| 1. |
- Baker, Laura A., et al.
(författare)
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Antisocial behavior : gene-environment interplay
- 2012
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Ingår i: Principles of psychiatric genetics. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9780521896498 - 9781139025997 ; , s. 145-159
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 2. |
- Baker, Laura A., et al.
(författare)
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Genetics and crime
- 2010
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Ingår i: The SAGE handbook of criminological theory. - Los Angeles : Sage Publications. - 9781412920384 - 9781446200926 ; , s. 21-39
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 3. |
- Baker, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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Resting heart rate and the development of antisocial behavior from age 9 to 14 : genetic and environmental influences
- 2009
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Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 21:3, s. 939-960
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The genetic and environmental basis of a well-replicated association between antisocial behavior (ASB) and resting heart rate was investigated in a longitudinal twin study, based on two measurements between the ages of 9 and 14 years. ASB was defined as a broad continuum of externalizing behavior problems, assessed at each occasion through a composite measure based on parent ratings of trait aggression, delinquent behaviors, and psychopathic traits in their children. Parent ratings of ASB significantly decreased across age from childhood to early adolescence, although latent growth models indicated significant variation and twin similarity in the growth patterns, which were explained almost entirely by genetic influences. Resting heart rate at age 9-10 years old was inversely related to levels of ASB but not change patterns of ASB across age or occasions. Biometrical analyses indicated significant genetic influences on heart rate during childhood, as well as ASB throughout development from age 9 to 14. Both level and slope variation were significantly influenced by genetic factors. Of importance, the low resting heart rate and ASB association was significantly and entirely explained by their genetic covariation, although the heritable component of heart rate explained only a small portion (1-4%) of the substantial genetic variance in ASB. Although the effect size is small, children with low resting heart rate appear to be genetically predisposed toward externalizing behavior problems as early as age 9 years old.
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| 4. |
- Baker, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic and environmental etiology of internalizing and externalizing behavior in adolescent twins
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 41:6, s. 927-927
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Comorbidity between internalizing (anxious, depressive) and externalizing (aggressive, delinquent) behavior is a well-established and common clinical reality throughout the lifespan, but perhaps becomes more significance in adolescence, when individuals are awarded more freedom. However, the genetic and environmental etiology of this comorbidity has rarely been examined in a behavioral genetic setting, especially during the period of adolescence. Additionally, research suggests that while caregivers may be more reliable reporters of externalizing behavior in youth, youth themselves are more reliable reporters of internalizing symptoms, raising the question of how different raters affect data patterns. Using the parent report Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) as well as the youth report version (Youth Self Report—YSR), this research uses a twin study design to examine the etiology of coexisting internalizing and externalizing symptoms in mid adolescence (age 14–16 years) using a common pathway model that examined all data concurrently. Female comorbidity was accounted for by genetic and shared environmental influences, and male comorbidity by shared environmental influences, exclusively. Genetic influences emerged for all but self-report male externalizing behavior. Every scale showed unique influences as well, some of which were correlated between same-rater scales (e.g. parent report internalizing and externalizing), suggesting that some of the influences on covariation are rater-specific. These results contribute to our understanding of the nature of comorbid psychological disorders during adolescence, and suggest the importance of shared environment to the development of both internalizing and externalizing behavior
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| 5. |
- Baker, Laura, et al.
(författare)
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The Southern California twin register at the University of Southern California : III
- 2013
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 16:1, s. 336-343
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Southern California Twin Register at the University of Southern California (USC) was initiated in 1984 and continues to provide an important resource for studies investigating genetic and environmental influences on human behavior. This article provides an update on the current register and its potential for future twin studies using recruitment through school district databases and voter records. An overview is also provided for an ongoing longitudinal twin study investigating the development of externalizing psychopathology from childhood to young adulthood, the USC Study of Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior. Characteristics of the twins and their families are presented, including recruitment and participation rates, as well as attrition analyses and a summary of key findings to date.
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| 6. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget, et al.
(författare)
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DISPOSITIONAL FACTORS ACCOUNTING FOR THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LOW RESTING HEART RATE IN CHILDHOOD AND LATER ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR : A TRIARCHIC MODEL ANALYSIS USING LONGITUDINAL-STUDY DATA
- 2020
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Inc.. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 57:S1, s. S76-S76
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There has been a longstanding interest in autonomic activity in relation to criminal deviancy, antisocial behavior (ASB), and psychopathy. Among the autonomic measures studied to date, considerable evidence supports low rest-ing heart rate (HR) early in life as one of the most robust predictors of later ASB (Farrington, 1997). Some studies have examined stimulation seeking and fearlessness as possible trait factors accounting for the low HR/ASB rela-tionship (Hammerton et al., 2017; Portnoy et al., 2014; Sijstema et al., 2010), but the individual difference basis of this relationship remains unclear. The current study tested for associations of resting HR at ages 9–10 with triarchic psychopathy traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition along with ASB later in life (ages 19–20) among participants (N = 687) from a longitudinal investigation, the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB; Baker et al., 2013) project. Resting HR was negatively associated with both violent and nonviolent behavior, and with externalizing problems more broadly. It was also related negatively to triarchic traits of boldness and disinhibition, with the relationship somewhat stronger for boldness. Importantly, boldness and disinhibition each accounted for significant variance in associations of low resting HR with particular types of ASB. Implications of these findings for our understanding of the nature and bases of the low HR–antisocial behavior relationship will be discussed.
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| 7. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget M., et al.
(författare)
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Pursuing the developmental aims of the triarchic model of psychopathy : Creation and validation of triarchic scales for use in the USC
- 2022
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Ingår i: Development and psychopathology (Print). - : Cambridge University Press. - 0954-5794 .- 1469-2198. ; 34:3, s. 1088-1103
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The triarchic model was advanced as an integrative, trait-based framework for investigating psychopathy using different assessment methods and across developmental periods. Recent research has shown that the triarchic traits of boldness, meanness, and disinhibition can be operationalized effectively in youth, but longitudinal research is needed to realize the model's potential to advance developmental understanding of psychopathy. We report on the creation and validation of scale measures of the triarchic traits using questionnaire items available in the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project, a large-scale longitudinal study of the development of antisocial behavior that includes measures from multiple modalities (self-report, informant rating, clinical-diagnostic, task-behavioral, physiological). Using a construct-rating and psychometric refinement approach, we developed triarchic scales that showed acceptable reliability, expected intercorrelations, and good temporal stability. The scales showed theory-consistent relations with external criteria including measures of psychopathy, internalizing/externalizing psychopathology, antisocial behavior, and substance use. Findings demonstrate the viability of measuring triarchic traits in the RFAB sample, extend the known nomological network of these traits into the developmental realm, and provide a foundation for follow-up studies examining the etiology of psychopathic traits and their relations with multimodal measures of cognitive-affective function and proneness to clinical problems.
