| 1. |
- Ruilope, LM, et al.
(författare)
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Design and Baseline Characteristics of the Finerenone in Reducing Cardiovascular Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease Trial
- 2019
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Ingår i: American journal of nephrology. - : S. Karger AG. - 1421-9670 .- 0250-8095. ; 50:5, s. 345-356
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- <b><i>Background:</i></b> Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. <b><i>Patients and</i></b> <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate ≥25 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup> and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥30 to ≤5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level α = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049.
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| 2. |
- Kumar, M., et al.
(författare)
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Frontier review on the propensity and repercussion of SARS-CoV-2 migration to aquatic environment
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Hazardous Materials Letters. - : Elsevier BV. - 2666-9110. ; 1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Increased concern has recently emerged pertaining to the occurrence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in aquatic environment during the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. While infectious SARS-CoV-2 has yet to be identified in the aquatic environment, the virus potentially enters the wastewater stream from patient excretions and a precautionary approach dictates evaluating transmission pathways to ensure public health and safety. Although enveloped viruses have presumed low persistence in water and are generally susceptible to inactivation by environmental stressors, previously identified enveloped viruses persist in the aqueous environment from days to several weeks. Our analysis suggests that not only the surface water, but also groundwater, represent SARS-CoV-2 control points through possible leaching and infiltrations of effluents from health care facilities, sewage, and drainage water. Most fecally transmitted viruses are highly persistent in the aquatic environment, and therefore, the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in water is essential to inform its fate in water, wastewater and groundwater and subsequent human exposure.
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| 3. |
- Asai, Masato, et al.
(författare)
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Loss of Function of the Melanocortin 2 Receptor Accessory Protein 2 Is Associated with Mammalian Obesity
- 2013
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Ingår i: Science. - : American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). - 1095-9203 .- 0036-8075. ; 341:6143, s. 275-278
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Melanocortin receptor accessory proteins (MRAPs) modulate signaling of melanocortin receptors in vitro. To investigate the physiological role of brain-expressed melanocortin 2 receptor accessory protein 2 (MRAP2), we characterized mice with whole-body and brain-specific targeted deletion of Mrap2, both of which develop severe obesity at a young age. Mrap2 interacts directly with melanocortin 4 receptor (Mc4r), a protein previously implicated in mammalian obesity, and it enhances Mc4r-mediated generation of the second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate, suggesting that alterations in Mc4r signaling may be one mechanism underlying the association between Mrap2 disruption and obesity. In a study of humans with severe, early-onset obesity, we found four rare, potentially pathogenic genetic variants in MRAP2, suggesting that the gene may also contribute to body weight regulation in humans.
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| 4. |
- Bhand, Sunil, et al.
(författare)
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Immuno-arrays for multianalyte analysis of chlorotriazines
- 2005
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Ingår i: Talanta. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-3573 .- 0039-9140. ; 65:2, s. 331-336
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, a novel strategy for multicomponent analysis of two classes of pesticides such as triazines (atrazine and simazine) and phenoxyalkanoic acids (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid (CPOAc), phenoxyacetic acid (POAc)) employing immuno-arrays is demonstrated. The approach is based on cross-reactive arrays of specific antibody pairs coupled to chemometric pattern recognition. The monoclonal antibody pairs employed in this work (atrazine–simazine and 2,4-D) are specific towards a set of analytes and preclude a particular set of others present in the sample matrix. Antibody pairs of atrazine, simazine, and 2,4-D are used to discriminate and quantify analyte of interest. Atrazine was quantified in presence of trace concentration of simazine and that of 2,4-D. The combinatorial cross-reactivity of antibody pairs towards simazine, atrazine and 2,4-D is used to distinguish among different classes of analytes and their influence on the signal suppression in immuno-techniques. These sensors exclude recognition by carbamates such as carbaryl and carbofuran.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Chandrika Ranjendra Nair, Hari Ram, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Aerosol demasking enhances climate warming over South Asia
- 2023
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Ingår i: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. - 2397-3722. ; 6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic aerosols mask the climate warming caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs). In the absence of observational constraints, large uncertainties plague the estimates of this masking effect. Here we used the abrupt reduction in anthropogenic emissions observed during the COVID-19 societal slow-down to characterize the aerosol masking effect over South Asia. During this period, the aerosol loading decreased substantially and our observations reveal that the magnitude of this aerosol demasking corresponds to nearly three-fourths of the CO2-induced radiative forcing over South Asia. Concurrent measurements over the northern Indian Ocean unveiled a ~7% increase in the earth’s surface-reaching solar radiation (surface brightening). Aerosol-induced atmospheric solar heating decreased by ~0.4 K d−1. Our results reveal that under clear sky conditions, anthropogenic emissions over South Asia lead to nearly 1.4 W m−2 heating at the top of the atmosphere during the period March–May. A complete phase-out of today’s fossil fuel combustion to zero-emission renewables would result in rapid aerosol demasking, while the GHGs linger on.
