| 1. |
- Nguyen, Thanh N, et al.
(författare)
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Global Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Stroke Volumes and Cerebrovascular Events: A 1-Year Follow-up.
- 2023
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Ingår i: Neurology. - 1526-632X. ; 100:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Declines in stroke admission, IV thrombolysis (IVT), and mechanical thrombectomy volumes were reported during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. There is a paucity of data on the longer-term effect of the pandemic on stroke volumes over the course of a year and through the second wave of the pandemic. We sought to measure the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the volumes of stroke admissions, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), IVT, and mechanical thrombectomy over a 1-year period at the onset of the pandemic (March 1, 2020, to February 28, 2021) compared with the immediately preceding year (March 1, 2019, to February 29, 2020).We conducted a longitudinal retrospective study across 6 continents, 56 countries, and 275 stroke centers. We collected volume data for COVID-19 admissions and 4 stroke metrics: ischemic stroke admissions, ICH admissions, IVT treatments, and mechanical thrombectomy procedures. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.There were 148,895 stroke admissions in the 1 year immediately before compared with 138,453 admissions during the 1-year pandemic, representing a 7% decline (95% CI [95% CI 7.1-6.9]; p < 0.0001). ICH volumes declined from 29,585 to 28,156 (4.8% [5.1-4.6]; p < 0.0001) and IVT volume from 24,584 to 23,077 (6.1% [6.4-5.8]; p < 0.0001). Larger declines were observed at high-volume compared with low-volume centers (all p < 0.0001). There was no significant change in mechanical thrombectomy volumes (0.7% [0.6-0.9]; p = 0.49). Stroke was diagnosed in 1.3% [1.31-1.38] of 406,792 COVID-19 hospitalizations. SARS-CoV-2 infection was present in 2.9% ([2.82-2.97], 5,656/195,539) of all stroke hospitalizations.There was a global decline and shift to lower-volume centers of stroke admission volumes, ICH volumes, and IVT volumes during the 1st year of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the prior year. Mechanical thrombectomy volumes were preserved. These results suggest preservation in the stroke care of higher severity of disease through the first pandemic year.This study is registered under NCT04934020.
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| 2. |
- Feigin, Valery L, et al.
(författare)
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Global, Regional, and Country-Specific Lifetime Risks of Stroke, 1990 and 2016.
- 2018
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Ingår i: The New England journal of medicine. - 1533-4406 .- 0028-4793. ; 379:25, s. 2429-2437
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The lifetime risk of stroke has been calculated in a limited number of selected populations. We sought to estimate the lifetime risk of stroke at the regional, country, and global level using data from a comprehensive study of the prevalence of major diseases.We used the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2016 estimates of stroke incidence and the competing risks of death from any cause other than stroke to calculate the cumulative lifetime risks of first stroke, ischemic stroke, or hemorrhagic stroke among adults 25 years of age or older. Estimates of the lifetime risks in the years 1990 and 2016 were compared. Countries were categorized into quintiles of the sociodemographic index (SDI) used in the GBD Study, and the risks were compared across quintiles. Comparisons were made with the use of point estimates and uncertainty intervals representing the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles around the estimate.The estimated global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was 24.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.5 to 26.2); the risk among men was 24.7% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.3 to 26.0), and the risk among women was 25.1% (95% uncertainty interval, 23.7 to 26.5). The risk of ischemic stroke was 18.3%, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke was 8.2%. In high-SDI, high-middle-SDI, and low-SDI countries, the estimated lifetime risk of stroke was 23.5%, 31.1% (highest risk), and 13.2% (lowest risk), respectively; the 95% uncertainty intervals did not overlap between these categories. The highest estimated lifetime risks of stroke according to GBD region were in East Asia (38.8%), Central Europe (31.7%), and Eastern Europe (31.6%), and the lowest risk was in eastern sub-Saharan Africa (11.8%). The mean global lifetime risk of stroke increased from 22.8% in 1990 to 24.9% in 2016, a relative increase of 8.9% (95% uncertainty interval, 6.2 to 11.5); the competing risk of death from any cause other than stroke was considered in this calculation.In 2016, the global lifetime risk of stroke from the age of 25 years onward was approximately 25% among both men and women. There was geographic variation in the lifetime risk of stroke, with the highest risks in East Asia, Central Europe, and Eastern Europe. (Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.).
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| 3. |
- Feigin, Valery L., et al.