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| 8. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget M., et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between resting heart rate and law enforcement involvement : The moderating role of socioeconomic status in a sample of urban youth
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of criminal justice. - : Elsevier. - 0047-2352 .- 1873-6203. ; 82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Resting heart rate (RHR) is a well-established biological risk factor for criminal behavior. However, potential moderating effects of social risk factors like socioeconomic status on this relationship remain unclear. The current study sought to clarify the moderating impact of socioeconomic status on the relation between low RHR in childhood and adolescence and subsequent legal system involvement by young adulthood.Methods: A subset of twins and triplets from the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project (N = 347) were utilized to test hypotheses. Logistic regression analyses were performed to test for a moderating effect of socioeconomic status on the relationship between RHR and later law enforcement involvement (trouble with police, arrest).Results: Resting HR and SES were individually associated with an increased likelihood of being in trouble with the police and being arrested. In addition, RHR and SES in adolescence interacted to predict trouble with the police and arrest history by young adulthood, such that low RHR predicted these outcomes among adolescents who remained in low SES backgrounds.Conclusions: Adolescents who remain in low socioeconomic backgrounds from childhood will be a particularly important group to target in terms of treatment efforts to prevent criminal behavior.
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| 9. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget M., et al.
(författare)
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Role of Triarchic Traits in Relations of Early Resting Heart Rate With Antisocial Behavior and Broad Psychopathology Dimensions in Later Life
- 2023
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Ingår i: Clinical Psychological Science. - : Sage Publications. - 2167-7026 .- 2167-7034. ; 11:1, s. 90-105
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low resting heart rate (HR) is a known risk indicator for the development of antisocial behavior (ASB) and other clinical problems. Stimulation seeking and fearlessness have been explored as factors underlying the HR/ASB relationship, but these have often been conflated, which has complicated interpretation. We examined HR's associations with ASB and other outcomes in terms of biobehavioral traits described by the triarchic model of psychopathy using data (N = 710) from a longitudinal study of ASB risk. Low resting HR in childhood was related to adult ASB, and covariance between ASB and traits of disinhibition and boldness largely accounted for this association. In addition, low childhood HR was related to greater externalizing problems and fewer internalizing problems in adulthood; disinhibition accounted for the former association, and boldness accounted for the latter. Findings indicate a role for both disinhibition and boldness in associations between early HR and later clinical outcomes and have implications for theory and practice.
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| 10. |
- Bertoldi, Bridget, et al.
(författare)
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RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN AUTONOMIC RESPONSES TO FEAR CONDITIONING AND THE TRIARCHIC MODEL OF PSYCHOPATHY : THE MODERATING ROLES OF BOLDNESS
- 2021
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 58:Suppl. 1, s. S45-S45
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- There has been a longstanding interest in relationships between autonomic activity during fear conditioning paradigms and antisocial behavior and psychopathy. A considerable body of work has explored electrodermal and cardiovascular responses both in anticipation of, and in response to, fear conditioning paradigms in antisocial participants (Hare 1965; Hare & Quinn, 1976). However, there is a lack of work exploring these associations in adolescent populations, and how these associations may relate to the triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, 2009). The current study examined relationships between skin conductance responses (SCRs) and heart rate reactivity (HRR) to a countdown task at ages 9– 10, and the triarchic psychopathy traits at ages 9– 10, 14– 15, and 19– 20 in a longitudinal sample (N = 695) of twins from the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB; Baker et al., 2013) project. Children and adolescents high in boldness, both rated by themselves and their parents, demonstrated reduced skin conductance both in anticipation of and in reaction to the loud blast. Similar patterns were also demonstrated for heart rate (HR); children and adolescents high in boldness had less HR change during the countdown, and reduced HRR to the blast itself. Implications of these findings for our understanding of the role of boldness in autonomic reactivity to fear conditioning paradigms will be discussed.
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| 11. |
- Bezdjian, Serena, et al.
(författare)
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Motor Impulsivity During Childhood and Adolescence : A Longitudinal Biometric Analysis of the Go/No-Go Task in 9- to 18-Year-Old Twins
- 2014
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Ingår i: Developmental Psychology. - : American Psychological Association (APA). - 0012-1649 .- 1939-0599. ; 50:11, s. 2549-2557
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the present study, we investigated genetic and environmental effects on motor impulsivity fromchildhood to late adolescence using a longitudinal sample of twins from ages 9 to 18 years. Motorimpulsivity was assessed using errors of commission (no-go errors) in a visual go/no-go task at 4 timepoints: ages 9–10, 11–13, 14–15, and 16–18 years. Significant genetic and nonshared environmentaleffects on motor impulsivity were found at each of the 4 waves of assessment with genetic factorsexplaining 22%–41% of the variance within each of the 4 waves. Phenotypically, children’s averageperformance improved across age (i.e., fewer no-go errors during later assessments). Multivariatebiometric analyses revealed that common genetic factors influenced 12%–40% of the variance in motorimpulsivity across development, whereas nonshared environmental factors common to all time pointscontributed to 2%–52% of the variance. Nonshared environmental influences specific to each time pointalso significantly influenced motor impulsivity. Overall, results demonstrated that although geneticfactors were critical to motor impulsivity across development, both common and specific nonsharedenvironmental factors played a strong role in the development of motor impulsivity across age.
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| 12. |
- Bezdjian, Serena, et al.
(författare)
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The genetic and environmental covariation among psychopathic personality traits, and reactive and proactive aggression in childhood
- 2011
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Ingår i: Child Development. - : Wiley. - 0009-3920 .- 1467-8624. ; 82:4, s. 1267-1281
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigated the genetic and environmental covariance between psychopathic personality traits with reactive and proactive aggression in 9- to 10-year-old twins (N=1,219). Psychopathic personality traits were assessed with the Child Psychopathy Scale (D. R. Lynam, 1997), while aggressive behaviors were assessed using the Reactive Proactive Questionnaire (A. Raine et al., 2006). Significant common genetic influences were found to be shared by psychopathic personality traits and aggressive behaviors using both caregiver (mainly mother) and child self-reports. Significant genetic and nonshared environmental influences specific to psychopathic personality traits and reactive and proactive aggression were also found, suggesting etiological independence among these phenotypes. Additionally, the genetic relation between psychopathic personality traits and aggression was significantly stronger for proactive than reactive aggression when using child self-reports.
