisted approach. We decided to carry out a multicenter study to compare clinical and surgical outcomes between laparoscopic and robotic adrenalectomy. Methods: This is a retrospective case-control study, including data from centers affiliated to the Surgical Registry EUROCRINE. Patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for adrenal tumors and registered between 2015 and 2018 were included. Robot-assisted versus laparoscopic adrenalectomy was compared. All comparisons were carried out in terms of complication rate, conversion rate and duration of stay. Results: A total of 1,005 patients from 46 clinics underwent robotic or conventional laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Median age was 55 (interquartile range: 45−65) years. Robotic adrenalectomy was performed in 189 (18.8%) patients. According to Clavien-Dindo classification, complication rate was lower in the robotic surgery group (1.6% vs 16.5%, P <.001). Laparoscopic surgery and active hormonal status were significantly correlated with complications, both in univariate and multivariate analysis. There was no significant difference between laparoscopic and robotic surgery groups, in terms of conversion rate (2.1% vs 0.5%, respectively, P =.147). Duration of stay was shorter in the robotic adrenalectomy group (82.1% vs 28.8%, P <.001). Conclusion: Analysis of the EUROCRINE database supports that robotic adrenalectomy resulted in a lower complication rate and shorter duration of stay, compared with laparoscopic adrenalectomy. Granular data to support this is warranted.
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