(författare)
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Global, regional, and national burden of neurological disorders, 1990–2016 : a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016
- 2019
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Ingår i: Lancet Neurology. - : Elsevier. - 1474-4422 .- 1474-4465. ; 18:5, s. 459-480
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Neurological disorders are increasingly recognised as major causes of death and disability worldwide. The aim of this analysis from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2016 is to provide the most comprehensive and up-to-date estimates of the global, regional, and national burden from neurological disorders.Methods: We estimated prevalence, incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs; the sum of years of life lost [YLLs] and years lived with disability [YLDs]) by age and sex for 15 neurological disorder categories (tetanus, meningitis, encephalitis, stroke, brain and other CNS cancers, traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, motor neuron diseases, idiopathic epilepsy, migraine, tension-type headache, and a residual category for other less common neurological disorders) in 195 countries from 1990 to 2016. DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression tool, was the main method of estimation of prevalence and incidence, and the Cause of Death Ensemble model (CODEm) was used for mortality estimation. We quantified the contribution of 84 risks and combinations of risk to the disease estimates for the 15 neurological disorder categories using the GBD comparative risk assessment approach.Findings: Globally, in 2016, neurological disorders were the leading cause of DALYs (276 million [95% UI 247–308]) and second leading cause of deaths (9·0 million [8·8–9·4]). The absolute number of deaths and DALYs from all neurological disorders combined increased (deaths by 39% [34–44] and DALYs by 15% [9–21]) whereas their age-standardised rates decreased (deaths by 28% [26–30] and DALYs by 27% [24–31]) between 1990 and 2016. The only neurological disorders that had a decrease in rates and absolute numbers of deaths and DALYs were tetanus, meningitis, and encephalitis. The four largest contributors of neurological DALYs were stroke (42·2% [38·6–46·1]), migraine (16·3% [11·7–20·8]), Alzheimer's and other dementias (10·4% [9·0–12·1]), and meningitis (7·9% [6·6–10·4]). For the combined neurological disorders, age-standardised DALY rates were significantly higher in males than in females (male-to-female ratio 1·12 [1·05–1·20]), but migraine, multiple sclerosis, and tension-type headache were more common and caused more burden in females, with male-to-female ratios of less than 0·7. The 84 risks quantified in GBD explain less than 10% of neurological disorder DALY burdens, except stroke, for which 88·8% (86·5–90·9) of DALYs are attributable to risk factors, and to a lesser extent Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (22·3% [11·8–35·1] of DALYs are risk attributable) and idiopathic epilepsy (14·1% [10·8–17·5] of DALYs are risk attributable).Interpretation: Globally, the burden of neurological disorders, as measured by the absolute number of DALYs, continues to increase. As populations are growing and ageing, and the prevalence of major disabling neurological disorders steeply increases with age, governments will face increasing demand for treatment, rehabilitation, and support services for neurological disorders. The scarcity of established modifiable risks for most of the neurological burden demonstrates that new knowledge is required to develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Jones, Kelly M., et al.
(författare)
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Determining the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a stroke instructional and educational DVD in a multinational context : a randomized controlled pilot study
- 2018
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Ingår i: Clinical Rehabilitation. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-2155 .- 1477-0873. ; 32:8, s. 1086-1097
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To assess the feasibility of conducting a randomized controlled trial of an instructional and educational stroke DVD and determine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of this intervention in a multinational context. Design: Non-funded, pilot randomized controlled trial of intervention versus usual care. Setting: International, multicentre, community-based. Participants: Community-living adults up to three years post stroke with moderate to severe disability and their nominated informal caregivers. Interventions: Intervention patients viewed and practised rehabilitation techniques demonstrated in the DVD over six weeks. Main measures: Trial feasibility by number of active recruitment sites, recruitment efficiency, randomization and follow-up. Intervention feasibility by patient and caregiver impressions. Preliminary efficacy by the quality of life – 5-level EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) health status measure, General Health Questionnaire and Centre for Epidemiological Studies–Depression at two months. Results: In total, 14 recruitment sites were established across eight countries. Recruitment was achieved at nine (64%) sites. Over 16 months, 66 participants were recruited (mean (SD) age = 63.5 (12.47) years) and randomized to intervention (n = 34) and control (n = 32) groups. In total, 54 (82%) completed a follow-up assessment. Patient and/or caregiver comments about the benefits and barriers to accessing the intervention were mixed. There were no significant between-group differences in outcomes at two months (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Conducting a multinational trial of a stroke DVD requires full funding. The intervention was acceptable to some patients and their caregivers, yet a generalized education approach did not fully meet their needs and/or expectations. A more individualized method may be required to meet peoples’ changing needs during stroke recovery.