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| 13. |
- Dhamija, Devika, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability of startle reactivity and affect modified startle
- 2017
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Ingår i: International Journal of Psychophysiology. - : Elsevier. - 0167-8760 .- 1872-7697. ; 115, s. 57-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Startle reflex and affect-modified startle reflex are used as indicators of defensive reactivity and emotional processing, respectively. The present study investigated the heritability of both the startle blink reflex and affect modification of this reflex in a community sample of 772 twins ages 14–15 years old. Subjects were shown affective picture slides falling in three valence categories: negative, positive and neutral; crossed with two arousal categories: high arousal and low arousal. Some of these slides were accompanied with a loud startling noise. Results suggestedsex differences in meanlevels of startle reflex as well as in proportions of variance explained by genetic and environmental factors. Females had higher mean startle blink amplitudes for each valence-arousal slide category, indicating greater baseline defensive reactivity compared to males. Startle blink reflex in males was significantly heritable (49%), whereas in females, variance was explained primarily by shared environmental factors (53%) and non-shared environmental factors (41%). Heritability of affect modified startle (AMS) was found to be negligible in both males and females. These results suggest sex differences in the etiology of startle reactivity, while questioning the utility of the startle paradigm for understanding the genetic basis of emotional processing.
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| 14. |
- Ericson, Marissa, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental overlap among schizophrenia spectrum endophenotypes and schizophrenia liability during childhood and adolescence
- 2008
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 38:6, s. 625-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objective: In recent years, the p50, p300 amplitude and latency, and Mismatch Negativity (MMN) event related potential components have been proposed as potential endophenoytpes for schizophrenia spectrum disorders on the basis of twin and family studies. To date, there have been no previous studies investigating the genetic overlap between event-related potential indices and schizophenia liability in childhood and adolescence.Method: P50 sensory gating, p300 amplitude and latency, MMN, and schizotypal traits were measured in a community sample of 605 9–11 year old twin pairs. Structural equation modeling was used to quantify the genetic and environmental contributions to the covariance between schizotypal personality and each of the event-related potential endophenotypes.Preliminary Results: Moderate phenotypic correlations were found among the measures, ranging between 0.19 and 0.24, considered for psychophysiological data to be quite strong. Subsequent analyses are currently in progress.
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| 15. |
- Ericson, Marissa, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability and longitudinal stability of schizotypal traits during adolescence
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 41:4, s. 499-511
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The study investigated the genetic and environmental etiology of schizotypal personality traits in a non-selected sample of adolescent twins, measured on two occasions between the ages of 11 and 16 years old. The 22-item Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire- Child version (SPQ-C) was found to be factorially similar to the adult version of this instrument, with three underlying factors (Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal-Affective, and Disorganization). Each factor was heritable at age 11-13 years (h 2 = 42-53%) and 14-16 years old (h 2 = 38-57%). Additive genetic and unique environmental influences for these three dimensions of schizotypal personality acted in part through a single common latent factor, with additional genetic effects specific to both Interpersonal-Affective and Disorganization subscales at each occasion. The longitudinal correlation between the latent schizotypy factor was r = 0.58, and genetic influences explained most of the stability in this latent factor over time (81%). These longitudinal data demonstrate significant genetic variance in schizotypal traits, with moderate stability between early to middle adolescence. In addition to common influences between the two assessments, there were new genetic and non-shared environmental effects that played a role at the later assessment, indicating significant change in schizotypal traits and their etiologies throughout adolescence.
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| 16. |
- Ericson, Marissa, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability and longitudinal stability of schizotypal traits during adolescence and early adulthood
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 39:6, s. 649-649
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The study attempted to clarify further the genetic and environmental etiology of schizotypal personality traits in a sample of MZ and DZ twins drawn from the general population. Though twins were assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire- Child version (SPQ-C), amongst a wealth of other cognitive, psychophysiological, and behavioral measures on four occasions (Wave 1: age 9–11; Wave 2: age 11–12; Wave 3: age 14–15; Wave 4: age 16–18) of an ongoing, longitudinal twin study of personality and aggressive behavior, the current study utilized data from waves 2 and 3.For wave 2, univariate genetic analyses revealed that schizotypal traits are modestly heritable (additive genetic effects ranging from 35 to 49%). Multivariate genetic model fitting results indicated that additive genetic and unique environmental influences acted through a single common latent pathway for cognitive-perceptual, interpersonal-affective and disorganization symptom dimensions of schizotypal personality during early adolescent development. The covariation among the three schizotypy sub-factors could be accounted for by a common ‘schizotypy’ latent factor which was significantly heritable, with additive genetic factors explaining 60% of the latent factor variance. Biometric analyses of wave 3 data are currently in progress. In addition, a significant dearth exists in regards to the longitudinal stability of schizotypy during development. The current study will also estimate the stability of schizotypal traits over approximately 4 years, during a critical time in adolescent development, with the aim of addressing this shortage in the literature
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| 17. |
- Ericson, Marissa, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between executive function and antisocial behavior from age 9-16 : a longitudinal twin study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 41:6, s. 904-904
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Behavioral disinhibition and executive dysfunction (EDF) are two key aspects of self-regulation that serve as risk factors for the development of antisocial behavior (ASB). In spite of the well established correlation between EDF and ASB, we do not yet know (1) the direction of the relationship itself, i.e., whether ASB may be result or cause of EF deficits during development, and (2) the extent to which the relationship is mediated by genetic and environmental factors. Cross-lagged regression models were used to investigate these questions in a longitudinal twin study based on data from two occasions when the twins were age 9–10 (Time 1) and age14–16 (Time 2). Preliminary phenotypic results demonstrated a strong association between EF and ASB at Time 1 (r=.27,p\.01), Time 2 (r=.29,p\.01), and longitudinally (r=.25,p\.01). In addition, ASB at Time 1 also correlated with future EF at Time 2 (r=.24,p\.01), which is, at the very least, suggestive of bi-directional effects. A fully cross-lagged model was found to best fit the data, such that deficits in early EF led to higher rates of later ASB (b12=0.12, Est./S.E.=2.318), and early ASB affected later EF (b21=0.10, Est./S.E.=2.58) while controlling for their pre-existing relationships and stabilities over time. Genetic factors contributed to the variation in EF from ages 9–16 (Time 1: 26%; Time 2: 29%), with no effect of shared environment. For ASB, genetic factors accounted for 43% of the variance during Time 1 and 55% of the variance during Time 2, with the remaining variance being comprised of shared environmental (Time 1: 20%; Time 2: 16%) and non-shared environmental factors (Time 1: 37%; Time 2: 29%). Biometric cross-lagged analyses will be used to examine the genetic and environmental contributions to the direction of effects between EF and ASB; these analyses are currently underway.
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| 18. |
- Fullerton, Angelica F., et al.