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| 7. |
- Chandrika Ranjendra Nair, Hari Ram, 1989-, et al.
(författare)
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Aerosol demasking enhances climate warming over South Asia
- 2023
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Ingår i: npj Climate and Atmospheric Science. - 2397-3722. ; 6:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anthropogenic aerosols mask the climate warming caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs). In the absence of observational constraints, large uncertainties plague the estimates of this masking effect. Here we used the abrupt reduction in anthropogenic emissions observed during the COVID-19 societal slow-down to characterize the aerosol masking effect over South Asia. During this period, the aerosol loading decreased substantially and our observations reveal that the magnitude of this aerosol demasking corresponds to nearly three-fourths of the CO2-induced radiative forcing over South Asia. Concurrent measurements over the northern Indian Ocean unveiled a ~7% increase in the earth’s surface-reaching solar radiation (surface brightening). Aerosol-induced atmospheric solar heating decreased by ~0.4 K d−1. Our results reveal that under clear sky conditions, anthropogenic emissions over South Asia lead to nearly 1.4 W m−2 heating at the top of the atmosphere during the period March–May. A complete phase-out of today’s fossil fuel combustion to zero-emission renewables would result in rapid aerosol demasking, while the GHGs linger on.
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| 8. |
- Damato, V, et al.
(författare)
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Rituximab abrogates aquaporin-4-specific germinal center activity in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders
- 2022
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. - : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. - 1091-6490. ; 119:24, s. e2121804119-
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- By studying paired blood and deep cervical lymph node samples from patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, our data provide evidence for a germinal center–based generation of aquaporin-4 antibodies. Frequent serum aquaporin-4 immunoglobulin Ms (IgMs) and shifts in IgG subclasses were observed alongside preferential synthesis of aquaporin-4 IgGs and aquaporin-4–reactive B cells within lymph nodes. Both intranodal synthesis of aquaporin-4 antibodies and intranodal aquaporin-4–reactive B cells were robustly eliminated with rituximab administration. This study systematically explores lymph nodes that drain the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with CNS autoimmunity and offers a potential explanation as to why rituximab is clinically highly efficacious in autoantibody-mediated diseases despite no accompanying reduction in serum autoantibody levels.