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| 8. |
- Mantyla, E., et al.
(författare)
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Cytoplasmic Parvovirus Capsids Recruit Importin Beta for Nuclear Delivery
- 2020
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Ingår i: Journal of Virology. - : American Society for Microbiology. - 0022-538X .- 1098-5514. ; 94:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parvoviruses are an important platform for gene and cancer therapy. Their cell entry and the following steps, including nuclear import, are inefficient, limiting their use in therapeutic applications. Two models exist on parvoviral nuclear entry: the classical import of the viral capsid using nuclear transport receptors of the importin (karyopherin) family or the direct attachment of the capsid to the nuclear pore complex leading to the local disintegration of the nuclear envelope. Here, by laser scanning confocal microscopy and in situ proximity ligation analyses combined with coimmunoprecipitation, we show that infection requires importin beta-mediated access to the nuclear pore complex and nucleoporin 153-mediated interactions on the nuclear side. The importin beta-capsid interaction continued within the nucleoplasm, which suggests a mixed model of nuclear entry in which the classical nuclear import across the nuclear pore complex is accompanied by transient ruptures of the nuclear envelope, also allowing the passive entry of importin beta-capsid complexes into the nucleus. IMPORTANCE Parvoviruses are small DNA viruses that deliver their DNA into the postmitotic nuclei, which is an important step for parvoviral gene and cancer therapies. Limitations in virus-receptor interactions or endocytic entry do not fully explain the low transduction/infection efficiency, indicating a bottleneck after virus entry into the cytoplasm. We thus investigated the transfer of parvovirus capsids from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, showing that the nuclear import of the parvovirus capsid follows a unique strategy, which differs from classical nuclear import and those of other viruses.
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| 9. |
- Mattola, S., et al.
(författare)
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Concepts to Reveal Parvovirus-Nucleus Interactions
- 2021
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Ingår i: Viruses-Basel. - : MDPI AG. - 1999-4915. ; 13:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parvoviruses are small single-stranded (ss) DNA viruses, which replicate in the nucleoplasm and affect both the structure and function of the nucleus. The nuclear stage of the parvovirus life cycle starts at the nuclear entry of incoming capsids and culminates in the successful passage of progeny capsids out of the nucleus. In this review, we will present past, current, and future microscopy and biochemical techniques and demonstrate their potential in revealing the dynamics and molecular interactions in the intranuclear processes of parvovirus infection. In particular, a number of advanced techniques will be presented for the detection of infection-induced changes, such as DNA modification and damage, as well as protein-chromatin interactions.
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| 10. |
- Mattola, S., et al.
(författare)
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Nuclear entry and egress of parvoviruses
- 2022
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Ingår i: Molecular Microbiology. - : Wiley. - 0950-382X .- 1365-2958. ; 118:4, s. 295-308
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Parvoviruses are small non-enveloped single-stranded DNA viruses, which depend on host cell nuclear transcriptional and replication machinery. After endosomal exposure of nuclear localization sequence and a phospholipase A(2) domain on the capsid surface, and escape into the cytosol, parvovirus capsids enter the nucleus. Due to the small capsid diameter of 18-26 nm, intact capsids can potentially pass into the nucleus through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). This might be facilitated by active nuclear import, but capsids may also follow an alternative entry pathway that includes activation of mitotic factors and local transient disruption of the nuclear envelope. The nuclear entry is followed by currently undefined events of viral genome uncoating. After genome release, viral replication compartments are initiated and infection proceeds. Parvoviral genomes replicate during cellular S phase followed by nuclear capsid assembly during virus-induced S/G2 cell cycle arrest. Nuclear egress of capsids occurs upon nuclear envelope degradation during apoptosis and cell lysis. An alternative pathway for nuclear export has been described using active transport through the NPC mediated by the chromosome region maintenance 1 protein, CRM1, which is enhanced by phosphorylation of the N-terminal domain of VP2. However, other alternative but not yet uncharacterized nuclear export pathways cannot be excluded.