(författare)
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Early Childhood Head Injury Attenuates Declines in Impulsivity and Aggression Across Adolescent Development in Twins
- 2019
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Ingår i: Neuropsychology. - : American Psychological Association. - 0894-4105 .- 1931-1559. ; 33:8, s. 1035-1044
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Head injury during development has been associated with behavioral changes such as impulsivity and antisocial behavior. This study investigates the extent to which behavioral changes associated with childhood head injury are sustained through adolescence and emerging adulthood.Method: Survey data was collected at 5 waves spanning 12 years (ages 9-20) from the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior twin study. Impulsivity was measured by errors of commission in a Go/NoGo behavioral task, and aggression was measured through youth self-report using the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire. Head injury was assessed retrospectively using caregiver questionnaires at twin ages 14-15 years and self-reported at ages 19-20 years.Results: Participants with a head injury in early childhood showed significant delay in the normative developmental decline of impulsivity relative to the noninjured by mid-adolescence (ages 14-15.) Moreover, earlier age at injury was related to a slower decrease in impulsivity and greater increase in reactive aggression scores. Finally, among discordant monozygotic twin pairs, the twin with a head injury experienced significantly less decline in impulsivity by ages 19-20 than the noninjured co-twin.Conclusions: These findings indicate early childhood head injury may play a significant role in blunting the decline in impulsivity across development, exposing an additional risk factor for antisocial behavior.
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| 19. |
- Gao, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental influences on frontal EEG asymmetry and alpha power in 9–10 -year-old twins
- 2009
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 46:4, s. 787-796
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Modest genetic influences on frontal EEG asymmetry have been found in adults, but little is known about its genetic origins in children. Resting frontal asymmetry and alpha power were examined in 951 9-10-year-old twins. Results showed that in both males and females: (1) a modest but significant amount of variance in frontal asymmetry was accounted for by genetic factors (11-28%) with the remainder accounted for by non-shared environmental influences, and (2) alpha power were highly heritable, with 71-85% of the variance accounted for by genetic factors. Results suggest that the genetic architecture of frontal asymmetry and alpha power in late childhood are similar to that in adulthood and that the high non-shared environmental influences on frontal asymmetry may reflect environmentally influenced individual differences in the maturation of frontal cortex as well as state-dependent influences on specific measurements.
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| 20. |
- Gao, Yu, et al.
(författare)
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Skin conductance fear conditioning impairments and aggression : a longitudinal study
- 2014
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Ingår i: Psychophysiology. - : Wiley. - 0048-5772 .- 1469-8986. ; 52:2, s. 288-295
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Autonomic fear conditioning deficits have been linked to child aggression and adult criminal behavior. However, it is unknown if fear conditioning deficits are specific to certain subtypes of aggression, and longitudinal research is rare. In the current study, reactive and proactive aggression were assessed in a sample of males and females when aged 10, 12, 15, and 18 years old. Skin conductance fear conditioning data were collected when they were 18 years old. Individuals who were persistently high on proactive aggression measures had significantly poorer conditioned responses at 18 years old when compared to others. This association was not found for reactive aggression. Consistent with prior literature, findings suggest that persistent antisocial individuals have unique neurobiological characteristics and that poor autonomic fear conditioning is associated with the presence of increased instrumental aggressive behavior.
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| 21. |
- Isakovic, Belma, 1994-, et al.
(författare)
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Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis responsivity during adolescence in relation to psychopathic personality traits later in life
- 2023
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Ingår i: Acta Psychologica. - : Elsevier. - 0001-6918 .- 1873-6297. ; 241
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Psychopathic personality traits have been linked to low physiological arousal, particularly among high risk and forensic samples. A core indicator of physiological arousal is the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; however, findings of a link between HPA axis functioning and psychopathic personality traits have been inconsistent. Furthermore, given sex differences in both HPA axis responsivity and psychopathic personality traits, the association may be expected to differ between men and women. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between HPA axis responsivity in mid-adolescence and psychopathic personality traits in early adulthood and determine whether the association was moderated by sex. We examined this link in a general population sample of twins (N = 556). Adolescents participated in a psychosocial stress task during which samples of salivary cortisol were collected (11-15 years) and reported psychopathic personality traits using the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (19-20 years). Multilevel linear regression models were estimated in which psychopathic personality traits (boldness, meanness and disinhibition), and their interactions with sex, were regressed on HPA axis responsivity. The study was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework (osf.io/gs2a8). Preliminary analyses showed that cortisol levels did not increase significantly during the stressor task but decreased during recovery. Results showed that there was no association between HPA axis responsivity in mid-adolescence and psychopathic personality traits in early adulthood. The associations were not moderated by sex. Findings suggest that HPA axis responsivity in mid-adolescence did not serve as a biological marker for psychopathic personality traits among young adults from the general population.
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| 22. |
- Isen, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental Trajectories of Delinquent and Aggressive Behavior : Evidence for Differential Heritability
- 2022
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Ingår i: Child Psychiatry and Human Development. - : Springer. - 0009-398X .- 1573-3327. ; 53:2, s. 199-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The developmental course of antisocial behavior is often described in terms of qualitatively distinct trajectories. However, the genetic etiology of various trajectories is not well understood. We examined heterogeneity in the development of delinquent and aggressive behavior in 1532 twin youth using four waves of data collection, spanning ages 9-10 to 16-18. A latent class growth analysis was used to uncover relevant subgroups. For delinquent behavior, three latent classes emerged: Non-Delinquent, Low-Level Delinquent, and Persistent Delinquent. Liability for persistent delinquency had a substantial genetic origin (heritability = 67%), whereas genetic influences were negligible for lower-risk subgroups. Three classes of aggressive behavior were identified: Non-Aggressive, Moderate, and High. Moderate heritability spanned the entire continuum of risk for aggressive behavior. Thus, there are differences between aggressive behavior and non-aggressive delinquency with respect to heterogeneity of etiology. We conclude that persistent delinquency represents an etiologically distinct class of rule-breaking with strong genetic roots.
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| 23. |
- Isen, Joshua, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability of skin conductance reactivity in children
- 2008
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 38:6, s. 632-632
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study assessed the genetic covariance between various measures of phasic skin conductance activity, including response amplitude and frequency of responding. A few studies have investigated the etiology of skin conductance reactivity (e.g., Lykken et al. Psychophysiology 25:4–15, 1988), but none have been conducted with children. Given that deficits in skin conductance orienting are associated with psychosis-proneness and conduct problems, it is important to understand the genetic and environmental contributions to skin conductance reactivity in children. Subjects for this study were 800 male and female twins, aged 9–10, who passively listened to stimuli during an orienting task. The stimuli consisted of tones of moderate intensity (75 dB), as well as different types of socially meaningful sounds (e.g. baby cries and speech-like stimuli). Skin conductance response magnitude, averaged across all stimuli, was substantially heritable. Genetic modelfitting was used to determine if the variation in reactivity across the different types of stimuli can be explained by a single latent factor. Furthermore, there was a moderate phenotypic correlation between a continuous measure of reactivity (i.e. response amplitude) and a more categorical measure of skin conductance (i.e. frequency of responding). This association was not genetically mediated, suggesting a theoretical distinction between hyporeactivity and nonresponding.
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| 24. |
- Jackson, Nicholas J., et al.