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Höpner, Friederike, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical profiles of optical and microphysical particle properties above the northern Indian Ocean during CARDEX 2012
- 2016
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Ingår i: Atmospheric Chemistry And Physics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1680-7316 .- 1680-7324. ; 16:2, s. 1045-1064
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A detailed analysis of optical and microphysical properties of aerosol particles during the dry winter monsoon season above the northern Indian Ocean is presented. The Cloud Aerosol Radiative Forcing Experiment (CARDEX), conducted from 16 February to 30 March 2012 at the Maldives Climate Observatory on Hanimaadhoo island (MCOH) in the Republic of the Maldives, used autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (AUAV) to perform vertical in situ measurements of particle number concentration, particle number size distribution as well as particle absorption coefficients. These measurements were used together with surface-based Mini Micro Pulse Lidar (MiniMPL) observations and aerosol in situ and off-line measurements to investigate the vertical distribution of aerosol particles. Air masses were mainly advected over the Indian subcontinent and the Arabian Peninsula. The mean surface aerosol number concentration was 1717 +/- 604cm(-3) and the highest values were found in air masses from the Bay of Bengal and Indo-Gangetic Plain (2247 +/- 370cm(-3)). Investigations of the free tropospheric air showed that elevated aerosol layers with up to 3 times higher aerosol number concentrations than at the surface occurred mainly during periods with air masses originating from the Bay of Bengal and the Indo-Gangetic Plain. This feature is different compared to what was observed during the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) conducted in winter 1999, where aerosol number concentrations generally decreased with height. In contrast, lower particle absorption at the surface (sigma(abs)(520nm) = 8.5 + 4.2Wm(-1)) was found during CARDEX compared to INDOEX 1999. Layers with source region specific single-scattering albedo (SSA) values were derived by combining vertical in situ particle absorption coefficients and scattering coefficients calculated with Mie theory. These SSA layers were utilized to calculate vertical particle absorption profiles from MiniMPL profiles. SSA surface values for 550 nm for dry conditions were found to be 0 : 94 +/- 0 : 02 and 0 : 91 +/- 0 : 02 for air masses from the Arabian Sea (and Middle East countries) and India (and Bay of Bengal), respectively. Lidar-derived particle absorption coefficient profiles showed both a similar magnitude and structure as the in situ profiles measured with the AUAV. However, primarily due to insufficient accuracy in the SSA estimates, the lidar-derived absorption coefficient profiles have large uncertainties and are generally weakly correlated to vertically in situ measured particle absorption coefficients. Furthermore, the mass absorption efficiency (MAE) for the northern Indian Ocean during the dry monsoon season was calculated to determine equivalent black carbon (EBC) concentrations from particle absorption coefficient measurements. A mean MAE of 11.6 and 6.9m(2) g(-1) for 520 and 880 nm, respectively, was found, likely representing internally mixed BC containing particles. Lower MAE values for 880 and 520 nm were found for air masses originating from dust regions such as the Arabian Peninsula and western Asia (MAE(880 nm) = 5.6m(2) g(-1), MAE(520 nm) = 9.5m(2) g(-1)) or from closer source regions as southern India (MAE(880 nm) = 4.3m(2) g(-1), MAE(520 nm) = 7. 3m(2) g(-1)).
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| 11. |
- Indragandhi, V., et al.
(författare)
-
Preface
- 2020
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Ingår i: IOP Conference Series. - 1757-8981 .- 1757-899X. ; 906
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We would like to present, with great pleasure that the aim of the 2nd Virtual Conference on Advances in Electric Drives, Process Control and Automation (VCADPCA2020) is a platform for researchers, academicians as well as professionals from all over the world to present, discuss and promote advances in knowledge, research and practice in the field of Electric Drives, Process Control and Automation. VCADPCA2020 is offering a fantastic opportunity to attend a global scientific forum from the convenience of your desktop. No travelling, no hotel expenses, no time away from the office. The conference runs fully online, from paper submission, including reviewing, conference discussion and post conference processing. All papers will be referred to double tier approval process, single-blind peer-review and regular check. The online conference is a smart and affordable manner of presenting research results.Three leading universities VIT, India, Aalborg University Fibigerstræde, Denmark and University West, Sweden are organized this conference successfully on 9th June 2020. Keynote sessions are presented virtually from National and International experts in cutting edge technologies. The selected papers are presented by the authors virtually in the emerging fields like smart grid, power electronics, renewable energy, industrial automation, control and robotics. The panel members evaluated the research ideas and recommended for paper publications in IOP conference proceedings.
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| 12. |
- Kandhasamy, Subramani, et al.
