| 1. |
- Lin, C., et al.
(författare)
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Study on probabilistic mean features of lower and upper free-surface profiles and velocity fields of a highly fluctuating free jet over a chute
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Marine Science and Technology (Taiwan). - : National Taiwan Ocean University. - 1023-2796. ; 26:3, s. 309-326
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An optic-based method that utilizes the particle-laden images captured during high-speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV) measurements is presented, aiming to explore the probabilistic mean characteristics of the free surface profiles and velocity fields of a free jet with high-frequency random fluctuations over a chute. The technique based on the gray-level gradients in the smoothed gray level distribution of the contrast-enhanced images is used to determine the probabilistic mean features of the free jet, right beneath and above which the water-air interfaces have I%/(100 I)% intermittent appearance of air/water phase and (100 I)% /I% fitful show-up of water/air phase. Further, the cross-correlation calculation for HSPIV measurements is employed to obtain the instantaneous and probabilistic mean velocity fields of the free jet. A target experiment of the free jet having a mean water-depth of 2.76 cm and a Froude number of 3.92 over a 17 chute model is performed in a re-circulating water channel to demonstrate the application of this method. The entire process for obtaining the probabilistic mean positions of the free surface profiles is elucidated step-by step. The lower/upper part of the free surface changing from the height at which the possibility of intermittent appearance of water phase is 3%/97%, via the counterpart for 50%/50%, to that for 97%/ 3% is identified precisely. In addition, the probabilistic mean velocity field is further categorized into the conditionally and overall time-averaged ones. Each streamwise velocity profile in the conditionally time-averaged velocity field is fairly uniform. However, the counterpart in the overall time-averaged velocity field evidently shows the non-uniform feature with prominent velocity gradient in the lower/upper part between the height at which the possibility of intermittent appearance of water phase is 3%/97% and the counterpart is 97%/3%.
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| 2. |
- Lin, C., et al.
(författare)
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Velocity characteristics in boundary layer flow caused by solitary wave traveling over horizontal bottom
- 2016
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Ingår i: Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science. - : Elsevier. - 0894-1777 .- 1879-2286. ; 76, s. 238-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The characteristics of horizontal velocity in the bottom boundary-layer flow induced by a solitary wave propagating over a horizontal bottom are presented experimentally, using high-speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV). The ratio of wave height to water depth varies from 0.096 to 0.386 and the flow inside the boundary layer is laminar. The results show that the horizontal velocity profiles can be mainly classified into two categories with respect to the passing of the solitary wave-crest at the measuring section: the pre-passing (or acceleration) phases under favorable pressure gradient and post-passing (or deceleration) phases under adverse pressure gradient. For the velocity distributions obtained during the pre-passing phases, a nonlinear regression analysis was used to precisely determine the time-dependent characteristic length and velocity scales underlying these profiles. A similarity profile of the horizontal velocity is established first using the time-dependent free-stream velocity and boundary layer thickness as the characteristic velocity and length scales, respectively. In addition, the displacement thickness, the momentum thickness, and the energy thickness are also considered as alternative length scales. All these four representative thicknesses are closely related to each other, demonstrating that any one amongst them can be regarded as the characteristic length scale. The forms of similarity profiles for the non-dimensional velocity distributions are somewhat analogous to the results of steady boundary layer flow over a thin plate under with pressure gradient, but with different coefficients or powers. While during the post-passing phases, flow reversal which acts like an unsteady wall jet and moves in the opposite direction against the wave propagation occurs after the passage of solitary wave-crest. The thickness of flow reversal layer increases with time. A similarity profile is proposed for the velocity distributions corresponding to occurrence of the extreme value in the maximum negative velocity of flow reversal. Variations of the maximum negative velocity and the thickness of flow reversal with the time right after the start of flow reversal are also discussed in detail. Moreover, the non-dimensional time leads of the horizontal velocities at different heights in the boundary layer over the free-stream velocity are evidenced to be more noticeable toward the bottom, and also in lower ratio of wave height to water depth. A similarity profile for the non-dimensional time lead versus the non-dimensional height above the bottom surface is also presented.
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| 3. |
- Yang, James, adj prof, et al.
(författare)
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Application of SIM, HSPIV, BTM, and BIV techniques for evaluations of a two-phase air-water chute aerator flow
- 2018
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Ingår i: Water. - : MDPI AG. - 2073-4441. ; 10:11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Four image-based techniques-i.e., shadowgraphic image method (SIM), high-speed particle image velocimetry (HSPIV), bubble tracking method (BTM), and bubble image velocimetry (BIV)-are employed to investigate an aerator flow on a chute with a 17° inclination angle. The study focuses on their applications to the following issues: (1) to explore the characteristic positions of three water-air interfaces; (2) to interpret the evolution process of air bubbles shed from the wedged tip of the air cavity; (3) to identify the probabilistic means for characteristic positions near the fluctuating free surface; (4) to explore the probability distribution of intermittent appearance of air bubbles in the flow; (5) to obtain the mean streamwise and transverse velocity distributions of the water stream; (6) to acquire velocity fields, both instantaneous and mean, of air bubbles; (7) to construct a two-phase mean velocity field of both water flow and air-bubbles; and (8) to correlate the relationship among the probability distribution of air bubbles, the mean streamwise and transverse velocity profiles of air bubbles, and water stream. The combination of these techniques contributes to a better understanding of two-phase flow characteristics of the chute aerator.
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