(författare)
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Impact of adolescent marijuana use on intelligence : Results from two longitudinal twin studies
- 2016
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : National Academy of Sciences. - 0027-8424 .- 1091-6490. ; 113:5, s. E500-E508
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Marijuana is one of the most commonly used drugs in the United States, and use during adolescence-when the brain is still developing-has been proposed as a cause of poorer neurocognitive outcome. Nonetheless, research on this topic is scarce and often shows conflicting results, with some studies showing detrimental effects of marijuana use on cognitive functioning and others showing no significant long-term effects. The purpose of the present study was to examine the associations of marijuana use with changes in intellectual performance in two longitudinal studies of adolescent twins (n = 789 and n = 2,277). We used a quasiexperimental approach to adjust for participants' family background characteristics and genetic propensities, helping us to assess the causal nature of any potential associations. Standardized measures of intelligence were administered at ages 9-12 y, before marijuana involvement, and again at ages 17-20 y. Marijuana use was self-reported at the time of each cognitive assessment as well as during the intervening period. Marijuana users had lower test scores relative to nonusers and showed a significant decline in crystallized intelligence between preadolescence and late adolescence. However, there was no evidence of a dose-response relationship between frequency of use and intelligence quotient (IQ) change. Furthermore, marijuana-using twins failed to show significantly greater IQ decline relative to their abstinent siblings. Evidence from these two samples suggests that observed declines in measured IQ may not be a direct result of marijuana exposure but rather attributable to familial factors that underlie both marijuana initiation and low intellectual attainment.
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| 25. |
- Liu, Jianghong, et al.
(författare)
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Cohort Profile Update : The China Jintan Child Cohort Study
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Journal of Epidemiology. - : Oxford University Press. - 0300-5771 .- 1464-3685. ; , s. 1548-1548l
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The China Jintan Child Cohort study began in 2004 with 1656 pre-school participants and a research focus on studying the impact of environmental exposures, such as lead, on children’s neurobehavioural outcomes. This population cohort now includes around 1000 of the original participants, who have been assessed three times over a period of 10 years. Since the original IJE cohort profile publication in 2010, participants have experienced a critical developmental transition from pre-school to school age and then adolescence. The study has also witnessed an increase in breadth and depth of data collection from the original aim of risk assessment. This cohort has added new directions to investigate the mechanisms and protective factors for the relationship between early health factors and child physical and mental health outcomes, with an emphasis on neurobehavioural consequences. The study now encompasses 11 domains, composed of repeated measures of the original variables and new domains of biomarkers, sleep, psychophysiology, neurocognition, personality, peer relationship, mindfulness and family dynamics. Depth of evaluation has increased from parent/teacher report to self/peer report and intergenerational family report. Consequently, the cohort has additional directions to include: (i) classmates of the original cohort participants for peer relationship assessment; and (ii) parental and grandparental measures to assess personality and dynamics within families. We welcome interest in our study and ask investigators to contact the corresponding author for additional information on data acquisition.
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| 26. |
- Liu, Jianghong, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental influences on nutrient intake
- 2013
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Ingår i: Genes & Nutrition. - : Springer. - 1555-8932 .- 1865-3499. ; 8:2, s. 241-252
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The relationship between genetic and the environment represents a pathway to better understand individual variations in nutrition intake and food preferences. However, the present literature is weakened somewhat by methodological flaws (e.g., overreliance on self-report questionnaires), discrepancies in statistical approaches, and inconsistent findings. Little research on this topic to date has included examination of micronutrient intake. The purpose of this study is to improve the existing literature on genetic and environmental influences on energy and nutrient intake by addressing these gaps. Twin pairs (N = 358; age 11-13 years) provided 3-day food intake diaries, which were assessed for intake of total energy, macronutrients, and micronutrients. Structural equation modeling revealed that genetic influences accounted for a significant portion of the total variance in total energy (48 %), macronutrients (35-45 %), minerals (45 %), and vitamins (21 %). Consistent with previous studies, the shared environment appeared to contribute little to nutritional intake. Findings on vitamin and mineral intake are novel and are particularly beneficial for further research on the contribution of micronutrients to individual physical health status. Better understanding of the linkage between genes, environment, and nutritional intake and deficiencies can clarify behavioral and physical outcomes, potentially informing risk reduction, primary prevention, and intervention strategies.
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| 27. |
- Liu, Jianghong, et al.
(författare)
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Medical record validation of maternal recall of pregnancy and birth events from a twin cohort
- 2013
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Ingår i: Twin Research and Human Genetics. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1832-4274 .- 1839-2628. ; 16:4, s. 845-860
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aims to assess the validity of maternal recall for several perinatal variables 8-10 years after pregnancy in a twin sample. Retrospective information was collected 8-10 years after the delivery event in a cohort of mothers from the University of Southern California Twin Study (N = 611) and compared with medical records for validity analysis. Recall of most variables showed substantial to perfect agreement (κ = 0.60-1.00), with notable exceptions for specific medical problems during pregnancy (κ ≤ 0.40) and substance use when mothers provided continuous data (e.g., number of cigarettes per day; r ≤ 0.24). With the exception of delivery method, neonatal intensive care unit admission, birth weight, neonatal information, and post-delivery complications were also recalled with low accuracy. For mothers of twins, maternal recall is generally a valid measure for perinatal variables 10 years after pregnancy. However, caution should be taken regarding variables such as substance use, medical problems, birth length, and post-delivery complications.
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| 28. |
- Liu, Jianghong, et al.
(författare)
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The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire - Child (SPQ-C) : Psychometric properties and relations to behavioral problems with multi-informant ratings
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychiatry Research. - : Elsevier. - 0165-1781 .- 1872-7123. ; 275, s. 204-211
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) is one of the most widely used screening tools for schizotypy in adults. The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Child version (SPQ-C) was recently developed to assess schizotypy in children and has a similar three-factor structure to the adult SPQ (i.e., Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal-Affective, and Disorganization). However, few studies to date have reported on the psychometric properties and the usefulness of the SPQ-C in Eastern populations, including Mainland China. This study presents the first psychometric assessment of the Chinese SPQ-C in Mainland China. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess the factor structure of the SPQ-C in 1668 children (M = 12.10, SD = 0.60 years) from the China Jintan Child Cohort Study. Our findings document a three-factor structure and partial measurement invariance across residential location and gender, replicating the psychometric properties of the SPQ-C in English. The Chinese SPQ-C further correlates with standard behavioral problems (i.e., Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self-Report and Teacher Report Form), demonstrating construct validity and utility as a child psychopathology assessment tool. Our findings provide the first robust psychometric evidence for a three-factor structure of the Chinese SPQ-C in a large Mainland Chinese sample, and suggest that the SPQ-C is suitable as a screening tool for schizotypy in community children who may be at risk for behavioral problems and later psychosis.