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| 11. |
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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An Exploratory Pilot Study on Pictorial Narrativity and Eye Scan Patterns
- 2012
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Ingår i: 22nd Biennal Congress of The International Association of Empirical Aesthetics (IAEA). - : National Taiwan Normal University (NTNU)/ Intternational Association of Empirical Aesthetics (IAEA). ; , s. 66-87
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The philosophical debate on the nature of narrative has been mainly concernedwith literary narratives, whereas forms of non-literary and especially pictorialnarrativity have been rather neglected. Within traditional art history, however, thenarrative potential of the visual arts has usually been taken for granted, though rarelyby attempting to elucidate any deeper cognitive, semiotic, and philosophical aspectsinvolved. The question whether narrative should be regarded as an exclusively verbalor verbalﾉ┞ H;ゲWS ふｷくWく ﾐWIWゲゲ;ヴｷﾉ┞ ヮヴWゲ┌ヮヮﾗゲｷﾐｪ デｴW ヴWIWｷ┗Wヴゲげ ヮヴW┗ｷﾗ┌ゲ ﾆﾐﾗ┘ﾉWSｪW ﾗaverbally transmitted plots) phenomenon has of course been discussed withinnarratological research. Undoubtedly, there might be certain limitations に thoughperhaps also advantages - to pictorial media compared to verbal ones as to theirnarrative potential. Discussions on these lines have usually been more or less of atheoretical nature, although sometimes research from cognitive science has beentaken into account. Nevertheless, empirical and psychological research may have animportant contributing role to play, and it seems that scholars within narratology -compared to other branches of philosophy, most notably perhaps philosophy of mind- are somewhat too reluctant to recognize that role.In this paper, I intend to outline how empirical studies making use of eye-trackingmethods may help to clarify these issues. Numerous studies seem to havecorroborated that eye movements are strongly synchronized with and indicative ofcognitive processes going on during spoken or written word recognition, sentenceprocessing and picture or visual scene encoding に and mental imagery in general.Now, as to the study of narrativity, which certainly is a quite complex, heterogeneousphenomenon, it would seem fruitful to focus upon some of its constituents which -according to common usage within narratological research - appear to belong to itscore structure. We suggest, without any claims of being exhaustive in this respect, that the following ones fruitfully could be considered within an experimentalapproach:(i) Chronological ordering(ii) The establishment of causal agency and effects(iii) The establishment of goal-related agency and intended effects(iv) The establishment of breaks or deviations from/within canonical scripts orschemas The purpose of this paper will be to discuss to which extent the comprehensionand identification of narrative features as here outlined can be indicated byeye-tracking methods and to which extent there will be differences according tovarious viewing conditions, with and without the inclusion of explicit and specificverbal texts (rather than any tacit acquaintance with common action scripts, or thelike) directing or influencing the narrative structuring of the used pictorial stimulusmaterial. Put in another way, to which extent will there be intersubjective overlaps orregularities concerning the narrative comprehension of pictures? These differencesand overlaps could be registered in form of verbal reports made by the beholders.However, it will also be hypothesized that concurrent saccadic movements andfixations, reflecting attention and underlying cognitive processing, might becorrelated with the narrative structuring of pictorial stimuli. Preliminary results froma pilot study, making use of eye-tracking laboratory at Lund University, will bepresented.
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| 14. |
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| 15. |
- Ranta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Art : On the Evolutionary Foundations of Art and Aesthetics
- 2016
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Ingår i: Human Lifeworlds : The Cognitive Semiotics of Cultural Evolution - The Cognitive Semiotics of Cultural Evolution. - : Peter Lang D. - 9783631662854 - 9783653054866 - 9783631693957 ; , s. 123-144
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 16. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Brasiliansk barock med afrikanska accenter
- 2006
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Ingår i: Kulturens värld. - : Kulturhistoriska föreningen för södra Sverige i samarbete med Bra böcker. - 0282-5902. ; :3, s. 26-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 17. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Brysons relativism och kritik av konstvetenskapen
- 1997
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Ingår i: Symposium om konstvetenskapen : 18-19 april 1996 : vi granskar oss själva och vår verksamhet. - : Konstvetenskapliga institutionen, Stockholms universitet. ; , s. 35-46
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Derrida och tolkningsrationalitet
- 1993
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Ingår i: Filosofisk Tidskrift. - : Thales. - 0348-7482. ; 14:3, s. 3-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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En ”Petit Tour” till norra Italien
- 2014
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Ingår i: Kulturens värld. - Lund : Kulturhistoriska föreningen för södra Sverige i samarbete med Bra böcker. - 0282-5902. ; 2:2, s. 40-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Ett land för upptäcktsresande
- 2015
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Ingår i: Kulturens värld. - Lund : Kulturhistoriska föreningen för södra Sverige i samarbete med Bra böcker. - 0282-5902. ; :1, s. 34-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
- Ranta, Michael, 1959-
(författare)
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How Pictures Tell Stories : Essays on Pictorial Narrativity
- 2022
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Bok (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the humanities, narratology has become a growing field of interest in recent decades. Quite frequently, storytelling has been associated with verbal discourses, but, as this book argues, other media, such as the visual arts, often tell stories too. While among art historians the narrative aspects of visual art have constituted a prevalent focus of interest, systematic and theoretical treatments of narrative and temporal imagery have remained largely absent.This book serves to bridge the gap between a language-oriented narratology and art history, examining some basic and regularly occurring narrative aspects of pictures from a cognitive and semiotic point of view. It will appeal to both scholars of narratology and undergraduate students.