(författare)
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Nanofibrous matrixes with biologically active hydroxybenzophenazine pyrazolone compound for cancer theranosticsx
- 2017
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Ingår i: Materials science & engineering. C, biomimetic materials, sensors and systems. - : ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV. - 0928-4931 .- 1873-0191. ; 74, s. 70-85
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The nanomaterial with the novel biologically active compounds has been actively investigated for application in cancer research. Substantial use of nanofibrous scaffold for cancer research with potentially bioactive compounds through electrospinning has not been fully explored. Here, we describe the series of fabrication of nanofibrous scaffold loaded with novel potential biologically active hydroxybenzo[a]phenazine pyrazol-5(4H)-one derivatives were designed, synthesized by a simple one-pot, two step four component condensation based on Michael type addition reaction of lawsone, benzene-1,2-diamine, aromatic aldehydes and 3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5 (4H)-one as the substrates. The heterogeneous solid state catalyst (Fe (III) Y-Zeolite) could effectively catalyze the reaction to obtain the product with high yield and short reaction time. The synthesized compounds (5a-5p) were analyzed by NMR, FTIR and HRMS analysis. Compound 5c was confirmed by single crystal XRD studies. All the compounds were biologically evaluated for their potential inhibitory effect on anticancer (MCF-7, Hep-2) and microbial (MRSA, MTCC 201 and FRCA) activities. Among the compounds 5i exhibited the highest levels of inhibitory activity against both MCF-7, Hep-2 cell lines. Furthermore, the compound 5i (BPP) was evaluated for DNA fragmentation, flow cytometry studies and cytotoxicity against MCF-7, Hep-2 and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. In addition, molecular docking (PDB ID: 1T46) studies were performed to predict the binding affinity of ligand with receptor. Moreover, the synthesized BPP compound was loaded in to the PHB-PCL nanofibrous scaffold to check the cytotoxicity against the MCF-7, Hep-2 and NIH 3T3 fibroblast cell lines. The in vitro apoptotic potential of the PHB-PCL-BPP nanofibrous scaffold was assessed against MCF-7, Hep-2 cancerous cells and fibroblast cells at 12, 24 and 48 h respectively. The nanofibrous scaffold with BPP can induce apoptosis and also suppress the proliferation of cancerous cells. We anticipate that our results can provide better potential research in nanomaterial based cancer research. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 13. |
- Karthikeyan, S., et al.
(författare)
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Influence of the Substituents on the CH...pi Interaction : Benzene-Methane Complex
- 2013
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Ingår i: Journal of Physical Chemistry A. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1089-5639 .- 1520-5215. ; 117:30, s. 6687-6694
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recently we showed that the binding energy of the benzene...acetylene complex could be tuned up to 5 kcal/mol by substituting the hydrogen atoms of the benzene molecule with multiple electron-donating/electron-withdrawing groups (J. Chem. Theory Comput. 2012, 8, 1935). In continuation, we have here examined the influence of various substituents on the CH...pi interaction present in the benzene...methane complex using the CCSD(T) method at the complete basis set limit. The influence of multiple fluoro substituents on the interaction strength of the benzene...methane complex was found to be insignificant, while the interaction strength linearly increases with successive addition of methyl groups. The influence of other substituents such as CN, NO2, COOH, Cl, and OH was found to be negligible. The NH2 group enhances the binding strength similarly to the methyl group. Energy decomposition analysis predicts the dispersion energy component to be on an average three times larger than the electrostatic energy component. Multidimensional correlation analysis shows that the exchange-repulsion and dispersion terms are correlated very well with the interaction distance (r) and with a combination of the interaction distance (r) and molar refractivity (MR), while the electrostatic component correlates well when the Hammett constant is used in combination with the interaction distance (r). Various recently developed DFT methods were used to assess their ability to predict the binding energy of various substituted benzene...methane complexes, and the M06-2X, B97-D, and B3LYP-D3 methods were found to be the best performers, giving a mean absolute deviation of similar to 0.15 kcal/mol.
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| 14. |
- Kumar, Manoj, et al.