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| 29. |
- Niv, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
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Aggression and rule-breaking : heritability and stability of antisocial behavior problems in childhood and adolescence
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of criminal justice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2352 .- 1873-6203. ; 41:5, s. 285-291
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: This twin study examined the structure of genetic and environmental influences on aggression and rule-breaking in order to examine change and stability across the span of childhood to mid-adolescence.Methods: Behavioral assessments were conducted at two time points: age 9-10. years and 14-15. years. Using behavioral genetics biometric modeling, the longitudinal structure of influences was investigated.Results: Aggression and rule-breaking were found to be influenced by a latent common factor of antisocial behavior (ASB) within each wave of data collection. The variance in the childhood-age common factor of ASB was influenced by 41% genetics, 40% shared environment and 19% nonshared environment. In adolescence, 41% of variance in the common factor were novel and entirely genetic, while the remainder of variance was stable across time. Additionally, both aggression and rule-breaking within each wave were found to have unique influences not common across subscales or across waves, highlighting specificity of genetic and environmental effects on different problem behaviors at both ages.Conclusions: This research sheds light on the commonality of influences on different forms of antisocial behavior. Future research into interventions for antisocial behavior problems in youth could focus on adolescence-specific environmental influences.
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| 30. |
- Niv, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood EEG frontal alpha power as a predictor of adolescent antisocial behavior : a twin heritability study
- 2015
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Ingår i: Biological Psychology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-0511 .- 1873-6246. ; 105, s. 72-76
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High EEG frontal alpha power (FAP) is thought to represent a state of low arousal in the brain, which has been related in past research to antisocial behavior (ASB). We investigated a longitudinal sample of 900 twins in two assessments in late childhood and mid-adolescence to verify whether relationships exist between FAP and both aggressive and nonaggressive ASB. ASB was measured by the Child Behavioral Checklist, and FAP was calculated using connectivity analysis methods that used principal components analysis to derive power of the most dominant frontal activation. Significant positive predictive relationships emerged in males between childhood FAP and adolescent aggressive ASB using multilevel mixed modeling. No concurrent relationships were found. Using bivariate biometric twin modeling analysis, the relationship between childhood FAP and adolescent aggressive ASB in males was found to be entirely due to genetic factors, which were correlated r=. 0.22.
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Niv, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
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Heritability and longitudinal stability of impulsivity in adolescence
- 2012
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 42:3, s. 378-392
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Impulsivity is a multifaceted personality construct that plays an important role throughout the lifespan in psychopathological disorders involving self-regulated behaviors. Its genetic and environmental etiology, however, is not clearly understood during the important developmental period of adolescence. This study investigated the relative influence of genes and environment on self-reported impulsive traits in adolescent twins measured on two separate occasions (waves) between the ages of 11 and 16. An adolescent version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS) developed for this study was factored into subscales reflecting inattention, motor impulsivity, and non-planning. Genetic analyses of these BIS subscales showed moderate heritability, ranging from 33-56% at the early wave (age 11-13 years) and 19-44% at the later wave (age 14-16 years). Moreover, genetic influences explained half or more of the variance of a single latent factor common to these subscales within each wave. Genetic effects specific to each subscale also emerged as significant, with the exception of motor impulsivity. Shared twin environment was not significant for either the latent or specific impulsivity factors at either wave. Phenotypic correlations between waves ranged from r = 0.25 to 0.42 for subscales. The stability correlation between the two latent impulsivity factors was r = 0.43, of which 76% was attributable to shared genetic effects, suggesting strong genetic continuity from mid to late adolescence. These results contribute to our understanding of the nature of impulsivity by demonstrating both multidimensionality and genetic specificity to different facets of this complex construct, as well as highlighting the importance of stable genetic influences across adolescence.
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Niv, Sharon, et al.
(författare)
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The longitudinal heritability of impulsivity in a sample of child and adolescent twins
- 2009
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Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 39:6, s. 672-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We examined the genetics of impulsive traits in children and adolescents in the Barratt Impulsivity Scale (BIS) in a longitudinal twin study between the ages of 9- and 16-years old. Comparisons of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin correlations suggest a significant heritability to each of the three impulsivity subscales in the BIS, including non-planning, motor impulsivity, and inattention. While a single common factor model fit the data well on two different occasions, some scale specific genetic variance also exists, particularly for inattention and non-planning, suggesting the multifactorial nature of impulsivity. The genetic influence on the common factor of impulsivity was somewhat larger in early adolescence (h2=0.57) than in mid-adolescence (h2=0.42). The relationship of the BIS impulsivity scales to laboratory measures of impulsivity (i.e., errors of commission and reaction times in the NoGo task and risky decision making in the Iowa Gambling Task) will also be investigated, in an effort to understand further the multi-factorial nature of impulsivity and its etiology in children and adolescence. Results from this study can be used to better our understanding of a construct underlying several psychiatric disorders and categories of antisocial or risky behavior.
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| 35. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse perinatal events and offspring criminal convictions in men and women : A population-based study
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of criminal justice. - : Elsevier. - 0047-2352 .- 1873-6203. ; 78
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We examined associations of adverse perinatal events with offspring violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women.Methods: All singleton births between 1973 and 1995 (n =1,146,570 men, n =1,085,217 women) were identified through Swedish population-based registers. Information about adverse perinatal events was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Outcomes were criminal convictions collected from the National Crime Register. We estimated absolute and relative risks of being convicted of criminal convictions using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival analyses for men and women separately. We also tested for differences in magnitudes of associations for men versus women.Results: Several adverse perinatal events were associated with an increased risk of violent and non-violent criminal convictions in both men and women. Associations between low birth weight, smallness relative to gestational age and preterm birth with non-violent criminal convictions were statistically significantly higher for men than for women. There was a dose-dependent association between adverse perinatal events with violent and non-violent criminal convictions for both men and women, indicated by the strengthened magnitude of HR estimates with exposure to an increasing number of adverse perinatal events.Conclusions: Adverse perinatal events are associated with violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women, with some differences in risk estimates between sexes. Findings are compatible with theoretical accounts implicating disruption of the neurodevelopment during the perinatal period.
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| 36. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Adverse perinatal events and offspring criminal convictions in men and women : A population-based study
- 2023
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Ingår i: The Stockholm Criminology Symposium. ; , s. 33-33
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: We examined associations of adverse perinatal events with offspring violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women.Methods: All singleton births between 1973 and 1995 (n = 1,146,570 men, n = 1,085,217 women) were identified through Swedish population-based registers. Information about adverse perinatal events was retrieved from the Medical Birth Register. Outcomes were criminal convictions collected from the National Crime Register. We estimated absolute and relative risks of being convicted of criminal convictions using the Kaplan-Meier method and survival analyses for men and women separately. We also tested for differences in magnitudes of associations for men versus women.Results: Several adverse perinatal events were associated with an increased risk of violent and non–violent criminal convictions in both men and women. Associations between low birth weight, small nessrelative to gestational age and preterm birth with non–violent criminal convictions were statistically significantly higher for men than for women. There was a dose–dependent association between adverse perinatal events with violent and non–violent criminal convictions for both men and women, indicated by the strengthened magnitude of HR estimates with exposure to an increasing number of adverse perinatal events.Conclusions: Adverse perinatal events are associated with violent and non-violent criminal convictions in men and women, with some differences in risk estimates between sexes. Findings are compatible with theoretical accounts implicating disruption of the neurodevelopment during the perinatal period.