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| 31. |
- Ranta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Hunting stories in Scandinavian rock art : Aspects of 'tellability' in the north versus the south
- 2020
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Ingår i: Oxford Journal of Archaeology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0262-5253 .- 1468-0092. ; 39:3, s. 228-246
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Scandinavian petroglyphs have given rise to vivid interpretations, often related to Old Norse religion and Indo-European mythology. However, we still do not know if, how or to what extent these images are really telling stories. In this paper, we shall analyse the ways in which Scandinavian northern and southern traditions (in Alta, Northern Norway and in Norrkoping, Middle Sweden, respectively) depict hunting narratives. While the northern tradition may render several phases and procedural aspects of the hunt, the southern one tends to be more focused on the killing itself, or the confrontational aspects of the hunt. A preliminary observation is that the scenes differ in ways that reflect not only different hunting traditions, but also imply different foci of interest. Put in another way, they emphasize different aspects of the hunting activity itself, of what is relevant, worth telling, or 'tellable'.
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| 32. |
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| 33. |
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| 34. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Implied World Views in Pictures : Reflections from a Cognitive Psychological and Anthropological Point of View
- 2007
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Ingår i: Contemporary Aesthetics. - 1932-8478. ; 5
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In traditional art history, iconological attempts to analyze visual works of art by treating their formal and semantic features as symptoms of more general, implied world views or cultures have occurred rather frequently. Still, such attempts have been criticized for permitting subjective and and non-verifiable interpretations. In this paper, however, I will argue that (i) pictorial works of art indeed imply wider world views or schemata, and (ii) that our comprehension of these schemata can be explained by taking into account recent research within cognitive psychology. More specifically, I will argue that intelligence partly consists of the storage and retrieval of action scripts or schemata which may occur on various levels of abstraction. I will claim that the possession of high-level narrative structures, shared by a relatively large group of beholders, is actually a necessary presupposition for understanding pictorial works of art as part of a wider context, that is, as implying world views.
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Kommissarie Morse och Oxford
- 2014
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Ingår i: Kulturens värld. - Lund : Kulturhistoriska föreningen för södra Sverige i samarbete med Bra böcker. - 0282-5902. ; 4:4, s. 40-45
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 37. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Landskap som ur en sagobok
- 2011
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Ingår i: Kulturens värld. - 0282-5902. ; :3, s. 34-41
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 38. |
- Ranta, Michael, et al.
(författare)
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Levels of Narrativity in Scandinavian Bronze Age Petroglyphs
- 2019
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Ingår i: Cambridge Archaeological Journal. - : Cambridge University Press. - 1474-0540 .- 0959-7743. ; 29:3, s. 497-516
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In Europe, Scandinavia holds the largest concentration of rock art (i.e. petroglyphs), created c. 5000–first century bc, many of them showing figurative and seemingly narrative representations. In this paper, we will discuss possible narratological approaches applied to these images. We might reasonably distinguish between three levels of pictorial narrativity: representations of (i) single events, understood as the transition from one state of affairs to another, usually involving (groups of) agents interacting; (ii) stories, e.g. particular sequences of related events that are situated in the past and retold for e.g. ideological or religious purposes; and (iii) by implication, master-narratives deeply embedded in a culture, which provide and consolidate cosmological explanations and social structures. Some concrete examples of petroglyphs will be presented and analysed from narratological and iconographical perspectives. We will as a point of departure focus on (i), i.e. single events, though we shall also further consider the possibility of narrative interpretations according to (ii) and (iii).
