| 1. |
- Namazkar, Shahla, 1986-, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and dermal bioaccessibility of residua - and listed PFAS ingredients in cosmetic products
- 2024
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Ingår i: Environmental Science. - 2050-7887 .- 2050-7895. ; 26:2, s. 259-268
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As a large group of chemicals with diverse properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have found extensive application throughout consumer products, including cosmetics. Little is known about the importance of dermal uptake as a human exposure pathway for PFAS. Here we investigate a suite of listed-ingredient and residual PFAS in cosmetic products, along with their dermal bioaccessibility using in vitro incubations with artificial sweat. Concentrations of volatile listed ingredients (including cyclic perfluorinated alkanes, perfluorinated ethers, and polyfluorinated silanes) in three products ranged from 876–1323 μg g−1, while polar listed ingredients (i.e., polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters [PAPs]) in a single product occurred at up to 2427 μg g−1 (6 : 2/6 : 2 diPAP)). Residual perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were also measured at concentrations ranging from 0.02–29 μg g−1. When listed ingredients were included, our targeted analysis accounted for up to 103% of the total fluorine, while highlighting ambiguous and/or incorrect International Nomenclature of Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI) names used in several products. Bioaccessibility experiments revealed that residual PFCAs readily partitioned to artificial sweat (bioaccessible fractions ranging from 43–76% for detectable substances) while listed ingredients (i.e., PAPs and neutral/volatile PFAS) displayed negligible partitioning. This work provides new insight into the occurrence of PFAS in cosmetic products, while furthering our understanding on their mechanisms of dermal uptake.
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| 2. |
- Namazkar, Shahla, et al.
(författare)
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Characterization and dermal bioaccessibility of residual- and listed PFAS ingredients in cosmetic products
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- As a large group of chemicals with diverse properties, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have found extensive application throughout consumer products, including cosmetics. Little is known about the importance of dermal uptake as a human exposure pathway for PFAS. Here we investigate a suite of listed-ingredient and residual PFAS in cosmetic products, along with their dermal bioaccessibility using in vitro incubations with artificial sweat. Concentrations of volatile listed ingredients (including cyclic perfluorinated alkanes, perfluorinated ethers, and polyfluorinated silanes) in three products ranged from 876-1323 µg/g, while polar listed ingredients (i.e., polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters [PAPs]) in a single product occurred at up to 2427 µg/g (6:2/6:2 diPAP)). Residual perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were also measured at concentrations ranging from 0.02-29.31 µg/g. When listed ingredients were included, our targeted analysis accounted for up to 103% of the total fluorine, while highlighting ambiguous and/or incorrect International Nomenclature Cosmetic Ingredient (INCI) names used in several products. Bioaccessibility experiments revealed that residual PFCAs readily partitioned to artificial sweat (bioaccessible fractions ranging from 43 – 76% for detectable substances) while listed ingredients (i.e., PAPs and neutral/volatile PFAS) displayed negligible partitioning. This work provides new insight into the occurrence of PFAS in cosmetic products, while furthering our understanding on their mechanisms of dermal uptake.
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| 3. |
- Oresic, Matej, 1967-, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to environmental contaminants is associated with sex-specific disturbances of hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- 2021
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Ingår i: Journal of Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 75:Suppl. 2, s. S605-S606
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Background and aims: Liver has a vital role in metabolism, distribution, and excretion of exogenous chemicals. The endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) may act as a‘second hit’in the progression of NAFLD, advancing the earlier stages of liver pathology such as steatosis to more severe stages. A specific class of ECDs that have been linked with NAFLD are perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), a class of commonly used industrial chemicals that humans are widelyexposed to. Due to the their structural similarity with fatty acids, PFAS may disrupt hepatic lipid metabolism. Furthermore, functionally, PFAS share some features with bile acids, including similar enterohepatic circulation. Nevertheless, human data linking PFAS exposure and lipid metabolism in the liver are currently lacking. The principal aim of our study was to define the impact of PFAS exposure on hepatic metabolism, with specific focus on bile acid and lipid metabolism.Method: In a well-characterized human NAFLD cohort of 105 individuals, we investigated the impact of PFAS exposure on liver metabolism in the individuals with NAFLD. Average BMI was 45.65 ± 5.99 kg/m2, with liver fat content varying between 0% and 80%. We comprehensively characterized both hepatic (liver biopsy) and serum metabolome using four analytical