(författare)
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Arsenic distribution and mobilization : A case study of three districts of uttar pradesh and bihar (india)
- 2015
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Ingår i: Safe and Sustainable Use of Arsenic-Contaminated Aquifers in the Gangetic Plain. - Cham : Springer Publishing Company. - 9783319161242 - 9783319161235 ; , s. 111-123
-
Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Tectonic evolution of Himalayas is related to high erosional potential and substantial sediment transport. Fluvial deposition of clastic material in the Middle Gangetic plain (MGP) is mainly governed by crustal deformation and climatic condition of Himalayas (Singh M, Singh IB, Müller G, Geomorphology 86:144-175, 2007). Seven large Asian rivers-Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, Yangtze, Huang He or Yellow River, Salween and Mekong-are fed by Himalayan glaciers which are supplying ~30 % of the global sediments to the ocean (Milliman JD, Meade RH, J Geol 9:1-19, 1983; Singh VB, Ramanathan AL, Pottakkal JG, Kumar M, J Asian Earth Sci 79:224-234, 2014, 2005). High flux of sediment transported from different terrain of Himalayas is product of geologically young rock formation (Singh VB, Ramanathan AL, Pottakkal JG, Kumar M, J Asian Earth Sci 79:224-234, 2014). It provides an opportunity to study the fluvial system and post-depositional changes in sediment water interaction depending on the degree of mobility of element under the altered environmental conditions. Arsenic (As) contamination of groundwater is a global problem. Understanding of As mobilization from sediments to As-contaminated aquifers is important for water quality management in areas of MGP of India.
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| 15. |
- Kumar, M., et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater evolution and its utility in upper Ganges-Yamuna Alluvial plain of Northern India, India : Evidence from solute chemistry and stable isotopes
- 2018
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Ingår i: Groundwater for Sustainable Development. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-801X. ; 7, s. 400-409
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The current study was focused on the characterization of recharge, weathering processes and to check the aptness of groundwater for household and agriculture utility in the Chhaprola industrial area located in Gautam Buddha Nagar district of Uttar Pradesh, India. Groundwater samples (n = 33) were analyzed for major cations and anions from which (n = 22) were analyzed for stable isotopic records (δ2H and δ18O). Solute chemistry revealed neutral to moderately basic nature (pH ranged 6.4–8.8) and showed a higher (ranged 552–3130 µS/cm) of electrical conductivity. Isotopic signals ranged from − 8.7 to − 3.3‰ for δ18O and − 60.1 to − 37‰ for δ2H. Bivariate plot of stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) showed that majority of the samples fell below the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and local meteoric water line (LMWL) of New Delhi, indicating enrichment of heavier isotopes in the aquifers, which explain that recharging water, has undergone evaporation before recharging the aquifer. Monsoonal precipitation was observed as the major source of aquifer recharge in the surveyed area. Vertical hydraulic connectivity of the aquifer layers was traced with the help of isotopic record which exhibited a more negative intercept for shallow depth tube well than the middle depth tube well. About 76% of the samples exhibited negative Schoeller index thereby indicated cation-anion exchange reactions while the remaining samples depicted the Base Exchange Reactions. Sodium-normalized Ca versus Na-normalized Mg and HCO3, indicated an equal contribution of silicate and carbonate type weathering on global-average weathering system. About 52% of the groundwater samples fell into the Ca-HCO3 - water type while remaining samples fell into 33% and 15% of Na-HCO3 and Mg-HCO3 type, respectively. Water quality indices (viz. residual sodium carbonate, Kelly index, permeability index, magnesium hazard, and Chloroalkaline indices) revealed unsuitability of the groundwater for drinking and irrigation purpose at few locations.
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| 16. |
- Mishra, Brijesh Kumar, et al.