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| 39. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Litteratur : Hans-Olof Boström (red.), Tolv begrepp inom de estetiska vetenskaperna
- 2000
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Ingår i: Konsthistorisk Tidskrift. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0023-3609 .- 1651-2294. ; :3-4, s. 235-238
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Recension (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Jonathan Crary. Suspensions of Perception: Attention, Spectacle, and Modern Culture. An OCTOBER Book. The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts & London, England 1999. 397 pp, 107 ill. ISBN 0–262–03265–1.Hans‐olof BostrÖm (red.), Tolv begrepp inom de estetiska vetenskaperna Carlssons Bokförlag, Stockholm 2000. ISBN 91–7203–917–5
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| 40. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Mao’s Homeworld(s) : A Comment on the Use of Propaganda Posters in Post-War China
- 2020
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Ingår i: Semiotica. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0037-1998 .- 1613-3692. ; 2020:232, s. 53-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Within cognitive science, narratives are regarded as crucial and fundamental cognitive instruments or tools. As Roger Schank suggests, the identity of (sub-)cultures is to a considerable extent based upon the sharing of narrative structures (Schank. 1995. Tell me a story: Narrative and intelligence. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press.). According to Schank, culturally shared stories, as do many other stories, occur frequently in highly abbreviated form, as “skeleton stories” or “gists.” Collective identities are conveyed in and between cultures not only through verbal discourse, but also by pictorial means. Many pictures and visual artworks have indeed been produced in order to establish and to consolidate a home-culture and to demarcate it from conceived extra-cultural counterparts.Some of my previous work on these lines has been concerned with demarcation efforts in visual media of “Jews” as extra-cultural, since the Middle Ages onwards, in the Third Reich’s iconography, as well as in modern, radicalized forms of anti-Semitic picturing in Arab media (Ranta. 2016. The (pictorial) construction of collective identities in the Third Reich. Language and Semiotic Studies 2(3). 107–124, Ranta. 2017. Master narratives and the (pictorial) construction of otherness: Anti-semitic images in the Third Reich and beyond. Contemporary Aesthetics 15. https://contempaesthetics.org/newvolume/pages/article.php?articleID=765 (accessed 17 November 2019.). In building upon and extending this work, I shall focus in the current paper upon attempts of creating cultural and political cohesion by means of pictorial propaganda in post-war China from the early 1950’s onwards, as promoted by the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) under the leadership by Mao Zedong. Some concrete pictorial examples indicating these attempts will be discussed from a narratological and cultural semiotic perspective.
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| 41. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Master Narratives and the (Pictorial) Construction of Otherness : Anti-Semitic Images in the Third Reich and Beyond
- 2017
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Ingår i: Contemporary Aesthetics. - 1932-8478. ; 15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Collective identities of the Self (or Ego) vs. the Other are not only conveyed in and between cultures through verbal discourse but also through pictures. Such cultural constructions are often established and consolidated by storytelling, where, briefly put, events or situations are temporally ordered. Pictures and visual artworks may be powerful narrative resources for establishing and consolidating cultural stances and framing actions. In this paper, I shall focus upon demarcation efforts of Jews as the Other from the Middle Ages onwards, in the Third Reich’s iconography, and in modern, radicalized forms of anti-Semitic picturing in Arab media. Within overarching master stories staging a pseudo-historical struggle between various protagonists and Jewish antagonists, considerable efforts have been made to produce pictorial narratives or gists in order to demarcate the Ego from the Other. A number of concrete pictorial examples will be presented from a narratological and cultural semiotic perspective.