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| 37. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, et al.
(författare)
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Interaction of resting heart rate with empathy in predicting externalizing behavior
- 2024
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 46:1, s. 47-61
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Biopsychosocial criminological theories suggest that it is important to consider interactions between risk factors from different domains in the prediction of externalizing behavior. Lower resting heart rate is considered the best replicated biological risk factor for externalizing behavior. The psychological construct of empathy has also shown to be predictive of such behavior, but little is known about the potential interaction between these two different risk factors in predicting externalizing behavior. We examined the moderating role of empathy on the association between resting heart rate in childhood and adolescence with externalizing behavior by young adulthood using two subsets of participants from the Longitudinal Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior project: Subsample 1 (n = 697) at ages 9–10 and 19–20 years and Subsample 2 (n = 394) at ages 14–15 and 19–20 years. Linear and logistic regressions showed that empathy moderated the association between resting heart rate in adolescence and externalizing behavior by young adulthood. Among individuals with low but not high levels of empathy, increased resting heart rate predicted lower levels of externalizing behavior. Interventions enhancing empathic skills in individuals with psychophysiological risk profiles could be beneficial.
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| 38. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Low autonomic arousal as a risk factor for reoffending : A population-based study
- 2021
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Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : PLOS. - 1932-6203. ; 16:8
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Low resting heart rate (RHR) and low systolic blood pressure (SBP) are associated with criminal behavior. However, knowledge is lacking about their predictive value for reoffending.AIM: We aimed to examine associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending in a large population-based sample.METHODS: We conducted a cohort study of all convicted male conscripts born in Sweden 1958-1990 (N = 407,533). We obtained data by linking Swedish population-based registers. Predictor variables were RHR and SBP, measured at conscription which was mandatory until 2010 for men at age 18. The outcome variable was reoffending, defined as criminal convictions (any crime, violent crime and non-violent crime), obtained from the National Crime Register. We used survival analyses to test for associations of RHR and SBP with reoffending, adjusting for pertinent covariates such as socioeconomic status, height, weight and physical energy capacity.RESULTS: In fully adjusted Cox regression models, men with lower RHR (≤60 bpm) had higher risk of reoffending (any crime: HR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19, violent crime: HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.29, non-violent crime: HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.14, 1.19), compared to men with higher RHR (≥ 82 bpm). Men with lower SBP (≤80 mmHg) had higher risk of reoffending (any crime: HR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.17, 1.21, violent crime: HR = 1.16, 95% CI: 1.12, 1.20, non-violent crime: HR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.18, 1.22), compared to men with higher SBP (≥138 mmHg).CONCLUSIONS: Low autonomic arousal is associated with increased risk of reoffending. RHR and SBP should be investigated further as potential predictors for reoffending as they each may have predictive value in risk assessment protocols.
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| 39. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
-
Low autonomic arousal as a risk factor for reoffending : A population-based study
- 2022
-
Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Low resting heart rate (HR) is a well-replicated correlate of antisocial behavior. Previous findings have suggested that low resting HR is associated with criminal offending, psychopathy, conduct problems and aggression. More recent work has also indicated that low systolic blood pressure is associated with an increased risk of criminal offending. However, little is known about the predictive value of low autonomic arousal for reoffending. Thus, the present study examined associations of resting HR and systolic blood pressure with reoffending. We used Swedish population-based registers to conduct a cohort study of all male conscripts born between 1958 and 1990 who had been convicted of a crime (N=407,533). Resting HR and systolic blood pressure was measured at the conscription assessment. Criminal convictions were obtained from the National Crime Register. We used survival analyses to test for associations between resting HR and systolic blood pressure with reoffending while covarying for socioeconomic status, height, weight, physical energy capacity and birth year. A lower resting HR was associated with an increased risk of reoffending for violent and nonviolent crime compared to a higher resting HR. Lower systolic blood pressure was also associated with an increased risk of reoffending for violent and nonviolent crime compared to a higher systolic blood pressure. Low autonomic arousal should be further investigated as a predictor for reoffending as it may help to improve identification of individuals at risk for repeated criminal justice involvement.
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| 40. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Lower autonomic arousal as a risk factor for criminal offending and unintentional injuries among female conscripts
- 2024
-
Ingår i: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 19:3
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Lower autonomic arousal is a well-known correlate of criminal offending and other risk-taking behaviors in men, but few studies have investigated this association in women.AIM: To test associations between autonomic arousal and criminal offending as well as unintentional injuries among female conscripts.METHODS: All women born 1958-1994 in Sweden who participated in voluntary military conscription (n = 12,499) were identified by linking Swedish population-based registers. Predictors were resting heart rate (RHR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP). Covariates were height, weight, and physical energy capacity. Main outcomes were criminal convictions (any, violent, and non-violent) from the National Crime Register. Secondary outcome was unintentional injuries requiring medical treatment or causing death. We used survival analyses to test for associations between predictors and outcomes.RESULTS: Low RHR, relative to high RHR, was associated with an increased risk of any criminal conviction, non-violent criminal convictions, and unintentional injuries. Low SBP, relative to high SBP, was associated with an increased risk of violent criminal convictions.CONCLUSIONS: Results support lower autonomic arousal, particularly lower RHR, as a correlate of criminal offending among women that warrants further examination, as the reported findings have potential implications for the prediction of future female crime.
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| 41. |
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| 42. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Resting Heart Rate and Empathy Interacts in Predicting Law Enforcement Involvement
- 2023
-
Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Lower resting heart rate and lower levels of empathy have independently been associated with an increased risk of antisocial behavior. However, little is known about the potential interaction between resting heart rate and empathy in predicting antisocial behavior. The aim of the current project was to examine the moderating role of empathy in young adulthood on the association between resting heart rate in childhood and antisocial behavior in young adulthood. We utilized two subsamples from the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior Project (n=707, n=616), a longitudinal project with data from five waves. Resting heart rate was measured using disposable electrodes attached to the torso. Empathy was measured using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index with four subscales. Antisocial behavior was defined as law enforcement involvement. After adjusting for potential confounds, results suggest that lower resting heart rate in childhood and lower empathy in young adulthood predict antisocial behavior in young adulthood. Most importantly, empathy in young adulthood moderated the association between resting heart rate in childhood and antisocial behavior in young adulthood. Results indicate that at lower levels of empathy, a lower resting heart rate was associated with increased probability of being in trouble with the police.