platforms, and measured PFAS in serum. We investigated the association between the NAFLD (liver fat %, NASH grade, fibrosis stage, insulin resistance), PFAS exposure, and metabolome.Results: PFAS exposurewas associated with NAFLD (Figure) as well as with changes in hepatic lipid and bile acid metabolism. Importantly, we observed sex-specific association between chemical exposure and NAFLD, linked with sex-specific changes in both hepatic and circulating metabolome. We noticed differences not only in the exposure profiles between the males and females, but, notably, also the impact of the exposure, as characterized both with the impact on metabolome but also on clinical parameters was clearly different between the males and females.Conclusion: Our results implicate that females may be more sensitive to the harmful impacts of PFAS. The results also suggest that the changes reported in the lipid metabolism due to PFAS exposure may be secondary to the interplay of PFAS and bile acids
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| 4. |
- Sen, Partho, 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Exposure to environmental contaminants is associated with altered hepatic lipid metabolism in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Hepatology. - : Elsevier. - 0168-8278 .- 1600-0641. ; 76:2, s. 283-293
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background & aims: Recent experimental models and epidemiological studies suggest that specific environmental contaminants (ECs) contribute to the initiation and pathology of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the underlying mechanisms linking EC exposure with NAFLD remain poorly understood and there is no data on their impact on the human liver metabolome. Herein, we hypothesized that exposure to ECs, particularly perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), impacts liver metabolism, specifically bile acid metabolism.Methods: In a well-characterized human NAFLD cohort of 105 individuals, we investigated the effects of EC exposure on liver metabolism. We characterized the liver (via biopsy) and circulating metabolomes using 4 mass spectrometry-based analytical platforms, and measured PFAS and other ECs in serum. We subsequently compared these results with an exposure study in a PPARa-humanized mouse model.Results: PFAS exposure appears associated with perturbation of key hepatic metabolic pathways previously found altered in NAFLD, particularly those related to bile acid and lipid metabolism. We identified stronger associations between the liver metabolome, chemical exposure and NAFLD-associated clinical variables (liver fat content, HOMA-IR), in females than males. Specifically, we observed PFAS-associated upregulation of bile acids, triacylglycerols and ceramides, and association between chemical exposure and dysregulated glucose metabolism in females. The murine exposure study further corroborated our findings, vis-à-vis a sex-specific association between PFAS exposure and NAFLD-associated lipid changes.Conclusions: Females may be more sensitive to the harmful impacts of PFAS. Lipid-related changes subsequent to PFAS exposure may be secondary to the interplay between PFAS and bile acid metabolism.Lay summary: There is increasing evidence that specific environmental contaminants, such as perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS), contribute to the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it is poorly understood how these chemicals impact human liver metabolism. Here we show that human exposure to PFAS impacts metabolic processes associated with NAFLD, and that the effect is different in females and males.
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| 5. |
- Suman, Sigridur G., et al.
(författare)
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Synthesis of mixed salts of the [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(SCN)6-n(L)n](4+n)− anion (n = 0–2); structures of [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(SCN)5(CH3CN)]3−, [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(CN)5]3−, and [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(CN)2(O)]2−, and probing the ligand exchange of thiocyanate and cyanide
- 2021
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Ingår i: Polyhedron. - : Elsevier BV. - 0277-5387. ; 209
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aqueous coordination of cyanide and verification of the composition of the resulting coordination compound is important to ensure confidence in its coordination. Isothiocyanato compounds 1–7 were synthesized employing different synthetic routes and the complex, [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(SCN)5(CH3CN)]3−, 4, was structurally characterized. Ligand exchange reaction of 4 with cyanide forms 8, a cyano complex. Complex 8 was isolated as an organosoluble salt and fully characterized and confirmed as the major product formed in the aqueous ligand exchange reaction of 4–7 with cyanide. The crystal structure of 8 revealed the unusual [Mo2O2(μ-S)2(CN)5]3− anion where the two molybdenum(V) centers are unsymmetrically coordinated. A second unsymmetric cyano complex [Mo2O3(μ-S)2(CN)2]2− 9, presumed hydrolysis product from an aqueous reaction, was isolated and structurally characterized revealing one square pyramidal Mo center and one tetrahedral Mo center in the binuclear core. Attempts to quantify the first order dissociative ligand substitution rate of thiocyanate in 4 to form 8 using the stopped-flow method gave an estimated minimum rate constant of 70 s−1. This confirms that the exchange reaction is sufficiently fast to be useful in aqueous coordination of cyanide.
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