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| 42. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Mimesis as the Representation of Types : The Historical and Psychological Basis of an Aesthetic Idea
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This work attempts to investigate a long-standing tradition within the history of aesthetics according to which the function of pictorial representation consists, or ought to consist, of the rendering of general or idealized types rather than particulars. Proponents of this view may be found in various versions from antiquity to the present. The second chapter of this work gives a historical overview of this tradition.How could this tradition be explained or given any plausibility? Aestheticians, and perhaps most notably analytic aestheticians, have been rather reluctant to take empirical research into account. In this study, however, it is claimed that empirical/psychological research may be of considerable importance for clarifying at least some aesthetic problems, including that mentioned above. Thus the third chapter of this work gives a historical survey of some psychological attempts along these lines. Theoretical foundations of such an approach may be found among 18th century British empiricists, wheras concrete investigations have been made during the 19th and the 20th centuries.The focus of this study will, however, be on recent cognitive psychology and categorization research, which will be discussed in chapters four and five. A basic tenet within cognitive psychology consists of the idea that higher organisms are capable of constructing and storing mental representations. Such representations may reflect general or exemplary characteristics of categories, but they also involve ideal features defined in terms of goal-efficiency. Pictorial representations of general and idealized types may correspond to the stored mental representations of beholders. Based upon recent research within emotion theory, it will be argued that matches and moderate mismatches between pictorial renderings of types and beholders' mental representations and schemata may lead to hedonic effects and thus may have a bearing on aesthetic preferences.
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| 43. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Mästerlig träsnidare
- 2013
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Ingår i: Kulturens värld. - Lund : Kulturhistoriska föreningen för södra Sverige i samarbete med Bra böcker. - 0282-5902. ; :4, s. 46-51
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 44. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Narrativity and Historicism in National Socialist Art
- 2010
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Ingår i: kunsttexte.de. - : DFG, Humboldt-Universität Berlin. - 1618-8101. ; 3
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, I intend to outline and discuss someaspects of pictorial historical narration, more specifically with regard to National Socialist art and its implicit rendering of temporal and historical processes.Certainly in many artworks from that period a futureorientation, towards an ideal political, social and ethnic (or racial) state of affairs, seems to have been prevalent, partially by rendering present states or actionspointing to or enhancing its fulfilment. Still, the realization of this utopian state is frequently supposed to receive its legitimacy by referring to an assumed, moreor less constructed historical past, e.g. Antiquity orthe Middle Ages. Hence past, present and future become to some extent fused, though revealing a linearimage of time considered to be unidirectional and irreversible. Influenced by e.g. the works of Roger Griffin,I shall suggest that fascism, of which National Socialism can be seen as a subcategory, might be circumscribed as some kind of ‘palingenetic populist ultra-nationalism’. Officially sanctioned art produced duringthe Third Reich seems, as I will attempt to show inconcluding this paper, to be in line with the idea ofpalingenetic populist ultra-nationalism.Although I have attempted to treat and examine thesetopics as value neutral and ‘clinical’ as possible(which probably is required by a serious academic paper), this should by no means be interpreted as an(implicit) attempt to legitimize National Socialist ideology. My aim is certainly not to belittle or palliate theseriousness of the matter, nor indeed the actual atrocities committed by the Nazi regime and its followers.Neither should the quite repugnant and despicableimplications of National Socialist ideology in its cultural manifestations, such as in works of art, be underestimated. Thus I, as the author, clearly wish to distance myself from any of the standpoints put forward byvarious representatives of National Socialist thinking,as here outlined.
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| 45. |
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| 46. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Norr om Vientiane
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tidningen Kulturen. - : Bokförlaget h:ström - Text & Kultur. - 2000-7086.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 47. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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(Od)tworzenie porządku : narracyjność i światopoglądy ukryte w obrazach
- 2015
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Ingår i: Tekstualia. - : Index Copernicus. - 1734-6029 .- 2299-9906. ; 4:43, s. 57-78
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The philosophical debate on the nature of narrative has been mainly concerned with literary narratives, whereas forms of non-literary and especially pictorial narrativity have been rather neglected. Within traditional art history, however, the narrative potential of the visual arts has usually been taken for granted, though rarely by attempting to elucidate any deeper cognitive, semiotic, and philosophical aspects involved. Now, generally speaking, narratives contribute to the human endeavour to reduce the unpredictability of worldly changes, and human existence in particular, attempting to establish order in our experiences of transitoriness and existential vulnerability. The paper discusses some possible criteria of narrativity with regard to their applicability to pictorial objects. It demonstrates thatpictorial works may express or imply high- -level narrative structures or, put in another way, wider world views or schemata, and that our comprehension of and need for these schemata can be explained by taking recent research within cognitive psychology, schema theory, and narratology into account.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Ranta, Michael
(författare)
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Originalitet och skönhet
- 2005
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Ingår i: Bild i skolan. - : Lärarförbundet. ; :2, s. 25-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 50. |
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