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| 43. |
- Oskarsson, Sofi, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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The Mediating and Moderating Role of Sensation-Seeking in the Association between Resting Heart Rate and Antisocial Behavior
- 2024
-
Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505.
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The association between lower resting heart rate and antisocial behavior has been suggested to be mediated by sensation-seeking. However, other theoretical models suggest that sensation-seeking has a moderating influence. This study sought to investigate the interplay between resting heart rate, sensation-seeking and antisocial behavior. Two subsets of participants from the Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior (RFAB) project (n = 690, n = 391) were used. We conducted mediation analyses and logistic regression analyses to test for mediating and moderating effects of sensation-seeking on the association between resting heart rate and antisocial behavior by young adulthood. In general, sensation-seeking partially mediated the association between resting heart rate in childhood as well as adolescence and antisocial behavior by young adulthood. Resting heart rate in childhood and adolescence also interacted with sensation-seeking to predict antisocial behavior by young adulthood, such that a lower resting heart rate increased the odds of antisocial behavior among individuals with higher but not lower levels of sensation-seeking. Our results on a theoretical level suggest that sensation-seeking is important to understand the association between resting heart rate and antisocial behavior. Results further suggest that encouraging prosocial behaviors as a means of fulfilling the need for stimulation in individuals with a psychophysiological risk profile could serve as an effective approach in redirecting their behaviors towards positive outcomes.
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| 44. |
- Owen, Leslie, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental contributions to the underlying factor structure of psychopathic personality traits from childhood to adolescence
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Behavior Genetics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0001-8244 .- 1573-3297. ; 39:6, s. 674-674
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The current study investigated the genetic and environmental contributions to the underlying factor structure of psychopathic personality traits from mid-childhood to adolescence. The participants for the current study were part of the ongoing University of Southern California Twin Study, a longitudinal study that has followed different sets of twins since they were 9- to 10-years old to assess the various risk factors for antisocial behavior (see Baker et al., 2006 for a complete description). Psychopathic personality traits were assessed when the twins were between the ages of 9–10 (Wave 1), 11–13 (Wave 2), and 14–15 (Wave 3) using both a self report and caregiver report of the Child Psychopathy Scale (CPS; Lynam, 1997). To determine if the factor structure found in adults has a similar pattern in childhood, confirmatory factor analyses were run on theoretical two- and three-factor models and a two-factor model reported in an earlier analysis of caregiver reports of each child’s behavior for the first three waves of assessment. Results from both the caregiver report at Wave 1 and the child self-report at Wave 3 suggested the same two-factor structure representing a Deceitful/Manipulative facet and an Impulsive/Irresponsible facet of the psychopathic personality in children to be the best fit to the data. To understand the genetic and environmental contributions to the underlying factor structure across time, a multivariate biometric analysis approach was applied to the twin data to assess additive genetic (A), shared or common environmental (C), and non-shared environmental (E) effects at each wave of assessment for both the caregiver and self reports. Results of these analyses indicated that the genetic contribution increases over time for the Deceitful/Manipulative factor. Although both factors were highly heritable, the Deceitful Manipulative factor was also influenced by both common and unique environments. To support continued longitudinal analyses of the data, invariance of the common pathway model across each wave of assessment was examined. A longitudinal model of factorial invariance can account for measurement error by holding constant the same factor structure across time. To further disentangle the genetic and environmental influences of psychopathic personality traits from mid-childhood to adolescence, a biometric model was fit to the longitudinally invariant factor structure to evaluate these contributions to the part of the CPS that was commonly measured at each wave. This final analysis can be used to further develop the longitudinal dynamic trajectory of psychopathic personality traits as measured by the CPS
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Tuvblad, Catherine, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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A common genetic factor explains the covariation among ADHD ODD and CD symptoms in 9-10 year old boys and girls
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0091-0627 .- 1573-2835. ; 37:2, s. 153-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies examining the covariation among Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) and Conduct Disorder (CD) have yielded inconsistent results. Some studies have concluded that the covariation among these symptoms is due to common genetic influences, whereas others have found a common environmental overlap. The present study investigated the genetic and environmental correlations among these three childhood disorders, based on a sample of 1,219 twins, age 9-10 years. A latent externalizing behavior factor was found to explain the covariance among ADHD, ODD and CD symptoms. Genetic influences explained more than half of the variance in this externalizing factor in both boys and girls. There were also unique genetic and environmental influences in each set of symptoms, suggesting some etiological independence of the three disorders. Our findings have implications for molecular genetic studies trying to identify susceptibility genes for these disorders.
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| 47. |
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| 48. |
- Tuvblad, Catherine, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Cross-Cultural Validation of the Reactive-Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ) Using Four Large Samples from the US, Hong Kong, and China
- 2016
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment. - : Springer-Verlag New York. - 0882-2689 .- 1573-3505. ; 38:1, s. 48-55
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This is the first study to assess the validity the Chinese version of the Reactive and Proactive Aggression Questionnaire (RPQ). The RPQ was administered to 11 year-old participants in the China Jintan Child Cohort Study, a population-based longitudinal study of 1352 children. Similar to other studies, a two-factor solution with one reactive and one proactive subscale best described the data. Overall, the Chinese version of the RPQ had good construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. These findings suggest that the RPQ is psychometrically similar when administered to children and adolescents in the United States and in China and need not be modified to measure aggressive behavior in Chinese samples.
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| 49. |
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| 50. |
- Tuvblad, Catherine, 1968-, et al.
(författare)
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Genetic and environmental influences on disinhibition, boldness, and meanness as assessed by the triarchic psychopathy measure in 19-20-year-old twins
- 2019
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Ingår i: Psychological Medicine. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0033-2917 .- 1469-8978. ; 49:9, s. 1500-1509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: The Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) provides Disinhibition, Boldness, and Meanness scales for assessing the three trait domains of the triarchic model. Here we examined the genetic and environmental etiology of these three domains, including evaluation of potential sex differences.Methods: A total of 1016 men and women ages 19–20 years were drawn from the University of Southern California Risk Factors for Antisocial Behavior twin study.Results: Scores for the three TriPM scales were correlated to differing degrees, with the strongest phenotypic correlation between Disinhibition and Meanness. No sex differences were found in the genetic and environmental influences underlying these three domains, suggesting that the same genes and life experiences contribute to these traits in young men and women. For TriPM Disinhibition and Boldness, genetic factors explained about half or less of the variance, with the rest of the variance being explained by non-shared environmental factors. For TriPM Meanness, on the other hand, genetic, shared environmental, and non-shared environmental factors accounted for the variance. The phenotypic correlation between Disinhibition and Meanness was explained in part by common genes (26%), with the remainder attributable about equally to common shared (39%), and non-shared environmental influences (35%).Conclusions: These findings contribute to our understanding of psychopathic personality traits by demonstrating the importance of heritable factors for disinhibition and boldness facets of psychopathy, and the importance of shared environmental influences for the meanness facet.
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