(författare)
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Tuning the C-H center dot center dot center dot pi Interaction by Different Substitutions in Benzene-Acetylene Complexes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1549-9618 .- 1549-9626. ; 8:6, s. 1935-1942
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The influence of substitutions in aromatic moieties on the binding strength of their complexes is a subject of broad importance. Using a set of various substituted benzenes, Sherrill and co-workers (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 13244; J. Phys. Chem. A 2003, 107, 8377) recently showed that the strength of a stacking interaction (pi...pi interaction) is enhanced by adding substituents regardless of their nature. Although the binding strength of an activated C-H...pi interaction is comparable to that of a stacking interaction, a similar systematic study is hitherto unknown in the literature. We have computed the stabilization energies of the C-H...pi complex of acetylene and multiple fluoro-/methyl-substituted benzenes at the coupled-cluster single and double (triple) excitation [CCSD(T)]/complete basis set (CBS) limit. The trend for interaction energies was found to be hexafluorobenzene-acetylene < sym-tetrafluorobenzene-acetylene < sym-trifluorobenzene-acetylene < sym-difluorobenzene-acetylene < benzene-acetylene < sym-dimethylbenzene-acetylene < sym-trimethylbenzene-acetylene < sym-tetramethylbenzene-acetylene < hexamethylbenzene-acetylene. Therefore, contrary to the case of stacking interaction (Hohenstein et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 13244), we show here that electron-withdrawing groups weaken the dimer while electron-donating groups trengthen the interaction energy of the dimer. Various recently developed density functional theoretic (DFT) methods were assessed for their performance and the M05-2X, M06-2X, and omega B97X-D methods were found to be the best performers. These best DFT performers were employed in determining the influence of other representative substituents (-NO2, -CN, -COOH, -Br, -Cl, -OH, and -NH2) as an extension to the above work. The results for the complex of acetylene and various para-disubstituted benzenes revealed a trend in binding energies that is in accordance with the ring-activating/deactivating capacity of each of these groups. The stabilization energy was partitioned via the DFT symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) method, and both dispersion and electrostatic interactions were seen to be major driving forces for the complex stabilization. Interestingly, the sum of the energy contributors such as dispersion, exchange, induction, etc., is close to zero and the total energy follows the trend of the electrostatic energy. We observe an excellent linear correlation between the optimized intermolecular separation of the different complexes and the exchange/dispersion interaction.
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| 17. |
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Ornato, J P, et al.
(författare)
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Future directions for resuscitation research. III. External cardiopulmonary resuscitation advanced life support.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Resuscitation. - 0300-9572 .- 1873-1570. ; 32:2, s. 139-58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This discussion about advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) reflects disappointment with the over 50% of out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) attempts that fail to achieve restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Hospital discharge rates are equally poor for in-hospital CPR attempts outside special care units. Early bystander CPR and early defibrillation (manual, semi-automatic or automatic) are the most effective methods for achieving ROSC from ventricular fibrillation (VF). Automated external defibrillation (AED), which is effective in the hands of first responders in the out-of-hospital setting, should also be used and evaluated in hospitals, inside and outside of special care units. The first countershock is most important. Biphasic waveforms seem to have advantages over monophasic ones. Tracheal intubation has obvious efficacy when the airway is threatened. Scientific documentation of specific types, doses, and timing of drug treatments (epinephrine, bicarbonate, lidocaine, bretylium) are weak. Clinical trials have failed so far to document anything statistically but a breakthrough effect. Interactions between catecholamines and buffers need further exploration. A major cause of unsuccessful attempts at ROSC is the underlying disease, which present ACLS guidelines do not consider adequately. Early thrombolysis and early coronary revascularization procedures should also be considered for selected victims of sudden cardiac death. Emergency cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) could be a breakthrough measure, but cannot be initiated rapidly enough in the field due to technical limitations. Open-chest CPR by ambulance physicians deserves further trials. In searches for causes of VF, neurocardiology gives clues for new directions. Fibrillation and defibrillation thresholds are influenced by the peripheral sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems and impulses from the frontal cerebral cortex. CPR for cardiac arrest of the mother in advanced pregnancy requires modifications and outcome data. Until more recognizable critical factors for ROSC are identified, titrated sequencing of ACLS measures, based on physiologic rationale and sound judgement, rather than rigid standards, gives the best chance for achieving survival with good cerebral function.
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| 20. |
- Rahmathullah, Abu Sajana, 1986, et al.
(författare)
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A low-complexity algorithm for intrusion detection in a PIR-based Wireless Sensor Network
- 2009
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Ingår i: Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing (ISSNIP), 2009, Melbourne, Australia. - 9781424435173 ; , s. 337 - 342
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We present a low-complexity algorithm for intrusion detection in the presence of clutter arising from wind-blown vegetation, using passive infra-red (PIR) sensors in a wireless sensor network (WSN). The algorithm is based on a combination of Haar transform (HT) and support-vector-machine (SVM) based training and was field tested in a network setting comprising of 15-20 sensing nodes. Also contained in this paper is a closed-form expression for the signal generated by an intruder moving at a constant velocity. It is shown how this expression can be exploited to determine the direction of motion information and the velocity of the intruder from the signals of three well-positioned sensors.
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| 21. |
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